CN103118537B - 含有pyripyropene杀虫剂和碱的农药组合物 - Google Patents
含有pyripyropene杀虫剂和碱的农药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Plant Pathology (AREA)
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种包含如下所定义的式(I)或(II)的pyripyropene农药和碱的组合物。本发明还涉及制备和施用该类组合物的方法以及几种其用途,最后涉及包含所述组合物的种子。
Description
本发明涉及包含如下所定义的pyripyropene杀虫剂和碱的组合物。
当制备农药化合物的农业化学配制剂时,可能遇到不同的问题。一个问题可能是农药活性化合物的稳定性在农业化学配制剂中可能受影响,例如尤其是在储存过程中。缺乏稳定性可能在其中农药化合物以溶解形式存在于配制剂中或者其中农药配制剂含有影响该化合物的稳定性的组分如水或某些表面活性剂/助剂的情况中尤其成问题。因此,已知农业化学配制剂的一个缺点是农药活性成分在农业化学配制剂中潜在更低的稳定性。
因此,本发明的一个目的是要找到一种在农业化学配制剂中稳定该农药且改善、提高和/或延长其在农业化学配制剂中的储存时间的方式。
本发明的目的尤其是要找到一种优选也在升高的温度下在农业化学配制剂中稳定杀虫活性的pyripyropene衍生物的方式。
该目的由一种包含pyripyropene杀虫剂和碱的农业化学组合物实现。
本发明组合物包含式(I)或式(II)的pyripyropene衍生物作为杀虫剂。
式(I)的pyripyropene杀虫剂:
(在下文中也称为“杀虫剂A”)由WO 2009/081851(实施例,化合物4)已知且属于pyripyropene衍生物类别。
WO 2009/081851公开了杀虫剂A的各种农业化学配制剂和用于它的农业化学配制剂的有用添加剂。
EP 2 119 361和EP 1 889 540公开了pyripyropene衍生物的各种农业化学配制剂和用于它的农业化学配制剂的有用添加剂。
式(I)的pyripyropene杀虫剂可以通过WO 2006/129714或EP 2 186815中所述的方法制备。
例如通过Journal of Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry,Japan(1998),第56卷,第6期,第478-488页或WO 94/09417中所述的方法生产的Pyripyropene A(下文为式II)例如可以用作制备其他pyripyropene衍生物的原料。
式II的pyripyropen A(在下文中也称为“杀虫剂B”)对ACAT(酰基-CoA:胆固醇酰基转移酶)具有抑制活性且预期例如用于治疗由胆固醇蓄积诱发的疾病,如日本专利2993767(日本专利公开号360895/1992)和Journal of Antibiotics(1993),46(7),1168-9所述。
此外,Applied and Environmental Microbiology(1995),61(12),4429-35描述了pyripyropene A(“杀虫剂B”)本身对谷实夜蛾(Helicoverpa zea)的幼虫具有杀虫活性。此外,WO 2004/060065描述了pyripyropene A对菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L)幼虫和黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L)具有杀虫活性。
当试图提供pyripyropene衍生物,尤其是式I或II的pyripyropene衍生物的农业化学配制剂时,人们面临几个问题。与式I和II的pyripyropene衍生物相关的一个问题是它们在农业配制剂中的不良稳定性。式I或II化合物缺乏稳定性在其中农药化合物以溶解形式存在于配制剂中或者其中农药配制剂含有影响该化合物的稳定性的组分如水或某些表面活性剂/助剂,如烷氧基化脂族醇的情况中尤其成问题。可能遇到的另一问题是该农药活性化合物的杀虫活性可能在农业化学配制剂中受一定的不利影响。
因此,本发明的一个目的是要找到一种在农业化学配制剂中稳定式I和II的pyripyropene衍生物的方式。本发明的另一目的是要改善pyripyropene衍生物在液体配制剂中的稳定性,其中式II的pyripyropene衍生物以溶解形式存在于例如乳液浓缩物或微乳液中。本发明的又一目的是要提供式I和II的pyripyropene衍生物在含有水或某些表面活性剂/助剂的农业组合物中的稳定性。
改善式I或II的pyripyropene在农业化学配制剂中的杀虫活性是本发明的另一方面。开发包含本身具有有效的杀虫活性的式I或II的pyripyropene的新型害虫防治组合物是合乎需要的。因此,本发明的目的是要找到一种稳定、改善、提高和/或延长式I或II的pyripyropene衍生物的杀虫活性的方式。
这些和其他目的由一种包含式I或II的pyripyropene杀虫剂和至少一种碱的农业化学组合物实现。
本发明还涉及制备和施用该类组合物的方法及其几种用途。具体而言,本发明还涉及一种制备所述组合物的方法,该方法包括使式I或II的pyripyropene杀虫剂与碱接触,尤其是混合。
本发明还涉及一种制备含水桶混物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:a)提供含有式I或II的pyripyropene杀虫剂的组合物;b)提供含有碱的组合物;以及c)使步骤a)和b)的组合物接触并用水稀释。
本发明还涉及一种制备含水桶混物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:a)提供包含式I或II的pyripyropene杀虫剂和碱的组合物以及b′)用水稀释在步骤a)中得到的组合物。
此外,本发明涉及碱在提高式I或II的pyripyropene杀虫剂在农业组合物中的稳定性的用途;以及一种成套包装,其作为分开组分包含组合使用的a)式I或II的pyripyropene和b)助剂。
其他主题是一种保护植物以防止昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使植物或其中植物生长的土壤或水体与所述组合物以杀虫有效量接触;一种防治昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的方法,包括使昆虫、螨虫或线虫或其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与所述组合物以杀虫有效量接触;一种保护植物繁殖材料的方法,包括使植物繁殖材料,优选种子与所述组合物以杀虫有效量接触;最后涉及包含所述组合物的种子。
改善pyripyropene A在农业化学配制剂中的杀虫活性是本发明的另一方面。开发包含作为本身具有有效的杀虫活性的天然衍生杀虫剂的pyripyropene A的新型害虫防治组合物是合乎需要的。因此,本发明的另一目的是要找到一种也稳定杀虫剂B并且提高、改善和/或延长其在农业化学配制剂中的储存时间的方式。
式I或II的杀虫化合物可以以任何方式,例如溶解、悬浮或乳化方式存在于该组合物中。优选它以溶解形式存在。
碱通常是在0.1mol/l的浓度下在20℃的水中pH值至少为7.0,优选至少7.5,尤其是至少8.0的化合物。换言之,碱为其水溶液在0.1mol/l的浓度下在20℃的水中具有的pH值至少为7.0,优选至少7.5,尤其是至少8.0的化合物。所述pH值通常为7.0-14.0,优选7.5-12.0,尤其是8.0-10.0。因此,质子化碱(即共轭酸)的酸度常数pKa在20℃下在水中通常至少为7.0,优选至少8.0,尤其是至少8.5,例如7.0-14,特别是8.0-13.0,尤其是8.5-12.0。
优选该碱在1013毫巴下的沸点为至少40℃,优选至少80℃,尤其是至少150℃。
该碱在20℃下通常具有至少0.1g/l,优选至少1.0g/l,尤其是至少10g/l的水溶解度。
碱的化学类别例如是金属氢氧化物、无机无水碱(anhydrobase)、弱酸的无机盐或者尤其是胺,包括氨和有机胺。
金属氢氧化物的优选实例是在20℃下水溶解度为至少1g/l的水溶性金属氢氧化物。实例是氢氧化钠、氢氧化钡、氢氧化锶或氢氧化钙,优选氢氧化钠和氢氧化钙。
合适的无机无水碱是与水反应同时形成氢氧根离子的无机化合物。无水碱的实例是氧化钡或氧化钙。
弱酸的合适无机盐是碳酸盐和磷酸盐,如碳酸钾、碳酸钠、磷酸三钠。
合适的胺通常是包含至少一个伯、仲和/或叔氨基的有机化合物。优选该胺包含至少一个仲和/或叔氨基。该胺尤其包含至少一个叔氨基。
该胺通常在20℃的水中在0.1mol/l的浓度下具有的pH值为至少7.0(优选至少7.5,尤其是至少8.0)。换言之,碱优选选自其水溶液在20℃的水中在0.1mol/l的浓度下具有的pH值为至少7.0,优选至少7.5,尤其是至少8.0的那些胺。所述pH值通常为7.0-14.0,优选7.5-12.0,尤其是8.0-10.0。优选的胺是如下那些,其中共轭铵离子在20℃下在水中的酸度常数pKa通常为至少7.0,优选至少8.0,尤其是至少8.5,例如7.0-14,特别是8.0-13.0,尤其是8.5-12.0。
该胺在1013毫巴下的沸点通常为至少40℃,优选至少80℃,尤其是至少150℃。优选该胺不含芳族基团。
该胺通常在20℃下具有至少0.1g/l,优选至少1.0g/l,尤其是至少10g/l的水溶解度。
胺的实例是氨(NH3),2-(2-氨基乙氧基)乙醇(DGA),二甲胺(DMA),N-氨基丙基吗啉(APM),四亚乙基五胺(TEPA),二亚丙基三胺,二亚乙基三胺(DETA),四(2-羟基丙基)乙二胺(Quadrol),三乙醇胺(TEA),六亚甲基二胺,Jeffamine D-230,三异丙醇胺(TIPA),六亚甲基四胺,二乙基乙醇胺(DEEA),DMF-DMA,2-(二乙氨基)乙基胺,2-苯基乙基胺,3-(2-乙基己氧基)丙基胺,3-乙氧基丙基胺,3-甲氧基丙基胺,丁基胺,环己基胺,二-2-乙基己基胺(DEHA),二丁基胺,二乙基胺(DEA),二乙基胺(DEA),二丙基胺,二亚丙基三胺,二-十三烷基胺(DTD胺),己基胺,异丙基胺,五甲基二亚乙基三胺(PM-DETA),甲氧基异丙基胺,N,N-二-3-氨基丙基甲基胺(BAPMA),N,N-二甲基异丙基胺,N-乙基二异丙基胺,N-辛基胺,3-(2-氨基乙基氨基)丙基胺(N3-胺),丙基胺,三丁基胺,十三烷基胺,三丙基胺,三-(2-乙基己基)胺(TEHA),叔丁基胺(t-BA),二异丙醇胺(DIPA),N,N-二甲基乙醇胺,N,N-二甲基异丙醇胺,N-甲基乙醇胺(NMEA),N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA),2,6-二甲代苯胺,双氰胺(Dicykan),苄基胺,二甲基环己基胺(DMCHA),N,N-二甲基苄基胺(DMBA),N-(2-羟基乙基)苯胺,邻甲苯胺,乙基-(2-羟基乙基)苯胺,1,2-丙二胺(1,2-PDA),1,3-二氨基丙烷(DAP),二甲基双氰胺(DMDC),3-氨基丙基二甘醇(单-TTD),4,7,10-三氧杂十三烷-1,13-二胺(TTD),4,9-二氧杂十二烷,1,12-二胺(DODA),二甲氨基丙基胺(DMAPA),乙二胺(EDA),异佛尔酮二胺,三亚乙基二胺(TEDA),二(2-二甲氨基乙基)醚(BDMAEE),N-(2-氨基乙基)乙醇胺(AEE),N-乙基哌嗪,2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺,哌嗪,二乙醇胺(DEA),N-乙基乙醇胺(EEA),单乙醇胺(MEOA),N-(2-氨基乙基)乙醇胺,聚醚胺D 2000(PEA D 2000),聚醚胺D400(PEA D 2000),聚醚胺T403,1-甲基咪唑,1-乙烯基咪唑,2-乙基咪唑,2-甲基咪唑,咪唑,1,2-二甲基咪唑,吗啉,吡咯烷,二异丙醇对甲苯胺(PIIPT),异丙醇胺,2,2′-二吗啉基二乙基醚(DMDEE),N-乙基吗啉(NEM),N-甲基吗啉,二甲氨基乙氧基乙醇(DMEE),N,N′-二甲基哌嗪,三甲基氨基乙基乙醇胺(TMAEEA),S-三嗪,1,8-二氮杂双环-5,4,0-十一碳烯-7,N-(3-氨基丙基)咪唑,N-丁基乙醇胺(BEA),3-((2-羟基乙基)氨基)丙醇,3-氨基-1-丙醇,3-二甲氨基丙-1-醇,氨基乙基乙醇胺(AEEA),M-甲基吗啉氧化物(NMMO),N-氨基乙基哌嗪(AEP),二甲基哌嗪(DMP),甲氧基丙基胺(MOPA),四甲基二(氨基乙基)醚(ZF-20),N,N-二甲基-2(2-氨基乙氧基)乙醇(ZR-70),五甲基二亚丙基三胺(ZR-40),四甲基二亚丙基三胺(Z-130),苄基二甲基胺(BDMA),三亚乙基四胺(TETA),JeffamineD-400,单异丙醇胺(MIPA)。
其他合适的胺是包含烷氧基化氨基的胺。优选烷氧基化C8-24脂肪胺,尤其是乙氧基化C12-20脂肪胺。
实例是乙氧基化椰油胺,POE2(AgniqueCAM-2),乙氧基化椰油胺,POE 10(AgniqueCAM-10),乙氧基化椰油胺,POE 15(AgniqueCAM-15),乙氧基化椰油胺,POE 20(AgniqueCAM-20),乙氧基化油胺,POE 30(AgniqueOAM-30),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 5(AgniqueTAM-5),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 10(AgniqueTAM-10),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 15(AgniquTAM-15),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 20(AgniqueTAM-20),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 50(AgniqueTAM-50),乙氧基化硬脂胺,POE 50(AgniqueSAM-50)。Agnique产品系列购自Cognis。
