CN103101249A - Laser welding composite material for solar collector - Google Patents

Laser welding composite material for solar collector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103101249A
CN103101249A CN2012104510184A CN201210451018A CN103101249A CN 103101249 A CN103101249 A CN 103101249A CN 2012104510184 A CN2012104510184 A CN 2012104510184A CN 201210451018 A CN201210451018 A CN 201210451018A CN 103101249 A CN103101249 A CN 103101249A
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layer
composite
matrix
ceramic coating
thickness
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CN103101249B (en
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弗朗克·滕普林
迪米特里奥斯·佩罗斯
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Alanod Aluminium Veredlung GmbH and Co KG
Alanod GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
    • F24S70/16—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of ceramic; made of concrete; made of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • F24S70/225—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption for spectrally selective absorption
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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Abstract

The composite material (V) has a band-shaped metal (1) with high reflectivity for laser radiation beam having lower side (A) on which a ceramic coating (7) is formed. The metallic layer (8) is formed over the ceramic coating. The thickness (D7) of the ceramic coating and the thickness (D8) of metallic layer are dimensioned in accordance with DIN 5036, such that specific total reflectance at an angle of incidence ranges from 65-80[deg] of the incident laser light beam (L) with a wavelength of 1064 nm on lower side of metal, is lesser than 60%.

Description

But the composite of laser weld
Technical field
But the present invention relates to a kind of composite that the present invention relates to a kind of laser weld in particular for solar collector element, that described composite comprises is banded, by laser beam is had highly reflective can ( ) metal matrix (
Figure BDA00002389295800012
), described matrix has first surface and second, wherein, has at least ceramic coating on first surface.
Background technology
European patent application file EP 2 239 086A1 disclosed a kind of like this composite.recorded and narrated in this patent application document a kind of with the known method of composite together with a workpiece utilization is laser-welded to, the method especially is used for making solar collector element, wherein, described composite comprises that employing has the metal ribbon base of highly reflective energy to laser beam, this ribbon base has first surface and second, and has at least ceramic coating on first surface, in addition, for making weld seam, need laser beam is projected on the first surface that disposes ceramic coating of described matrix at least, and the orientation angle of laser beam need be the acute angle form.In addition, but this patent application document been has also has been recorded and narrated a kind of composite that is used in the laser weld in this kind method.with respect to EP 1 217 315B1 that quote and praise highly at EP 2 239 086A1, US 300 591B1, published method in DE 38 27 297A1 and US 4 023 005, for in the situation that keep composite high functionality and manufacturing cost to save as far as possible, promote the efficient of welding procedure, to design like this in EP 2 239 086A1, namely, the thickness of ceramic coating is in the scope of 140nm to 210nm, and laser beam needs with the orientation angle incident of size at 2 ° to 50 °, thereby making in the projectile energy of laser beam has at least 15% can be absorbed.
The lip-deep phenomenon that occurs in composite when it should be noted that with laser weld here is the same, and when light shines on an object, the light of incident can be divided into reflecting part, absorption portion and transmissive portion.For this reason, the distinctive reflectivity of this composite (Reflexionsgrad) (albedo), absorptivity (Absorptionsgrad) (absorbability) and transmissivity (Transmissionsgrad) (transmission capacity) are all arranged not only on the first surface of composite, and on second.Albedo, absorbability and transmission capacity are optical characteristics, and for same material, these optical characteristics can have different values according to the difference (for example ultraviolet region, visible region, infrared light district and thermal radiation field) of incident ray wavelength.For guaranteeing the efficient utilization of energy, for this kind material, the wave-length coverage of laser beam (be typically 1.06 μ m, or rather, 1064nm) in, require to have maximum absorptivity on first surface.If the transmissivity of this composite is zero, its reflectivity and absorptivity sum will be 100% so.Therefore, in EP 2 239 086A1, the reflectivity minimum on the first surface of disclosed composite is 85%.
