CN103117414A - Electrolyte solution for negative lithium titanate battery, lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Electrolyte solution for negative lithium titanate battery, lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrolyte solution for a negative lithium titanate battery, a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof. The electrolyte solution is characterized in that lithium hexafluorophosphate is adopted as electrolyte, ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate are adopted as solvents, and one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, double oxalate ithium borate, 1,3-propanesultone or vinylene carbonate are adopted as a film-formation additive.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery take lithium titanate as negative pole, relate to simultaneously lithium ion battery that adopts this electrolyte and preparation method thereof, belong to the lithium-ion battery energy technical field.
Background technology
Along with continuous progress and the development of lithium-ion electric pool technology, the life-span of battery and safety more and more get more and more people's extensive concerning.In recent years, spinel lithium titanate (Li
4Ti
5O
12) owing to having higher doff lithium current potential (1.55Vvs.Li
+/ Li) and higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient (2 * 10
-8cm
2/ s), can avoid battery overcharge, lithium ion is in the deposition of carbon negative terminal surface when large current charge or low temperature, thereby the lithium ion battery take lithium titanate as negative pole has higher fail safe, is expected to be applied to electrokinetic cell; Simultaneously, lithium titanate can be avoided the structural change of battery in charge and discharge process as a kind of " zero strain material ", thereby lithium titanate battery has excellent cyclicity, the potential energy-storage battery that is applied to.Yet the lithium ion battery take lithium titanate as negative pole exists serious flatulence problem, and this has seriously hindered its commercialization process.
At present, the industrial Kynoar (PVDF) that generally adopts is as the lithium ion battery binding agent, and organic solvent 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), DMF (DMF) etc. is made dispersant.The method organic solvent use amount is large, and production cost is high, contaminated environment, infringement health.therefore, the lithium ion battery plus-negative plate material all adopts aqueous binders to become a kind of trend, adopt the lithium ion battery of aqueous binders preparation to compare with the lithium ion battery of organic bond preparation, have superior fail safe and good social benefit, but adopt the lithium ion battery of aqueous binders compared to the lithium ion battery that adopts organic bond, owing to containing a large amount of polar groups in aqueous binders, pole piece relatively is difficult to dewater like this, so easier aerogenesis of battery, this not only has influence on the chemical property of battery, also bring potential safety hazard to battery.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery take lithium titanate as negative pole.
In order to realize above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide a kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery take lithium titanate as negative pole, comprises the component of following percetage by weight: electrolyte 10%～15%, solvent 80%～88% and film for additive 2%～5%; Film for additive is one or more in fluorinated ethylene carbonate, di-oxalate lithium borate, PS or vinylene carbonate.
Described electrolyte is lithium hexafluoro phosphate.
Described solvent is mixed according to volume ratio 1:1:1:0.5～3 by ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate.
The present invention has strengthened the stability of lithium titanate anode at pre-charging stage formation passivating film by add film for additive in electrolyte, has effectively solved the problem of the easy flatulence of lithium titanate battery.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of lithium ion battery that adopts this electrolyte.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention also is to provide a kind of lithium ion battery that adopts this electrolyte, comprises positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte; Described negative pole comprises negative electrode active material lithium titanate 85wt.%～94wt.%, conductive agent 3wt.%～10wt.%, negative pole aqueous binders 3wt.%～5wt.% and additive for electrode 0wt.%～1wt.%; Described positive pole comprises positive active material 90wt.%～95wt.%, conductive agent 2wt.%～5wt.%, anodal aqueous binders 3wt.%～5wt.% and additive for electrode 0wt.%～1wt.%.
Described lithium titanate is the modified lithium titanate of single-phase lithium titanate or coated with carbon, and its primary particle is nanoscale.
Described negative pole aqueous binders is the combination in any of three kinds of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and butadiene-styrene rubber, LA132 or LA133, at least a in butadiene-styrene rubber, LA132 or LA133.
Described additive for electrode is oxalic acid or hydrochloric acid.
