CN103109437A - 用于在可控的储能器中的至少两个储能器单元之间转充能量的方法 - Google Patents

用于在可控的储能器中的至少两个储能器单元之间转充能量的方法 Download PDF

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CN103109437A
CN103109437A CN2011800450493A CN201180045049A CN103109437A CN 103109437 A CN103109437 A CN 103109437A CN 2011800450493 A CN2011800450493 A CN 2011800450493A CN 201180045049 A CN201180045049 A CN 201180045049A CN 103109437 A CN103109437 A CN 103109437A
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CN103109437B (zh
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P.福伊尔施塔克
E.魏森博恩
M.凯斯勒
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025—Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1469—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field
    • H02J7/1492—Regulation of the charging current or voltage otherwise than by variation of field by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在可控的储能器（2）中的至少两个储能器单元（5）之间转充能量的方法，所述储能器用于对n相电机（1）进行控制和电能量供给。在此，储能器（2）具有n个能量供给分支（3－1、3－2、3－3），所述能量供给分支分别具有至少两个串联的储能器模块（4），所述储能器模块分别包括至少一个具有所分配的可控的耦合单元（6）的电储能器单元（5），并且分别与电机（1）的相（U、V、W）连接。在充电阶段中，应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4-11）的所有耦合单元（6-11）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-11）被接到相应的能量供给分支（3-1）中。处于要充电的储能器单元（5-3m）的能量供给分支（3-3）中的所有耦合单元（6-31至6-3m）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-31至5-3m）被跨接。在充电阶段后面的空转阶段中，分配给要充电的储能器单元（5-3m）的所有耦合单元（6-3m）被控制为，使得所分配的储能器单元（5-3m）被接到相应的能量供给分支（3-3）中。

Description

用于在可控的储能器中的至少两个储能器单元之间转充能量的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在可控的储能器中的至少两个储能器单元之间转充（umladen）能量的方法。
背景技术
呈现出，在未来既在例如风力发电设备的静止应用中也在如混合动力车辆或电动车辆的车辆中越来越多地采用将新的储能技术与电驱动技术相组合的电子***。在常规应用中，例如实施为感应式电机的电机经由逆变器形式的变换器被控制。对于这种***表征性的是所谓的直流电压中间回路，储能器、一般是电池经由该直流电压中间回路连接到逆变器的直流电压侧。为了能够满足针对相应的应用所给出的对功率和能量的要求，将多个电池单元串联。因为由这种储能器提供的电流必须流经所有的电池单元并且一个电池单元仅能传导有限的电流，常常附加地并联电池单元，以便提高最大电流。
多个电池单元的串联除了高的总电压以外随之带来如下问题，即当唯一的电池单元失灵时，整个储能器失灵，因为于是电池电流不再能够流动。储能器的这种失灵可以导致总***的失灵。在车辆中，驱动电池的失灵可能导致车辆“卡住”。在其他应用中，例如风力发电设备的转子叶片调整，可能在不利的框架条件、例如强风的情况下甚至发生危及安全的状况。因此应始终致力于储能器的高可靠性，其中用“可靠性”来表示***在预先给定的时间内无故障工作的能力。
在优先的申请DE 10 2010 027857和DE 10 2010 027861中描述了具有多个电池模块支路的电池，这些电池模块支路可直接连接到电机上。电池模块支路在此具有多个串联的电池模块，其中每个电池模块具有至少一个电池单元和所分配的可控的耦合单元，该耦合单元允许根据控制信号中断相应的电池模块支路或者跨接分别分配的至少一个电池单元或者将分别分配的至少一个电池单元接到相应的电池模块支路中。通过例如借助于脉宽调制适当地操控耦合单元，还可以提供用于控制电机的适当的相信号，使得可以放弃单独的脉冲逆变器。控制电机所需的脉冲逆变器因此可以说被集成到电池中。出于公开的目的，这两个优先的申请全面地结合到本申请中。
