CN103115680A - Super sensitive spectrograph and spectrum detection method - Google Patents
Super sensitive spectrograph and spectrum detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a super sensitive spectrograph which comprises an optical unit and an electric unit. The optical unit comprises an incidence slit, a light collimating part, concave mirrors, a grating light-dividing part, a spatial light modulator and a convergence light-receiving part, the concave mirrors comprise a first concave mirror and a second concave mirror, and the electric unit comprises a random number generator, a single photon point detector, a counter, a control module, a data packet storage and a compression sensing module. To-be-detected quite-weak light incomes through the incidence slit and goes through the light collimating part and the first concave mirror for beam expanding and collimating so as to enable the light to be parallel light, the parallel light is irradiated on the grating light-dividing part to generate a grating reflecting light field and reflected by the second concave mirror to be unfolded on the spatial light modulator to form a spectrum band, the spatial light modulator randomly modulates the spectrum band to enable emergent light of the spectrum band to be emitted to the convergence light-receiving part at a certain random probability, and the convergence light-receiving part filters stray light and transmits the filtered light to the single photon point detector in the electric unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical field, particularly a kind of hypersensitive spectrometer and spectral method of detection.
Background technology
The research of a large amount of life sciences, material science, chemistry, energy science needs to understand the light distribution of composition under different wave length that comprises in research object essentially, and spectral analysis is to obtain one of the most effective nondestructive analysis means of analysis of components.Conventional spectrometers needs the mode of one dimension spectrum with sub-scanning realized, the drawback of bringing is the sampling time must reserve sufficient space to scanning, moreover, must adopt line or bin detector to survey.Thereby there are two large thorny problems: dimension problem and sensitivity problem.
The principle of the decomposed spectrum that adopts according to spectrometer can be divided into two large classes: classical spectrometer and novel spectrometer.Classical spectrometer is the instrument that is based upon on spatial dispersion (light splitting) principle; Novel spectrometer is the instrument that is based upon on modulation principle, therefore be called again modulating spectrometer.Classical spectrometer can be divided into instrument according to its chromatic dispersion principle: prism spectrometer, diffraction grating spectrometer and interference spectroscope.Wherein, the incident ray of conventional raster-scan spectrometer and the direction of emergent ray are fixed, and carry out light splitting under grating rotates.And the principle of interference spectroscope is: when its index glass moves, just change through the optical path difference between two bundle coherent lights of interferometer, the measured light intensity of detector also changes thereupon, thereby obtains interferogram, through after the mathematical operation of Fourier transform, just can obtain the spectrum of incident light.Classical spectrometer is all to move to improve spectrometer resolution by raster scanning or index glass in essence, but increase rate is limited.
The wavelength respective range of conventional spectrometers also is subject to sensitivity and light path, the wave band that can work is very limited, the normal light spectral limit is very narrow, as ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS) 185～400nm, visible spectrometry 380～780nm, near infrared spectrometer 780～2500nm etc. there is no the spectrometer that can contain ultra-wide spectrum and come out.
Because most spectrometers still adopt linear array or planar array detector, as CCD, ICCD, EMCCD etc., usually utilize multichannel measurement that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is improved.And the certain hour that need to expose when the utmost point low light level is surveyed also claims integral time, and on average the luminous flux to the unit picture element is very little, and extremely difficult Measurement accuracy drops on the light intensity value on this pixel.Can measure the light signal of how much intensity and the minimum integration time has directly determined this linear array or planar array detector, end is got up, and is the problem of sensitivity.This index is to weigh the key index that optical system is collected the ability of light.This index is similar to the index of brightness on calculating, the physical quantity that in fact really limits spectrometer is brightness, rather than flux.It is the key index of weighing the spectrometer performance index that resolution multiply by sensitivity.Resolution also claims spectral bandwidth, can analyze qualitative, quantitatively the spectral intensity information of object under test by it.And sensitivity is relevant with outer light path and circuit part: on light path, be subjected to the impact of optical element collection efficiency and parasitic light, can increase pixel in the band vertical direction, higher effective measuring height is provided, and then collect in vertical direction more light signal, they add up and can greatly improve collection