Described positive active material is LiFePO4 LiFePO
4, ternary material LiNi
xMn
yCo
(1-x-y)O
2Or lithium-rich manganese-based material zLi
2MnO
3(1-z) LiMO
2In one or more; Wherein, ternary material LiNi
xMn
yCo
(1-x-y)O
2In, 0＜x＜1, y＜0.5, x+y＜1; Lithium-rich manganese-based material zLi
2MnO
3(1-z) LiMO
2In, 0＜z＜1, M=Ni
0.5Mn
0.5Or Ni
xMn
yCo
(1-x-y)O
2, 0＜x＜1, y＜0.5, x+y＜1.
Described anodal aqueous binders is the combination in any of two kinds of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and LA132 or LA133, at least a in LA132 or LA133.
The present invention replaces organic binder bond with aqueous binders, has overcome the organic binder bond use amount large, and production cost is high, contaminated environment, the shortcomings such as infringement health.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of preparation method who adopts the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention also is to provide a kind of preparation method who adopts the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of material:
A) negative electrode active material lithium titanate, conductive agent, negative pole aqueous binders and additive for electrode are joined by formula ratio make cathode size in pure water and be coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into negative plate;
B) positive active material, conductive agent, anodal aqueous binders and additive for electrode are joined by formula ratio make anode sizing agent in pure water and be coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into positive plate;
C) ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate are pressed formula ratio and mixed, then the preparation solvent joins electrolyte and film for additive and consists of electrolyte in solvent by formula ratio;
2) adopt polyalkene diaphragm, by the lamination mode, positive plate and negative plate are made the aluminum plastic film flexible packaged battery core, then drying, injection electrolyte, sealing, make soft-package battery;
3) soft-package battery is changed into constant volume, obtain lithium ion battery.
In described step 3), soft-package battery environment of living in is 30～60 ℃, and changes into processing with 0.01C～0.2C electric current.
The present invention is simple to operate, raw material sources are extensive, is convenient to industrialization promotion.
The present invention increases lithium titanate anode when pre-charging stage forms Stability of Passive Film; change into aging techniques in conjunction with high temperature passivating film is carried out reconstruction; reach the protective effect to the deep layer passivating film; further improved the stability of passivating film; thereby suppressed the continuous reduction reaction of electrolyte and lithium titanate anode; effectively solved and adopted aqueous binders to replace the problem of the easier flatulence of lithium titanate battery of organic binder bond; guarantee cycle performance that lithium titanate battery is superior and good fail safe, be conducive to applying of lithium titanate battery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is 1000 cycle performances of embodiment 1 battery;
Fig. 2 is the discharge curve of embodiment 1 battery under different cycles;
Fig. 3 is 1000 cycle performances of embodiment 2 batteries;
Fig. 4 is the discharge curves of embodiment 2 batteries under different cycles;
Fig. 5 is 1000 cycle performances of embodiment 3 batteries;
Fig. 6 is the discharge curves of embodiment 3 batteries under different cycles:
Fig. 7 is 1000 cycle performances of embodiment 4 batteries;
Fig. 8 is the discharge curves of embodiment 4 batteries under different cycles.
Embodiment
The electrolyte for lithium ion battery of the present embodiment take lithium titanate as negative pole comprises the component of following percetage by weight: lithium hexafluoro phosphate 15%, fluorinated ethylene carbonate 3%, vinylene carbonate 2% and solvent 80%; Wherein solvent is mixed according to volume ratio 1:1:1:0.5 by ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate.
The present embodiment adopts the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprise positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, wherein, negative pole comprises the single-phase lithium titanate (primary particle is nanoscale) of 85wt.%, the carbon nano-tube of 4wt.%, the conductive black of 6wt.%, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose of 1.5wt.%, the butadiene-styrene rubber of 2.5wt.% and the oxalic acid of 1wt.%; Positive pole comprises the LiFePO of 92.5wt.%
4, the carbon nano-tube of 1wt.%, the conductive black of 2.5wt.% and the LA132 of 4wt.%.