合适的有机胺尤其是式III的那些:
其中
R1为H、C1-C4烷基或基团(A-O)nH,尤其是式(A-O)nH的基团,
A为C2-C4亚烷基,尤其是1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基,
m为1-100,尤其是1-50的整数,若R1、R2中至少一个,尤其是R1和R2不为H,则m还可以为0;
n为1-100的整数,尤其是1-50,
R2为H、C1-C30烷基、C2-C30链烯基或式-[A′-N(R3)]k-A′-NR4R5的基团,
其中
A′为C2-C4亚烷基,尤其是1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基或1,4-亚丁基,
k为0-10的整数,尤其是0、1或2,
R3为H、C1-C4烷基或基团(A-O)nH,尤其是基团(A-O)nH,
R4为H、C1-C4烷基或基团(A-O)nH,尤其是基团(A-O)nH,和
R5为H、C1-C4烷基或基团(A-O)nH,尤其是基团(A-O)nH,或
NR4R5表示N-键合的吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基或吗啉基。
这里和下文中,下标Cn-Cm表示相应基团的可能碳原子数范围。因此,C1-C30烷基为具有1-30个碳原子的线性或支化烷基。同样,C2-C30链烯基为具有1-30个碳原子的线性或支化脂族基团,其具有至少一个,例如1、2或3个C=C双键。C1-C4烷基为具有1-4个碳原子的线性或支化烷基,实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、2-丁基、异丁基(=2-甲基丙-1-基)或叔丁基(=2-甲基丙-2-基)。C2-C4亚烷基为具有2-4个碳原子的线性或支化二价烷基,实例包括1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基、1,2-亚丁基、1,3-亚丁基、1,1-二甲基-1,2-亚乙基、1,2-二甲基-1,2-亚乙基或1,4-亚丁基。
在式III的胺中,优选如下那些,其中m为1-100,尤其是1-50,并且R1为式(A-O)nH的基团,其中n为1-50,尤其是1-50。
在式III的胺中,优选如下那些,其中R2为C5-C30烷基、C5-C30链烯基或式-[A′-N(R3)]k-A′-NR4R5的基团,其中A′为C2-C4亚烷基,尤其是1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基或1,4-亚丁基,k为0-10的整数,尤其是0、1或2,R3、R4和R5相互独立地选自H、C1-C4烷基和基团(A-O)nH,尤其是基团(A-O)nH,其中A和n如上所定义且其中n尤其为1-50以及其中A尤其为1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基。
在式III的胺中,特别优选如下那些,其中R2为C5-C30烷基或C5-C30链烯基,尤其是C8-C24烷基或C8-C24链烯基,m为1-50,尤其是2-50,并且R2为式(A-O)nH的基团,其中A和n如上所定义且其中n尤其为1-50,尤其是2-50以及其中A尤其为1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基。
在式III的胺中,同样优选如下那些,其中R2为式-[A′-N(R3)]k-A′-NR4R5的基团,其中A′为C2-C4亚烷基,尤其是1,2-亚乙基、1,2-亚丙基、1,3-亚丙基或1,4-亚丁基,k如上所定义,尤其是0、1或2,R3、R4和R5相互独立地选自H、C1-C4烷基和基团(A-O)nH,尤其是基团(A-O)nH,其中A和n如上所定义并且其中n尤其为1-10以及其中A尤其为1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基,m为1-50,尤其是1-10以及R2为式(A-O)nH的基团,其中A和n如上所定义并且其中n尤其为1-10以及其中A尤其为1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基。
特别优选的碱是含有至少一个仲和/或叔氨基的胺,尤其是含有至少一个叔氨基的那些胺,以及包含烷氧基化氨基的胺,尤其是式III的那些,优选烷氧基化C8-24脂族胺,尤其是式III的那些,其中R2为C8-C24烷基或C8-C24链烯基,尤其是C10-C22烷基或C10-C22链烯基,m为1-50,尤其是2-50,并且R2为式(A-O)nH的基团,其中A和n如上所定义并且其中n尤其为1-50,尤其是2-50以及其中A尤其为1,2-亚乙基或1,2-亚丙基。该类脂肪胺的实例包括乙氧基化椰油胺,POE 2(AgniqueCAM-2),乙氧基化椰油胺,POE 10(AgniqueCAM-10),乙氧基化椰油胺,POE15(AgniqueCAM-15),乙氧基化椰油胺,POE 20(AgniqueCAM-20),乙氧基化油胺,POE 30(AgniqueOAM-30),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE5(AgniqueTAM-5),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 10(AgniqueTAM-10),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 15(AgniquTAM-15),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE20(AgniqueTAM-20),乙氧基化牛脂胺,POE 50(AgniqueTAM-50),乙氧基化硬脂胺,POE 50(AgniqueSAM-50)。
碱在本发明组合物中的浓度优选选自在将该组合物在水中稀释至1.0重量%的浓度之后得到至少6.0的pH(通常在20℃下测量)的范围。换言之,碱在本发明组合物中的浓度优选以使得在将该组合物在水中稀释至1.0重量%的浓度(配制剂在水中的量)时该含水稀释液得到的pH值为至少6.0,尤其是至少7.0,例如pH为6.0-13.0,尤其是7.0-12.0(在20℃下测量)的方式选择。专家可以容易地对该浓度进行相应调节,例如借助标准pH计。当他发现pH在6.0以下时,他可以简单地提高碱的浓度。当他发现pH太高时,则可以简单地降低碱的浓度。优选碱在该组合物中的浓度基于该组合物的重量为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.2-5重量%。
本文所用术语重量%必须理解为重量%。
在本发明的特殊实施方案中,该组合物包含至少一种助剂,尤其是至少一种烷氧基化脂族醇。若本发明组合物包含至少一种助剂,则该助剂在该组合物中的浓度基于该组合物通常为至少10重量%,例如10-70重量%,优选至少15重量%,尤其是15-50重量%。
合适的助剂是所有这类已知材料且对专家而言例如由Hazen,WeedTechnology,2000,14,773-784“Adjuvants-terminology,classification andchemistry”已知。实例是润湿-铺展助剂,粘着剂助剂,湿润剂(humectant),或渗透剂。其他实例是表面活性剂(例如非离子性、阴离子性、阳离子性或两性)、润湿剂(wetting agent)、铺展剂、粘着剂、湿润剂、渗透剂(penetrationagent)(例如石蜡或植物衍生的作物油浓缩物,phytobland油,可乳化作物油,植物油浓缩物,改性植物油)。上述术语的定义和实例给于Hazen(2000)中。
在本发明的特殊实施方案中,该组合物除了式I或II化合物和碱外还包含至少一种烷氧基化脂族醇,下文也称为烷氧基化物。烷氧基化脂族醇所基于的脂族醇可以是线性或支化的。烷氧基化脂族醇所基于的脂族醇可以具有5-36个碳原子,优选10-32个碳原子,更优选14-26个碳原子,尤其是15-20个碳原子。还可以使用在烷氧基化脂族醇所基于的脂族醇的脂族基团中具有不同碳原子数的烷氧基化脂族醇的混合物。烷氧基化脂族醇所基于的脂族醇优选为线性脂族醇,尤其是具有14-22个碳原子或16-20个碳原子的线性脂族醇。
就烷氧基化脂族醇而言的烷氧基化是指脂族醇的OH结构部分已经被为同义词的聚氧化烯或聚氧化烯结构部分替代。就本发明而言,聚氧化烯为由氧化烯重复单元A-O构成的脂族聚醚基团,其中A为亚烷基,尤其是C2-C5亚烷基。就本发明而言,聚氧化烯优选为聚-C2-C5氧化烯结构部分,更优选聚-C2-C4氧化烯结构部分,尤其是聚-C2-C3氧化烯结构部分,例如聚氧乙烯结构部分、聚氧丙烯结构部分、聚(氧化乙烯-co-氧化丙烯)结构部分、聚(氧化乙烯-co-氧化丁烯)结构部分或聚(氧化乙烯-co-氧化戊烯)结构部分。聚氧化烯基团中的氧化烯重复单元的数目通常为1-100或2-100,优选5-40,更优选10-30,尤其是12-20。
在特别优选的实施方案中,烷氧基化脂族醇(烷氧基化物)选自式(IV)的烷氧基化醇:
Ra-O-(CmH2mO)x-(CnH2nO)y-(CpH2pO)z-Rb (IV)
其中
Ra表示C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基,或其混合物,优选线性C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基,或其混合物,尤其是线性C14-C36烷基、C14-C36链烯基,或其混合物,或线性C14-C26烷基、C14-C26链烯基,或其混合物,更优选线性C14-C22烷基、或其混合物,尤其是线性C16-C20烷基、或其混合物;
Rb表示H或C1-C12烷基,特别是H或C1-C4烷基,优选H或甲基,尤其是H;
m、n、p相互独立地表示2-16,优选2-5,更优选2、3或2和3的整数(尤其是2和3);
x、y、z相互独立地表示0-100,优选0-30,更优选0-20的数;以及
x+y+z对应于1-100,优选5-40,更优选10-30,尤其是12-20的值。
Ra可以为线性或支化的,优选它为线性的。Ra可以是饱和的或不饱和的,优选它是饱和的。Ra可以被取代或未被取代,优选它未被取代。优选Ra表示线性C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基,或其混合物。具体而言,Ra表示线性C14-C36烷基、C14-C36链烯基,或其混合物,尤其是线性C14-C26烷基、C14-C26链烯基,或其混合物。更优选Ra表示线性C14-C22烷基,或其混合物。尤其优选Ra表示线性C16-C20烷基,或其混合物。
Rb优选表示H或甲基,尤其是H。
优选m、n、p相互独立地表示2-5的整数,更优选2、3或2和3(尤其是2和3)。
优选x、y、z相互独立地表示0-30,更优选0-20的数。优选x+y+z对应于5-40,更优选10-30,尤其是12-20的值。
根据特殊实施方案,使用其中m=2且x的值大于0的式(IV)的醇烷氧基化物。此时这涉及属于EO类型的醇烷氧基化物,尤其是醇乙氧基化物(m=2;x>0;y,z=0)和EO嵌段键合于醇部分的醇烷氧基化物(m=2;x>0;y和/或z>0)。在EO嵌段键合于醇部分的醇烷氧基化物中,尤其可以提及EO-PO嵌段烷氧基化物(m=2;x>0;y>0;n=3;z=0),EO-PeO嵌段烷氧基化物(m=2;x>0;y>0;n=5;z=0)和EO-PO-EO嵌段烷氧基化物(m,p=2;x,z>0;y>0;n=3)。尤其优选EO-PO嵌段烷氧基化物(m=2;x>0;y>0;n=3;z=0)。
这里和下文中,EO表示CH2CH2O。PO表示CH(CH3)CH2O或CH2CH(CH3)O。BuO表示CH(C2H5)CH2O、C(CH3)2CH2O、CH2C(CH3)2O,CH(CH3)CH(CH3)O或CH2CH(C2H5)O且PeO表示(C5H10O)。
在式(IV)的烷氧基化醇中,优选其中EO与PO(x与y)之比为10:1-1:10,优选1:1-1:12,尤其是1:2-1:8的EO-PO嵌段烷氧基化物。就此而言,乙氧基化程度(x的值)通常为1-20,优选2-15,尤其是2-10,并且丙氧基化程度(y的值)通常为1-30,优选4-20,尤其是8-16。总的烷氧基化程度,即EO和PO单元的总和通常为2-50,优选4-30,尤其是6-20。
此外,在式(IV)的烷氧基化醇中,优选其中EO与PeO(x与y)之比为2:1-25:1,尤其是4:1-15:1的EO-PeO嵌段烷氧基化物。就此而言,乙氧基化程度(x的值)通常为1-50,优选4-25,尤其是6-15,并且戊氧基化程度(y的值)通常为0.5-20,优选0.5-4,尤其是0.5-2。总的烷氧基化程度,即EO和PeO单元的总和通常为1.5-70,优选4.5-29,尤其是6.5-17。
根据另一特殊实施方案,使用其中n=2,x和y的值均大于0且z=0的式(IV)的醇烷氧基化物。此时这些也为EO类型的醇烷氧基化物,但其中EO嵌段键合在端部。这些尤其包括PO-EO嵌段烷氧基化物(n=2;x>0;y>0;m=3;z=0)和PeO-EO嵌段烷氧基化物(n=2;x>0;y>0;m=5;z=0)。
在式(IV)的烷氧基化醇中,优选其中PO与EO(x与y)之比为1:10-10:1,优选12:1-1:1,尤其是2:1-8:1的PO-EO嵌段烷氧基化物。就此而言,乙氧基化程度(y的值)通常为1-20,优选2-15,尤其是2-10。丙氧基化程度(x的值)通常为0.5-30,优选4-20,尤其是6-16。总的烷氧基化程度,即EO和PO单元的总和通常为1.5-50,优选2.5-30,尤其是8-20。
此外,在式(IV)的烷氧基化醇中,优选其中PeO与EO(x与y)之比为1:50-1:3,尤其是1:25-1:5的PeO-EO嵌段烷氧基化物。就此而言,戊氧基化程度(x的值)通常为0.5-20,优选0.5-4,尤其是0.5-2,并且乙氧基化程度(y的值)通常为3-50,优选4-25,尤其是5-15。总的烷氧基化程度,即EO和PeO单元的总和通常为3.5-70,优选4.5-45,尤其是5.5-17。
