CN103111625A - Method of improving sphericity degree of metal powder prepared through water atomization - Google Patents
Method of improving sphericity degree of metal powder prepared through water atomization Download PDFInfo
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- CN103111625A CN103111625A CN2013100890206A CN201310089020A CN103111625A CN 103111625 A CN103111625 A CN 103111625A CN 2013100890206 A CN2013100890206 A CN 2013100890206A CN 201310089020 A CN201310089020 A CN 201310089020A CN 103111625 A CN103111625 A CN 103111625A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of improving the sphericity degree of metal powder prepared through water atomization. The method aims at improving the sphericity degree of the atomized metal powder through improving the temperature of water for atomization, reducing the cooling speed of liquid drops of a melt. The method has the remarkable advantages that the cooling speed of metal liquid flow can be reduced. Through improving the temperature of the atomized water, so that the liquid metal can have enough time to be spherical under the action of surface tension, and then the spherical metal powder can be formed through cooling. On the basis of the traditional atomization method, high-temperature atomized water is adopted as an atomization medium, so that the cooling speed of the metal liquid drop can be reduced, and the sphericity degree of the prepared metal powder can be greatly improved.
Description
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to the stainless steel material field, refer to especially a kind ofly improve the method for water atomization metal dust sphericity with coolant-temperature gage by improving water atomization.
Background technology
Water atomization is the important method of preparation metal and alloy powder, refers to adopt water as atomizing medium, with certain velocity shock liquid metal or alloy, makes liquid metal droplet condense into the method for attritive powder.Its powder particle shape of the metal that water atomization is produced and alloy powder easily forms irregular, has good briquettability and mouldability, is the extremely important raw material of metallurgical part that makes powder.Adding atomizing medium is water, and its operating cost and equipment investment are all low than aerosolization, and the output that makes water atomization metal and alloy powder is more than ten times of aerosolization metal and alloy powder output.
Development along with PM technique, injection moulding, warm compaction molding, increase the new technology such as material manufacturing, new technology occurs, sintered metal product is towards high-intensity high-density, high accuracy, complex-shaped future development, performance requirement to metal and alloy powder is more and more higher, and the production of globular metallic powder becomes the importance that metal dust is made.The aerosolization method is the main method of preparation spherical powder in atomization, the metal dust good sphericity of aerosolization preparation, but average grain diameter is larger, and the particle diameter wider distribution easily produces and reunites and segregation, and nebulization efficiency is low, and price is high.Therefore, utilize water atomization to prepare the hot issue that globular metallic powder becomes domestic and international research.At present, utilizing water atomization to prepare globular metallic powder is mainly the method (patent No.: CN201010574595.3, CN201210191380.2) that adopts the intermediate water atomizing, by improving the pressure of atomized water, makes globular metallic powder by twice water atomization.But the realization of the method is to adopt double-deck water atomizing nozzle to carry out twice atomizing, need to transform equipment, human cost and production cost have been increased, simultaneously, raising atomized water pressure has also increased the requirement to the water atomization equipment quality, has increased cost, and, the metal dust sphericity that makes is not fine, can not meet injection moulding, warm compaction molding, increases the requirement that the metal dust sphericity is used in the material manufacturing.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of method that water atomization prepares the metal dust sphericity that improves, and the method is a kind of water atomization coolant-temperature gage that passes through to improve, and reduces melt drop cooldown rate, improves the method for water atomization metal dust sphericity.
The technical solution that realizes the object of the invention is: a kind of method that water atomization prepares the metal dust sphericity that improves of the present invention, and concrete steps are as follows:
1, the melting of metal or alloy melt: carry out Composition Design and each constituent mass proportioning according to the stainless trade mark, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2, preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water heating in the water tank that makes water fogging obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3, water atomization pulverization: the stainless steel melt that obtains is carried out water atomization pulverization.
4, the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and screens.
5, the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce.
6, the metal dust with reduction carries out fragmentation, screening, makes the finished product globular metallic powder.
Principle of the present invention is:
Water atomization prepares in the process of metal dust, and atomized water is the power source that metal liquid stream is smashed, and is again cooling agent.After liquid metal forms drop, surface tension effects will make the droplet-shaped globulate, because the spherical watch area is minimum.If in drop, heat loss gets slowly, its just to have enough time to form spherical.By calculating, the water that 1g is 30 ℃ is heated to 100 ℃ of heats that need to absorb 294J, and the aqueous vapor of 1g100 ℃ turns to the heat that the steam of 100 ℃ absorbs and only has 125.17J, this shows and the water of 1g30 ℃ be heated to 100 ℃ to need the heats that absorb to turn to more than the aqueous vapor of 100 ℃ of equal in quality the heat that 100 ℃ of steam absorb many, so can reduce the cooldown rate of melt drop in the water atomization process by the atomize temperature of water of raising, improve the sphericity of metal dust.