发明内容
本发明提出一种用于在可控的储能器中的至少两个储能器单元之间转充能量的方法，所述储能器用于对n相电机（1）进行控制和电能量供给，其中n≥1。在此，可控的储能器具有n个并行的能量供给分支，所述能量供给分支分别具有至少两个串联的储能器模块，所述储能器模块分别包括至少一个具有所分配的可控的耦合单元的电储能器单元。所述能量供给分支在一侧与参考电势——在下面称为参考汇流排——连接，并且在另一侧分别与电机的相连接。所述耦合单元根据控制信号要么中断相应的能量供给分支，要么所述耦合单元跨接分别所分配的储能器单元，要么所述耦合单元将分别所分配的储能器单元接到相应的能量供给分支中。为了使得能够将能量从所述储能器单元的至少之一转充到至少一个其他储能器单元上，在充电阶段中，应该用作能量源的储能器模块的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元被接到相应的能量供给分支中。处于应该用作能量源的储能器模块的能量供给分支中、但是本身分配给不应该用作能量源的储能器模块的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元被跨接。处于要充电的储能器单元的能量供给分支中的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元被跨接，并且所有其余的耦合单元被控制为，使得相应的能量供给分支被中断。然后在充电阶段后面的空转阶段中，分配给要充电的储能器单元的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得所分配的储能器单元被接到相应的能量供给分支中。处于要充电的储能器单元的能量供给分支中、但是本身不分配给要充电的储能器单元的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元被跨接。应该用作能量源的储能器模块的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元被接到相应的能量供给分支中或者分别所分配的储能器单元被跨接。处于应该用作能量源的储能器模块的能量供给分支中、但是本身分配给不应该用作能量源的能量供给模块的所有耦合单元被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元被跨接，并且所有其余的耦合单元被控制为，使得相应的能量供给分支被中断。
本发明的优点
本发明所基于的基本构思是，一方面使用耦合单元并且另一方面使用电机的定子绕组，以便使用各个储能器模块之间的充电状态的匹配（平衡），使得能够在各个储能器模块上实现期望的充电量分布。这通过如下方式实现，即耦合单元和定子绕组在充电阶段中类似于升压调节器地运行，其中从应该用作能量源的储能器模块给定子绕组输送能量并且存储在那里，所述能量随后在空转阶段中输出给要充电的储能器单元。在此，一点也不产生附加的硬件耗费，从而也不出现附加的成本或者附加的位置需求。
利用本发明的方法既可以为单个储能器模块的储能器单元充电，也可以为多个储能器模块的储能器单元同时充电。单个储能器模块的储能器单元或者还有多个储能器模块的储能器单元可以用作能量源。在多相电机的情况下，处于不同的能量供给分支中的储能器模块的储能器单元也可以同时用作能量源或者也可以同时被充电。
在一起使用电机的发动机电感的情况下，当然适用的是，避免在充电过程期间在电机中构建不期望的力矩。这可以通过如下方式实现，即电机在充电过程期间以机械方式被闭锁，例如借助于传动系止动爪。可替代地，电机的转子位置也可以例如借助于相应的传感器***被监视，并且在探测到转子运动的情况下被关断。
本发明的实施方式的其他特征和优点参照附图从以下描述中得出。
附图说明
图1示出在充电阶段中具有可控的能量供给的电机的示意图，以及
图2示出在空转阶段中具有根据图1的可控的能量供给的电机的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1和2示出本发明充电***的示意图。可控的储能器2连接到三相电机1上。可控的储能器2包括三个能量供给分支3－1、3－2和3－3，这些能量供给分支在一侧与在所示实施方式中引导低电势的参考电势T-（参考汇流排）连接，并且在另一侧分别与电机1的各个相U、V、W连接。这些能量供给分支3－1、3－2和3－3中的每一个具有m个串联的储能器模块4－11至4－1m或4－21至4－2m或4－31至4－3m，其中m≥2。储能器模块4又分别包括多个串联的电储能器单元，这些储能器单元由于清楚性的原因仅仅在与电机1的相U和W连接的能量供给分支3-1或3-3中配备有附图标记5－11至5－1m或5－31至5－3m。储能器模块4此外分别包括耦合单元，所述耦合单元分配给相应的储能器模块4的储能器单元5。由于清楚性的原因，耦合单元也仅仅在能量供给分支3-1和3-3中配备有附图标记6-11至6-1m或6-31至6-3m。在所示的实施变型方案中，耦合单元6分别通过两个可控的开关元件7－111和7-112至7-1m1和7-1m2或7-311和7－312至7－3m1和7－3m2形成。开关元件在此可以实施为例如IGBT（绝缘栅双极晶体管）形式的功率半导体开关或者实施为MOSFET（金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管）。