Like this, with comparing with class methods of other, method for laser welding has reached higher efficient, but the space that this efficient still is improved.For the present actual nearly all application CO that adopts 2The method of laser system and Nd:YAG laser system (also having described this method in EP 2 239 086A1), the typical wavelengths of its laser beam is 1.06 μ m, under this wavelength, crude aluminium on the market and only can reflect about 90% of incident laser energy for the solar collector aluminium through transpassivation used.
Summary of the invention
Basic purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of this paper to start the composite of described type, composite especially for solar collector element, when utilizing laser that this kind composite is welded, this kind composite guarantees further to improve the efficient of production technology when having better functional and alap production cost.
According to the present invention, this purpose is achieved in that from matrix and looks, has metal level on ceramic coating, and the size of the thickness of the thickness of ceramic coating and metal level is designed, so that at wavelength be the incident laser light beam of 1064nm with size when the incidence angle incident of 65 ° to 80 °, the total reflectivity of determining according to DIN 5036 third parts on the first surface of matrix is less than 60%.
Surprisingly, the inventor finds to compare with known composite, adopts to have the energy that absorbs can be with laser weld the time according to the composite of layer system of the present invention and improve several times.
In addition, especially, in the thickness of the ceramic coating on the first surface of matrix can the scope at 20nm to 135nm, the thickness that is positioned at the metal level on described ceramic coating can be in the scope of 5nm to 25nm.
If the size of each layer is in corresponding above-mentioned scope, wavelength is that the laser beam of the 1064nm total reflectivity of determining according to DIN 5036 third parts on the first surface of matrix can be preferably less than 50% so, particularly preferably 40%.In other words, the absorptivity of laser beam is at least 50% or 60%, this is useful.By layer thickness is changed in scope according to the present invention a little, also can in the situation that under other wavelength (if needing when other laser instruments such as argon gas laser (wavelength 488nm or 515nm) or holmium-YAG laser instrument (wavelength 2123nm) is adopted in hope) make in the same way to absorb and maximize.
Ceramic coating can be designed to basically be made by aluminium oxide in preferred embodiment.If the matrix of composite is also made of aluminum, favourable mode on so available technology makes the aluminium oxide of ceramic coating especially by forming through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening and anodised aluminium on matrix.
Metal level can preferably comprise chromium and/or titanium or be made by these materials fully.The thickness of layer can preferably drop in the scope of 10nm to 20nm, is especially 15nm.Metal level can with mode favourable on technology, be applied on ceramic coating with the banded cladding process of continuous vacuum.
Therefore can construct coiled material according to composite of the present invention, especially width can reach 1600mm, and thickness is in the scope of about 0.1mm to 1.5mm, all layers of the preferably coiled material in about scope of 0.2 to 0.8mm, and this composite all can roll-to-rollly in the technique of carrying out continuously process (volume to volume).
In addition, can have the effective multilayer system of optics according to composite of the present invention (especially when this composite will be used to make solar collector element) on second of matrix, this multilayer system comprises at least two layers, preferably includes at least three layers.
On matrix, can design the intermediate layer under the optical multilayer system, this intermediate layer can guarantee to provide mechanical protection and anti-corrosion protection to matrix on the one hand, can guarantee again on the other hand to have high cohesive (Haftung) with the optical multilayer system.Here, the intermediate layer can be a ceramic layer equally, but it is positioned on second of matrix, and especially can mode make the same with the ceramic coating on the first surface that is positioned at matrix form.
Comprise the effective multilayer system of optics of at least three layers if adopt, the superiors can be insulating barriers, the layer at middle part can be mainly to work the layer that absorbs the visible light effect and preferably contain chromated oxide, and nethermost layer make by available gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminium and/or molybdenum.
Figure BDA00002389295800031
It is known a kind of like this layer system on aluminium matter matrix; By the present invention, can when not damaging its splendid optical characteristics, significantly improve its performance aspect laser weld.