efficiency to light signal; And aspect circuit, can only rely on the lifting of detector sensitivity, present ICCD, EMCCD are known as can accomplish single photon detection, but needs degree of depth semiconductor refrigerating, and cost is expensive, ICCD has the gate-width of nanosecond, can realize high time resolution, but spatial resolution has significantly sacrificing, and the EMCCD spatial resolution is better, but can only realize the Millisecond time resolution, both common issue with are all that under the low light level, control and the linearity to noise of instrument exported.In a word, existing spectrometer Shortcomings in sensitivity particularly has the application scenario of particular requirement for sensitivity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of spectrometer of the prior art in sensitivity, thereby a kind of hypersensitive spectrometer is provided.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of hypersensitive spectrometer, comprise optical unit I and electrical units II; Wherein, optical unit I comprises entrance slit 1, optical alignment parts 2, concave mirror 3, grating beam splitting parts 4, spatial light modulator 5, assembles light absorbing part spare 6; Described concave mirror 3 comprises the first concave mirror 3-1, the second concave mirror 3-2; Electrical units II comprises randomizer 9, single photon point probe 10, counter 11, control module 12, packet memory 13 and compressed sensing module 14;
Then other utmost point low light level to be measured of single-photon-level does expanding and collimating via described entrance slit 1 incident to the utmost point low light level to be measured by described optical alignment parts 2 and the first concave mirror 3-1, make the described utmost point low light level to be measured become directional light; Described directional light shines described grating beam splitting parts 4 and generates the optical grating reflection light field, then through described the second concave mirror 3-2 reflection, and then launch to form band on described spatial light modulator 5; 5 pairs of formed bands of described spatial light modulator carry out Stochastic Modulation, make its emergent light launch to assembling light absorbing part spare 6 with certain random chance; Described convergence light absorbing part spare 6 filtering parasitic lights are transferred to single photon point probe 10 in described electrical units II with the utmost point low light level to be measured after filtering;
Described randomizer 9 produces random number and offers described spatial light modulator 5, and described spatial light modulator 5 realizes Stochastic Modulation according to this random number; Each single photon point that described single photon point probe 10 is surveyed in the utmost point low light levels to be measured is exported after converting the light signal that collects to the effective impulse signal; Described counter 11 records the number of the single photon point that described single photon point probe 10 detects; 12 pairs of whole hypersensitive spectrometers of described control module are controlled coordination, comprise to each parts enable and trigger pulse is controlled, guarantee to act in agreement between described counter 11 and spatial light modulator 5; The random base that the number of the single photon point that described counter 11 records and randomizer 9 generate is packaged in described packet memory 13 together, described compressed sensing module 14 realizes the band signal reconstruction according to number and the random base of described single photon point, obtains the spectral intensity curve.
In technique scheme, described optical unit I also comprises catoptron 7 and exit slit 8; Described catoptron 7 is used for spectral reflectance receiving or entering other optical system for other type detector and to measure research to exit slit 8 between the light path of described the second concave mirror 3-2 and spatial light modulator 5.
In technique scheme, described grating beam splitting parts 4 with the different wave length field by wavelength from being short to long projecting successively on the diverse location of described spatial light modulator 5.
In technique scheme, described spatial light modulator 5 adopts Digital Micromirror Device to realize.
In technique scheme, with the diagonal line of the described Digital Micromirror Device image space as described band.
In technique scheme, described convergence light absorbing part spare 6 comprises optical filter and attenuator.
In technique scheme, described single photon point probe 10 adopts Geiger mode angular position digitizer avalanche diode or photomultiplier to realize.
In technique scheme, described control module 12 is guaranteed to act in agreement between described counter 11 and spatial light modulator 5 and comprised: the every upset of micro mirror array in described spatial light modulator 5 once, all photons that described counter 11 stored counts detected in the interval in this flip-flop transition, after upset is completed, counter 11 zero clearings.
In technique scheme, any one in the described compressed sensing module 14 following algorithms of employing realized compressed sensing: greedy reconstruction algorithm, coupling track algorithm MP, quadrature coupling track algorithm OMP, basic track algorithm BP, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian Estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwIST algorithm, l
0Reconstruction algorithm, l
1Reconstruction algorithm, l
2Reconstruction algorithm.
