CN103091611B - Oiled paper insulation power equipment insulation aging state detecting method - Google Patents
Oiled paper insulation power equipment insulation aging state detecting method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001566 impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000080 chela (arthropods) Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses an oiled paper insulation power equipment insulation aging state detecting method. The method includes a first step of carrying out the preparatory work, enabling oiled paper insulation power equipment to be disconnected with a line, enabling insulation terminals to be detected to be connected in a pup joint mode through copper bare wires and connected to the ground to discharge, a second step of wiring according to introductions of an instrument, a third step of setting parameters, a fourth step of finishing a detection, and obtaining a time domain feature parameter t through spectrum unfolding, a fifth step of bringing the time domain feature parameter t and oiled paper insulation temperature T to a designated formula, and calculating and judging the insulating aging state of oiled paper, that is, a degree of polymerization (DP) value, and a sixth step of confirming that the overall insulation of the oiled paper insulation power equipment is in a medium term of the service life when the average DP of the oiled paper decreases to 500, confirming expiration of service life of the oiled paper insulation power equipment when the average DP decreases to 250, and confirming that the mechanical strength of insulation paper is almost zero when the DP decreases to 150. The oiled paper insulation power equipment insulation aging state detecting method does no hang a core, does not damage insulation materials, does not carry out sampling, can accurately estimate the average DP value of the insulation paper, and judges the oiled paper insulation aging state.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the state of insulation diagnosis and life appraisal field of paper oil insulation power equipment, relate to a kind of appraisal procedure of the paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state based on polarization depolarization current.
Background technology
Oil-paper combination insulation is a kind of important and good insulation combination mode, always by successfully for power equipments such as high-power transformer, sleeve pipe, mutual inductor, capacitor, cables.In the capable process of paper oil insulation power equipment, its paper oil insulation bears the multiple external stress effects such as heat, electricity, machinery, chemistry for a long time, causes self insulation and mechanical property to decline gradually and also may cause fault.Therefore, the ageing state of Accurate Diagnosis Oil-Paper Insulation, most important to the life-span of prediction paper oil insulation power equipment, be also to realize prerequisite and the basis that paper oil insulation status of electric power is safeguarded.
In order to safeguard the safe operation of paper oil insulation equipment, electric system for a long time detects (DL/T596-1996 < < power equipment preventive trial rules > >) by regularly carrying out the method for conventional preventive trial to the running status of equipment, and the method has been brought into play important effect in the application process of decades.But in recent years along with energy shortage, load increase and the impact of the factor such as maintenance cost minimizing, original preventive trial is because the time between overhauls(TBO) is long, lack authenticity, there is maintenance deficiency or excess phenomenon, to State Maintenance system, transform gradually, but in reality is carried out, how the insulation status of equipment and residual life are well assessed, still had many problems.
The aging method of judgement paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation mainly contains at present: tension stress measurement, the degree of polymerization (DP) measurement, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) detection method, furfural criterion etc.Tension stress is measured, the degree of polymerization is measured all to need to have a power failure and gathered pattern, cannot find in time the aging tendency of solid insulation; DGA detection method is also one of method of recommending in IEC standard, but because oil also can produce decomposition gas after thermal decomposition, and oil is comprised of relatively little alkanes substance, more easily decomposite gas componant, therefore common way is that measurement in conjunction with other parameter judges solid insulating and aging degrees, to determine the accuracy of result.Furfural criterion is current a kind of widely used method, the fuel-displaced middle furfural content of revision note middle finger of power equipment preventive trial rules DLT596-1996 and represent there is good linear relationship between the degree of polymerization that insulating paper is aging.It should be noted that, chaff aldehyde material is a kind of metastable product generating after various complex chemical reactions occur cellulose, and finally formed a kind of equilibrium state that generates and decompose on paper, in oil, this equilibrium state is easy to be subject to the impact of other factors and changes, the particularly impact of temperature.In the use procedure of paper oil insulation power equipment, the difference in season, the even variation of load, all can make its built-in electrical insulation temperature change, and then cause furfural mass concentration also to change.Some researcher finds the starting stage raising in insulating paper temperature, can there is larger variation in furfural mass concentration, above-mentioned linear relationship is to draw on the aging basis of the strict simulation in laboratory, does not consider that paper oil insulation power equipment actual motion temperature is often to change fluctuation.
When electric field action is on dielectric, can be observed two kinds of dielectric response phenomenons: electricity is led and polarized.It is that continuous movement because charge carrier is electronics and ion forms that electricity is led, and polarization is because dielectric inside occurs that along direction of an electric field macroscopical dipole moment forms.The polarization process of medium is quite complicated, and it is inseparable with the aging, deteriorated of medium and the state such as make moist.Polarization depolarization current method passes through to measure the depolarization current of insulating medium, and carries out analyzing and processing with the insulation status of judgement Oil-Paper Insulation.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve, in prior art, in paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state appraisal procedure, to need that transformer is carried out to suspended core and process and could extract the pattern that insulate, running program is complicated and may destroy transformer insulated, and can bring the problem of the error of Aging Assessment when the region difference chosen of insulation pattern, the invention provides a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method.