For making solar collector element absorber components in other words, with can linking together by the mode of laser weld and a for example pipe that is made of copper according to composite of the present invention (ceramic layer and the metal level of being made by aluminium oxide arranged on the first matrix face) of matrix material for example made of aluminum.At this moment, will form the connection of a material adaptive (stoffschl ü ssig), this connection forms by the aluminium of fusing and hardening again in the fusing step on the one hand, forms to the migration in copper by aluminium on the other hand.For welding, can adopt the CO that for example has enough power 2The ray of-YAG laser instrument or Nd-YAG laser instrument carries out.
Especially, pipe and absorber components can along they contact position (Sto β stelle), connect together by, point-like weld seam that formed by pulse welding technique that extend in pipe both sides.In this case, when laser power and pulse frequency are determined, it should be noted that at first the size of solder joint depends on thermal conductivity, and the thickness of surface temperature, irradiation time, absorber components and material character are interactional factors.There is proportionate relationship between the mean power of depth of fusion and laser.Because the absorbability according to composite of the present invention has had lifting, therefore compare with substantially known method (to this, can consult EP 2 239 086A1 and EP 1 217 315B1 fully), can significantly save power in welding process.
Other favourable embodiments of the present invention are included in each dependent claims and detailed description subsequently.
Description of drawings
Below, by at two embodiment shown in accompanying drawing, the present invention being elaborated.Wherein:
But Fig. 1 is the principle cutaway view according to the first embodiment of the composite of laser weld of the present invention;
But Fig. 2 is the principle cutaway view according to the second embodiment of the composite of laser weld of the present invention;
But Fig. 3 shows according to the relevance between the wavelength of the reflectivity of the 3rd embodiment of the composite of laser weld of the present invention and incident ray, and shows the reflectivity of one known (non-according to of the present invention) comparative material and the relevance between incident ray as reference;
But Fig. 4 shows according to the relevance between the wavelength of the reflectivity of the 4th embodiment of the composite of laser weld of the present invention and incident ray, and shows the reflectivity of one known (non-according to of the present invention) comparative material and the relevance between incident ray as reference;
But Fig. 5 shows according to the relevance between the incidence angle of the reflectivity of the 3rd embodiment of the composite of laser weld of the present invention and incident ray.
Reference numeral
1 matrix
Intermediate layer on 2 matrixes 1, the ceramic layer on face B
The 3 effective multilayer systems of optics
The infrared reflecting layer of 4 multilayer systems 3
The layer that plays the effect of absorption visible light of 5 multilayer systems 3
The upper strata of 6 multilayer systems 3
7 matrix 1(face A) ceramic layer on
8 ceramic layer 7(face A) metal level on
The first surface of A matrix 1 (with ceramic layer 7, metal level 8)
Second (with intermediate layer 2, multilayer system 3) of B matrix 1
(always) thickness of D composite V
D 1The thickness of matrix 1
D 2The thickness in intermediate layer 2
D 3The thickness of multilayer system 3
D 4The thickness of infrared reflecting layer 4
D 5Work the thickness of the layer 5 that absorbs the visible light effect
D 6The thickness on upper strata 6
D 7The thickness of ceramic layer 7
D 8The thickness of metal level 8
The L laser beam
The normal vector of N composite V
The R reflectivity
The curve of the reflectivity R of R0 comparative material
The curve of the reflectivity R of RV composite V
The V composite
The α incidence angle
The λ wavelength
The specific embodiment
Description for the back it is emphasized that: the present invention is not limited to these embodiment, the whole or a plurality of features in the Feature Combination that therefore also is not limited to be described; In fact, when the single subcharacter of each in arbitrary embodiment separates at the subcharacter of all descriptions that combine with other, no matter be individualism, or combined with the arbitrary feature in another embodiment, all still have the invention meaning.
In different accompanying drawings, same parts, the layer that perhaps especially plays said function all is equipped with same Reference numeral, thereby generally only illustrates once hereinafter.
At first as shown in Figure 1, but especially can be used for making solar collector element according to the composite V(of laser weld of the present invention) the first embodiment comprise banded metallic matrix 1.This matrix has first surface A and second B.