The present invention also provides a kind of spectral method of detection that realizes based on described hypersensitive spectrometer, comprising:
The step of step 1), single-photon incident;
Then other utmost point low light level to be measured of single-photon-level does expanding and collimating via described entrance slit 1 incident to the utmost point low light level to be measured by described optical alignment parts 2 and the first concave mirror 3-1, make the described utmost point low light level to be measured become directional light; Described directional light shines described grating beam splitting parts 4 and generates the optical grating reflection light field, then through described the second concave mirror 3-2 reflection, and then launch to form band on described spatial light modulator 5; 5 pairs of formed bands of described spatial light modulator carry out Stochastic Modulation, make its emergent light launch to assembling light absorbing part spare 6 with certain random chance; Described convergence light absorbing part spare 6 filtering parasitic lights are transferred to single photon point probe 10 in described electrical units II with the utmost point low light level to be measured after filtering;
Step 2), detect the step of single photon and counting;
Each single photon point that described single photon point probe 10 is surveyed in the utmost point low light levels to be measured is exported after converting the light signal that collects to the effective impulse signal; Described counter 11 records the number of the single photon point that described single photon point probe 10 detects;
The step of step 3), compressed sensing;
The random base that the number of the single photon point that described counter 11 records and randomizer 9 generate is packaged in described packet memory 13 together, described compressed sensing module 14 realizes the band signal reconstruction according to number and the random base of described single photon point, obtains the spectral intensity curve.
In technique scheme, also comprising the step that the corresponding wavelength of each pixel on described spatial light modulator 5 diagonals is demarcated before step 1), comprising:
The laser instrument of selected several specific wavelengths, each monochromatic light is through projecting specific certain point on described spatial light modulator 5 diagonal line after described grating beam splitting parts 4, identify this point to should specific wavelength, repeated multiple timesly obtain many measurement points, spectral distribution between adjacent two points is done linear partition, thereby completes the demarcation to each pixel institute corresponding wavelength on whole diagonal line.
In technique scheme, also comprised the step that improves instrument signal to noise ratio before step 1).
The invention has the advantages that:
the present invention has adopted newest fruits-compressed sensing (Compressive Sensing of Mathematics Research, be called for short CS) theory, in conjunction with modern ripe single photon detection technical conditions, need not linear array or detector array, also need not scanning, only realize with a single photon point probe sampling that band distributes, and rebuild specrtal band intensity information with a small amount of measurement scale, undoubtedly, this method has ultra-sensitivity, saved dimension, and save cost than linear array or detector array, dimension effectively, the problems such as sensitivity, with traditional spectrometer existence difference in essence.this hypersensitive spectrometer is with the obvious advantage, uniquely in the world can possess simultaneously single photon detection sensitivity, super wide continuous spectrum, realize the band reconstruction with point probe, need not scanning, need not time exposure (integral time), high flux, high s/n ratio, high resolving power, high stability, the most advanced spectrometric instrument of the characteristics such as ultralow measurement scale, to carry out materialogy, physics, chemistry, the indispensable quantitative and qualitative analysis instrument of the relevant rudimentary Disciplinary Frontiers such as biotics research, can be widely used in single molecule biophysics learns, fault in material detects, nano material, microelectronics, quantum dot, numerous rising and high-tech industries such as life science and new forms of energy photoelectric conversion material field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of supersensitive spectrometer of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of spectral intensity curve;
Fig. 3 is the description figure of the reflex mechanism of the single micro mirror in DMD.
Embodiment
Now the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Of the present invention have supersensitive spectrometer and utilized compressed sensing (Compressive Sensing, be called for short CS) principle, described compressed sensing principle is a brand-new mathematical theory that is proposed by people such as Donoho, Tao and Candes, can ideally recover original signal with the mode of stochastic sampling, data sampling number (far below the limit of Nyquist/Shannon's sampling theorem) by still less according to this theory, and have higher robustness.Compressed sensing mainly is divided into three steps: compression sampling, sparse conversion and algorithm are rebuild; Wherein, compression sampling refers to that measured signal is by the process of higher-dimension to low-dimensional mapping and collection; Described sparse conversion is to choose suitable factor Ψ, and it is sparse making x change income value x ' through Ψ, but i.e. x sparse expression under the Ψ framework; It is at known observation data y that described algorithm is rebuild, measure the process of finding the solution y=A Ψ x'+e under the condition of matrix A and framework Ψ, at last again by
Be finally inversed by x.
