CN103109978B - 一种氨基酸纳米银液及其制法和在安全无病养猪上的应用 - Google Patents
一种氨基酸纳米银液及其制法和在安全无病养猪上的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种氨基酸纳米银液及其制法和在安全无病养猪上的应用,该氨基酸银液主要由硫酸银、助溶剂、氨基酸主配位体、氨基异配位体、分散剂、增稠剂、络合稳定剂、酸碱调节剂、去离子水配制而成。本发明氨基酸纳米银液具有广谱、高效杀菌作用,安全可靠,可用于无菌猪饲料的配制,预防猪流感、猪瘟等严重疾病,对环境进行消毒,有利于实现安全、无病养猪。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氨基酸纳米银液及其制法和在安全无病养猪上的应用。
背景技术
现有技术中对猪流感、猪瘟等至今尚未发现彻底有效的预防办法,如中草药预防法、高效药物杀灭细菌病毒法等都不能解决根本问题。银是理想的杀菌、抗病毒材料,具有高效、广谱、安全、无抗药性四大特性,可代替大批的杀菌剂和抗病毒剂。但由于高效性、安全性、经济性等技术上的原因,目前并未将银广泛用于养殖业。动物不能直接服用硝酸银,因为其副作用极大;若将硝酸银直接用于养猪用水中,由于可溶性杂质极多,将会与银生成沉淀,致使银的高效性发挥不出来。经检索,能够预防各种猪病的安全无病养猪辅助材料很少,将银用于安全养猪的方法未见文献和报道。
CN1316914C公开了一种猪用中草药多功能饲料添加剂,是以杜仲叶、女贞子、黄芪、山楂和薏苡仁的中草药饮片为原料,通过配料、粉碎混合、醇浸提取、水浸提取、浓缩乙醇提取液、浓缩水提取液、混合浓缩的乙醇提取液和水提取液、喷雾干燥得到药粉并密封包装制成。CN102018146B提供了养猪用秸秆发酵剂,是多种酶制剂、微生物和中草药的复合制剂,包括中性蛋白酶、酸性蛋白酶、植酸酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶、酿酒酵母、黑曲霉菌、李氏木霉菌、鱼腥草、黄芪。CN101263803A公开了一种生态养猪的方法,是采用自采的土著微生物作菌种与木屑、玉米秸秆粉、米糠、干浄土、食盐等有机物料和猪粪尿共同发酵。上述文献公开的技术方案在一定程度上可以提高猪的免疫力,避免猪病,但是无法保证安全无病养猪的效果。
发明人经过多年探索和研究,选择无自由银离子的银剂作为安全无病养猪辅助材料,成功地解决了使用银剂的难题,研发出了用于安全无病养猪的氨基酸纳米银材料。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种氨基酸纳米银液,解决了现有技术中缺乏安全、安全高效的无病养猪辅助材料的问题。
本发明包括如下技术方案。
一种氨基酸纳米银液,属氨基酸多配位体纳米银,其特征在于:主要由以下配比的原料制成:
硫酸银:0.005%~0.5%;
助溶剂:乙醇或丙三醇,5%~20%;
氨基酸主配位体:含四种氨基酸,包括赖氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸三种,以及以下氨基酸中的任一种:苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、结氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸,0.01%~5%,上述四种氨基酸的重量相等;
氨基异配位体:2-硫醇基咪唑啉或氨基硫脲,0.01%~5%;
分散剂:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或TX-100,1%~5%;
增稠剂:明胶、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇中的任一种,1%~5%;
络合稳定剂:NH4KHPO4或NH4CI,0.01%~1%;
酸碱调节剂:H3PO4和氨水,0.005%~0.5%;
去离子水:75%~90%。
上述氨基酸纳米银液的制备方法,其特征在于:主要包括如下步骤:
(1)将硫酸银溶于去离子水中;
(2)将氨基酸主配位体、氨基异配位体及分散剂分别溶于去离子水中,先将氨基酸主配位体及氨基异配位体溶液先后加入塑料或玻璃容器中,搅拌均匀,再加入分散剂搅拌均匀;
(3)将步骤(1)中的硫酸银溶液滴加入步骤(2)中的设备及溶液中,不断搅拌,反应约24h,取样滴入NaCI液中至不沉淀为止,得氨基酸纳米银液粗品;
(4)增稠剂溶于去离子水,再在搅拌下加入步骤(3)所得溶液中;
