CN103143817B - 板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法 - Google Patents

板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN103143817B
CN103143817B CN201310070563.3A CN201310070563A CN103143817B CN 103143817 B CN103143817 B CN 103143817B CN 201310070563 A CN201310070563 A CN 201310070563A CN 103143817 B CN103143817 B CN 103143817B
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李拴才
王庆光
韩武涛
郎行行
卢夙愿
李卫
董晓强
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Longhua Technology Group (Luoyang) Limited by Share Ltd
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Abstract

板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,先将板管与板管焊接成板束,然后再将板束与齿板焊接起来即可,所述板管与板管焊接时,焊缝的两端止于距板管端部5~6mm的位置,所述板束与齿板焊接时,先将板束的端面和齿板焊接起来,然后在齿板上焊接一条垂直于板管的连续焊缝。本发明通过限定焊接板束的端面与齿板时的焊接顺序和工艺参数,有效的降低了板管与齿板齿尖位置处的焊接应力,避免了设备在运行过程中的应力腐蚀,同时在齿板上焊一条覆盖板束与齿板的接触部位的焊缝,不仅增强了板束与齿板的焊接强度,而且确保了板式蒸发式换热器传热芯体的密封性,延长了设备的寿命。

Description

板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及到换热领域中换热器的焊接,具体的说是板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法。
背景技术
蒸发式冷却(凝)器是一种将水冷与空冷、传热与传质过程融为一体且兼有两者之长的高效节能冷却(凝)设备,它具有结构紧凑、传热效率高、投资省、操作费用低、安装、维护方便等优点。板式蒸发式冷却(凝)器是蒸发式冷却(凝)器的一种,目前已在炼油、冶金、电力、制冷、化工等行业中广泛应用。
传热芯体是板式蒸发式冷却(凝)器的传热部件(核心部件)。传热芯体由多组板管组焊而成,其在制造过程中涉及两处关键焊缝的焊接:两薄板管之间的焊接、薄板束与厚齿板之间的焊接,其焊接存在难度大、生产效率低和焊接质量难于把握等问题。尤其在生产和运行过程中,一旦这两处焊缝出现问题,维护和修补非常困难,有可能造成整个设备的失效或报废。
发明内容
为解决现有传热芯体焊接时存在的焊接质量差进而导致设备使用寿命降低的问题,本发明提供了一种板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用的技术方案为:板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,先将板管与板管焊接成板束,然后再将板束与齿板焊接起来即可,所述板管与板管焊接时,焊缝的两端止于距板管端部5~6mm的位置,所述板束与齿板的焊接遵循以下步骤:
1)清理板束和齿板的待焊区域,然后将板束与齿板组合完成,采用定位焊将板束和齿板的位置固定;
2)采用手工氩弧焊将板束的端面和齿板接触部分焊接起来,焊接时沿齿板的长度方向从上到下依次顺序焊接,且齿板的前后两表面均用氩气保护;
焊接板束中每条板管的端面与齿板的齿间时,焊接的起点为板管与板管端部未焊接部位,沿着板管与齿板的交界面焊接至齿板的齿间位置并将整个齿间焊接密封;
3)在齿板上采用手工氩弧焊焊接一条垂直于板管的连续焊缝即完成焊接,该焊缝覆盖板束端部与齿板的接触位置,焊接时齿板的上部采用氩气保护。
本发明中,所述板管与板管焊接时焊缝处采用氩气保护。
本发明中,所述板管与板管的焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,焊接顺序按照“一”字型焊接,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接方式为自熔,焊接电流为30~40A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度8~10cm/min。
本发明中,所述步骤2)中的手工氩弧焊采用单面焊双面成型法焊接。
本发明中,所述步骤2)和步骤3)中的焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,齿板与板束之间留有设计间隙,焊材规格为直棒φ1.2mm,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接电流为80~85A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度10~15cm/min。
为便于描述,将板管与板管之间的焊缝称之为01-01焊缝;将步骤2)中板束的端面和齿板接触部分间的焊缝称之为02-02焊缝;将步骤3)中齿板上覆盖板束与齿板的接触部位的焊缝称之为03-03焊缝。
本发明中,02-02焊缝使得板管与板管两端部和齿板的齿间位置均焊接两遍,不仅增强了焊接强度,而且,采用这种焊接方法,极大程度上减小了焊接应力,同时也增强了密封效果。
有益效果:本发明通过限定焊接板束的端面与齿板时的焊接顺序和工艺参数,有效的降低了板管与齿板齿尖位置处的焊接应力,避免了设备在运行过程中的应力腐蚀,同时在齿板上焊一条覆盖板束与齿板的接触部位的焊缝,不仅增强了板束与齿板的焊接强度,而且确保了板式蒸发式换热器传热芯体的密封性,延长了设备的寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图;
图2为本发明板束与齿板的焊接工艺图;
附图标记:1、齿板,2、板管,3、板束,4、01-01焊缝,5、02-02焊缝,6、03-03焊缝。
具体实施方式
如图所示,板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,具体操作步骤如下:
    一)板管与板管的焊接
1)清理板管上的待焊区域,然后将板管与板管组装完成,采用定位焊将板管与板管的位置固定;
2)沿板管与板管之间的焊缝焊接直至将板管与板管焊接为一体结构的板束,焊接后焊缝(即01-01焊缝)的两端距板管两端拐角处的距离为5~6mm;
所述的焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,焊接顺序按照“一”字型焊接,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接方式为自熔,焊接电流为30~40A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度8~10cm/min;
在上述定位焊和手工氩弧焊焊接时,焊缝处采用氩气保护;
二)板束与齿板的焊接
3)清理板束和齿板的待焊区域,然后将板束与齿板组合完成,采用定位焊将板束和齿板的位置固定;
4)采用手工氩弧焊将板束的端面和齿板接触部分焊接起来,该焊缝即为02-02焊缝,焊接时沿齿板的长度方向从上到下依次顺序焊接,且齿板的前后两表面均用氩气保护;
焊接板束中每条板管的端面与齿板的齿间时,焊接的起点为板管与板管端部未焊接部位,沿着板管与齿板的交界面焊接至齿板的齿间位置并将整个齿间焊接密封;
焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,齿板与板束之间留有设计间隙,焊材规格为直棒φ1.2mm,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接电流为80~85A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度10~15cm/min;
手工氩弧焊采用单面焊双面成型法焊接;
5)在齿板上采用手工氩弧焊焊接一条垂直于板管的连续焊缝即完成焊接,该焊缝即为03-03焊缝,该焊缝覆盖板束端部与齿板的接触位置,焊接时齿板的上部采用氩气保护;
该步骤的焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,齿板与板束之间留有设计间隙,焊材规格为直棒φ1.2mm,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接电流为80~85A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度10~15cm/min。
焊接02-02焊缝时,02-02焊缝是由多段焊缝组成的,每段焊缝用于对应的每条板管的端部与其对应的齿板齿间焊接固定,在焊接这些焊缝时,严格按照“起点为板管与板管端部未焊接部位,然后沿着板管与齿板的交界面焊接至齿板的齿间位置并将整个齿间焊接密封”的顺序进行焊接。
经过检测,所焊试板的常温抗拉强度分别为σb=583 MPa(断于母材),σb=587 MPa(断于焊缝),接头与母材完全等强。按焊接工艺评定的规范焊接一组试件进行打压试验,当试验压力为11~13 MPa时,试件出现明显的塑性变形,而氩弧焊焊缝未出现泄漏、***。工艺评定与打压试验的结果证明,氩弧焊对不锈钢薄板进行焊接的焊缝强度符合设计要求,并有足够的强度储备。