Partly in the rectangular broken line frame in optical unit I(Fig. 1) and electrical units II with reference to figure 1, of the present inventionly comprise based on the supersensitive spectrometer of having of compressed sensing principle:; Wherein, optical unit I comprises entrance slit 1, optical alignment parts 2, concave mirror 3, grating beam splitting parts 4, spatial light modulator 5, assembles light absorbing part spare 6, catoptron 7 and exit slit 8; Described concave mirror 3 has two, uses respectively the first concave mirror 3-1, and the second concave mirror 3-2 represents.Electrical units II comprises randomizer 9, single photon point probe 10, counter 11, control module 12, packet memory 13 and compressed sensing module 14.
In optical unit I, other utmost point low light level to be measured of single-photon-level enters the hypersensitive spectrometer by entrance slit 1, then by optical alignment parts 2 and the first concave mirror 3-1, the utmost point low light level to be measured is done expanding and collimating, and makes the described utmost point low light level to be measured become directional light; Described directional light shines grating beam splitting parts 4, and should cover as far as possible whole grating face; The optical grating reflection light field that grating beam splitting parts 4 generate is again through the second concave mirror 3-2 reflection, and then expansion forms band on spatial light modulator 5, makes different wave length implementation space separation on the focal plane; 5 pairs of formed bands of spatial light modulator carry out Stochastic Modulation, make its emergent light launch to assembling light absorbing part spare 6 with certain random chance; Described convergence light absorbing part spare 6 is used for the filtering parasitic light, and the utmost point low light level to be measured after filtering is transferred to single photon point probe 10 in electrical units II; Described catoptron 7 is used for spectral reflectance receiving or entering other optical system for other type detector and to measure research to exit slit 8 between the light path of the second concave mirror 3-2 and spatial light modulator 5.
In electrical units II, randomizer 9 is used for generating random number, and the random number that produces offers spatial light modulator 5, and described spatial light modulator 5 realizes Stochastic Modulation according to this random number; Described single photon point probe 10 is used for surveying each single photon point of the utmost point low light level to be measured, exports after converting the light signal that collects to the effective impulse signal; Described counter 11 is used for the number of the single photon point that record photon point probe 10 detects; Described control module 12 is used for whole hypersensitive spectrometer is controlled coordination, comprise to each parts enable and trigger pulse is controlled, guarantee to act in agreement between counter 11 and spatial light modulator (SLM) 5; The random base that the number of the single photon point that counter 11 records and randomizer 9 generate is corresponding one by one, be packaged into together in packet memory 13, import at last in compressed sensing module 14, realize the band signal reconstruction in this module, last output spectrum intensity curve (λ, I).
Be more than the description to the general structure of spectrometer of the present invention, the below is further described the specific implementation of all parts in spectrometer.
Slit is the gap that is formed on light-path by a pair of dividing plate, purity and intensity that entrance slit 1 is used for regulating incident light, and the object point of formation spectrometer, exit slit 8 is used for bright dipping.
Described grating beam splitting parts 4 are used for the spectrum light splitting, these parts adopt the working method of dispersion formula light splitting, dispersion element in grating beam splitting parts 4 (prism or grating) with the different wave length field by wavelength from being short to long projecting successively on the diverse location of spatial light modulator (SLM) 5, need not to scan, each spectral band obtains simultaneously.In this light splitting mode, the height of spectral resolution is directly proportional to the collimation of the incident light that arrives dispersion element (prism or grating), and the better spectral resolution of collimation is higher.In the present embodiment, described grating beam splitting parts 4 adopt blazed grating to realize.
Described spatial light modulator (SLM) 5 can load on information on the optical data field of one dimension or bidimensional, it is the Primary Component in the contemporary optics such as real-time optical information processing, adaptive optics and photometry calculation field, this class device can be under the control of time dependent electric drive signal or other signals, change photodistributed amplitude or intensity, phase place, polarization state and wavelength on the space, perhaps incoherent light is changed into coherent light.Its kind has a variety of, mainly contains Digital Micromirror Device (Digital Micro-mirror Device is called for short DMD), frosted glass, liquid crystal light valve etc.In the present embodiment, described SLM is Digital Micromirror Device, comprises micro mirror array and integrated circuit part.In other embodiments, can be also the SLM of other type.
the DMD that adopts in the present embodiment includes the thousands of arrays that are arranged on the micro mirror on hinge (DMD of main flow is made of 1024 * 768 array, maximum can be to 2048 * 1152), each eyeglass is of a size of 14 μ m * 14 μ m(or 16 μ m * 16 μ m) and light that can a pixel of break-make, these micro mirrors are all suspending, by the storage unit under each eyeglass is carried out electronic addressing with the scale-of-two planed signal, just can allow each eyeglass 10～12 ° of left and right (getting in the present embodiment+12 ° and-12 °) that tilt to both sides with electrostatic means, this two states is designated as 1 and 0, respectively corresponding " opening " and " pass ", when eyeglass is not worked, they are in " berthing " state of 0 °.
