Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of Cu-ZSM catalyst of high Cu load capacity, the load capacity of described Cu can reach more than 23%, a kind of method that the present invention also provides microwave-assisted solid-state reaction to prepare described Cu-ZSM catalyst, and described catalysis is removing the application of nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas.
The invention provides a kind of Cu-ZSM catalyst, the load capacity of the Cu of described catalyst is the 23-28% of described Cu-ZSM catalyst quality; Described Cu-ZSM catalyst is preferably the Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of the Cu-ZSM of preparation catalyst, and it comprises the following steps:
I) ZSM molecular sieve and the solution that contains alkali metal ion are carried out mix and blend, obtain the M-ZSM zeolite molecular sieve; Described M is selected from a kind of in alkali metal; Described ZSM molecular sieve is preferably the ZSM-11 molecular sieve;
Ii) with step I) the M-ZSM molecular sieve and the Schweinfurt green mixed grinding that make, and be placed in microwave heating equipment and heat and react, obtain the Cu-ZSM catalyst of loaded Cu ion, described Schweinfurt green is preferably with the Schweinfurt green of the crystallization water.
Described M is sodium and/or potassium, is preferably sodium.
In the method for preparing the Cu-ZSM catalyst of the present invention, also comprise:
At step I i) in M-ZSM zeolite molecular sieve and Cu (AC)
2During mixed grinding, add therein organic solvent, be used for wet mix surperficial, increase intergranular contact and diffusion.
Described organic solvent preferred alcohol, more preferably volume fraction is 99% ethanol.
Step I i in the present invention) milling time of described grinding is 20-120min.
Due in microwave-assisted solid-state reaction, reactant Cu (AC)
2H
2O and ZSM molecular sieve are to add with solid state, contact each other not as in solution fully, therefore to fully grind the reaction the former two, and add a small amount of organic solvent to come the wet mix surface, increase intergranular contact and diffusion, promote the carrying out of reaction.Therefore, in order to improve initial action speed, add 99% ethanol before reaction, grind 30min.Simultaneously, Cu (AC)
2.H
2The crystallization water that contains in O can be in reaction effective microwave energy absorbing, thereby reaction is carried out more fast.
Step I i in the present invention) operating frequency of described microwave Muffle furnace is 950-2450MHz.
Step I i in the present invention) described reaction is to carry out under 160-260 ℃ in temperature, and the reaction time is 15-30min.
Described step I i) in, the mol ratio of Schweinfurt green and M-ZSM molecular sieve is 1:1~9.
Step I i in the present invention) addition of described organic solvent is the 5-25% of the gross mass of M-ZSM molecular sieve and Schweinfurt green.
The present invention also provides a kind of application of described Cu-ZSM catalyst in removing nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas that utilize.
The microwave technology of utilization of the present invention is to utilize microwave as a kind of unionized electromagnetic energy, it has Fast Heating and the special characteristics such as galvanomagnetic-effect, the principle of spontaneous dispersion on the bigger serface carrier based on metallic salt or metal oxide, active component and molecular sieve are carried out by microwave, it being heated to cause the solid ionic exchange reaction after mechanical mixture, control active component in the distribution on molecular sieve surface, with the catalyst of preparation high capacity amount, the method can make up traditional heating solid phase dispersion method shortcoming.
The beneficial effect of the inventive method is:
1, adopting the standby Cu-ZSM catalyst of Microwave Solid legal system is a kind of efficient, easy method, required time be only under the traditional heating condition ion-exchange required time 1/39, just can obtain equal or higher Cu ion load amount, can promote active component in molecular sieve surface dispersion and solid ionic exchange reaction simultaneously.
2, at high temperature (400-600 ℃) roasting of traditional heating method at least 8h just to make high capacity amount be the 8.1wt%Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst.The present invention can prepare higher Cu ion load amount Cu-ZSM catalyst than conventional method, and there are multiple cooperate and bond function in Cu species and molecular sieve on exchanged, and in the dispersion of molecular sieve outer surface more than the catalyst that the ion-exchange preparation is arranged.
3, the Activity and stabill aspect of the standby catalyst decomposing N O of Microwave Solid legal system all substantially exceeds traditional heating method and ion-exchange, and initial NO conversion ratio is up to 92.4% under oxygen free condition, and after reaction 25h, conversion ratio still maintains more than 75%.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but scope of the present invention is not limited to following examples.