根据另一特殊实施方案,使用其中x、y和z的值全部大于0的式(IV)的醇烷氧基化物。这些尤其包括PeO-EO-PO嵌段烷氧基化物(m=5;x>0;n=2;y>0;m=3;z>0)。
在尤其优选的实施方案中,该烷氧基化物选自式(IV)的烷氧基化醇,其中
Ra表示线性C12-C22烷基,尤其是线性C10-C20烷基,或其混合物;
Rb表示H或C1-C4烷基、优选H或甲基,尤其是H;
m、n、p相互独立地表示2-5,优选2-3的整数;
x、y、z相互独立地表示0-50的数;以及
x+y+z对应于5-50,优选8-25的值。
该烷氧基化物的浸渍润湿力通常为至少120秒,优选至少180s,尤其是至少220s。该润湿力通常根据DIN 1772在室温和1g/l下在2g/l碳酸钠中分析。
该烷氧基化物的表面张力通常为至少30mN/m,优选至少31mN/m,尤其是至少32mN/m。进一步地,表面张力优选为30-40mN/m,尤其是30-35mN/m.表面张力可以根据DIN 14370在室温和1g/L下分析。
优选该烷氧基化物的浸渍润湿力为至少120s且表面张力为至少30mN/m。更优选该烷氧基化物的浸渍润湿力为至少180s且表面张力为30-40mN/m。
烷氧基化物是已知的且可以通过已知方法如WO 98/35553、WO00/35278或EP 0 681 865制备。许多烷氧基化物可市购,例如由Croda市购的Atplus242、Atplus245、AtplusMBA 1303,由BASF SE市购的PlurafacLF类型,由Cognis市购的AgniqueBP 24-24、AgniqueBP24-36、AgniqueBP 24-45、AgniqueBP 24-54、AgniqueBP24-52R。
特别优选的本发明组合物(最优选呈乳液浓缩物形式)基于该组合物通常包含至少10重量%,例如10-70重量%,优选至少15重量%,尤其是15-50重量%烷氧基化物。
在本发明的优选组合物中,烷氧基化脂族醇(烷氧基化物)或不同烷氧基化醇的混合物可以为唯一助剂。然而,还优选将烷氧基化脂族醇,尤其是式(IV)的烷氧基化脂族醇与不同助剂组合。在包含至少一种烷氧基化脂族醇和至少一种与其不同的助剂的本发明优选组合物(优选呈乳液浓缩物形式)中,助剂的总量基于该组合物通常为至少10重量%,例如10-70重量%,优选至少15重量%,尤其是15-50重量%。
本发明组合物可以以固体或液体形式存在,优选以液体形式(如含水或非水)存在。该组合物通常配制成农业化学配制剂。常见配制剂类型的实例给于下文中。在该组合物中,该杀虫剂可以以任何形式存在,如溶解、悬浮或乳化。优选式I或II的杀虫剂化合物以溶解形式或以悬浮形式存在于该组合物中。具体而言,式I或II的杀虫剂化合物和碱的组合物为溶液或悬浮液或乳液形式的液体组合物,其中式I或II的杀虫剂化合物以溶解形式或者以悬浮颗粒形式或者以含有呈溶解形式的杀虫剂化合物的乳化液滴形式存在。
本发明组合物还可以包含农业化学配制剂中常见的助剂。所用助剂取决于特定施用形式和活性物质。合适的助剂实例是溶剂,固体载体,分散剂或乳化剂(如其他加溶剂、保护性胶体、表面活性剂和粘附剂),有机和无机增稠剂,杀菌剂,防冻剂,消泡剂,合适的话着色剂和增粘剂或粘合剂(例如用于种子处理配制剂)。
合适的溶剂是水,有机溶剂如中至高沸点的矿物油馏分,如煤油或柴油,此外还有煤焦油和植物或动物来源的油,脂族、环状和芳族烃类,例如甲苯、二甲苯、石蜡、四氢化萘、烷基化萘或其衍生物,醇如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇和环己醇,二醇,酮如环己酮和γ-丁内酯,脂肪酸二甲基酰胺,脂肪酸和脂肪酸酯以及强极性溶剂,例如胺类如N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
固体载体为矿土如硅酸盐、硅胶、滑石、高岭土、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;磨碎的合成材料;肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲类;以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其他固体载体。
合适的表面活性剂(助剂、润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂)是芳族磺酸如木素磺酸(类型,挪威Borregaard)、苯酚磺酸、萘磺酸(类型,Akzo Nobel,USA)和二丁基萘磺酸(类型,德国BASF)以及脂肪酸的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐和铵盐,烷基磺酸盐,烷基芳基磺酸盐,烷基硫酸盐,月桂基醚硫酸盐,脂肪醇硫酸盐,以及硫酸化十六-、十七-和十八烷醇的盐,硫酸化脂肪醇乙二醇醚,此外还有萘或萘磺酸与苯酚和甲醛的缩合物,聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚,乙氧基化异辛基酚、辛基酚、壬基酚,烷基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三丁基苯基聚乙二醇醚,三硬脂基苯基聚乙二醇醚,烷基芳基聚醚醇,醇和脂肪醇/氧化乙烯缩合物,乙氧基化蓖麻油,聚氧乙烯烷基醚,乙氧基化聚氧丙烯,月桂醇聚乙二醇醚缩醛,山梨醇酯,木素亚硫酸盐废液,以及蛋白质,变性蛋白,多糖(例如甲基纤维素),疏水改性淀粉,聚乙烯醇(类型,瑞士Clariant),聚羧酸盐(类型,德国BASF),聚烷氧基化物,聚乙烯胺(类型,德国BASF),聚乙烯吡咯烷酮及其共聚物。
增稠剂(即赋予配制剂以改性的流动性能,即静止状态下的高粘度和搅动过程中的低粘度的化合物)的实例是多糖以及有机和无机粘土如黄原胶(CP Kelco,USA),23(法国Rhodia),(R.T.Vanderbilt,USA)或(Engelhard Corp.,NJ,USA)。可以加入杀菌剂来保存和稳定该配制剂。合适杀菌剂的实例是基于双氯酚和苄醇半缩甲醛的那些(ICI的或Thor Chemie的RS和Rohm&Haas的MK),以及异噻唑啉酮衍生物如烷基异噻唑啉酮类和苯并异噻唑啉酮类(Thor Chemie的MBS)。合适防冻剂的实例是乙二醇、丙二醇、尿素和甘油。消泡剂的实例是聚硅氧烷乳液(例如SRE,德国Wacker或法国Rhodia),长链醇,脂肪酸,脂肪酸盐,有机氟化合物及其混合物。合适的着色剂是低水溶性颜料和水溶性染料。可以提到的实例是以下列名称已知的那些:若丹明B、C.I.颜料红112、C.I.溶剂红1、颜料蓝15:4、颜料蓝15:3、颜料蓝15:2、颜料蓝15:1、颜料蓝80、颜料黄1、颜料黄13、颜料红112、颜料红48:2、颜料红48:1、颜料红57:1、颜料红53:1、颜料橙43、颜料橙34、颜料橙5、颜料绿36、颜料绿7、颜料白6、颜料棕25、碱性紫10、碱性紫49、酸性红51、酸性红52、酸性红14、酸性蓝9、酸性黄23、碱性红10、碱性红108。增粘剂或粘合剂的实例是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和纤维素醚(日本Shin-Etsu)。
粉末、撒播材料和粉剂可以通过将各化合物-本发明混合物中存在的相应活性化合物以及合适的话其他活性物质与至少一种固体载体混合或同时研磨而制备。颗粒如涂覆颗粒、浸渍颗粒和均质颗粒可以通过将活性物质与固体载体粘附而制备。固体载体的实例为矿土如硅胶、硅酸盐、滑石、高岭土、活性粘土(attaclay)、石灰石、石灰、白垩、红玄武土、黄土、粘土、白云石、硅藻土、硫酸钙、硫酸镁、氧化镁;磨碎的合成材料;肥料如硫酸铵、磷酸铵、硝酸铵、脲类;以及植物来源的产品如谷粉、树皮粉、木粉和坚果壳粉,纤维素粉和其他固体载体。
本发明组合物的农业化学配制剂类型实例是:
1.用水稀释的组合物类型
i)水溶性浓缩物(SL,LS)
将10重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)溶于90重量份水或水溶性溶剂中。作为替换,加入润湿剂或其他助剂。活性物质在用水稀释时溶解。以此方式得到活性物质含量为10重量%的配制剂。
ii)分散性浓缩物(DC)
将20重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)溶于70重量份环己酮中并加入10重量份分散剂如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。用水稀释得到分散体。活性物质含量为20重量%。
iii)可乳化浓缩物(EC)
将15重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)溶于75重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下5重量份)。用水稀释得到乳液。该组合物的活性物质含量为15重量%。
iv)乳液(EW,EO,ES)
将25重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)溶于35重量份二甲苯中并加入十二烷基苯磺酸钙和蓖麻油乙氧基化物(在每种情况下5重量份)。借助乳化机(Ultraturrax)将该混合物引入30重量份水中并制成均相乳液。用水稀释得到乳液。该组合物的活性物质含量为25重量%。
v)悬浮液(SC,OD,FS)
在搅拌的球磨机中将20重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)粉碎并加入10重量份分散剂和润湿剂以及70重量份水或有机溶剂,得到细碎活性物质悬浮液。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质悬浮液。该组合物的活性物质含量为20重量%。
vi)水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG,SG)
将50重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)细碎研磨并加入50重量份分散剂和润湿剂,借助工业装置(例如挤出机、喷雾塔、流化床)将其制成水分散性或水溶性颗粒。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质分散体或溶液。该组合物的活性物质含量为50重量%。
vii)水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP,SP,SS,WS)
将75重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)在转子-定子磨机中研磨并加入25重量份分散剂、润湿剂和硅胶。用水稀释得到稳定的活性物质分散体或溶液。该组合物的活性物质含量为75重量%。
viii)凝胶(GF)
在搅拌的球磨机中研磨20重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)并加入10重量份分散剂、1重量份胶凝剂润湿剂和70重量份水或有机溶剂而得到活性物质的精细悬浮液。用水稀释得到活性物质的稳定悬浮液,由此得到活性物质含量为20%(重量)的组合物。
2.不经稀释施用的组合物类型
ix)可撒粉粉末(DP,DS)
将5重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)细碎研磨并与95重量份细碎高岭土充分混合。这得到活性物质含量为5重量%的可撒粉组合物。
x)颗粒(GR,FG,GG,MG)
将0.5重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)细碎研磨并结合99.5重量份载体。常见方法是挤出、喷雾干燥或流化床方法。这得到活性物质含量为0.5重量%的不经稀释施用的颗粒。
xi)ULV溶液(UL)
将10重量份活性物质(例如杀虫剂A)溶于90重量份有机溶剂如二甲苯中。这得到活性物质含量为10重量%的不经稀释施用的组合物。
农业化学配制剂通常包含0.01-95重量%,优选0.1-90重量%,最优选0.5-90重量%活性物质。杀虫剂A以90-100%,优选95-100%的纯度(根据NMR光谱)使用。
本发明组合物可以直接使用或者以其农业化学配制剂形式(例如以可直接喷雾溶液、粉末、悬浮液、分散体、乳液、油分散体、糊、可撒粉产品、撒播用材料或颗粒形式)通过喷雾、雾化、撒粉、撒播、涂敷、浸渍或浇灌来施用。施用形式完全取决于意欲的目的;意欲在每种情况下确保本发明组合物中存在的化合物的最佳可能分布。
含水施用形式可通过加入水由乳液浓缩物、糊或可湿性粉末(可喷雾粉末、油分散体)制备。为制备乳液、糊或油分散体,可借助润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂将该物质直接或溶于油或溶剂中后在水中均化。或者可以制备由活性物质、润湿剂、增粘剂、分散剂或乳化剂以及合适的话溶剂或油构成的浓缩物且该类浓缩物适于用水稀释。
即用制剂中的活性物质浓度可以在较宽范围内变化。它们通常为0.0001-10重量%,优选0.001-1重量%本发明组合物的化合物。
本发明组合物的各化合物也可成功用于超低容量法(ULV),其中可以施用包含超过95重量%活性物质的组合物,或甚至施用不含添加剂的活性物质。
可以向活性化合物中加入各种类型的油、润湿剂、辅助剂、除草剂、杀真菌剂、其他杀虫剂或杀菌剂,合适的话在紧临使用前加入(桶混合)。这些试剂可以以1:100-100:1,优选1:10-10:1的重量比与本发明组合物的化合物混合。
本发明组合物还可以含有肥料如硝酸铵、尿素、钾碱和和过磷酸钙,植物毒素和植物生长调节剂及安全剂。这些可以与上述组合物依次或结合使用,合适的话还在紧临使用前加入(桶混物)。例如可以在用肥料处理之前或之后用本发明组合物喷雾植物。