The present invention compared with prior art has remarkable advantage: the present invention is by the atomize temperature of water of raising, reduce atomized water to the cooldown rate of metal liquid stream, make liquid metal can have time enough to form under capillary effect spherical, then the cooling globular metallic powder that makes.The present invention adopts high-temperature atomizing water as the water atomization medium on the basis of traditional water atomization method, has reduced the cooldown rate to molten drop, and the sphericity of the metal dust that makes is improved greatly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the effect schematic diagram of the spherical stainless steel powder that makes of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
A kind of method that water atomization prepares the metal dust sphericity that improves of the present invention, concrete steps are as follows:
1, the melting of metal or alloy melt: according to " in China and foreign countries' stainless steel and refractory steel trade mark quick checking handbook, the stainless trade mark carries out Composition Design and each constituent mass proportioning, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt, and wherein the metal or alloy melt is used for stainless preparation.
2, preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 40 ~ 100 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3, water atomization pulverization: the stainless steel melt that obtains from the atomize water atomization tundish water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading of powder process/granulation device of high-pressure water, is carried out water atomization pulverization; The nozzle ejection angle is 14 ~ 20 °, and the degree of superheat is 150 ~ 200 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 25 ~ 90Mpa.
4, the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 200 ~ 300 purposes to screen.
5, the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ~ 230 ℃; Wherein pulse input power 85 ~ 100W, frequency 1200 ~ 1500Hz, air pressure 400 ~ 500Pa.
6, the metal dust with reduction carries out fragmentation, 200 ~ 300 purpose sieve screenings, makes the finished product globular metallic powder.
High-pressure water atomizing powder process (granulation) device that the present invention adopts is produced for Handan City pleasant virtue mechanical electronic equipment Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1
Prepare the 201 spherical powder of stainless steel, the mass percent of each composition is C≤0.15, and Cr 16.00 ~ 18.00, and Ni 3.50 ~ 5.50, and Mn 5.50 ~ 7.50, P≤0.06, and S≤0.03, Si≤1.00, N≤1.00, surplus is iron.
1), the melting of metal or alloy melt: join to get required stainless steel raw material according to the content of each element, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2), preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 40 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3), water atomization pulverization: with the stainless steel melt that the obtains water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading from the water atomization tundish, carry out water atomization pulverization; Jet angle is 14 °, and the degree of superheat is 150 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 25Mpa.
4), the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 300 purposes to screen.
5), the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ℃; Pulse input power 85W, frequency 1200Hz, pulse duty factor 35.0%, air pressure 400Pa.
6), the fragmentation screening of metal dust: the metal dust of reduction is carried out fragmentation, screening, make the finished product globular metallic powder.
The 201 good stainless steel metal powder of sphericity that experiment obtains.
Embodiment 2
The spherical powder of preparation 201L stainless steel, the mass percent of each composition is C≤0.03, and Cr 16.00 ~ 18.00, and Ni 3.50 ~ 5.50, and Mn 5.50 ~ 7.50, P≤0.06, S≤0.03, Si≤1.00, N≤1.00, surplus is iron.
1), the melting of metal or alloy melt: join to get required stainless steel raw material according to the content of each element, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2), preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 50 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3), water atomization pulverization: with the stainless steel melt that the obtains water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading from the water atomization tundish, carry out water atomization pulverization; Jet angle is 16 °, and the degree of superheat is 180 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 40Mpa.
4), the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 300 purposes to screen.
5), the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ℃; Pulse input power 90W, frequency 1280Hz, pulse duty factor 35%, air pressure 450Pa.
6), the fragmentation screening of metal dust: the metal dust of reduction is carried out fragmentation, screening, make the finished product globular metallic powder.
The good 201L stainless steel metal powder of sphericity that experiment obtains.
Embodiment 3
Prepare the 202 spherical powder of stainless steel, the mass percent of each composition is C≤0.15, and Cr 17.00 ~ 19.00, and Ni 4.00 ~ 6.00, and Mn 7.50 ~ 10.00, P≤0.06, and S≤0.03, Si≤1.00, N≤1.00, surplus is iron.