In Fig. 3, the reflex mechanism of the single micro mirror in DMD is described.The baseline when fine line in figure represents single micro mirror initial position and normal are got and are just clockwise turned to, counterclockwise for negative.When the initial normal of incident ray and this becomes 24 °, reflection ray also becomes 24 ° with initial normal, but when+12 ° of micro mirror upsets, in this legend the normal of micro mirror turn clockwise thereupon+12 °, according to reflection law, reflection ray need turn clockwise+24 °, namely with initial normal on same straight line, the receive direction that this initial normal direction can be set is single photon point probe 10.In like manner, when-12 ° of micro mirror upsets, reflection ray at this moment becomes-48 ° with initial normal, almost can not 10 receptions of coverlet photon point probe, can ignore.Exit direction when certainly receive direction also can be set to micro mirror-12 ° upset.
Need to prove, for the resolution length that makes band long as far as possible, can choose the diagonal line of DMD as the image space of band, and in DMD, the reverses direction of each micro mirror is just diagonal, if with the DMD diagonal line as horizontal direction, the band image space also in the horizontal direction, the pixel that this method obtains is maximum, for example the DMD diagonal line of 2048 * 1152 sizes is reducible reaches 2350 pixels.
Assemble light absorbing part spare 6 and comprise optical filter and attenuator, described optical filter is used for the parasitic light of filtering photometry to be checked, when light to be detected is more intense, needs to adopt the combination of many group attenuators to carry out optical attenuation, and is saturated to prevent single photon point probe 10.
In the present embodiment, described single photon point probe 10 adopts Geiger mode angular position digitizer avalanche diode (avalanche photodiode, be called for short APD), in other embodiments, this point probe also replaceable one-tenth other have the point probe of single photon detection ability, as photomultiplier Photomultiplier tube(PMT).
The control that described control module 12 realizes refer to each parts enable control with trigger pulse, the coordination that this module realizes mainly realizes the step between counter 11 and SLM5 is coordinated, the every upset of micro mirror array in SLM5 once, all photons that counter 11 stored counts detected in the interval in this flip-flop transition, after upset is completed, counter O reset, the stochastic matrix that all countings and random number generation module 9 produce (random base) packing is reached in packet memory 13.
The count value that described compressed sensing module 14 obtains according to counter 11, random measurement matrix (are comprised of some random bases, and single random base is to be stretched by certain stochastic matrix to obtain) carry out the sparse conversion of compressed sensing and band is rebuild, obtain spectral intensity curve (λ, I).This module only needs a small amount of linear random projection of compressible band just can reconstruct band, and utilize the matrix fill-in theory to make up signal deletion in band, wherein, described sparse conversion is to choose suitable Ψ, but make band signal x can be under the Ψ framework sparse expression.The algorithm that adopts during compressed sensing has multiple, comprises greedy reconstruction algorithm, coupling track algorithm MP, quadrature coupling track algorithm OMP, basic track algorithm BP, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian Estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwIST algorithm, l
0Reconstruction algorithm, l
1Reconstruction algorithm, l
2Reconstruction algorithm etc. adopt any one in above-mentioned algorithm all can realize the present invention.
It is more than the structure explanation to spectrometer of the present invention.The below is described the course of work of this spectrometer.
Spectrometer of the present invention comprises the following steps when work:
The step of step 1), single-photon incident.
Other utmost point low light level to be measured of single-photon-level enters the hypersensitive spectrometer by entrance slit 1, then by optical alignment parts 2 and the first concave mirror 3-1, the utmost point low light level to be measured is done expanding and collimating, and makes the described utmost point low light level to be measured become directional light; Described directional light shines grating beam splitting parts 4; The optical grating reflection light field that grating beam splitting parts 4 generate is again through the second concave mirror 3-2 emission, and then expansion forms band on spatial light modulator 5, makes different wave length implementation space separation on the focal plane; Spatial light modulator 5 carries out Stochastic Modulation to formed band under the effect of the random number that tandom number generator 9 produces, make band launch to assembling light absorbing part spare 6 with certain random chance; The utmost point low light level to be measured after described convergence light absorbing part spare 6 will filter is transferred to the single photon point probe 10 in electrical units II.