本发明组合物的各化合物可以单独使用或者已经部分或完全相互混合以制备本发明组合物。还可以将它们作为结合组合物如成套包装来包装和进一步使用。在本发明的一个实施方案中,成套包装作为分开组分包含组合使用的a)杀虫剂和b)碱。该成套包装可以包括一种或多种(包括所有)可以用于制备本发明农业化学组合物的组分。在其中两种以上组分提供在成套包装中的那些实施方案中,各组分可能已经相互组合并直接包装在单独容器如罐、瓶、桶、袋、囊或箱中。在其他实施方案中,成套包装的两种或更多种组分可以分开包装,即不预配制。这样,成套包装可以包含一个或多个分开的容器如罐、瓶、桶、袋、囊或箱,其中各容器含有农业化学组合物的单独组分。在两种形式中,成套包装的某一组分可以与其他组分分开或一起或者作为本发明结合组合物的组分用于制备本发明组合物。
用户通常将本发明组合物用于前剂量装置、小背包喷雾器、喷雾罐或喷雾飞机。这里将农业化学组合物用水和/或缓冲剂配成所需施用浓度,其中合适的话可以加入其他助剂,从而得到即用喷雾液或本发明农业化学组合物。每公顷农业利用区通常施用50-500升,优选100-400升即用喷雾液。
本发明进一步涉及一种保护植物以防昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,该方法包括使植物或者其中植物生长的土壤或水体与本发明组合物以杀虫有效量接触。
本发明进一步涉及一种防治昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的方法,该方法包括使昆虫、螨虫或线虫或其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与本发明组合物以杀虫有效量接触。
本发明组合物对选自下列目的动物害虫(例如昆虫、螨虫或线虫)显示出显著的作用:
鳞翅目昆虫(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)),例如小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)、黄地老虎(Agrotis segetum)、木棉虫(Alabama argillacea)、黎豆夜蛾(Anticarsia gemmatalis)、Argyresthia conjugella、叉纹夜蛾(Autographagamma)、树尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、Cacoecia murinana、Capuareticulana、Cheimatobia brumata、云杉色卷蛾(Choristoneurafumiferana)、Choristoneura occidentalis、二化螟(Cirphis unipuncta)、苹果小卷蛾(Cydia pomonella)、松毛虫(Dendrolimus pini)、Diaphanianitidalis、西南玉米杆草螟(Diatraea grandiosella)、埃及钻夜蛾(Eariasinsulana)、南美玉米苗斑螟(Elasmopalpus lignosellus)、女贞细卷蛾(Eupoecilia ambiguella)、Evetria bouliana、Feltia subterranea、蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、李小食心虫(Grapholitha funebrana)、梨小食心虫(Grapholitha molesta)、棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera)、烟芽夜蛾(Heliothisvirescens)、玉米穗虫(Heliothis zea)、菜螟(Hellula undalis)、Hiberniadefoliaria、美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutamalinellus)、番茄虫蛾(Keiferia lycopersicella)、Lambdina fiscellaria、甜菜夜蛾(Laphygma exigua)、咖啡潜叶蛾(Leucoptera coffeella)、旋纹潜蛾(Leucoptera scitella)、Lithocolletis blancardella、葡萄浆果小卷蛾(Lobesia botrana)、甜菜网螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、舞毒蛾(Lymantriadispar)、模毒蛾(Lymantria monacha)、桃潜蛾(Lyonetia clerkella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosoma neustria)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、黄杉毒蛾(Orgyia pseudotsugata)、玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis)、小眼夜蛾(Panolisflammea)、棉花红铃虫(Pectinophora gossypiella)、疆夜蛾(Peridromasaucia)、圆掌舟蛾(Phalera bucephala)、马铃薯麦蛾(Phthorimaeaoperculella)、柑桔潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、欧洲粉蝶(Pierisbrassicae)、苜蓿绿夜蛾(Plathypena scabra)、菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、大豆夜蛾(Pseudoplusia includens)、Rhyacionia frustrana、Scrobipalpulaabsoluta、麦蛾(Sitotroga cerealella)、葡萄卷叶蛾(Sparganothispilleriana)、草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、海灰翅夜蛾(Spodopteralittoralis)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)、Thaumatopoea pityocampa、绿色橡木飞蛾(Tortrix viridana)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)和Zeirapheracanadensis;
甲虫(鞘翅目(Coleoptera)),例如梨窄吉丁(Agrilus sinuatus)、直条叩头虫(Agriotes lineatus)、暗色叩头虫(Agriotes obscurus)、Amphimallussolstitialis、Anisandrus dispar、墨西哥棉铃象(Anthonomus grandis)、苹花象(Anthonomus pomorum)、Aphthona euphoridae、Athoushaemorrhoidalis、甜菜隐食甲(Atomaria linearis)、纵坑切梢小蠹(Blastophagus piniperda)、Blitophaga undata、蚕豆象(Bruchusrufimanus)、豌豆象(Bruchus pisorum)、欧洲兵豆象(Bruchus lentis)、苹卷象(Byctiscus betulae)、甜菜大龟甲(Cassida nebulosa)、Cerotomatrifurcata、金花金龟(Cetonia aurata)、白菜籽龟象(Ceuthorrhynchusassimilis)、芫菁龟象(Ceuthorrhynchus napi)、甜菜胫跳甲(Chaetocnematibialis)、Conoderus vespertinus、石刁柏负泥虫(Crioceris asparagi)、Ctenicera ssp.、长角叶甲(Diabrotica longicornis)、Diabroticasemipunctata、Diabrotica12-punctata、南美叶甲(Diabrotica speciosa)、玉米根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、烟草跳甲(Epitrix hirtipennis)、棉灰蒙象变种(Eutinobothrusbrasiliensis)、欧洲松树皮象(Hylobius abietis)、埃及苜蓿叶象(Hyperabrunneipennis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、云杉八齿小蠹(Ipstypographus)、烟草负泥虫(Lema bilineata)、黑角负泥虫(Lemamelanopus)、马铃薯叶甲(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、Limoniuscalifornicus、稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)、Melanotuscommunis、油菜露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、大栗鳃金龟(Melolonthahippocastani)、五月鳃金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)、葡萄黑耳喙象(Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus)、草莓根象甲(Otiorrhynchus ovatus)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)、梨树叶象(Phyllobius pyri)、Phyllotreta chrysocephala、食叶鳃金龟属(Phyllophagasp.)、庭园发丽金龟(Phyllopertha horticola)、大豆淡足跳甲(Phyllotretanemorum)、黄曲条菜跳甲(Phyllotreta striolata)、日本金龟子(Popilliajaponica)、豌豆叶象(Sitona lineatus)和谷象(Sitophilus granaria),
蝇、蚊(双翅目(Diptera)),例如埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti)、白纹伊蚊(Aedes albopictus)、剌扰伊蚊(Aedes vexans)、墨西哥果蝇(Anastrephaludens)、五斑按蚊(Anopheles maculipennis)、Anopheles crucians、白足按蚊(Anopheles albimanus)、冈比亚按蚊(Anopheles gambiae)、Anopheles freeborni、海南岛白踝按蚊(Anopheles leucosphyrus)、云南微小按蚊(Anopheles minimus)、四斑按蚊(Anopheles quadrimaculatus)、红头丽蝇(Calliphora vicina)、地中海实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、蛆症金蝇(Chrysomya bezziana)、Chrysomya hominivorax、Chrysomyamacellaria、鹿蝇(Chrysops discalis)、Chrysops silacea、Chrysopsatlanticus、螺旋蝇(Cochliomyia hominivorax)、高粱瘿蚊(Contariniasorghicola)、嗜人瘤蝇蛆(Cordylobia anthropophaga)、狂怒库蠓(Culicoides furens)、尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)、斑蚊(Culex nigripalpus)、致倦库蚊(Culex quinquefasciatus)、媒斑蚊(Culex tarsalis)、Culisetainornata、Culiseta melanura、瓜蝇(Dacus cucurbitae)、油橄榄实蝇(Dacus oleae)、油菜叶瘿蚊(Dasineura brassicae)、Delia antique、麦地种蝇(Delia coarctata)、灰地种蝇(Delia platura)、甘蓝地种蝇(Deliaradicum)、Dermatobia hominis、小毛厕蝇(Fannia canicularis)、Geomyza Tripunctata、马蝇(Gasterophilus intestinalis)、刺舌蝇(Glossinamorsitans)、须舌蝇(Glossina palpalis)、Glossina fuscipes、胶舌蝇(Glossina tachinoides)、Haematobia irritans、Haplodiplosis equestris、潜蝇属(Hippelates spp.)、花生田灰地种蝇(Hylemyia platura)、纹皮蝇(Hypoderma lineata)、Leptoconops torrens、蔬菜斑潜蝇(Liriomyzasativae)、美国潜叶蝇(Liriomyza trifolii)、Lucilia caprina、铜绿蝇(Lucilia cuprina)、丝光绿蝇(Lucilia sericata)、Lycoria pectoralis、Mansonia titillanus、麦瘿蚊(Mayetiola destructor)、家蝇(Muscadomestica)、厩腐蝇(Muscina stabulans)、羊狂蝇(Oestrus ovis)、Opomyza florum、欧洲麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、天仙子泉蝇(Pegomyahysocyami)、葱蝇(Phorbia antiqua)、萝卜蝇(Phorbia brassicae)、麦地种蝇(Phorbia coarctata)、银足白蛉(Phlebotomus argentipes)、Psorophoracolumbiae、胡萝卜茎蝇(Psila rosae)、Psorophora discolor、Prosimuliummixtum、樱桃实蝇(Rhagoletis cerasi)、苹果实蝇(Rhagoletispomonella)、赤尾麻蝇(Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis)、肉蝇属(Sarcophaga)、Simulium vittatum、厩螫蝇(Stomoxys calcitrans)、牛虻(Tabanus bovinus)、Tabanus atratus、红色原虻(Tabanus lineola)、Tabanus similis、Tipula oleracea和欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa),
