CN103146913B - Method for treating iron-containing dust of iron and steel plant by using cupola furnace - Google Patents
Method for treating iron-containing dust of iron and steel plant by using cupola furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN103146913B CN103146913B CN201310112206.9A CN201310112206A CN103146913B CN 103146913 B CN103146913 B CN 103146913B CN 201310112206 A CN201310112206 A CN 201310112206A CN 103146913 B CN103146913 B CN 103146913B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating iron-containing dust in an iron and steel plant by using a cupola furnace, belonging to the technical field of iron making. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: blending, uniformly mixing, briquetting and maintaining raw materials including dust in the iron and steel plant, a carbonaceous reducing agent, a bonder and an additive, and then putting the raw materials into the cupola furnace for iron making, wherein the carbon content of carbon-containing pellets prepared by briquetting raw materials of various iron-containing dust in the iron and steel plant is about 10%, the compressive strength of the maintained pellets is greater than 1000N per each pellet, and the pellets are distributed into the cupola furnace for iron making through a material distribution system; and preheating blast through a hot blast furnace, preheating the wind temperature from a normal temperature to about 500-1200 DEG C, and enriching oxygen by 1-5% in the blast to achieve the aims of improving the smelting strength, increasing the output and reducing the coke ratio. By adopting the method, the dust of the iron and steel plant can be recycled to achieve the aims of saving energy, reducing emission and reducing environmental pollution, so that the method has good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cupola furnace and process the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant.Particularly can process containing K, Na and the higher dust of Zn element.Concrete grammar is to make carbonaceous pelletizing with the various iron dust containings of Steel Plant and carbonaceous reducing agent, reduces, fusing separates with slag iron and obtain the dust such as liquid iron and enrichment zinc, potassium and sodium in cupola furnace.This technique not only can reclaim the ferro element in dust, also can enrichment harmful element, become Fei Weibao, and alleviate the pollution to environment simultaneously.
background technology
Along with the fast development of Iron And Steel Industry, the iron dust containing amount that Steel Plant produce is all increasing year by year.These iron dust containing kinds are more, mainly come from the systems such as sintering, pelletizing, blast furnace, converter and electric furnace.The general granularity of these dust is tiny, contains a large amount of iron and carbon, is a kind of resource of worth recovery.But owing to containing the harmful element such as Zn, K and Na of high level in Dust of Iron And Steel Works, if be directly used in agglomeration, returning to blast furnace uses, will cause the enrichment of harmful element in blast furnace, have a strong impact on production and the life-span of blast furnace, therefore need to seek a kind of effectively technique and remove to recycle iron-containing dusts in steel plant.
When the technique of pre-treatment iron-containing dusts in steel plant is roughly divided three classes: Physical, wet method and pyrogenic process.First two method has respectively the low and severe operational environment of iron recovery, the shortcomings such as complex process.Pyrogenic attack Dust of Iron And Steel Works is the most ripe, and be used widely, its ultimate principle is to utilize the harmful elements such as potassium, sodium, zinc and lead to be at high temperature reduced rear formation steam raising and to enter coal gas, after being oxidized to corresponding oxide compound, cold zone enters dust, and be collected in dust-removal system, finally reach the object of enrichment harmful element.At present the technique of comparative maturity is to process dust with rotary hearth furnace and rotary kiln, the product the obtaining dust of harmful element that has been prereduced burden and enrichment.But direct-reduction technique has the sponge iron that investment is large, efficiency is low, cost is high and obtain also to need to carry out the shortcomings such as melt processed again.
At present, cupola furnace is usually used to molten pig iron, steel scrap or iron alloy at home, is to utilize in cupola furnace the chemical energy of coke burning to be converted into heat energy to melt iron-containing charge.Utilize cupola furnace smelting dust carbonaceous pelletizing different from molten pig iron, also need additionally to consume the part ferriferous oxide that coke reduces in dust, energy expenditure is larger.Conventionally lower to the wind-warm syndrome of air blast in cupola furnace, be all normal temperature mostly, air blast is brought into the less calories in stove, and coke ratio is high, in order to reduce to greatest extent coke consumption, increase blast temperature that can be suitable.After cold fixed dust carbonaceous pelletizing is put into cupola furnace ironmaking, if will improve to greatest extent output, reduce stock column resistance and damage, be a kind of effective means to oxygen enrichment in air blast.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the method that one utilizes cupola furnace oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment percentage 1%～5%) drum hot blast (500 DEG C～1200 DEG C of wind-warm syndrome temperature) to smelt cold fixed dust carbonaceous pelletizing.