耦合单元6使得能够通过断开耦合单元6的两个开关元件7来中断相应的能量供给分支3。可替代地，储能器单元5可以通过分别闭合耦合单元6的开关元件7之一、例如闭合开关7－311要么被跨接，要么例如通过闭合开关7－312被接到相应的能量供给分支3中。
能量供给分支3－1至3－3的总输出电压通过耦合单元6的可控的开关元件7的相应开关状态被确定并且可以分级地被调整。分级在此根据各个储能器模块4的电压得出。如果从类似地构造的储能器模块4的优选实施方式出发，则从单个储能器模块4的电压乘以每能量供给分支串联的储能器模块4的数量m中得出最大可能的总输出电压。
耦合单元6因此允许，将电机1的相U、V、W要么接到高的参考电势上要么接到低的参考电势上并且就此而言也可以履行已知的逆变器的功能。因此可以通过可控的储能器2在适当地操控耦合单元6的情况下控制电机1的功率和运行方式。也就是就此而言，可控的储能器2履行双重功能，因为其一方面用于电能量供给，而另一方面也用于电机1的控制。
电机1具有定子绕组8-U、8-V和8-W，这些定子绕组按照已知方式以星形线路彼此接线。
电机1在所示的实施例中实施为三相交流电机，但是也可以具有少于或者多于三个的相。可控的储能器2中的能量供给分支3的数目当然也视电机的相数而定。
在所示的实施例中，每个储能器模块4分别具有多个串联的储能器单元5。但是，所述储能器模块4也可以替代地分别具有仅仅一个唯一的储能器单元或者也可以具有并联的储能器单元。
在所示的实施例中，耦合单元6分别由两个可控的开关元件7构成。但是，耦合单元6也可以由或多或少的可控的开关元件实现，只要能实现所需的功能（中断能量供给分支、跨接储能器单元以及将储能器单元接到能量供给分支中）。耦合单元的示例性的替代的构型从优先的申请DE 10 2010 027857和DE 10 2010 027861中得出。但是此外也可设想的是，耦合单元具有全桥电路中的开关元件，这在储能器模块的输出端处提供了电压极性变换的附加可能性。
接下来示范性地描述单个储能器模块4的储能器单元5、即能量供给分支3-3中的储能器模块4-3m的储能器单元5-3m的充电过程。在此，应当仅仅将单个储能器模块4的储能器单元5、即能量供给分支3-1中的储能器模块4-11的储能器单元5-11用作能量源。
在图1中所示的充电阶段期间，应当用作能量源的储能器模块4-11的耦合单元6-11通过未示出的控制单元控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元5-11被接到能量供给分支3-1中。这具体地通过如下方式实现，开关元件7-112闭合，而开关元件7-111断开。能量供给分支3-1中的所有其余的耦合单元6-12至6-1m被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元5-12至5-1m被跨接。这具体地通过如下方式实现，即开关元件7-121至7-1m1闭合，而开关元件7-122至7-1m2断开。处于能量供给分支3-3中（其中要充电的储能器单元5-3m也处于该能量供给分支3-3中）的储能器模块4-31至4-3m的耦合单元6-31至6-3m通过未示出的控制单元控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元5-31至5-3m被跨接。这具体地通过如下方式实现，开关元件7-311至7-3m1闭合，而开关元件7-312至7-3m2断开。所有其余的耦合单元、也就是能量供给分支3-2的储能器模块4中的所有耦合单元6被控制为，使得能量供给分支3-2被中断。这具体地通过如下方式实现，即分别断开耦合单元6的两个开关元件7。
对耦合单元6的这种操控引起电流流经定子绕组8-U和8-W，使得在充电阶段期间电能被存储在定子绕组8-U和8-W中。
在充电阶段后面的在图2中所示的空转阶段中，分配给要充电的储能器单元5-3m的耦合单元6-3m被控制为，使得所分配的储能器单元5-3m被接到能量供给分支3-3中。这具体地通过如下方式实现，即开关元件7-3m2闭合并且开关元件7-3m1断开。处于要充电的储能器单元5-3m的能量供给分支3-3中、但是本身不分配给要充电的储能器单元5的所有其余的耦合单元6-31至6-3（m-1）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元5-31至5-3（m-1）被跨接（闭合开关元件7-311至7-3（m-1）1并且断开开关元件7-312至7-3（m-1）2）。用作能量源的储能器模块4-11的耦合单元6-11可以如所示那样被控制为，使得所分配的储能器单元5-11此外被接到能量供给分支3-1中。这所具有的优点是，储能器单元5-11直接有助于对储能器单元5-3m充电。但是替代于此地，在空转阶段中储能器模块4-11的耦合单元6-11还可以被控制为，使得所分配的储能器单元5-11被跨接。在这种情况下，仅仅从定子绕组8-U和8-W的电感进行对要充电的储能器单元5-3m的充电。用作能量源的储能器模块4-11的能量供给分支3-1中的所有其余的耦合单元6-12至6-1m被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元5-12至5-1m被跨接。所有其余的耦合单元6、也就是能量供给分支3-2的储能器模块4中的所有耦合单元6被控制为，使得能量供给分支3-2被中断。