蓟马(缨翅目(Thysanoptera)),例如兰花蓟马(Dichromothrips corbetti)、Dichromothrips ssp.、烟褐蓟马(Frankliniella fusca)、苜蓿花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、东方花蓟马(Frankliniella tritici)、桔梗蓟马(Scirtothrips citri)、稻蓟马(Thrips oryzae)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)和烟蓟马(Thrips tabaci),
白蚁(等翅目(Isoptera)),例如Calotermes flavicollis、Leucotermesflavipes、金黄异白蚁(Heterotermes aureus)、黄肢散白蚁(Reticulitermesflavipes)、美小黑散白蚁(Reticulitermes virginicus)、欧洲散白蚁(Reticulitermes lucifugus)、Termes natalensis和台湾乳白蚁(Coptotermesformosanus),
蟑螂(蜚蠊目(Blattaria)-Blattodea),例如德国小蠊(Blattella germanica)、Blattella asahinae、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、日本大蠊(Periplaneta japonica)、棕色蜚蠊(Periplaneta brunnea)、Periplanetafuligginosa、澳洲蜚蠊(Periplaneta australasiae)和东方蜚蠊(Blattaorientalis),
蝽象(半翅目(Hemiptera)),例如拟绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus)、黑斑烟盲蝽(Cyrtopeltis notatus)、棉红蝽(Dysdercus cingulatus)、Dysdercus intermedius、麦扁盾蝽(Eurygasterintegriceps)、烟草蝽(Euschistus impictiventris)、棉红铃喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus phyllopus)、美洲牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus pratensis)、稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula)、甜菜拟网蝽(Piesmaquadrata)、Solubea insularis、Thyanta perditor、Acyrthosiphononobrychis、落叶松球蚜(Adelges laricis)、Aphidula nasturtii、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabae)、草莓根蚜(Aphis forbesi)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomi)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、北美茶簏子蚜(Aphis grossulariae)、希奈德蚜(Aphisschneideri)、卷叶蚜(Aphis spiraecola)、接骨木蚜(Aphis sambuci)、豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)、茄无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani)、银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii)、飞廉短尾蚜(Brachycaudus cardui)、李短尾蚜(Brachycaudus helichrysi)、桃短尾蚜(Brachycaudus persicae)、Brachycaudus prunicola、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、Capitophorushorni、Cerosipha gossypii、草莓中瘤钉毛蚜(Chaetosiphon fragaefolii)、茶镳隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、高加索冷杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusianordmannianae)、云杉椎球蚜(Dreyfusia piceae)、居根西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis radicola)、Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani、车前圆尾蚜(Dysaphis plantaginea)、梨西圆尾蚜(Dysaphis pyri)、蚕豆微叶蝉(Empoasca fabae)、桃大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)、Hyperomyzuslactucae、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、大戟长管蚜(Macrosiphumeuphorbiae)、蔷薇管蚜(Macrosiphon rosae)、巢莱修尾蚜(Megouraviciae)、Melanaphis pyrarius、麦无网蚜(Metopolophium dirhodum)、Myzodes persicae、冬葱瘤额蚜(Myzus ascalonicus)、Myzus cerasi、李瘤蚜(Myzus varians)、黑茶镳子衲长管蚜(Nasonovia ribis-nigri)、稻飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、囊柄瘿绵蚜(Pemphigus bursarius)、蔗飞虱(Perkinsiella saccharicida)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、苹木虱(Psyllamali)、梨木虱(Psylla piri)、冬葱瘤蛾蚜(Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)、禾谷溢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、苹草缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum insertum)、Sappaphis mala、Sappaphis mali、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)、Schizoneura lanuginosa、麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)、白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、桔二叉蚜(Toxoptera aurantiiand)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Viteus vitifolii)、温带臭虫(Cimexlectularius)、热带臭虫(Cimex hemipterus)、Reduvius senilis、Triatoma属和Arilus critatus,
蚂蚁、蜜蜂、黄蜂、锯蝇(膜翅目(Hymenoptera)),例如新疆菜叶蜂(Athalia rosae)、切叶蚁(Atta cephalotes)、Atta capiguara、Attacephalotes、Atta laevigata、Atta robusta、Atta sexdens、Atta texana、举腹蚁属(Crematogaster)、Hoplocampa minuta、Hoplocampa testudinea、小黄家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、热带火蚁(Solenopsis geminate)、红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta)、黑火蚁(Solenopsis richteri)、南方火蚁(Solenopsis xyloni)、红蚂蚁(Pogonomyrmex barbatus)、Pogonomyrmexcalifornicus、Pheidole megacephala、天鹅绒蚂蚁(Dasymutillaoccidentalis)、熊蜂属(Bombus)、大黄蜂(Vespula squamosa)、Paravespula vulgaris、Paravespula pennsylvanica、Paravespulagermanica、姬胡蜂(Dolichovespula maculata)、黄边胡蜂(Vespacrabro)、胡蜂(Polistes rubiginosa)、Campodontus floridanus和阿根廷蚁(Linepithema humile),
蟋蟀、蚱蜢、蝗虫(直翅目(Orthoptera)),例如居屋艾蟋(Achetadomestica)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa)、飞蝗(Locusta migratoria)、双纹黑蝗(Melanoplus bivittatus)、红足黑蝗(Melanoplus femurrubrum)、墨西哥黑蝗(Melanoplus mexicanus)、迁飞黑蝗(Melanoplus sanguinipes)、石栖黑蝗(Melanoplus spretus)、条纹红蝗(Nomadacris septemfasciata)、美洲沙漠蝗(Schistocerca americana)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)、摩洛哥戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus maroccanus)、庭疾灶螽(Tachycinesasynamorus)、塞纳加尔小车蝗(Oedaleus senegalensis)、Zonozerusvariegatus、非洲蔗蝗(Hieroglyphus daganensis)、Kraussariaangulifera、意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)、澳洲草栖蝗(Chortoicetesterminifera)和褐色拟飞蝗(Locustana pardalina),
蜘蛛纲(Arachnoidea),如蜘蛛(蜱螨目(Acarina)),例如软蜱科(Argasidae)、硬蜱科(Ixodidae)和疥螨科(Sarcoptidae),如长星形壁虱(Amblyomma americanum)、热带花蜱(Amblyomma variegatum)、Ambryomma maculatum、波斯锐缘蜱(Argas persicus)、牛壁虱(Boophilus annulatus)、Boophilus decoloratus、微小牛蜱(Boophilusmicroplus)、Dermacentor silvarum、安氏革蜱(Dermacentorandersoni)、美洲大革蜱(Dermacentor variabilis)、Hyalommatruncatum、蓖子硬蜱(Ixodes ricinus)、Ixodes rubicundus、黑脚硬蜱(Ixodes scapularis)、全环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus)、太平洋硬蜱(Ixodespacificus)、Ornithodorus moubata、Ornithodorus hermsi、Ornithodorusturicata、柏氏禽刺螨(Ornithonyssus bacoti)、Otobius megnini、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssus gallinae)、绵羊疥病(Psoroptes ovis)、Rhipicephalussanguineus、Rhipicephalus appendiculatus、Rhipicephalus evertsi、人疥螨(Sarcoptes scabiei),瘿螨(Eriophyidae)属,如苹果刺锈螨(Aculusschlechtendali)、Phyllocoptrata oleivora和Eriophyes sheldoni;细螨(Tarsonemidae)属,如Phytonemus pallidus和侧多食跗线螨(Polyphagotarsonemus latus);细须螨(Tenuipalpidae)属,如紫红短须螨(Brevipalpus phoenicis);叶螨(Tetranychidae)属,如朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)、神泽叶螨(Tetranychus kanzawai)、太平洋叶螨(Tetranychus pacificus)、棉叶螨(Tetranychus telarius)和二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae),苹果叶螨(Panonychus ulmi)、柑椐叶螨(Panonychus citri)和草地小爪螨(Oligonychus pratensis);蜘蛛目(Araneida),例如毒蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)和褐丝蛛(Loxoscelesreclusa),