1), the melting of metal or alloy melt: join to get required stainless steel raw material according to the content of each element, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2), preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 70 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3), water atomization pulverization: with the stainless steel melt that the obtains water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading from the water atomization tundish, carry out water atomization pulverization; Jet angle is 17 °, and the degree of superheat is 200 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 60Mpa.
4), the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 300 purposes to screen.
5), the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ℃; Pulse input power 100W, frequency 1500Hz, pulse duty factor 37.0%, air pressure 500Pa.
6), the fragmentation screening of metal dust: the metal dust of reduction is carried out fragmentation, screening, make the finished product globular metallic powder.
The 202 good stainless steel metal powder of sphericity that experiment obtains.
Embodiment 4
Prepare the 204 spherical powder of stainless steel, the mass percent of each composition is C≤0.03, and Cr 15.00 ~ 17.00, and Ni 1.50 ~ 3.50, and Mn 7.00 ~ 9.00, and N 0.15 ~ 0.30, and surplus is iron.
1), the melting of metal or alloy melt: join to get required stainless steel raw material according to the content of each element, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2), preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 80 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3), water atomization pulverization: with the stainless steel melt that the obtains water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading from the water atomization tundish, carry out water atomization pulverization; Jet angle is 18 °, and the degree of superheat is 180 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 80Mpa.
4), the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 300 purposes to screen.
5), the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ℃; Pulse input power 90W, frequency 1300Hz, pulse duty factor 37.0%, air pressure 500Pa.
6), the fragmentation screening of metal dust: the metal dust of reduction is carried out fragmentation, screening, make the finished product globular metallic powder.
The 204 good stainless steel metal powder of sphericity that experiment obtains.
Embodiment 5
Prepare the 301 spherical powder of stainless steel, the mass percent of each composition is C≤0.15, and Cr 16.00 ~ 18.00, and Ni 6.00 ~ 8.00, and Mn 5≤0.15, P≤0.065, and S≤0.03, Si≤1.00, surplus is iron.
1), the melting of metal or alloy melt: join to get required stainless steel raw material according to the content of each element, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2), preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 90 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3), water atomization pulverization: with the stainless steel melt that the obtains water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading from the water atomization tundish, carry out water atomization pulverization; Jet angle is 19 °, and the degree of superheat is 150 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 90Mpa.
4), the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 300 purposes to screen.
5), the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ℃; Pulse input power 100W, frequency 1500Hz, pulse duty factor 35.0%, air pressure 500Pa.
6), the fragmentation screening of metal dust: the metal dust of reduction is carried out fragmentation, screening, make the finished product globular metallic powder.
The 301 good stainless steel metal powder of sphericity that experiment obtains.
Embodiment 6
Prepare the 302 spherical powder of stainless steel, the mass percent of each composition is C≤0.15, and Cr 17.00 ~ 19.00, and Ni 8.00 ~ 10.00, Mn≤2.00, and P≤0.035, S≤0.03, Si≤1.00, surplus is iron.
1), the melting of metal or alloy melt: join to get required stainless steel raw material according to the content of each element, heating and melting obtains stainless steel melt.
2), preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water in the water tank that makes water fogging is heated to 100 ℃, obtains high-temperature atomizing water.
3), water atomization pulverization: with the stainless steel melt that the obtains water atomization tundish that joins suitable for reading from the water atomization tundish, carry out water atomization pulverization; Jet angle is 20 °, and the degree of superheat is 150 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 30Mpa.
4), the oven dry of metal dust, screening: the metal dust to preparation is dried, and then adopts 300 purposes to screen.
5), the reduction of metal dust: the metal dust after screening adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ℃; Pulse input power 85W, frequency 1200Hz, pulse duty factor 35.0%, air pressure 400Pa.
6), the fragmentation screening of metal dust: the metal dust of reduction is carried out fragmentation, screening, make the finished product globular metallic powder.
The 302 good stainless steel metal powder of sphericity that experiment obtains.
Claims (6)
1. one kind is improved the method that water atomization prepares the metal dust sphericity, it is characterized in that, concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1, the melting of metal or alloy: carry out metal or alloy constituent mass proportioning according to the stainless steel kind that will prepare, and be heated melting;
Step 2, preparation high-temperature atomizing water: the water heating in the water tank that makes water fogging obtains high-temperature atomizing water;
Step 3, water atomization pulverization: the stainless steel melt that obtains in step 1 is carried out water atomization pulverization;
Step 4 is dried the metal dust that step 3 makes, and screens;
Step 5 is reduced the metal dust after screening in step 4;
Step 6 is carried out fragmentation, screening with the metal dust after reduction, makes the finished product globular metallic powder.