The inventive method is for comprehensive reutilization Dust of Iron And Steel Works, solve iron-containing dusts in steel plant and recycle the problem running into, to make carbonaceous pelletizing with iron dust containing and the carbonaceous reducing agent of Steel Plant particularly, in cupola furnace, reduce, fusing separates with slag iron, the dust of harmful element that obtained liquid molten iron and enrichment.The method mainly prepares carbonaceous pelletizing technique by dust and the high wind-warm syndrome smelting dust of the high oxygen enrichment of cupola furnace carbonaceous pelletizing technique two portions form, solve carbonaceous pelletizing intensity low, enter the easy explosion of pelletizing after stove, cupola furnace energy consumption is high, yield poorly and the problem such as the difficult enrichment of harmful element, and its concrete technology method is as follows:
(1) dust carbonaceous pelletizing preparation technology's composition proportion is iron dust containing: reductive agent powder: mineral binder bond: organic binder bond=100:10 ~ 20:6 ~ 12:0.5～2, wherein, iron dust containing refers to the Dust of Iron And Steel Works of iron-holder more than 20%, reductive agent powder refers to hard coal, bituminous coal, coke powder or other carbonaceous materials of granularity < 1mm, and binding agent refers to that granularity-200 order accounts for more than 80% cement and Xylo-Mucine.After various materials are prepared in proportion, carry out pressure ball after adding moisture to mix, water quantity is 10 ~ 15%.Natural curing is stand-by after 7～10 days.
(2) using 100% dust carbonaceous pelletizing as iron-smelting raw material, coke, as fuel, is distributed in cupola furnace from furnace roof together.
(3) cupola furnace blast temperature is preheating to 500～1200 DEG C, and to oxygen enrichment in air blast, oxygen enrichment percentage is 1～5%.Can improve air blast and bring the heat in cupola furnace into, reduce the coke needed air quantity that burns, can play reduction solid fuel consumption, reduce coke ratio, improve cupola furnace combustion intensity and increase the effect of output.
(4) taking dust carbonaceous pelletizing as iron-smelting raw material, adopt the ironmaking of cupola furnace oxygen enriched blast, comprise that preheating, prereduction, reduction and slag iron separate four-stage.Preheating section temperature is 200 ~ 850 DEG C, and the moisture within this stage in dust carbonaceous pelletizing all evaporates, and can not enter follow-up phase generation water-gas reaction and lose coke; The temperature of prereduction section is 850 ~ 1100 DEG C, CO in carbon and the coal gas of this stage pelletizing inside starts the ferriferous oxide in reducting pellet, but be subject to the impact of temperature of reaction, the degree of metalization of this stage pelletizing is lower, simultaneously, binding agent in pelletizing will lose efficacy in this stage, but because reduction has generated the metallic iron of certain content, the amplitude that pellet strength is reduced is little; 1100 ~ 1400 DEG C is the reduction phase of pelletizing, and most of ferriferous oxide will be reduced into metallic iron in this section, and degree of metalization can reach more than 98%; 1400 DEG C is slag iron separation phase above, and in this stage, the metallic iron that reduction generates starts to melt and separate gradually with slag mutually, finally forms molten iron and slag.The smelting cycle of this complete process is about 4～6h.
(5) harmful element such as potassium, sodium and the zinc in dust carbonaceous pelletizing is reduced in cupola furnace, gasifying enters coal gas, and when coal gas is during through coal gas dust collector, the harmful elements such as potassium, sodium and zinc are again oxidized and collected by cleaning apparatus.The metallurgical performance feature of dust carbonaceous pelletizing is as follows:
This technological advantage is as follows:
(1) dust carbonaceous pelletizing is compared with ordinary oxygen pellet, has that technical process is short, energy consumption is low, invest the advantages such as little, production cost is low, Dust of Iron And Steel Works can be focused on.