The present embodiment adopts the preparation method of the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of material:
A) single-phase lithium titanate, carbon nano-tube, conductive black, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, butadiene-styrene rubber and oxalic acid are joined in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make cathode size, and cathode size be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into negative plate;
B) with LiFePO
4, carbon nano-tube, conductive black and LA132 join in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make anode sizing agent, and anode sizing agent be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into positive plate;
C) ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate are pressed formula ratio and mixed, make solvent, then by formula ratio, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate and vinylene carbonate are joined and consist of electrolyte in solvent;
2) adopt polyalkene diaphragm, by the lamination mode, positive plate and negative plate are made the aluminum plastic film flexible packaged battery core, then drying, injection electrolyte, sealing, make soft-package battery;
3) with soft-package battery under 30 ℃ of environment, carry out the processing that changes into of 0.01C electric current, obtain lithium ion battery.
1000 cycle performance results of the present embodiment battery, as shown in Figure 1.
The discharge curve of the present embodiment battery under different cycles, as shown in Figure 2.
Embodiment 2
The electrolyte for lithium ion battery of the present embodiment take lithium titanate as negative pole comprises the component of following percetage by weight: lithium hexafluoro phosphate 10%, di-oxalate lithium borate 2% and solvent 88%; Wherein solvent is mixed according to volume ratio 1:1:1:1 by ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate.
The present embodiment adopts the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprise positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, wherein, negative pole comprises the modified lithium titanate (primary particle is nanoscale) of the coated with carbon of 94wt.%, the conductive black of 3wt.%, the LA132 of 2.5wt.% and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose of 0.5wt.%; Positive pole comprises the 0.5Li of 95wt.%
2MnO
30.5LiNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2, the conductive black of 1wt.%, the electrically conductive graphite of 1wt.%, the LA132 of 2wt.% and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose of 1wt.%.
The present embodiment adopts the preparation method of the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprises the following steps:
A) modified lithium titanate, conductive black, LA132 and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose with coated with carbon joins in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make cathode size, and cathode size be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into negative plate;
B) with 0.5Li
2MnO
30.5LiNi
0.5Mn
0.5O
2, conductive black, electrically conductive graphite, LA132 and sodium carboxymethylcellulose join in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make anode sizing agent, and anode sizing agent be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into positive plate;
C) ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate are pressed formula ratio and mixed, make solvent, then by formula ratio, lithium hexafluoro phosphate and di-oxalate lithium borate are joined and consist of electrolyte in solvent;
2) adopt polyalkene diaphragm, by the lamination mode, positive plate and negative plate are made the aluminum plastic film flexible packaged battery core, then drying, injection electrolyte, sealing, make soft-package battery;
3) with soft-package battery under 40 ℃ of environment, carry out the processing that changes into of 0.05C electric current, obtain lithium ion battery.
1000 cycle performance results of the present embodiment battery, as shown in Figure 3.
The discharge curve of the present embodiment battery under different cycles, as shown in Figure 4.
Embodiment 3
The electrolyte for lithium ion battery of the present embodiment take lithium titanate as negative pole comprises the component of following percetage by weight: lithium hexafluoro phosphate 12.5%, di-oxalate lithium borate 1.5%, PS 1%, vinylene carbonate 1% and solvent 84%; Wherein solvent is mixed according to volume ratio 1:1:1:2 by ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate.
The present embodiment adopts the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprise positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, wherein, negative pole comprises the modified lithium titanate (primary particle is nanoscale) of the coated with carbon of 89.5wt.%, the conductive black of 3wt.%, the electrically conductive graphite of 2wt.%, the LA133 of 5wt.% and the oxalic acid of 0.5wt.%; Positive pole comprises the LiNi of 90wt.%
1/3Mn
1/3Co
1/3O
2, the conductive black of 3wt.%, the electrically conductive graphite of 2wt.%, the LA133 of 4wt.% and the oxalic acid of 1wt.%.