The intermediate layer 2 that can select to exist is arranged on second B of matrix 1 and be applied to optical multilayer on this intermediate layer 2, that can select to exist system 3, described multilayer system comprises at least three layers 4,5,6.In the effective multilayer system 3 of this optics, the superiors 4 are insulating barriers, and the layer 5 at middle part is mainly to work the layer that absorbs the visible light effect, and orlop 6 is a metallic red outer reflective layer.
The superiors 4 can be especially oxide layer, fluorinated layer, sulfuric horizon, nitration case, oxynitriding layer and/or the carbon oxynitriding layers (carboxynitridische Schicht) of refractive index n＜1.8.It can be especially that chemical composition is TiO z, SiO wOr SnO vThe oxide layer of titanium, silicon or tin, wherein, subscript v, w and z have represented respectively stoichiometry or the non-stoichiometric of oxidizing component, and are in following scope: 1＜V and/or w and/or z≤2, preferred 1.9≤v and/or w and/or z≤2.Preferably chemical composition is the silicon oxide layer of SiOw, and wherein the value of subscript w gets 2.The thickness D4 of the superiors 4 can preferably drop in the scope of 3nm to 500nm.
It is CrO that the main layer 5 that plays the effect of absorption visible light at middle part can especially comprise chemical composition rChromium oxide and/or chemical composition be CrN sChromium nitride and/or chemical composition be CrO rN sNitrogen chromium oxide, wherein subscript r and s represent respectively stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric, and 0＜r and/or s＜3.This one deck 5 also can select to comprise fluoride, sulfide, nitride, nitrogen oxide and/or the carbon oxynitride of other metal (rather than chromium).Its thickness D 5Especially can drop on 0.01 μ m to the scope of about 1 μ m.
The orlop 6 of optical multilayer system 3 can preferably be made by gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminium and/or molybdenum.It especially can have a minimum 3nm, the thickness D of the most about 500nm 6
There is a ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix 1, according to the present invention, the thickness D of this ceramic coating 7Drop in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, simultaneously, also be designed with a thickness D on the face of matrix 1 (being positioned at the bottom of ceramic coating 7 in diagram) dorsad at that of ceramic coating 7 8 Metal level 8 at 5nm to 25nm.
The thickness D of ceramic coating 7 7Can preferably drop in the scope of 40nm to 95nm, and the thickness D of metal level 8 8Can be preferably in the scope of 10nm to 20nm, and 15nm particularly preferably.Metal level 8 can comprise chromium and/or titanium or be made by these materials fully.
Ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix 1 can be made by aluminium oxide basically, wherein, and when made of aluminum according to the matrix 1 of composite V of the present invention.Like this, the aluminium oxide of ceramic coating 7 can be preferably formed through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening and through anodic oxidation by the aluminium of matrix 1.
Be positioned at the also ceramic coating 2 preferably of intermediate layer 2 on second B of matrix 1, and the same mode manufacturing of ceramic coating 7 on especially available first surface A with being positioned at matrix 1 forms.Under aforementioned circumstances, namely, ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix is made by aluminium oxide, described aluminium oxide is formed through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening and through anodic oxidation by the aluminium of matrix 1, advantageously is formed on simultaneously the ceramic coating 2 on second B of matrix 1 in the operation of ceramic coating 7 that can be on forming the first surface A of matrix 1.The thickness D2 of the ceramic coating 2 on second B of matrix 1 especially can be less than 135nm, especially drops in 3 to 95nm scope, preferably drops in the scope of 15nm to 45nm.
As further illustrated in Figure 2, but comprise equally a strip metal matrix 1 according to the second embodiment of the composite V of laser weld of the present invention, this matrix 1 has first surface A and second B with ceramic coating 7.According to the present invention, be also here to design like this, that is, and the thickness D of the ceramic coating 7 on the first surface A of matrix 1 7Drop in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, and also have a thickness D on the face of matrix 1 dorsad at that of ceramic coating 7 8 Metal level 8 at 5nm to 25nm.