(2) dust carbonaceous pelletizing dry bulb ultimate compression strength is between 1000～1800N/, and along with carbon content in pelletizing increases, pellet strength reduces.
(3) dust carbonaceous pelletizing keeps intensity at the binding agent of the inner portion of cupola furnace pre-heating stage, and in the prereduction stage, in pelletizing, part ferriferous oxide is reduced into metallic iron, has formed metal iron-clad and has kept pellet strength.
(4), in cupola furnace smelting dust carbonaceous pelletizing process, the carbon of carbonaceous pelletizing inside will participate in dust reduction, therefore can significantly reduce coke ratio.
The advantage of this technique is as follows:
(1) adopt cold fixed agglomeration process, avoided traditional sintering process, can reduce CO
2discharge and energy consumption;
(2) in dust carbonaceous pelletizing, be furnished with a certain proportion of carbon, can play the dual function of heat-generating agent and reductive agent in pelletizing inside, can reduce coke ratio, improve reduction efficiency;
(3) preheating air blast in cupola furnace operating process, is preheating to 500～1200 DEG C by wind-warm syndrome by normal temperature, has improved air blast and has brought the heat in stove into, has reduced the consumption of coke.By 100 DEG C of every wind-warm syndrome raisings, ton iron is approximately saved coke 10-20Kg;
(4) due to oxygen enrichment (oxygen enrichment percentage is about 1～5%) in air blast, the air quantity that oxygen enrichment afterfire 1kg carbon consumes reduces, and just can, in the situation that not increasing coal gas amount and the loss of stove inner ram, increase the carbon amount of burning in the unit time, improve combustion intensity, reach the effect of volume increase;
(5) coal gas of high temperature is derived from shaft position, improve the recovery rate of zinc, potassium and sodium, avoid coal gas of high temperature and the cold-bonded carbonic pellet transmission of heat by convection at shaft, reduce the temperature of shaft lump zone, improve the intensity of cold-bonded carbonic pellet at shaft position, avoid making cold-bonded carbonic pellet produce efflorescence because temperature improves;
(6) can be in dedusting device for cupola furnace the harmful element such as enrichment potassium, sodium and zinc.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is process flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
By the dust from steel works sintering operation, blast furnace operation and steel making working procedure (its composition is in table 1), coal dust, cement clinker and Xylo-Mucine in proportion 100:15～20:6～12:0.5～2 mix, soak, make cold-bonded carbonic pellet, after natural curing 7～10 days, be distributed in cupola furnace and smelt by cloth system, produce molten iron (its composition is in table 2).
The various iron dust containing chemical compositions of table 1 Steel Plant (%)
| Title | TFe | C | K | Na | Zn | Pb | R 2 |
| Blast furnace cloth bag ash | 15～30 | 10～30 | 0.20～5 | 0.1～1 | 0.5～5 | 0.1～1 | -- |
| Sintering machine head end ash | 15～30 | -- | 10～30 | 0.1～2 | 0.5～5 | 1～20 | 2～3 |
| Blast furnace gravitational dust | 15～30 | 10～30 | 0.1～1 | 0.1～1 | 0.5～2 | 0.1～1 | -- |
| Electric furnace dust | 50～60 | 0.5～2 | -- | -- | 0.5～10 | 0.1～1 | 2～3 |
The chemical composition (%) of the molten iron that table 2 cupola furnace is produced
| Title | C | Si | S | P |
| Content | 4.0～4.3 | 0.4～1.2 | 0.03～0.08 | 0.08～0.12 |
Embodiment 2:
Use 100% dust carbonaceous pelletizing as example taking cupola furnace, the carbon content of suppose dust carbonaceous pelletizing is 10%, and iron-holder is 45%, and in air blast the oxygen of richness 3%, preheating drum air temperature to 1000 DEG C.Through Theoretical Calculation, can obtain the economic and technical norms of cupola furnace processing dust carbonaceous pelletizing smelting technology, as follows.