跳蚤(蚤目(Siphonaptera)),例如猫跳蚤(Ctenocephalides felis)、狗跳蚤(Ctenocephalides canis)、印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、致痒蚤(Pulexirritans)、穿皮潜蚤(Tunga penetrans)和具带病蚤(Nosopsyllus fasciatus),衣鱼、家衣鱼(缨尾目(Thysanura)),例如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)和斑衣鱼(Thermobia domestica),
百足虫(唇足纲(Chilopoda)),例如家蚰蜒(Scutigera coleoptrata),
千足虫(倍足纲(Diplopoda)),例如Narceus属,
蠼蛸(革翅目(Dermaptera)),例如欧洲球螋(forficula auricularia),
虱(毛虱目(Phthiraptera)),例如人头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis)、人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、阴虱(Pthirus pubis)、牛血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus)、猪血虱(Haematopinus suis)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli)、Bovicola bovis、鸡虱(Menopon gallinae)、Menacanthus stramineus和Solenopotes capillatus;
植物寄生线虫如根结线虫,花生根结线虫(Meloidogyne arenaria)、奇氏根结线虫(Meloidogyne chitwoodi)、短小根结线虫(Meloidogyne exigua)、北方根结线虫(Meloidogyne hapla)、南方根结线虫(Meloidogyneincognita)、爪哇根结线虫(Meloidogyne javanica)和其他根结线虫属(Meloidogyne);胞囊线虫,马铃薯金线虫(Globodera rostochiensis)、马铃薯白线虫(Globodera pallida)、烟草胞囊线虫(Globodera tabacum)和其他球胞囊属(Globodera);禾谷胞囊线虫(Heterodera avenae)、大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)、甜菜胞囊线虫(Heterodera schachtii)、三叶草胞囊线虫(Heterodera trifolii)和其他胞囊线虫属(Heterodera);种子肿瘿线虫,剪股颖粒线虫(Anguina funesta)、小麦粒线虫(Anguina tritici)和其他粒线虫属(Anguina);茎叶线虫,水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi)、草莓滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoides fragariae)、菊花滑刃线虫(Aphelenchoidesritzemabosi)和其他滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides);刺线虫,杂草刺线虫(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)和其他针刺线虫属(Belonolaimus);松线虫,松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)和其他伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus);环形线虫,环纹线虫属(Criconema)、小环线虫属(Criconemella)、轮线虫属(Criconemoides)和中环线虫属(Mesocriconema);球茎线虫,腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)、甘薯茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、食菌茎线虫(Ditylenchus myceliophagus)和其他茎线虫属(Ditylenchus);锥线虫,锥线虫属(Dolichodorus);螺旋形线虫,双宫螺旋线虫(Helicotylenchus dihystera)、多带螺旋线虫(Heliocotylenchus multicinctus)和其他螺旋线虫属(Helicotylenchus),强壮盘旋线虫(Rotylenchus robustus)和其他盘旋线虫属(Rotylenchus);鞘线虫,鞘线虫属(Hemicycliophora)和Hemicriconemoides属;Hirshmanniella属;冠线虫,哥伦比亚纽带线虫(HoplolaimusColumbus)、帽状纽带线虫(Hoplolaimus galeatus)和其他纽带线虫属(Hoploaimus);伪根结线虫,异常珍珠线虫(Nacobbus aberrans)和其他珍珠线虫属(Nacobbus);针线虫,伸展长针线虫(Longidorus elongates)和其他长针线虫属(Longidorus);鞘线虫,针线虫属(Paratylenchus);根腐线虫,矮尾短体线虫(Pratylenchus brachyurus)、咖啡短体线虫(Pratylenchus coffeae)、Pratylenchus curvitatus、古迪短体线虫(Pratylenchus goodeyi)、疏忽短体线虫(Pratylenchus neglectus)、穿刺短体线虫(Pratylenchus penetrans)、斯氏短体线虫(Pratylenchus scribneri)、伤残短体线虫(Pratylenchus vulnus)、玉米短体线虫(Pratylenchus zeae)和其他短体线虫属(Pratylenchus);Radinaphelenchus cocophilus和其他Radinaphelenchus属;穿孔线虫,香蕉穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)和其他穿孔线虫属(Radopholus);肾形线虫,肾形肾脏线虫(Rotylenchulusreniformis)和其他肾状线虫属(Rotylenchulus);盾线虫属(Scutellonema);残根线虫,原始毛刺线虫(Trichodorus primitivus)和其他毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus);较小类毛刺线虫(Paratrichodorus minor)和其他类毛刺属(Paratrichodorus);阻长线虫,克莱顿矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus claytoni)、不定矮化线虫(Tylenchorhynchus dubius)以及其他矮化线虫属(Tylenchorhynchus)和节纹线虫属(Merlinius);柑桔线虫,柑桔半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)和其他小垫刃线虫属(Tylenchulus);剑线虫,美洲剑线虫(Xiphinema americanum)、标准剑线虫(Xiphinema index)、裂尾剑线虫(Xiphinema diversicaudatum)和其他剑线虫属(Xiphinema);以及其他植物寄生线虫。
本发明组合物可以在害虫的任何及所有发育阶段,如卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫阶段施用。可以通过使目标害虫、其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与杀虫有效量的本发明组合物接触而防治害虫。“场所”是指其中害虫生长或可能生长的植物、植物繁殖材料(优选种子)、土壤、区域、材料或环境。
通常而言,“杀虫有效量”是指对生长获得可观察到的效果所需的本发明组合物的量,所述效果包括坏死、死亡、阻滞、预防和去除效果,破坏效果或减少动物害虫的出现和活动的效果。对于在本发明中使用的各种组合物,杀虫有效量可以变化。组合物的杀虫有效量也会根据主要条件如所需杀虫效果及持续时间、气候、目标物种、场所、施用方式等而变化。
本发明组合物通过用杀虫有效量的活性化合物处理动物害虫或者要防止害虫侵袭的植物、植物繁殖材料(优选种子)、材料或土壤而使用。施用可以在材料、植物或植物繁殖材料(优选种子)被害虫侵染之前和之后进行。
优选通过用杀虫有效量的活性化合物经由叶面施用处理动物害虫或者要防止害虫侵袭的植物或土壤而使用本发明组合物。此时施用也可以在植物被害虫侵染之前和之后进行。
在防治动物害虫(昆虫、螨虫或线虫)的方法中,取决于化合物类型和所需效果,本发明组合物的施用率为0.1-10000g/ha,优选1-5000g/ha,更优选20-1000g/ha,最优选10-750g/ha,尤其是20-500g/ha。
在本发明上下文中,术语植物是指整个植物、植物部分或植物的繁殖材料。
可以用本发明组合物处理的植物以及所述植物的繁殖材料包括所有基因修饰植物或转基因植物,例如由于育种(包括基因工程方法)而耐受除草剂或杀真菌剂或杀虫剂的作用的作物,或与现有植物相比具有修饰过的特性的植物,它们例如可以通过传统育种方法和/或产生突变体或通过重组程序产生。
例如,本发明组合物还可以(作为种子处理、喷雾处理、犁沟内或通过任何其他方式)施用于已经通过育种、诱变或基因工程修饰的植物,包括但不限于上市销售或开发的农业生物技术产品。基因修饰植物是其基因材料通过使用在自然条件下不易通过杂交、突变或自然重组得到的重组DNA技术修饰的植物。通常将一个或多个基因整合到基因修饰植物的遗传材料中以改善植物的某些性能。这类基因修饰还包括但不限于蛋白质、寡肽或多肽的靶向翻译后修饰,例如通过糖基化或聚合物加成如异戊二烯化、乙酰化或法呢基化结构部分或PEG结构部分。
通过育种、诱变或基因工程修饰的植物例如已经因常规育种或基因工程方法而耐受特殊类别除草剂的施用,例如羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂;乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂如磺酰脲类(例如见US6,222,100、WO 01/82685、WO 00/26390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/02526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/14357、WO 03/13225、WO 03/14356、WO 04/16073)或咪唑啉酮类(例如见US 6,222,100、WO01/82685、WO 00/026390、WO 97/41218、WO 98/002526、WO 98/02527、WO 04/106529、WO 05/20673、WO 03/014357、WO 03/13225、WO03/14356、WO 04/16073);烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸3-磷酸合成酶(EPSPS)抑制剂如草甘膦(glyphosate)(例如见WO 92/00377);谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制剂如草铵膦(glufosinate)(例如见EP-A-0242236、EP-A 242 246)或oxynil除草剂(例如见US 5,559,024)。几种栽培植物已经通过常规育种(诱变)方法而耐受除草剂,例如夏播油菜(Canola,德国BASF SE)耐受咪唑啉酮类如咪草啶酸(imazamox)。基因工程方法已经用于使栽培植物如大豆、棉花、玉米、甜菜和油菜耐受除草剂如草甘膦和草铵膦,它们中的一些可以以商品名(耐受草甘膦Monsanto,U.S.A.)和(耐受草铵膦,德国Bayer CropScience)市购。