Claims (5)

1.板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,先将板管与板管焊接成板束,然后再将板束与齿板焊接起来即可,其特征在于:所述板管与板管焊接时,焊缝的两端止于距板管端部5~6mm的位置,所述板束与齿板的焊接遵循以下步骤:
1)清理板束和齿板的待焊区域,然后将板束与齿板组合完成,采用定位焊将板束和齿板的位置固定;
2)采用手工氩弧焊将板束的端面和齿板接触部分焊接起来,焊接时沿齿板的长度方向从上到下依次顺序焊接,且齿板的前后两表面均用氩气保护;
焊接板束中每条板管的端面与齿板的齿间时,焊接的起点为板管与板管端部未焊接部位,沿着板管与齿板的交界面焊接至齿板的齿间位置并将整个齿间焊接密封;
3)在齿板上采用手工氩弧焊焊接一条垂直于板管的连续焊缝即完成焊接,该焊缝覆盖板束端部与齿板的接触位置,焊接时齿板的上部采用氩气保护。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,其特征在于:所述板管与板管焊接时焊缝处采用氩气保护。
3.根据权利要求1所述的板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,其特征在于:所述板管与板管的焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,焊接顺序按照“一”字型焊接,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接方式为自熔,焊接电流为30~40A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度8~10cm/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)中的手工氩弧焊采用单面焊双面成型法焊接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的板式蒸发换热器板管与齿板的焊接方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2)和步骤3)中的焊接采用手工氩弧焊焊接,齿板与板束之间留有设计间隙,焊材规格为直棒φ1.2mm,电源种类为直流,极性为正接,钨极直径φ2.5mm,喷嘴直径8~10mm,焊接电流为80~85A,电弧电压12~14V,焊接速度10~15cm/min。
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