Coke ratio: 400～600kg/tHM
Dust carbonaceous pelletizing coal: 200～300kg/tHM
Furnace top coal quantity: 2000 ~ 2300Nm
3/ tHM
Stock gas composition: CO:20 ~ 35%, CO
2: 10 ~ 25%, N
2: 40 ~ 50%, H
2: 2 ~ 5%
Theoretical combustion temperature: 2200 ~ 2400 DEG C
Oxygen consumption: 60Nm
3.
Claims (3)
1. cupola furnace is processed a method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant, it is characterized in that:
Step 1, by iron-containing dusts in steel plant, reductive agent, mineral binder bond and organic binder bond mix with mixer, wherein the amount of allocating into of reductive agent is 10～20% of iron dust containing quality, the mineral binder bond amount of allocating into is 6～12% of iron dust containing quality, and the organic adhesive amount of allocating into is 0.5～2% of iron dust containing quality; Add moisture, the total moisture that makes the compound obtaining is 10～15% of compound total mass, and compound is carried out to briquetting, and natural curing 7～10 days obtains cold fixed dust carbonaceous pelletizing, and its intensity is 1000～1800N/;
Step 2, to oxygen enrichment in the hot blast blasting in cupola furnace, flow of oxygen is 20～50Nm
3/ tHM, oxygen enrichment percentage is 1～5%;
Step 3, utilize hotblast stove preheating air blast, the wind-warm syndrome of air blast is brought up to 500～1200 DEG C by normal temperature;
Step 4, cold-bonded carbonic dust pelletizing is dropped in cupola furnace, after 4～6 hours, obtain high temperature liquid iron, K, the Na in dust and Zn element, along with coal gas of high temperature flows into coal gas treatment system, obtain enrichment in cleaning apparatus.
2. a kind of cupola furnace as claimed in claim 1 is processed the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant, it is characterized in that: described reductive agent is hard coal, bituminous coal, coke powder or other carbonaceous materials; Described mineral binder bond is cement, and described organic binder bond is Xylo-Mucine.
3. a kind of cupola furnace as claimed in claim 2 is processed the method for iron-containing dusts in steel plant, it is characterized in that: described reductive agent granularity < 1mm; Described mineral binder bond and the granularity of organic binder bond account for more than 80% for-200 orders.
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| CN103468961B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-01-20 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of airtight cupola furnace process Steel Plant are containing zinc, lead powder dirt processing method |
| CN103614562B (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-08-26 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of melting furnace process Steel Plant solid waste processing method |
| CN103740939B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-09-16 | 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 | A kind ofly utilize Steel Plant Zinc-Bearing Wastes to produce molten iron and reclaim the method for zinc |
| KR102280254B1 (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2021-07-21 | 롯데정밀화학 주식회사 | Composition for forming electric arc furnace dust briquette and electric arc furnace dust briquette |
| CN105154608B (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-09-22 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of furnace cupola processing sea sand ore deposit and the method for steel plant's iron content carbon dust mixture |
| CN109942202B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-12-14 | 马鞍山市弘信冶金材料有限公司 | Method for producing rock wool board by comprehensively utilizing electric furnace ash |
| CN112853020A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 广钢气体(广州)有限公司 | Water-cooled cupola furnace and smelting method using same |
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| US5198190A (en) * | 1990-12-21 | 1993-03-30 | Enviroscience, Inc. | Method of recycling hazardous waste |
| CN1087124A (en) * | 1993-11-16 | 1994-05-25 | 冶金工业部钢铁研究总院 | Reduction iron-smelting process with carbon containing pellets-iron bath fusion |
| CN101871029B (en) * | 2009-04-21 | 2011-09-21 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Iron making method |
| CN101875986A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-11-03 | 北京科技大学 | Method for treating iron-containing dusts in steel plant by using melting gasification furnace |
| CN102676723B (en) * | 2012-05-08 | 2013-06-26 | 乔永刚 | Method for smelting ash iron by using cupola furnace |
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