In addition, the same with the first embodiment of the present invention, on second B of matrix 1, a ceramic coating 2 is arranged also, this ceramic coating especially forms intermediate layer 2, and on this intermediate layer, have an effective multilayer system 3 of optics on second B of matrix 1, but this multilayer system is only formed by at least two layers 4,5.
This multilayer system relates to equally a upper layer 4 and and is positioned at main under this upper layer and works layers 5 of the visible light effect that absorbs, the oxide layer that described upper layer 4 can be refractive index n＜1.8, fluorinated layer, sulfuric horizon, nitration case, oxynitriding layer and/or carbon oxynitriding layer, and described layer 5 forms orlop in this example.This one deck 5 especially can contain titanium-aluminium mixed oxide (Mischoxid) TiAl qO xAnd/or titanium aluminium mixed nitride thing (Mischnitrid) TiAl qN yAnd/or titanium aluminium mixing nitrogen oxide (Mischoxynitrid) TiAl qO xN y, wherein, subscript q, x and y represent respectively stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric, and are in following scope: 0＜q and/or x and/or y＜3.Make composite with such layer, as make it will make composite be specially adapted to solar collector with according to the described layer 5 that contains chromium of first embodiment of the invention, its outstanding part is to make easy, and has higher spectral selection.
In two embodiment, all layers of metal level 8 on the first surface A of matrix 1 and the optical multilayer system on another matrix face B 3 all can be preferably sputtering layer, especially the layer that forms by reactive sputtering, chemical vapor deposition layer (CVD layer) or plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition layer (PECVD layer) or by the evaporation, especially by with electronics bombardment or the layer that forms with the evaporation that thermal source causes, and preferably form also with continuous technique under vacuum state (Vakuumfolge) and especially be applied on ceramic coating 2,7.Applying of Titanium/chromium (Ti/Cr) layer 8 for example can be preferably by realizing with maximum two tabular magnetrons.
Need for the intermediate layer 2 existing between matrix 1 and the effective multilayer system 3 of optics in same second embodiment of the invention benly be: on this intermediate layer 2 is positioned at an aluminium matter matrix and when being made by aluminium oxide, so no matter whether the light absorbing zone 5 of below comprises titanium-aluminium mixed oxide TiAl qO xAnd/or titanium aluminium mixed nitride thing TiAl qN yAnd/or titanium aluminium mixing nitrogen oxide TiAl qO xN y, also no matter whether the layer of top is that chemical composition is the oxide layer of titanium, silicon or the tin of TiOz, SiOw or SnOv, the thickness D2 in intermediate layer should be not more than 30nm, and this feature is very important.Here, the upper strata need be only that refraction coefficient is just enough less than 1.7 insulating barrier.Certainly, the refraction coefficient on upper strata also can be larger, and for example for zinc oxide film, it can be about 1.9, perhaps for titanium dioxide layer, can be the 2.55(anatase) or the 2.75(rutile).
It is shocking; 2 use aluminium oxide are made when the intermediate layer; and this alumina layer only has minimum thickness; be that its thickness drops in the scope that is not more than 30nm; especially drop in the scope of 3nm at least; when preferably dropping in the scope of 15nm to 25nm; the effect that known mechanical protection and anticorrosive protection are provided for matrix 1 not only can be played in this intermediate layer; can guarantee bonding live well with placed on it optical multilayer system 3, and also will make thus this intermediate layer 2 and matrix 1 optics that also becomes itself effective.Like this, intermediate layer 2 has advantageously had high transmission capacity, and matrix 1 also have high, because of the transmission in this intermediate layer 2 effective albedo that becomes, thereby can save the undermost metal level 6 of the optical multilayer system 3 of the first embodiment, and can not make efficient impaired.Like this, save on the one hand the processing step that is used for smearing a layer, saved again on the other hand material, especially saved that the lower side metal level preferably adopts, well-known Precious Metals-Gold and silver and the same high molybdenum of cost.