(5)开动搅拌,在步骤(4)所得溶液中加入已溶于水的络合稳定剂,得氨基酸纳米银液;
(6)加酸碱调节剂调pH值,搅拌均匀,最后加助溶剂及去离子水至所需浓度,搅拌均匀,得氨基酸纳米银液产品。
本发明用于配制无菌猪饲料、预防猪病、环境消毒的用途。
配制无菌猪饲料时是在猪饲料中加入0.005~0.05ppm的氨基酸纳米银液,例如将500ppm的氨基酸纳米银液1~10ml加入100kg猪饲料中;首先是将氨基酸纳米银液稀释后拌入动物蛋白质饲料原料中,再加入矿物质饲料原料和匀;然后加入含水量少的植物性原料并混匀;接着加入其余植物性原料、饲料添加剂原料及其他原料并混匀;再将痕量元素与水加入混匀;最后加入维生素类原料并混匀。
预防猪病是在猪的饮用水中加入0.005~0.05ppm的氨基酸纳米银液,例如将500ppm的氨基酸纳米银液加入猪的饮用水稀释10000~20000倍后喂食给猪。
环境的消毒杀菌是将0.05~0.5ppm的氨基酸纳米银液喷洒或冲洗养殖场所,例如将500ppm的氨基酸纳米银液稀释1000~10000倍后喷洒或冲洗养殖场所。
本发明的有益效果:具有广谱、高效杀菌作用,安全可靠,可用于无菌猪饲料的配制,预防猪流感、猪瘟等严重疾病,对环境进行消毒,有利于实现安全、无病养猪。在配制饲料和用于猪饮水时,纳米银的浓度均不大于0.05ppm,符合WHO的相关规定。据其他佐证材料表明,按化学工业出版社《纳米抗菌技术》所述,美国市场上销售的电离银***和飞机上装的银过滤器,其处理后水中含银量均不高于0.05ppm。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步描述本发明的技术方案。
猪饲料的配制需按猪的不同生长阶段、不同体重和不同饲料原料而定,没有一个固定的配方,但有共同的配方原理和配制方法。在配制时,动物饲料原料如鱼粉、骨粉等最易带菌,应先予消毒、杀菌,水分少的原料先混,水分多的原料后混,单纯的维生素类饲料添加剂最后加入。本发明中猪饲料及饮水中的辅助材料为氨基酸纳米银材料,该辅助材料属多配位体氨基酸纳米银络合物,其特点为:材料中无自由银,安全性极高、分散性好,杀菌有效浓度极低。众所周知,银对氨基的络合倾向极大,当氨基充分包围银且形成网络结构或螯合结构时,银就被固定住,不能自由释放。只有当碰到带负电荷的自由细菌、病毒时,带强大正电荷的银才会释放,捆绑住细菌、病毒,破坏其巯基和以氨基为主的DNA、RNA,使其窒息而亡,然后银又会游离出来,投入下一轮杀菌之中,无限循环,这就是常说的银的微动力效应。同时,银还会破坏细菌、病毒电子传输和细胞膜,从多方面起作用杀灭细菌、病毒。本发明中的氨基酸主配位体和氨基氨基异配位体协同作用,使银生成多配位体氨基酸纳米银络合物,该络合物不含自由银离子,较单配位体络合物性质稳定得多,故安全得多;该纳米银络合物为较大分子结构,尺寸在1~10nm之间。
猪饲料的配制方法:分别将矿物质饲料原料及动物蛋白质饲料原料烘干并冷却;将氨基酸纳米银液拌入动物蛋白质饲料原料中,再加入矿物质饲料原料和匀;然后加入含水量少的植物性原料并混匀;接着加入其余植物性原料、饲料添加剂原料及其他原料并混匀;再将痕量元素与水加入混匀;最后加入维生素类原料并混匀。按该配制方法配制的饲料,除作为无菌饲料外还可预防各种猪病。
实施例1
按照以下配方取用各种原料:硫酸银204g、乙醇40kg,赖氨酸140g,色氨酸140g,蛋氨酸140g,组氨酸140g,2-硫醇基咪唑啉205g,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮2.5kg,羧甲基纤维素2.2kg,NH4Cl60g,加入去离子水和助溶剂至总重量200kg,磷酸或氨水作酸碱调节剂,根据pH值加用。
制备方法:
将硫酸银溶于去离子水中,将氨基酸主配位体和氨基氨基异配位体分别溶于去离子水中;再将主配位体和氨基异配位体在搪玻璃釜中搅拌均匀,再将溶于去离子水中的分散剂加入搅拌均匀;再将硫酸银溶液滴加入前步设备及溶液中,反应24h,直至取样滴入NaCl液中不沉淀为止;再将增稠剂溶于去离子水中,再在搅拌下加入前步溶液中;再以水溶解络合稳定剂,加入前步溶液中,搅拌均匀;再以氨水或磷酸调pH值至6.8~7.2;最后加入助溶剂及去离子水至总重量,搅拌均匀,得浓度500ppm氨基酸纳米银液200kg。
实施例2
30~60kg育肥猪无菌饲料配方:玉米30kg,米糠10kg,豆饼8.5kg,鱼粉1.5kg,硫酸铜25g,硫酸亚铁15g,硫酸锌10g,硫酸锰10g,硫酸钴30mg,***钠5mg,碘化钾100mg,氯化钠500g,碳酸钙粉100g,500ppm氨基酸纳米银液4ml。