The present embodiment adopts the preparation method of the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of material:
A) modified lithium titanate, conductive black, electrically conductive graphite, LA133 and the oxalic acid with coated with carbon joins in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make cathode size, and cathode size be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into negative plate;
B) with LiNi
1/3Mn
1/3Co
1/3O
2, conductive black, electrically conductive graphite, LA133 and oxalic acid joins in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make anode sizing agent, and anode sizing agent be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into positive plate;
C) ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate being pressed formula ratio mixes, make solvent, then by formula ratio, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, di-oxalate lithium borate, PS and vinylene carbonate are joined and consist of electrolyte in solvent:
2) adopt polyalkene diaphragm, by the lamination mode, positive plate and negative plate are made the aluminum plastic film flexible packaged battery core, then drying, injection electrolyte, sealing, make soft-package battery;
3) with soft-package battery under 50 ℃ of environment, carry out the processing that changes into of 0.1C electric current, obtain lithium ion battery.
1000 cycle performance results of the present embodiment battery, as shown in Figure 5.
The discharge curve of the present embodiment battery under different cycles, as shown in Figure 6.
The electrolyte for lithium ion battery of the present embodiment take lithium titanate as negative pole comprises the component of following percetage by weight: lithium hexafluoro phosphate 13%, vinylene carbonate 2% and solvent 85%; Wherein solvent is mixed according to volume ratio 1:1:1:3 by ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate.
The present embodiment adopts the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprise positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte, wherein, negative pole comprises the LA133 of LA132, the 3wt.% of the electrically conductive graphite of the conductive black of the single-phase lithium titanate (primary particle is nanoscale) of 88wt.%, 3wt.%, 3wt.%, 2wt.% and the hydrochloric acid of 1wt.%; Positive pole comprises the LiFePO of 42.5wt.%
4, 50wt.% LiNi
1/3Mn
1/3Co
1/3O
2, the LA133 of LA132,3wt.% of electrically conductive graphite, 2wt.% of 2wt.% and the hydrochloric acid of 0.5wt.%.
The present embodiment adopts the preparation method of the lithium ion battery of this electrolyte, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of material:
A) single-phase lithium titanate, conductive black, electrically conductive graphite, LA132, LA133 and hydrochloric acid are joined in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make cathode size, and cathode size be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into negative plate;
B) with LiFePO
4, LiNi
1/3Mn
1/3Co
1/3O
2, electrically conductive graphite, LA132, LA133 and hydrochloric acid joins in pure water by formula ratio, after mix and blend, make anode sizing agent, and anode sizing agent be uniformly coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into positive plate;
C) ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate are pressed formula ratio and are mixed, make solvent, then by formula ratio, lithium hexafluoro phosphate, vinylene carbonate are joined and consist of electrolyte in solvent:
2) adopt polyalkene diaphragm, by the lamination mode, positive plate and negative plate are made the aluminum plastic film flexible packaged battery core, then drying, injection electrolyte, sealing, make soft-package battery;
3) with soft-package battery under 60 ℃ of environment, carry out the processing that changes into of 0.2C electric current, obtain lithium ion battery.
1000 cycle performance results of the present embodiment battery, as shown in Figure 7.
The discharge curve of the present embodiment battery under different cycles, as shown in Figure 8.
Comparative Examples 1
In this Comparative Examples, the step of implementing is identical with embodiment 3, and difference is: the soft-package battery of preparation changes into processing under 25 ℃ of environment of normal temperature.
Comparative Examples 2
In this Comparative Examples, the step of implementing is identical with embodiment 3, and difference is: electrolyte is not for adding the lithium-ion electrolyte of film for additive.The soft-package battery of preparation changes into processing under 25 ℃ of environment of normal temperature.