The device that uses in an embodiment of the present invention and instrument and sign condition are as follows:
1) X-ray diffraction of catalyst (XRD) is characterized on the D/MAX-1200 type X-ray diffractometer that Rigaku company produces and carries out, Cu K alpha ray, and pipe is pressed 40kV, pipe stream 30mA, 2 °/min of sweep speed, sweep limits is that 2 θ are 5~50 °.
2) infrared spectrum (IR) is characterized on the Nicolet308 type FT-IR infrared spectrometer that U.S. Thermo company produces and carries out, KBr compressing tablet, resolution ratio 4crn
-1, get 4000~400crn-1 infrared spectrum.
3) specific area and pore size distribution sign (BET) is carried out on the NOVA4000e type physical adsorption appearance of U.S. Kang Ta company, and with nitrogen adsorption volumetric determination specific area and pore structure, specific area is calculated with the BET method, pore-size distribution BJH method mensuration.
4) SEM (SEM) is characterized on the Vega TS2136MX type SEM of Czech Tescan company and completes, and the catalyst sample surface is adopted ion sputtering to carry out metal spraying and processed, observe under different amplification and take pictures.
5) in catalyst, Cu content is measured by the 5100PC type Atomic Absorption Spectrometer that U.S. Perkin-Elmer company produces.
6) reaction unit of the present invention is the little anti-experimental provision of MRT-6123 type that Beijing glad boat shield petrochemical industry Science and Technology Ltd. produces.Device is comprised of carrier gas system, reaction system, temperature control system and sampler.Reactor inside diameter is 10mm, the stainless steel tube of long 500mm, and Catalyst packing is in flat-temperature zone, reaction tube middle part.
7) in tail gas, NO concentration is detected online by the 42C type NOx analyzer that U.S. Thermo Environmental Instruments company produces.
With X
NOThe conversion ratio of expression NO,
C in formula
in(NO) be NO concentration (mol/L) in unstripped gas before reaction, C
out(NO) be exit NO concentration (mol/L) after reaction.Catalytic activity with the conversion ratio evaluate catalysts of NO.
In following examples, Cu (AC)
2Be Schweinfurt green, Cu (AC)
2.H
2O is the Schweinfurt green with the crystallization water.
The preparation of embodiment 1 catalyst
The method of Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst comprises the following steps:
I) ZSM-11 molecular sieve and excessive NaOH solution are carried out mix and blend, then through washing, suction filtration, oven dry, obtain the Na-ZSM-11 zeolite molecular sieve;
Ii) with step I) the Na-ZSM-11 molecular sieve and the Cu (AC) that make
2Mix and add 99% ethanol, fully grind 30min, then be placed in microwave heating equipment, the control operating frequency is 2450MHz, is to heat 15-30min under 160-260 ℃ in temperature, washing, filter, dry under 100 ℃, the catalyst that makes is with the MCu-ZSM-11 catalyst.
Embodiment 2: the impact of rate of charge on catalyst loadings
Preparation process such as embodiment 1 add according to different Cu (AC) in table 1
2.H
2The Cu of the mol ratio of O:ZSM-11 (AC)
2.H
2O and ZSM-11 prepare described catalyst, investigate different material than the impact of mol ratio on the catalyst cupport for preparing, and experimental result sees Table 1.
The impact of table 1 rate of charge on catalyst loadings
Cu(AC)
2.H
2O:mZSM-11
|
1:9 |
1:7 |
1:5 |
1:3 |
1:1 |
The load of Cu (wt%) |
2.31 |
3.66 |
5.65 |
8.96 |
23.11 |
As shown in Table 1, under microwave action, be dispersed in the molecular sieve surface Cu (AC) 2 can with the Na-ZSM-11 molecular sieve in Na
+The solid ionic exchange reaction occurs, and its solid ionic exchange capacity increases along with the increase of Cu (AC) 2 input amounts.And when the load capacity of Cu (AC) 2 in the Na-ZSM-11 molecular sieve is increased to 23.11wt%, Cu (AC)
2Still can disperse fully on the molecular sieve surface.