此外,还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的植物,该蛋白尤其是由芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌已知的那些,特别是由苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)已知的那些,例如δ-内毒素如CryIA(b)、CryIA(c)、CryIF、CryIF(a2)、CryIIA(b)、CryIIIA、CryIIIB(b1)或Cry9c;无性杀虫蛋白(VIP)如VIP1、VIP2、VIP3或VIP3A;线虫定居细菌的杀虫蛋白如发光杆菌属(Photorhabdus)或致病杆菌属(Xenorhabdus);动物产生的毒素如蝎毒素、蜘蛛毒素、黄蜂毒素或其他昆虫特异性神经毒素;真菌产生的毒素如链霉菌属(Streptomycetes)毒素,植物凝集素如豌豆或大麦凝集素;凝集素;蛋白酶抑制剂如胰蛋白酶抑制剂、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、patatin、半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂或木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂;核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)如蓖麻蛋白、玉米-RIP、相思豆毒蛋白、丝瓜籽蛋白、皂草素或异株腹泻毒蛋白(bryodin);类固醇代谢酶如3-羟基类固醇氧化酶、蜕皮甾类-IDP糖基转移酶、胆固醇氧化酶、蜕皮激素抑制剂或HMG-CoA还原酶;离子通道阻断剂如钠通道或钙通道阻断剂;保幼激素酯酶;利尿激素受体(helicokinin受体);茋合成酶,联苄合成酶,壳多糖酶或葡聚糖酶。就本发明而言,这些杀虫蛋白或毒素还具体理解为前毒素、杂合蛋白、截短的或其他方面改性的蛋白。杂合蛋白的特征在于蛋白域的新型组合(例如见WO 02/015701)。该类毒素或能够合成该类毒素的基因修饰植物的其他实例公开于例如EP-A 374 753、WO 93/007278、WO95/34656、EP-A 427 529、EP-A 451 878、WO 03/18810和WO 03/52073中。生产该类基因修饰植物的方法对本领域熟练技术人员通常是已知的且例如描述于上述出版物中。这些含于基因修饰植物中的杀虫蛋白赋予产生这些蛋白的植物以对所有分类学上为节肢动物的害虫,尤其是甲虫(鞘翅目(Coeloptera))、双翅昆虫(双翅目(Diptera))、蛾(鳞翅目(Lepidoptera))和线虫(线虫纲(Nematoda))的耐受性。能够合成一种或多种杀虫蛋白的基因修饰植物例如描述于上述出版物中,它们中的一些可市购,例如(产生毒素Cry1Ab的玉米品种),Plus(产生毒素Cry1Ab和Cry3Bb1的玉米品种),(产生毒素Cry9c的玉米品种),RW(产生毒素Cry34Ab1、Cry35Ab1和酶膦丝菌素-N-乙酰转移酶[PAT]的玉米品种);33B(产生毒素Cry1Ac的棉花品种),I(产生毒素Cry1Ac的棉花品种),II(产生毒素Cry1Ac和Cry2Ab2的棉花品种);(产生VIP毒素的棉花品种);(产生毒素Cry3A的土豆品种); Bt11(例如CB)和法国Syngenta Seeds SAS的Bt176(产生毒素Cry1Ab和PAT酶的玉米品种),法国Syngenta Seeds SAS的MIR604(产生毒素Cry3A的修饰译本的玉米品种,参见WO 03/018810),比利时Monsanto Europe S.A.的MON 863(产生毒素Cry3Bb1的玉米品种),比利时Monsanto Europe S.A.的IPC 531(产生毒素Cry1Ac的修饰译本的棉花品种)和比利时Pioneer Overseas Corporation的1507(产生毒素Cry1F和PAT酶的玉米品种)。
此外,还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种对细菌、病毒或真菌病原体的耐受性或抗性增强的蛋白质的植物。该类蛋白的实例是所谓的“与发病机理相关的蛋白”(PR蛋白,例如参见EP-A 392 225),植物病害抗性基因(例如表达针对来自野生墨西哥土豆Solanumbulbocastanum的致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)起作用的抗性基因的土豆栽培品种)或T4溶菌酶(例如能够合成对细菌如Erwinia amylvora的耐受性增强的这些蛋白的土豆栽培品种)。生产该类基因修饰植物的方法对本领域熟练技术人员通常是已知的且例如描述于上述出版物中。
此外,还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而能够合成一种或多种蛋白以提高这些植物的产量(例如生物质生产、谷粒产量、淀粉含量、油含量或蛋白质含量),对干旱、盐或其他生长限制性环境因素的耐受性或对害虫以及真菌、细菌或病毒病原体的耐受性的植物。
此外,还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而含有改变量的物质含量或新物质含量以尤其改善人类或动物营养的植物,例如产生促进健康的长链ω-3脂肪酸或不饱和ω-9脂肪酸的油料作物(例如油菜,加拿大DOWAgro Sciences)。
此外,还包括通过使用重组DNA技术而含有改变量的物质含量或新物质含量以尤其改善原料生产的植物,例如产生增加量的支链淀粉的土豆(例如土豆,德国BASF SE)。
本发明组合物通过通过接触(经由土壤、玻璃、墙壁、床网、地毯、植物部分或动物部分)和摄取(诱饵或植物部分)以及通过交哺和转移而有效。
优选的施用方法是经由土壤、裂纹和裂缝施用于水体,施用于牧场、粪堆、下水道,施用于水中、地板、墙壁上,或者通过周边喷雾施用和诱饵施用。
根据本发明的另一优选实施方案,为了用于对抗非植物病原性害虫如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊子、蟋蟀、蝗虫或蟑螂,将本发明组合物制成诱饵制剂。
诱饵可以是液体、固体或半固体制剂(例如凝胶)。用于该组合物中的诱饵是具有足够的吸引力以刺激诸如蚂蚁、白蚁、黄蜂、蝇、蚊子、蟋蟀等的昆虫或蟑螂食用它的产品。该引诱剂可以选自进食刺激剂或易于在本领域中已知的拟信息素和/或性信息素。
用本发明组合物及其相应组合物控制由非植物病原性昆虫传递的传染性疾病(例如疟疾、登革热和黄热病,淋巴丝虫病以及利什曼病)的方法也包括处理棚屋和房子的表面、空气喷雾和浸渍窗帘、帐篷、衣物、床品、采采蝇网等。施用于纤维、织物、编织物、无纺织物、网状材料或箔以及篷布上的杀虫组合物优选包含包括本发明组合物、任选的驱除剂和至少一种粘合剂的组合物。
本发明组合物可以用于保护木质材料如树木、护栏、枕木等,以及建筑物如房子、附属建筑、工厂,还有建筑材料、家具、皮革、纤维、乙烯基制品、电线和电缆等以防蚂蚁和/或白蚁,并防止蚂蚁和白蚁损害作物或人类(例如当害虫侵入房子和公共设施时)。
在土壤处理或施用于害虫居住地或巢穴的情况下,活性成分量为0.0001-500g/100m2,优选0.001-20g/100m2。
在材料保护中的常规施用率例如为0.01-1000g活性化合物/m2被处理材料,理想的是0.1-50g/m2被处理材料。
用于材料浸渍中的杀虫组合物通常含有0.001-95重量%,优选0.1-45重量%,更优选1-25重量%至少一种驱除剂和/或杀虫剂。
为了用于诱饵组合物中,活性成分的典型含量为0.0001-15重量%,理想的是0.001-5重量%活性化合物。所用组合物还可以含有其他添加剂如活性物质的溶剂、调味剂、防腐剂、染料或苦味剂。其吸引力还可以通过特殊颜色、形状或结构而增强。
为了用于喷雾组合物中,活性成分的组合物含量为0.001-80重量%,优选0.01-50重量%,最优选0.01-15重量%。
本发明进一步涉及一种保护植物繁殖材料的方法,该方法包括使植物繁殖材料与本发明组合物以杀虫有效量接触。
如开头所述,在本发明的优选实施方案中,将本发明组合物用于保护种子以及秧苗的根和嫩枝,优选种子。
可以在种植于大田中之前在种子箱中进行种子处理。
对于种子处理,本发明组合物中的重量比通常取决于本发明组合物的各化合物性能。
尤其对种子处理有用的常规配制剂例如为:
A 可溶性浓缩物(SL,LS)
D 乳液(EW,EO,ES)
E 悬浮液(SC,OD,FS)
F 水分散性颗粒和水溶性颗粒(WG,SG)
G 水分散性粉末和水溶性粉末(WP,SP,WS)
H 凝胶配制剂(GF)
I 可撒粉粉末(DP,DS)
这些组合物可以经稀释或不经稀释施用于植物繁殖材料,特别是种子。这些组合物可以经稀释或不经稀释施用于植物繁殖材料,特别是种子。所述组合物在稀释2-10倍之后在即用制剂中给出0.01-60重量%,优选0.1-40重量%的活性物质浓度。施用可以在播种之前或之中进行。
将本发明化合物及其组合物施用于植物繁殖材料,尤其是种子上的方法在本领域中是已知的且包括但不限于拌种、种子包衣、种子撒粉、种子浸泡、种子包膜、种子多层包衣、种子包壳、种子浸润和种子造粒。
在优选实施方案中,通过一种不诱发萌发的方法,例如通过拌种、造粒、包衣和撒粉将化合物或其组合物施用于植物繁殖材料上。
在植物繁殖材料(优选种子)的处理中,本发明组合物的施用率通常对配制产品(通常包含10-750g/l活性物)而言。
本发明还涉及植物繁殖产品,尤其是种子,其包含,即涂敷有和/或含有如上所定义的本发明组合物。植物繁殖材料(优选种子)以0.1g-10kg/100kg植物繁殖材料(优选种子),优选0.1g-1kg/100kg植物繁殖材料(优选种子)的量包含本发明组合物。
分开或联合施用本发明组合物的各化合物通过在植物的播种之前或之后或者在植物出苗之前或之后对种子、秧苗、植物或土壤喷雾或撒粉而进行。
按照土壤施用的一个方案,本发明的另一主题是犁沟内处理,这包括将包含本发明组合物的固体或液体配制剂加入已经播种有种子的敞开犁沟中或者将种子和配制剂同时施用于敞开犁沟。
在尤其优选的实施方案中,本发明组合物为乳液浓缩物(EC),其包含碱,特别是胺,尤其是式III的胺。优选该EC包含0.5-30重量%,尤其是1-15重量%杀虫剂A,碱和配成100%的配制助剂,其中配制助剂通常包含10-70重量%,尤其是25-60重量%至少一种有机溶剂,其中所有组分加起来为100重量%,即重量%值基于该组合物的总重量。碱在这些EC中的浓度选自在用水稀释至1.0重量%之后得到的pH为至少6.0,尤其是pH为至少6.5,尤其是pH为至少7.0,例如pH为6.0-13,特别是6.5-12,尤其是7.0-10的范围。优选碱在该乳液浓缩物中的浓度基于该组合物为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.2-5.0重量%。
同样优选该EC包含0.5-30重量%,尤其是1-15重量%杀虫剂B,碱和配成100%的配制助剂,其中配制助剂通常包含10-70重量%,尤其是25-60重量%至少一种有机溶剂,其中所有组分加起来为100重量%,即重量%值基于该组合物的总重量。碱在这些EC中的浓度选自在用水稀释至1.0重量%之后得到的pH为至少6.0,尤其是pH为至少6.5,尤其是pH为至少7.0,例如pH为6.0-13,特别是6.5-12,尤其是7.0-10的范围。优选碱在该乳液浓缩物中的浓度基于该组合物为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.2-5.0重量%。
该EC尤其包含1-15重量%杀虫剂A或杀虫剂B,碱,特别是胺,尤其是式III的胺,25-60重量%有机溶剂,以及配成100重量%的配制助剂,其中所有组分加起来为100重量%,即重量%值基于该组合物的总重量。碱在EC中的浓度选自在用水稀释至1.0重量%之后得到的pH为至少6.5,尤其是pH为至少7.0,例如pH为6.0-13,特别是6.5-12,尤其是7.0-10的范围。优选碱在该乳液浓缩物中的浓度基于该组合物为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.2-5.0重量%。
在尤其优选的实施方案中,本发明组合物为乳液浓缩物(EC),其包含碱,特别是胺,尤其是式III的胺和助剂,特别是烷氧基化脂族醇,尤其是式(IV)的醇。优选该EC包含0.5-30重量%,尤其是1-15重量%杀虫剂A或杀虫剂B,碱,助剂和配成100%的配制助剂,其中配制助剂通常包含10-70重量%,尤其是25-60重量%至少一种有机溶剂,其中所有组分加起来为100重量%,即重量%值基于该组合物的总重量。优选碱在所述EC中的浓度基于该组合物的总重量为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.2-5.0重量%。优选所述乳液浓缩物中助剂的量基于该组合物的总重量为10-70重量%,尤其是15-50重量%。
该EC尤其包含1-15重量%杀虫剂A或杀虫剂B,碱,特别是胺,尤其是式III的胺,25-60重量%有机溶剂,以及配成100重量%的配制助剂,其中所有组分加起来为100重量%,即重量%值为基于该组合物总重量的值。优选碱在该EC中的浓度基于该组合物为0.1-10重量%,尤其是0.2-5.0重量%。优选所述乳液浓缩物中助剂的量基于该组合物的总重量为10-70重量%,尤其是15-50重量%。
本发明进一步涉及一种制备本发明组合物的方法,该方法包括使该杀虫剂和该碱接触。该接触通常在通过已知方法制备农业化学配制剂时进行。各组分的接触可以通过常规设备在任何温度如室温下实现。优选的混合方法是是用于制备农业化学组合物的那些。
本发明进一步涉及一种制备含水桶混物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a)提供含有该杀虫剂的组合物;
b)提供含有该碱的组合物;以及
c)使水与步骤a)和b)的组合物接触。
本发明进一步涉及一种制备含水桶混物的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
a′)提供含有该杀虫剂和该碱的组合物;
c′)使水与步骤a′)的组合物接触。
优选步骤a)的组合物为乳液浓缩物(EC),尤其是上述乳液浓缩物。
本发明进一步涉及碱在提高式I或II的杀虫剂的稳定性中的用途。该杀虫剂的稳定性可以在65℃下储存14天后分析。杀虫剂的稳定性提高可以通过分析在所述储存之后的化学回收而确认。