Experimental example
Capability retention and the circulation front and back cell thickness variation of each embodiment battery under different cycle periods is as shown in table 1, can find out by contrast: add film for additive in electrolyte after, can obviously suppress lithium titanate battery flatulence problem.Change into and aging techniques in conjunction with high temperature when adding film for additive, can effectively solve the problem that adopts aqueous binders to replace the easier flatulence of lithium titanate battery of organic binder bond, guaranteed cycle performance that lithium titanate battery is superior and good fail safe.
Before and after capability retention under table 1 embodiment 1-4 cycle periods different from Comparative Examples 1-2 and circulation, cell thickness changes
Annotate: cell thickness * 100% before thickness change=(cell thickness before cell thickness after circulation-circulation)/circulation
Claims (10)
1. a negative pole lithium titanate battery electrolyte, is characterized in that, comprises the component of following percetage by weight: electrolyte 10%～15%, solvent 80%～88% and film for additive 2%～5%; Film for additive is one or more in fluorinated ethylene carbonate, di-oxalate lithium borate, PS or vinylene carbonate.
2. a kind of negative pole lithium titanate battery electrolyte according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described solvent is mixed according to volume ratio 1:1:1:0.5～3 by ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate.
3. one kind is adopted the lithium ion battery of electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprises positive pole, negative pole and electrolyte; Described negative pole comprises negative electrode active material lithium titanate 85wt.%～94wt.%, conductive agent 3wt.%～10wt.%, negative pole aqueous binders 3wt.%～5wt.% and additive for electrode 0wt.%～1wt.%; Described positive pole comprises positive active material 90wt.%～95wt.%, conductive agent 2wt.%～5wt.%, anodal aqueous binders 3wt.%～5wt.% and additive for electrode 0wt.%～1wt.%.
4. a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described lithium titanate is the modified lithium titanate of single-phase lithium titanate or coated with carbon, and its primary particle is nanoscale.
5. a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described negative pole aqueous binders is the combination in any of three kinds of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and butadiene-styrene rubber, LA132 or LA133, at least a in butadiene-styrene rubber, LA132 or LA133.
6. a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described additive for electrode is oxalic acid or hydrochloric acid.
7. a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described positive active material is LiFePO4 LiFePO
4, ternary material LiNi
xMn
yCo
(1-x-y)O
2Or lithium-rich manganese-based material zLi
2MnO
3(1-z) LiMO
2In one or more; Wherein, ternary material LiNi
xMn
yCo
(1-x-y)O
2In, 0＜x＜1, y＜0.5, x+y＜1; Lithium-rich manganese-based material zLi
2MnO
3(1-z) LiMO
2In, 0＜z＜1, M=Ni
0.5Mn
0.5Or Ni
xMn
yCo
(1-x-y)O
2, 0＜x＜1, y＜0.5, x+y＜1.
8. a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described anodal aqueous binders is the combination in any of two kinds of sodium carboxymethylcellulose and LA132 or LA133, at least a in LA132 or LA133.
9. the preparation method of a lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of material:
A) negative electrode active material lithium titanate, conductive agent, negative pole aqueous binders and additive for electrode are joined by formula ratio make cathode size in pure water and be coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into negative plate;
B) positive active material, conductive agent, anodal aqueous binders and additive for electrode are joined by formula ratio make anode sizing agent in pure water and be coated on the aluminium collector, then dry, shear, be rolled into positive plate;
C) ethylene carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propene carbonate are pressed formula ratio and mixed, then the preparation solvent joins electrolyte and film for additive and consists of electrolyte in solvent by formula ratio;
2) adopt polyalkene diaphragm, by the lamination mode, positive plate and negative plate are made the aluminum plastic film flexible packaged battery core, then drying, injection electrolyte, sealing, make soft-package battery;
3) soft-package battery is changed into constant volume, obtain lithium ion battery.
10. the preparation method of a kind of lithium ion battery according to claim 9, is characterized in that, in described step 3), soft-package battery environment of living in is 30～60 ℃, and change into processing with 0.01C～0.2C electric current.
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| CN114388887A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-22 | 深圳市比亚迪锂电池有限公司 | Electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
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