The impact of 3 microwave action times of embodiment on catalyst loadings
The preparation method controls respectively Cu (AC) with embodiment 1
2.H
2The mol ratio of O:ZSM-11 is 1:5 and 1:3,200 ℃ of microwave heating temperature are prepared according to microwave heating time different in table 2 and 3, investigate the time of microwave action to the impact of catalyst loadings, experimental result sees Table 2 and table 3, table 2 expression be Cu (AC)
2.H
2The impact of microwave action time on catalyst loadings when the mol ratio of O:ZSM-11 is 1:3, that table 3 represents is Cu (AC)
2.H
2When the mol ratio of O:ZSM-11 is 1:5, the microwave action time affects Cu (AC) to catalyst loadings
2.H
2The impact of microwave action time on catalyst loadings when the mol ratio of O:ZSM-11 is 1:3.
The impact of table 2 microwave action time on catalyst loadings
Time/min |
10 |
15 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
The load of Cu (wt%) |
2.65 |
5.11 |
6.32 |
6.26 |
5.65 |
The impact of table 3 microwave action time on catalyst loadings
Time/min |
10 |
15 |
20 |
25 |
30 |
The load of Cu (wt%) |
3.55 |
6.71 |
8.96 |
8.76 |
8.65 |
By table 2 and table 3 as can be known, at the temperature of microwave action, the time of microwave action is a very important factor that affects catalyst loadings.The microwave irradiation effect time is short, and solid phase reaction is incomplete, and the load capacity of Cu is low, is best but the microwave action time is 15-30min, especially makes load capacity maximum at 20min, and after the time surpassed 25min, the load capacity of Cu descended on the contrary.Therefore, rationally control the microwave action time, can improve catalyst loadings and energy savings under identical condition.
The impact of embodiment 4 microwave action temperature on catalyst loadings
Preparation process is controlled Cu (AC) with embodiment 1
2.H
2The mol ratio of O:ZSM-11 is 1:5, during the time t=20min of heating using microwave, investigates different microwave heating temperature to the impact of catalyst loadings, and experimental result sees Table 3:
The impact of table 4 microwave action temperature on catalyst loadings
Temperature/℃ |
160 |
200 |
220 |
240 |
260 |
The load of Cu (wt%) |
4.40 |
5.65 |
6.09 |
6.54 |
6.31 |
As shown in Table 4, when temperature during lower than 240 ℃, raising along with the microwave action temperature, the load capacity of Cu also increases thereupon, this is mainly because improve the temperature of microwave action, also just be equivalent to increase under identical condition the power of microwave action, the raising of power can be strengthened the penetration capacity of microwave, thereby has accelerated the carrying out of solid phase reaction.When the microwave action temperature was 240 ℃, the load capacity of Cu was up to 6.54wt%.After temperature surpassed 240 ℃, the load capacity of Cu began to descend, and this is mainly because surpassing Cu (AC)
2At the temperature of boiling point, caused its distillation, the loss of Cu increases.
The Performance Ratio of the Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst of the application of embodiment 5 catalyst and distinct methods preparation
Be 3000h at reaction velocity (GHSV)
-1, NO concentration (volume fraction) is 5 * 10
-3, reaction temperature is under 550 ℃, the condition of anaerobic, to have investigated respectively shown in the upper NO cartalytic decomposition effect results of property table 5 of the Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst (the load capacity 5.65wt% of Cu) that uses the distinct methods preparation.By as seen from Table 5, standby Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst its active fall of prolongation along with the reaction time in the reaction of decomposing N O of Microwave Solid legal system is less, basically reach certain stable state at reaction 10h rear catalyst, after reaction 25h, the conversion ratio of its NO still maintains more than 75%.Under same condition, the Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst of ion-exchange preparation before reaction in 15h the conversion ratio of NO drop to 57.3% by 78%, reach stable state after reaction 15h, the conversion ratio of NO maintains 57% left and right substantially.And the Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst of general heating method preparation is 89% at the conversion ratio of initial reaction stage NO, reaches stable state after reaction 15h, and the NO conversion ratio maintains 50% left and right substantially.Above experimental data shows, compares with the catalyst of ion-exchange, general heating method preparation, and the standby catalyst of Microwave Solid legal system has better catalytic activity and stability.
The Cu-ZSM-11 catalyst decomposing N O conversion ratio of table 5 distinct methods preparation
Reaction time |
The Microwave Solid method |
Ion-exchange |
The traditional heating method |
1 hour |
90% |
78% |
89% |
5 hours |
88% |
73% |
80% |
10 hours |
79% |
60% |
60% |
15 hours |
78% |
57.3% |
53% |
20 hours |
76% |
57.3% |
51% |
25 hours |
75.7% |
57.5% |
50% |
30 hours |
75.7% |
57.5% |
50% |