2. raising water atomization according to claim 1 prepares the method for metal dust sphericity, it is characterized in that, the water heating-up temperature in step 2 in the water atomization water tank is 40 ~ 100 ℃.
3. raising water atomization according to claim 1 prepares the method for metal dust sphericity, it is characterized in that, step 3 uses high-pressure water atomizing powder process/granulation device to carry out water atomization pulverization to stainless steel melt, wherein the nozzle ejection angle is 14 ~ 20 °, the degree of superheat is 150 ~ 200 ℃, and hydraulic pressure is 25 ~ 90Mpa.
4. raising water atomization according to claim 1 prepares the method for metal dust sphericity, it is characterized in that, adopts 200 ~ 300 purposes to screen to metal dust in step 4.
5. raising water atomization according to claim 1 prepares the method for metal dust sphericity, it is characterized in that, the metal dust after screening in step 5 adopts the pulse hydrogen reduction method to reduce under 200 ~ 230 ℃; Wherein pulse input power 85 ~ 100W, frequency 1200 ~ 1500Hz, air pressure 400 ~ 500Pa.
6. raising water atomization according to claim 1 prepares the method for metal dust sphericity, it is characterized in that, adopts 200 ~ 300 purposes to screen to the metal dust after reduction in step 6.
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| CN103480854A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-01 | 四川有色金源粉冶材料有限公司 | Method for preparing ultrathin metal powder |
| CN105648303A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-08 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving degree of sphericity of stainless steel powder prepared through atomization method |
| CN106132599A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-11-16 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The manufacture method of atomized metal pow der |
| CN106392089A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-15 | 中航迈特粉冶科技（北京）有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing |
| CN108247052A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 南方增材科技有限公司 | For the method for metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature control |
| CN108555308A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-09-21 | 福州麦辽自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of vacuum atomizing device and the method for preparing 3D printing powder |
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| CN108517473B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-12-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength stainless steel powder based on SLM (Selective laser melting) process and preparation method thereof |
| CN114472908A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽奥微新材料有限公司 | Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method |
| RU2780822C1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-04 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт черной металлургии им. И.П. Бардина" (ФГУП "ЦНИИчермет им. И.П. Бардина") | Method for increasing the sphericity of particles of the powder of corrosion-resistant steel produced by spraying the melt with water (variants) |
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| CN103480854A (en) * | 2013-10-09 | 2014-01-01 | 四川有色金源粉冶材料有限公司 | Method for preparing ultrathin metal powder |
| US10293407B2 (en) | 2014-03-31 | 2019-05-21 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Method of producing atomized metal powder |
| CN106132599A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-11-16 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The manufacture method of atomized metal pow der |
| CN106132599B (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2018-03-20 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | The manufacture method of atomized metal pow der |
| CN105648303A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-06-08 | 南京理工大学 | Method for improving degree of sphericity of stainless steel powder prepared through atomization method |
| CN106392089A (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2017-02-15 | 中航迈特粉冶科技（北京）有限公司 | Preparation method of aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing |
| CN108247052A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-07-06 | 南方增材科技有限公司 | For the method for metal increasing material manufacturing process temperature control |
| CN108517473B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-12-24 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-strength stainless steel powder based on SLM (Selective laser melting) process and preparation method thereof |
| CN108580914A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-09-28 | 福州臻美网络科技有限公司 | A kind of vacuum atomizing device and the method for preparing 3D printing powder |
| CN108941587A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-12-07 | 深圳市晶特智造科技有限公司 | A kind of vacuum atomizing device and the method for preparing 3D printing powder |
| CN108555308A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-09-21 | 福州麦辽自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of vacuum atomizing device and the method for preparing 3D printing powder |
| CN108555308B (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2021-09-14 | 中科轻量(山东)增材制造有限公司 | Vacuum atomization device and method for preparing 3D printing powder |
| RU2780822C1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2022-10-04 | Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт черной металлургии им. И.П. Бардина" (ФГУП "ЦНИИчермет им. И.П. Бардина") | Method for increasing the sphericity of particles of the powder of corrosion-resistant steel produced by spraying the melt with water (variants) |
| CN114472908A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽奥微新材料有限公司 | Metal powder preparation method based on two-stage atomization method |
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Application publication date: 20130522 |