耦合单元6的这种控制引起定子绕组8-U和8-W与要充电的储能器单元5-3m的电连接。在此，定子绕组8-U和8-W的电感继续驱动电流并且通过这种方式为储能器单元5-3m充电。如果如在图2中所示那样在空转阶段中用作能量源的储能器单元5也仍接到相应的能量供给分支3中，则这些储能器单元5也直接有助于为要充电的储能器单元5充电。
为了避免在转充过程期间在电机中产生不期望的力矩，电机1在充电过程期间可以以机械方式被闭锁，例如借助于传动系止动爪。可替代地，电机1的转子位置也可以例如借助于相应的传感器***被监视，并且在探测到转子运动的情况下被关断。 

Claims (3)

1.用于在可控的储能器（2）中的至少两个储能器单元（5）之间转充能量的方法，所述储能器用于对n相电机（1）进行控制和电能量供给，其中n≥1，其中
- 可控的储能器（2）具有n个并行的能量供给分支（3－1、3－2、3－3），所述能量供给分支
     ·分别具有至少两个串联的储能器模块（4），所述储能器模块分别包括至少一个具有所分配的可控的耦合单元（6）的电储能器单元（5），
     ·在一侧与参考汇流排（T-）连接，并且
     ·在另一侧分别与电机（1）的相（U、V、W）连接，
- 所述耦合单元（6）根据控制信号中断相应的能量供给分支（3-1、3-2；3-3）或者跨接分别所分配的储能器单元（5）或者将分别所分配的储能器单元（5）接到相应的能量供给分支（3－1、3－2；3－3）中，
其中
- 在充电阶段中
     · 应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4-11）的所有耦合单元（6-11）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-11）被接到相应的能量供给分支（3-1）中，
     · 处于应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4）的能量供给分支（3-1）中、但是本身分配给不应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4）的所有耦合单元（6-12至6-1m）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-12至5-1m）被跨接，
     · 处于要充电的储能器单元（5-3m）的能量供给分支（3-3）中的所有耦合单元（6-31至6-3m）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-31至5-3m）被跨接，并且
     · 所有其余的耦合单元（6）被控制为，使得相应的能量供给分支（3-2）被中断，以及
- 在充电阶段后面的空转阶段中
     · 分配给要充电的储能器单元（5-3m）的所有耦合单元（6-3m）被控制为，使得所分配的储能器单元（5-3m）被接到相应的能量供给分支（3-3）中，
     · 处于要充电的储能器单元（5-3m）的能量供给分支（3-3）中、但是本身不分配给要充电的储能器单元（5）的所有耦合单元（6-31至6-3（m-1））被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-31至5-3（m-1））被跨接，
     · 应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4-11）的所有耦合单元（6-11）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-11）被接到相应的能量供给分支（3-1）中或者分别所分配的储能器单元（5-11）被跨接，
     · 处于应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4）的能量供给分支（3-1）中、但是本身分配给不应该用作能量源的储能器模块（4）的所有耦合单元（6-12至6-1m）被控制为，使得分别所分配的储能器单元（5-12至5-1m）被跨接，
     · 所有其余的耦合单元（6）被控制为，使得相应的能量供给分支（3-2）被中断。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中电机（1）在转充过程期间以机械方式被闭锁。
3.根据权利要求1的方法，其中电机（1）的转子位置被监视，并且在探测到转子运动的情况下被关断。
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