配制方法:将鱼粉烘干,冷却;再将纳米银液加水约100ml加入鱼粉中和匀;再加入碳酸钙粉和匀;再与玉米、米糠粉和匀;再加豆饼和匀;再加氯化钠及微量元素和匀;最后将硫酸钴和***钠分别溶于100ml去离子水中,与前料和匀;再将碘化钾溶于100ml去离子水中,与前料和匀。
实施例3
15~30千克中猪饲料配方:玉米29kg、高梁5kg、麦麸4kg、豆饼10kg、鱼粉1.5kg、骨粉0.5kg、食盐250g、EDTACu16g、硫酸亚铁10g、硫酸锌8g、硫酸锰6g、硫酸钴25mg、***钠5mg、500ppm氨基酸纳米银液4ml。
配制方法:将鱼粉、骨粉烘干,冷却;再将纳米银液加水约100ml加入其中和匀;再与玉米、高梁、麦麸和匀;再加豆饼和匀;再加食盐和微量元素和匀;再将硫酸钴溶于100ml去离子水中,与前述物料和匀,最后将***钠溶于100ml水中,与前述物料和匀。
实施例4
妊娠母猪饲料配方:玉米53kg、稻糠12.5kg、豆粕5.1kg、麸皮15kg、米糠饼12kg、骨粉0.7kg、食盐0.4kg、赖氨酸200g、蛋氨酸180g、胱氨酸210g、乳酸钙300g、磷酸二氢钠300g、500ppm纳米银液8ml。
配制方法:将骨粉烘干,冷却;再将纳米银液加水约100ml加入其中和匀;再与玉米、稻糠、麸皮和匀;再与豆粕、米糠饼和匀;再加食盐和匀;再加乳酸钙、磷酸二氢钠和匀;最后加入赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、胱氨酸和匀。
实施例5
预防猪病时只需将500ppm氨基酸纳米银液加入猪的饮用水稀释20000倍后喂食给猪即可。
实施例6
对环境消毒杀菌时对养殖场所(猪圈、道路等)的消毒杀菌,可将500ppm氨基酸纳米银液稀释约2000倍,喷洒或冲洗场所。
将实施例1~6所述方法在以下三个养殖单位进行安全养猪试验,并以普通的养猪法作为对比,统计病猪数量,所得结果如表1所示:
表1安全养猪试验结果
由表1可以看出,采用本发明的氨基酸纳米银液,并按本发明所述方法使用于安全养猪,可以大大降低病猪的数量,有效实现安全养猪。
Claims (5)
1.一种氨基酸纳米银液,属氨基酸多配位体纳米银,其特征在于:主要由以下配比的原料制成:
硫酸银:0.005%~0.5%;
助溶剂:乙醇或丙三醇,5%~20%;
氨基酸主配位体:含四种氨基酸,包括赖氨酸、色氨酸、蛋氨酸三种,以及以下氨基酸中的任一种:苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、结氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸,0.01%~5%,上述四种氨基酸的重量相等;
氨基异配位体:2-硫醇基咪唑啉或氨基硫脲,0.01%~5%;
分散剂:聚乙烯吡咯烷酮或TX-100,1%~5%;
增稠剂:明胶、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙烯醇中的任一种,1%~5%;
络合稳定剂:NH4KHPO4或NH4Cl,0.01%~1%;
酸碱调节剂:H3PO4和氨水,0.005%~0.5%;
去离子水:75%~90%。
2.如权利要求1所述的氨基酸纳米银液的制备方法,其特征在于:主要包括如下步骤:
(1)将硫酸银溶于去离子水中;
(2)将氨基酸主配位体、氨基异配位体及分散剂分别溶于去离子水中,先将氨基酸主配位体及氨基异配位体溶液先后加入塑料或玻璃容器中,搅拌均匀,再加入分散剂搅拌均匀;
(3)将步骤(1)中的硫酸银溶液滴加入步骤(2)中的容器及溶液中,不断搅拌,反应约24h,取样滴入NaCl液中至不沉淀为止,得氨基酸纳米银液粗品;
(4)将增稠剂溶于去离子水,再在搅拌下加入步骤(3)所得溶液中;
(5)开动搅拌,在步骤(4)所得溶液中加入已溶于水的络合稳定剂,得氨基酸纳米银液;
(6)加酸碱调节剂调pH值,搅拌均匀,最后加助溶剂及去离子水至所需浓度,搅拌均匀,得氨基酸纳米银液产品。
3.如权利要求1所述的氨基酸纳米银液的用途,其特征在于:用于配制无菌猪饲料、环境消毒的用途。
4.如权利要求3所述的氨基酸纳米银液的用途,其特征在于:配制无菌猪饲料时是在猪饲料中加入0.005~0.05ppm的氨基酸纳米银液。
5.如权利要求3所述的氨基酸纳米银液的用途,其特征在于:环境的消毒杀菌是将0.05~0.5ppm的氨基酸纳米银液喷洒或冲洗养殖场所。
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