For example, utilize above-mentioned two embodiment of the effective multilayer system 3 of optics just can produce according to composite V of the present invention, in this composite, the absorptivity of determining according to the DIN5036 third part on second B of matrix 1 has maximum and this maximum greater than 90% in about 300 to 2500nm wave-length coverage, and has minimum of a value and this minimum of a value less than 15% in the wave-length coverage greater than 2500nm.On second B of optical multilayer system 3, according to the DIN 5036 determined light total reflectivities of third part less than 5%.
But the chart shown in Fig. 3 and 4 has reflected according to the relation between the wavelength of the reflectivity R of the third and fourth embodiment of the composite V of laser weld of the present invention and incident ray L, as reference, also show in figure a kind of known, be not according to the relation between the wavelength of the reflectivity of comparative material of the present invention and incident ray, in the drawings, curve RV represents the reflectivity R according to composite V of the present invention, and curve R0 represents the reflectivity R of described comparative material.
Relate to a kind of like this composite according to the 3rd embodiment of composite V of the present invention, namely depositing a composition on the first surface A of aluminum matrix 1 is Al 2O 3And thickness D 7Be the ceramic coating 7 of 95nm, and on this ceramic coating 7 Direct precipitation one composition is arranged is chromium and thickness D 8Metal level 8 for 10nm.Relate to a kind of like this composite according to the 4th embodiment of composite V of the present invention, namely depositing a composition on the first surface A of aluminum matrix 1 is Al 2O 3And thickness D 7Be the ceramic coating 7 of 40nm, and on this ceramic coating 7 Direct precipitation one composition is arranged is chromium and thickness D 8Metal level 8 for 20nm.In comparative material, depositing composition on the first surface A of aluminum matrix 1 is Al 2O 3And thickness D 7Ceramic coating 7 for 95nm.
As can be known, the incidence angle α of incident ray L is measured as by laser beam L and the plumb line of making on the surface of matrix 1, that is the angle α of normal vector N from the diagram of drawing.In each example, the incidence angle α of laser beam L is 75 °.
Can find out, according to composite V of the present invention, when the wavelength X of laser beam L was 1064nm, the total reflectivity R that determines according to the DIN5036 third part on the first surface A of its matrix 1 was less than 50%, and especially was about 40% for shown in Figure 3.And under same condition, the reflectivity R of comparative material will exceed approximately 50%, is approximately 90%.As shown in Figure 3, in the whole trial stretch of wavelength X, according to the reflectivity R of composite V of the present invention when approximately the 48%(wavelength is 500nm) and 42%(wavelength when being about 1200nm) between change, wherein, when wavelength X was 1000nm, reflectivity R reached its minimum of a value greatly, and namely 40%.
For shown in Fig. 4 according to composite V of the present invention, when the wavelength X of laser beam is 1064nm, the total reflectivity R that determines according to the DIN5036 third part on the first surface A of its matrix 1 is equally less than 50%, but, in the wavelength X scope of 500nm to 1200nm, the total reflectivity R of composite shown in Figure 4 on average exceeds approximately 5% to 8% than the total reflectivity R of composite shown in Figure 3.
But Fig. 5 shows according to the relation between the incidence angle α of the laser beam L of the reflectivity R of the 3rd embodiment of the composite V of laser weld of the present invention and incident, and the relation shown in figure is in the situation that wavelength X is 1064nm determines to draw.Therefore, identical with the value that identifies with the same manner in the value of the reflectivity R of circle sign and Fig. 3 in Fig. 5.When angle α changed in the scope of 65 ° to 80 °, reflectivity R raise continuously from about 30% beginning, until about 40%.With regard to angle relation, the test shown in Fig. 4 has demonstrated same characteristic, here, the value of reflectivity R (just as preamble mention) upwards pass approximately less than 10%.