Step 2), detect the step of single photon and counting.
Single photon point probe 10 is surveyed each single photon point in the utmost point low light levels to be measured, exports after converting the light signal that collects to the effective impulse signal; Described counter 11 is used for the number of the single photon point that record photon point probe 10 detects.
The step of step 3), compressed sensing.
The random base that the number of the single photon point that counter 11 records and randomizer 9 generate is corresponding one by one, be packaged into together in packet memory 13, import at last in compressed sensing module 14, realize the band signal reconstruction in this module, last output spectrum intensity curve (λ, I).
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the spectral intensity curve that generates at last, in this example, suppose that band is very narrow, only has single row of pixels wide, and on this single file on each pixel per second only have twenties photons to arrive, light intensity is pressed power calculation 10
-18W magnitude, the wavelength response range of Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) coordinate the specific grating of a plurality of wave bands at 350nm～2700nm, just can realize super wide continuous spectrum.
As a kind of preferred implementation, in another embodiment, comprising the step that the corresponding wavelength of each pixel on Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) diagonal is demarcated before step 1).At timing signal, the laser instrument of general selected several specific wavelengths, each monochromatic light is through projecting specific certain point on Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) diagonal line after grating beam splitting parts 4, identify this point to should specific wavelength, repeated multiple timesly obtain many measurement points, spectral distribution between adjacent two points is done linear partition, thereby completes the demarcation to each pixel institute corresponding wavelength on whole diagonal line.By this proving operation, help to improve the accuracy of measurement.
As a kind of preferred implementation, In yet another embodiment, also included before step 1) and improve the instrument signal to noise ratio operation of (signal to noise ratio is called for short SNR).SNR is signal and the ratio of the variance of noise of instrument, and wherein noise of instrument comprises neighbourhood noise, optical noise, electrical noise (contain and calculate mentally number) etc., and variance can be regarded as the fluctuation situation of signal.If the fluctuation of signal has been flooded in the fluctuation of noise of instrument, the compressed sensing algorithm lost efficacy; If the fluctuation of noise of instrument less than or much smaller than the fluctuation of signal, can almost ideal reconstructed image.Improve instrument signal to noise ratio and help to improve image quality.The mode of raising instrument signal to noise ratio has multiple, as instrument is carried out enclosed package, improves relevant parameter and the stability of instrument of single photon point probe 10.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although with reference to embodiment, the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, do not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a hypersensitive spectrometer, is characterized in that, comprises optical unit (I) and electrical units (II); Wherein, optical unit (I) comprises entrance slit (1), optical alignment parts (2), concave mirror (3), grating beam splitting parts (4), spatial light modulator (5), assembles light absorbing part spare (6); Described concave mirror (3) comprises the first concave mirror (3-1), the second concave mirror (3-2); Electrical units (II) comprises randomizer (9), single photon point probe (10), counter (11), control module (12), packet memory (13) and compressed sensing module (14);
Then other utmost point low light level to be measured of single-photon-level does expanding and collimating via described entrance slit (1) incident to the utmost point low light level to be measured by described optical alignment parts (2) and the first concave mirror (3-1), make the described utmost point low light level to be measured become directional light; Described directional light shines described grating beam splitting parts (4) and generates the optical grating reflection light field, then passes through described the second concave mirror (3-2) reflection, and then at the upper formation band that launches of described spatial light modulator (5); Described spatial light modulator (5) carries out Stochastic Modulation to formed band, makes its emergent light launch to assembling light absorbing part spare (6) with certain random chance; Described convergence light absorbing part spare (6) filtering parasitic light is transferred to single photon point probe (10) in described electrical units (II) with the utmost point low light level to be measured after filtering;
Described randomizer (9) produces random number and offers described spatial light modulator (5), and described spatial light modulator (5) realizes Stochastic Modulation according to this random number; Described single photon point probe (10) is surveyed each single photon point in the utmost point low light level to be measured, exports after converting the light signal that collects to the effective impulse signal; Described counter (11) records the number of the single photon point that described single photon point probe (10) detects; Described control module (12) is controlled coordination to whole hypersensitive spectrometer, comprise to each parts enable and trigger pulse is controlled, guarantee to act in agreement between described counter (11) and spatial light modulator (5); The random base that the number of the single photon point that described counter (11) records and randomizer (9) generate is packaged in described packet memory (13) together, described compressed sensing module (14) realizes the band signal reconstruction according to number and the random base of described single photon point, obtains the spectral intensity curve.
2. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described optical unit (I) also comprises catoptron (7) and exit slit (8); Described catoptron (7) is positioned between the light path of described the second concave mirror (3-2) and spatial light modulator (5), is used for spectral reflectance receiving or entering other optical system for other type detector and to measure research to exit slit (8).
3. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described grating beam splitting parts (4) with the different wave length field by wavelength from being short to long projecting successively on the diverse location of described spatial light modulator (5).
4. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described spatial light modulator (5) adopts Digital Micromirror Device to realize.
5. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 4, is characterized in that, with the diagonal line of the described Digital Micromirror Device image space as described band.
6. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described convergence light absorbing part spare (6) comprises optical filter and attenuator.
7. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described single photon point probe 10 adopts Geiger mode angular position digitizer avalanche diode or photomultiplier to realize.
8. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described control module (12) is guaranteed to act in agreement between described counter (11) and spatial light modulator (5) and comprised: the every upset of micro mirror array in described spatial light modulator (5) once, all photons that described counter (11) stored counts detected in the interval in this flip-flop transition, after upset is completed, counter (11) zero clearing.
9. hypersensitive spectrometer according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, any one in the following algorithm of described compressed sensing module (14) employing realized compressed sensing: greedy reconstruction algorithm, coupling track algorithm MP, quadrature coupling track algorithm OMP, basic track algorithm BP, LASSO, LARS, GPSR, Bayesian Estimation algorithm, magic, IST, TV, StOMP, CoSaMP, LBI, SP, l1_ls, smp algorithm, SpaRSA algorithm, TwIST algorithm, l
0Reconstruction algorithm, l
1Reconstruction algorithm, l
2Reconstruction algorithm.
10. the spectral method of detection that realizes based on the described hypersensitive spectrometer of one of claim 1-9 comprises: the step of step 1), single-photon incident;
Then other utmost point low light level to be measured of single-photon-level does expanding and collimating via described entrance slit (1) incident to the utmost point low light level to be measured by described optical alignment parts (2) and the first concave mirror (3-1), make the described utmost point low light level to be measured become directional light; Described directional light shines described grating beam splitting parts (4) and generates the optical grating reflection light field, then passes through described the second concave mirror (3-2) reflection, and then at the upper formation band that launches of described spatial light modulator (5); Described spatial light modulator (5) carries out Stochastic Modulation to formed band, makes its emergent light launch to assembling light absorbing part spare (6) with certain random chance; Described convergence light absorbing part spare (6) filtering parasitic light is transferred to single photon point probe (10) in described electrical units (II) with the utmost point low light level to be measured after filtering;
Step 2), detect the step of single photon and counting;
Described single photon point probe (10) is surveyed each single photon point in the utmost point low light level to be measured, exports after converting the light signal that collects to the effective impulse signal; Described counter (11) records the number of the single photon point that described single photon point probe (10) detects;
The step of step 3), compressed sensing;
The random base that the number of the single photon point that described counter (11) records and randomizer (9) generate is packaged in described packet memory (13) together, described compressed sensing module (14) realizes the band signal reconstruction according to number and the random base of described single photon point, obtains the spectral intensity curve.
11. spectral method of detection according to claim 10 is characterized in that, is also comprising the step that the corresponding wavelength of each pixel on described spatial light modulator (5) diagonal is demarcated before step 1), comprising:
The laser instrument of selected several specific wavelengths, each monochromatic light is through projecting specific certain point on described spatial light modulator (5) diagonal line after described grating beam splitting parts (4), identify this point to should specific wavelength, repeated multiple timesly obtain many measurement points, spectral distribution between adjacent two points is done linear partition, thereby completes the demarcation to each pixel institute corresponding wavelength on whole diagonal line.
12. spectral method of detection according to claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises the step that improves instrument signal to noise ratio before step 1).
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