本发明的优点例如是本发明组合物具有提高的稳定性且可以在活性化合物不降低,甚至在升高的温度下也不降低下储存更长时间。除此以外,本发明组合物具有高杀虫活性,尤其是如果呈含有助剂的EC形式的话。
实施例
杀虫剂A:式(I)的杀虫剂
醇烷氧基化物A:乙氧基化和丙氧基化的线性C16/C18醇,在室温下为液体,
浸渍润湿力:至少240s(根据DIN 1772在室温和1g/L下,在2g/l碳酸钠中),水含量5-10重量%,表面张力:30-35mN/m(根据DIN 14370在室温和1g/l下),在水中pH为约7。
实施例1-乳液浓缩物的稳定化
由5.0重量%杀虫剂A、14重量%聚芳基苯基醚硫酸铵盐、11.5重量%乙氧基化异-C13醇(表面张力根据DIN 53914在1g/l和23℃下在蒸馏水中为27-29mN/m)、20重量%醇烷氧基化物A、10.5重量%2-庚酮和39重量%重芳烃溶剂石脑油(初始沸点240℃)制备具有如上组成的乳液浓缩物(ECA)。该EC通过下列程序制备:首先在良好搅动下将杀虫剂A溶于2-庚酮和溶剂石脑油中。然后将其他配制剂添加剂加入上述溶剂溶液中并混合直到得到EC A的透明溶液(200g)。
a)具有稳定剂A的EC B:
在单独的容器中称出30g EC A,反加0.201g N,N,N′,N′-四(2-羟基丙基)乙二胺(稳定剂A)并充分混合直到均匀。该乳液浓缩物EC B包含0.66重量%稳定剂A。
b)具有稳定剂B的EC C:
在单独的容器中称出30g EC A,反加0.708g稳定剂B(乙氧基化牛脂胺,约20mol EO)并充分混合直到均匀。所得EC C包含2.3重量%稳定剂B。
最后,将所有乳液浓缩物的样品在65℃下储存达到2周,并在储存前后进行化学分析。化学稳定性结果以及初始配制剂pH(在1%配制剂在水中的稀释度下在室温下测定)列于表1中。发现通过加入稳定剂A,杀虫剂A的化学稳定性显著改善且化学稳定。
表1:在65℃下储存之后杀虫剂A的化学回收
EC | pH | 4天 | 14天 |
A a) | 5.64 | 0% | -- |
B | 7.30 | 100% | 100% |
C | 7.18 | 100% | 100% |
a)对比,不根据本发明。
Claims (34)
1.一种包含式I的pyripyropene杀虫剂和碱的农业化学组合物:
所述碱的特征在于在20℃的水中测定的共轭酸的酸度常数为至少7.0并且选自包含仲或叔氨基的碱,其中所述碱选自式III化合物:
其中
R1为H、C1-C4烷基或基团(A-O)nH,
A为C2-C4亚烷基,
m为1-100的整数,若R1、R2中至少一个不为H,则m还可以为0;
n为1-100的整数,
R2为H、C1-C30烷基、C2-C30链烯基或式-[A'-N(R3)]k-A'-NR4R5的基团,
其中
A'为C2-C4亚烷基,
k为0-10的整数,
R3为H或基团(A-O)nH,
R4为H或基团(A-O)nH,和
R5为H或基团(A-O)nH。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述碱的浓度选自在将所述组合物在水中稀释至1.0重量%的浓度之后得到至少7.0的pH的范围。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物,其中所述碱的浓度基于所述组合物的总重量为0.1-10重量%。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含不超过5重量%的水。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述碱在20℃下具有的水溶解度为至少0.1g/l。
6.根据权利要求4的组合物,其中所述碱在20℃下具有的水溶解度为至少0.1g/l。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物包含至少40重量%水且所述碱在20℃下具有的水溶解度为至少1.0g/l。
8.根据权利要求5的组合物,其中所述组合物包含至少40重量%水且所述碱在20℃下具有的水溶解度为至少1.0g/l。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述碱选自如下那些碱,所述碱与水的混合物在0.1mol/l的浓度下在20℃下在水中具有的pH为至少7.0。
10.根据权利要求6或8的组合物,其中所述碱选自如下那些碱,所述碱与水的混合物在0.1mol/l的浓度下在20℃下在水中具有的pH为至少7.0。
11.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其进一步包含烷氧基化脂族醇。
12.根据权利要求10的组合物,其进一步包含烷氧基化脂族醇。
13.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中所述烷氧基化脂族醇选自式(IV)化合物:
Ra-O-(CmH2mO)x-(CnH2nO)y-(CpH2pO)z-Rb (IV)
其中
Ra表示C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基或其混合物;
Rb表示H或C1-C12烷基;
m、n、p相互独立地表示2-16的整数;
x、y、z相互独立地表示0-100的整数;和
x+y+z对应于1-100的值。
14.根据权利要求12的组合物,其中所述烷氧基化脂族醇选自式(IV)化合物:
Ra-O-(CmH2mO)x-(CnH2nO)y-(CpH2pO)z-Rb (IV)
其中
Ra表示C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基或其混合物;
Rb表示H或C1-C12烷基;
m、n、p相互独立地表示2-16的整数;
x、y、z相互独立地表示0-100的整数;和
x+y+z对应于1-100的值。
15.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中Ra表示线性C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基或其混合物。
16.根据权利要求12-14中任一项的组合物,其中Ra表示线性C5-C36烷基、C5-C36链烯基或其混合物。
17.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中Ra表示线性C14-C36烷基、C14-C36链烯基或其混合物。
18.根据权利要求16的组合物,其中Ra表示线性C14-C36烷基、C14-C36链烯基或其混合物。
19.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中m、n、p相互独立地表示2-5的整数。
20.根据权利要求16的组合物,其中m、n、p相互独立地表示2-5的整数。
21.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中x+y+z对应于10-30的值。
22.根据权利要求18-20中任一项的组合物,其中x+y+z对应于10-30的值。
23.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述杀虫剂以溶解形式存在。
24.根据权利要求22的组合物,其中所述杀虫剂以溶解形式存在。
25.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其为乳液浓缩物。
26.根据权利要求24的组合物,其为乳液浓缩物。
27.一种制备如权利要求1-26中任一项所定义的组合物的方法,包括使所述杀虫剂和所述碱接触。
28.一种制备含水桶混物的方法,包括如下步骤:
a)提供含有如权利要求1所定义的杀虫剂的组合物;
b)提供含有如权利要求1或5-10中任一项所定义的碱的组合物;以及
c)使水与步骤a)和b)的组合物接触。
29.如权利要求1或5-8中任一项所定义的碱在提高如权利要求1所定义的杀虫剂的稳定性中的用途。
30.成套包装,作为分开组分包含组合使用的a)如权利要求1或2所定义的杀虫剂以及b)如权利要求1或5-10中任一项所定义的碱。
31.一种保护植物以防昆虫、螨虫或线虫侵袭或侵染的方法,包括使植物或者其中植物生长的土壤或水体与根据权利要求1-26中任一项的组合物以杀虫有效量接触。
32.一种防治昆虫、蜘蛛或线虫的方法,包括使昆虫、螨虫或线虫或其食物供应源、栖息地、繁殖地或其场所与如权利要求1-26中任一项所定义的组合物以杀虫有效量接触。
33.一种保护植物繁殖材料的方法,包括使植物繁殖材料与如权利要求1-26中任一项所定义的组合物以杀虫有效量接触。
34.一种通过将根据权利要求1-26中任一项的组合物施用于种子而处理种子的方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US38251310P | 2010-09-14 | 2010-09-14 | |
US61/382,513 | 2010-09-14 | ||
EP10176608.7 | 2010-09-14 | ||
EP10176608 | 2010-09-14 | ||
US201061426538P | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | |
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JPWO2011148886A1 (ja) * | 2010-05-24 | 2013-07-25 | Meiji Seikaファルマ株式会社 | 有害生物防除剤 |
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JP6478921B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-16 | 2019-03-06 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | ピリピロペン殺有害生物剤を含む液体乳化製剤の調製方法 |
JP6215355B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2017-10-18 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 水性懸濁製剤の調製方法 |
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WO2016038067A1 (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-03-17 | Basf Se | Use of afidopyropene in genetically modified plants |
CN107027784A (zh) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-08-11 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | 一种含印楝素和双丙环虫酯的复配杀虫剂及其应用 |
CN112153898A (zh) | 2018-06-04 | 2020-12-29 | 埃科莱布美国股份有限公司 | 用于防止二甲基三硫醚降解的方法和组合物 |
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CO6690770A2 (es) | 2013-06-17 |
EA201300337A1 (ru) | 2013-08-30 |
CA2808976C (en) | 2019-07-16 |
CN103118537A (zh) | 2013-05-22 |
ZA201302571B (en) | 2014-05-25 |
WO2012035010A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
AU2011303965B2 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
BR112013005950A2 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
EP2615910B1 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
JP5877202B2 (ja) | 2016-03-02 |
CR20130099A (es) | 2013-04-29 |
US9723834B2 (en) | 2017-08-08 |
AU2011303965B9 (en) | 2014-12-18 |
KR101938020B1 (ko) | 2019-01-11 |
US20130184153A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
MX2013002826A (es) | 2013-04-05 |
AR084717A1 (es) | 2013-06-05 |
JP2013537179A (ja) | 2013-09-30 |
CL2013000693A1 (es) | 2014-03-14 |
CA2808976A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
AU2011303965A1 (en) | 2013-04-04 |
EP2615910A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
MX355432B (es) | 2018-04-18 |
KR20130136462A (ko) | 2013-12-12 |
PE20131359A1 (es) | 2013-12-06 |
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