The invention is not restricted to described embodiment, but comprise that all have mode and the measure of same function on meaning of the present invention.For example, the ceramic coating in intermediate layer 2 also can be without aluminium oxide, and makes with other material.For possible favorable structure and ideal technology method in the related optical multilayer system within the scope of the invention 3 of composite V according to the present invention, its detail is referenced patent application file EP 1 217 394B1, EP 1 217 315B1, EP 2 239 086A1, EP 2 336 811 and WO 2011/076448A1 fully.
In addition, the present invention also is not limited in claim 1 Feature Combination that limits, and it also can be defined as any other combination of being formed by the certain Feature Combination in whole disclosed single features.This means, in principle and in practice, the single feature of each described in claim 1 can be left out, and in other words, the single feature of each described in claim 1 can be replaced by other local disclosed at least one single features in this application.Especially concerning the layer that exists in composite according to the present invention, its sequence of setting forth as example is (in described sequence, each layer is directly adjoining each other and make with identical material) do not get rid of following possibility, namely, can continue to arrange other intermediate layer, upper strata and/or lower floor in layer system, in other words, infrared reflecting layer 4 on layer on the first surface A of matrix 1 and/or second B of sublayer, especially metal level 8 and matrix 1 and the main layer 5 that works the use that absorbs visible light itself also are configured to multilayer.Thus, claim 1 is understood to attempt for a kind of initial statement of an invention only.

Claims (24)

1. but the composite of laser weld (V), described composite is particularly useful for solar collector element, that described composite comprises is banded, by laser beam is had highly reflective can metal matrix (1), described matrix has first surface (A) and second (B), wherein, at least has ceramic coating (7) on described first surface (A)
It is characterized in that, (1) looked, and had metal level (8) on described ceramic coating (7), and to the thickness (D of described ceramic coating (7) from described matrix 7) and the thickness (D of metal level 8) size design, so that the wavelength (λ) of the laser beam of incident (L) is 1064nm and incidence angle (α) in the scope of 65 ° to 80 ° the time, the total reflectivity (R) of determining according to DIN 5036 third parts on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is less than 60%.
2. composite according to claim 1 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D of the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 7) drop in the scope of 20nm to 135nm, preferably drop in the scope of 40nm to 95nm.
3. composite according to claim 1 and 2 (V), is characterized in that, the thickness (D of the metal level (8) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) 8) drop in the scope of 5nm to 25nm, preferably drop in the scope of 10nm to 20nm, particularly preferably 15nm.
4. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 3 (V), is characterized in that, the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is made by aluminium oxide.
5. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 4 (V), is characterized in that, the matrix of described composite (1) is made of aluminum.
6. according to claim 4 with 5 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, the aluminium oxide of the ceramic coating (7) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is formed through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening and through anodic oxidation by the aluminium of described matrix (1).
7. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 6 (V), is characterized in that, the metal level (8) on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) comprises chromium and/or titanium or made by these materials fully.
8. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 7 (V), is characterized in that, to the thickness (D of described ceramic coating (7) 7) and the thickness (D of described metal level (8) 8) size design, so that the wavelength (λ) of the laser beam of incident (L) is that 1064nm and incidence angle (α) are in the scope of 65 ° to 80 ° the time, the total reflectivity (R) of determining according to DIN 5036 third parts on the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) is less than 50%, preferably less than 40%.
9. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 8 (V), is characterized in that, has ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1), and this ceramic coating especially forms intermediate layer (2).
10. composite according to claim 9 (V), it is characterized in that, the ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1) be use with the first surface that is positioned at described matrix (1) (A) on the same mode of ceramic coating (7) make.
11. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 10 (V) is characterized in that, has the effective multilayer system of optics (3) on second (B) of described matrix (1), this multilayer system comprises at least two layers (4,5), preferably includes at least three layers (4,5,6).
12. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 11 (V), it is characterized in that, described metal level (8) and/or, if necessary, the effective multilayer system of described optics (3), at least partly be to be applied to ceramic coating (7 with the banded cladding process of continuous vacuum, 2) on, described ceramic coating (7,2) be positioned at the first surface (A) of described matrix (1) upper and, if necessary, be positioned on second (B) of described matrix (1).
13. according to claim 11 or 12 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) comprises two insulation and/or oxide layer (4,5), be upper layer (4) and the layer (5) that is positioned under this upper layer and mainly plays the effect of absorption visible light, described upper layer (4) is oxide layer, fluorinated layer, sulfuric horizon, nitration case, oxynitriding layer and/or the carbon oxynitriding layer of refractive index n＜1.8.
14. according to claim 11 to one of 13 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) comprises three layers (4,5,6), wherein, one/described upper layer (4) is insulating barrier and/or oxide layer, layer in the middle part of the one/described main layer (5) that plays to absorb the visible light effect forms, and orlop (6) is the metallic red outer reflective layer, described orlop is preferably made with gold, silver, copper, chromium, aluminium and/or molybdenum.
15. composite according to claim 14 (V) is characterized in that, the thickness (D of described orlop (6) 6) drop in the scope of 3nm to 500nm.
16. according to claim 13 to one of 15 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, the described main layer (5) that absorbs the visible light effect that plays contains titanium-aluminium mixed oxide TiAl qO xAnd/or titanium aluminium mixed nitride thing TiAl qN yAnd/or titanium aluminium mixing nitrogen oxide TiAl qO xN y, wherein, subscript q, x and y represent respectively stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric, and 0＜q and/or x and/or y＜3.
17. according to claim 13 to one of 16 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, describedly mainly work the layer (5) that absorbs the visible light effect to comprise chemical composition be CrO rChromium oxide and/or chemical composition be CrN sChromium nitride and/or chemical composition be CrO rN sNitrogen chromium oxide, wherein subscript r and s represent respectively stoichiometry or non-stoichiometric, and 0＜r and/or s＜3.
18. according to claim 13 to one of 17 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, described upper layer (4) is that chemical composition is TiO z, SiO wOr SnO vThe oxide layer of titanium, silicon or tin, wherein, subscript v, w and z represent respectively stoichiometry or the non-stoichiometric in oxidizing component, and 1＜v and/or w and/or z≤2, preferred 1.9≤v and/or w and/or z≤2.
19. according to claim 9 or 10 and one of claim 11 to 18 described composite (V), it is characterized in that, ceramic coating (2) on second (B) of described matrix (1) is formed through anodic oxidation or through electrobrightening and through anodic oxidation by the aluminium of described matrix (1), and, formation intermediate layer (2) below the effective multilayer system of optics (3) of described matrix (1), the thickness (D in this intermediate layer 2) especially less than 135nm, preferably drop in 3 to 95nm scope, especially preferably drop in the scope of 15nm to 45nm, perhaps especially less than 30nm, preferably drop in 15 to 25nm scope.
20. according to claim 13 to one of 19 described composites (V), it is characterized in that the thickness (D of the upper layer (4) of the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) 4) drop in the scope of 3nm to 500nm.
21. according to claim 13 to one of 20 described composites (V), it is characterized in that the main thickness (D that plays the layer (5) of absorption visible light effect of the effective multilayer system of described optics (3) 5) drop in the scope of 0.01 μ m to 1.00 μ m.
22. according to claim 13 to one of 21 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, the absorptivity of determining according to the DIN5036 third part on second (B) of described matrix (1) has maximum and this maximum greater than 90% in about 300 to 2500nm wave-length coverage, and has minimum of a value and this minimum of a value less than 15% in the wave-length coverage greater than 2500nm.
23. according to claim 13 to one of 22 described composites (V), it is characterized in that, on second (B) of described optical multilayer system (3) according to the DIN 5036 determined light total reflectivities of third part less than 5%.
24. described composite of one of according to claim 1 to 23 (V), it is characterized in that, described composite is configured to winding, and the width of this winding is up to 1600mm and thickness drops in the scope of about 0.1mm to 1.5mm, preferably drops in 0.2 to 0.8mm scope.
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