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps,
(1), paper oil insulation power equipment and polarization depolarization current tester are prepared: paper oil insulation power equipment and circuit are disconnected; Insulation joint end to be measured is used to copper bare wire short circuit ground connection, 30 ~ 60 minutes ground connection time; Polarization depolarization current tester is wanted reliable ground;
(2), the parameter setting of polarization depolarization current tester comprises charging voltage U
c, duration of charging t
pwith t discharge time
d, measuring depolarization current is i
d;
(3), theoretical according to Time Domain Differential Dielectric Spectroscopy, medium removes in the short circuit dischange process of external voltage after charging is saturated, its remaining quantity of electric charge in time variation of t can be expressed as:
In formula, Q
nthe polarization components that represents n polarization, T
nfor the corresponding polarization response time, the speed of reflection polarization; α
nfor line style parameter,
After measurement completes, utilize gained depolarization current I
d(being discharge current), the above-mentioned formula of substitution, asks for time domain charactreristic parameter T
n, this completed Time Domain Differential Dielectric Spectroscopy spectrum unscrambling process one time;
(4), data processing method is, according to extracting time domain charactreristic parameter T, judges the ageing state of paper oil insulation, its computing formula is:
z＝p
1+p
2x+p
3x
2+p
4x
3+p
5x
4+p
6y+p
7y
2+p
8y
3+p
9y
4
In formula, x=lgDP, the degree of polymerization of DP-cardboard; The temperature of y-paper oil insulation, unit is a ° C; Z=lgT, T-time domain charactreristic parameter, unit is s; p
1-p
9given parameters,
Bring test the data obtained into above-mentioned formula, can calculate oil-paper average degree of polymerization DP, thereby obtain the ageing state of solid insulation;
Aforesaid a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, it is characterized in that: also comprise step (5), oil-paper ageing state is assessed, the degree of polymerization of new cardboard is generally 1200～1800, when average degree of polymerization drops to 500, paper oil insulation power equipment integral insulation is in middle of life; When average degree of polymerization drops to 250, can think that the paper oil insulation power equipment life-span stops; When the degree of polymerization drops to 150, the physical strength of insulating paper is almost nil.
Aforesaid a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: in described step (2), measure while starting, first to tested insulator arrangement, applying voltage is U
cstep excitation, to its charging, and duration t
p, the polarization current that this charging process flows through tested insulator arrangement is i
p; Then by tested insulator arrangement short circuit, make its electric discharge, and maintain t
d, the depolarization current that this discharge process flows through tested insulator arrangement is i
d.The identical charging and discharging time t of test operated by rotary motion
c.
Aforesaid a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: in described step (2), setting design parameter is: charging voltage U
c=1000V, the time that discharges and recharges equates, i.e. t
p=t
d=3600s.
Aforesaid a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: p in described step (4) formula
1-p
9design parameter be: p
1for-2.67 * 10
3, p
2be 4.14 * 10
3, p
3for-2.39 * 10
3, p
4be 6.11 * 10
2, p
5for-5.83 * 10
1, p
6be 1.36 * 10
-1, p
7for-5.92 * 10
-3, p
8be 7.96 * 10
-5, p
9for-3.85 * 10
-7.
Aforesaid a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: described polarization depolarization current tester adopts the PDC-ANALYSER-1MOD insulation analysis instrument of Switzerland ALFF company.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state that the present invention is based on polarization depolarization current detects appraisal procedure, can be at suspended core not, do not destroy insulating material, under the prerequisite that need not sample, analyze oil paper insulation ageing state, for accurate evaluation paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation performance and prediction residual life provide reliable basis.The method not only can be used as the useful of current isolation diagnostic method and supplements, and probably becomes the important tests means of paper oil insulation status of electric power diagnostic field in the future.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is polarization depolarization current test philosophy figure.
Fig. 2 is polarization depolarization current funtcional relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the operational flowchart that the present invention assesses paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state.
Fig. 4 is the test connection figure of test oil paper insulation transformer of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the polarization depolarization current curve of testing the paper oil insulation transformer obtaining.
Fig. 6 is paper oil insulation transformer Time Domain Differential spectral curve tI
d.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is the depolarization current test philosophy figure that polarizes in prior art, is also the principle of institute of the present invention foundation.Fig. 2 is polarization depolarization current funtcional relationship schematic diagram.T in figure
pand t
cbe respectively duration of charging and discharge time, i
pand i
dbe respectively charging current and discharge current.
Fig. 3 is the paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state appraisal procedure FB(flow block) that the present invention is based on polarization depolarization current.
Fig. 4 tests the polarization depolarization current test connection figure of transformer high-voltage winding to low pressure winding in prior art.For the separated situation of conduit connection, by the high pressure short circuit of every phase transformer, then the blue testing clamp (OUTPUT) of instrument is clipped in to high pressure sleeve pipe leading-out terminal, red test pincers (CH1) are clipped in low-tension bushing leading-out terminal; Conduit connection is unsegregated,, by high pressure and ground short circuit, then the redness of instrument and yellow testing clamp is clipped in respectively on low-tension bushing and ground wire.
Fig. 5 is the polarization depolarization current curve of testing certain the 110kV paper oil insulation transformer obtaining.
Fig. 6 is certain the 110kV paper oil insulation transformer Time Domain Differential spectral curve tI obtaining according to depolarization current
d.
A paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps,
(1), paper oil insulation power equipment and polarization depolarization current tester are prepared: paper oil insulation power equipment and circuit are disconnected; Insulation joint end to be measured is used to copper bare wire short circuit ground connection, 30 ~ 60 minutes ground connection time; Polarization depolarization current tester is wanted reliable ground; Described polarization depolarization current tester adopts the PDC-ANALYSER-1MOD insulation analysis instrument of Switzerland ALFF company.
(2), the parameter setting of polarization depolarization current tester comprises charging voltage U
c, duration of charging t
pwith t discharge time
d, setting design parameter value is: charging voltage U
c=1000V, the time that discharges and recharges equates, i.e. t
p=t
d=3600s.Measure while starting, first to tested insulator arrangement, applying voltage is U
cstep excitation, to its charging, and duration t
p, the polarization current that this charging process flows through tested insulator arrangement is i
p; Then by tested insulator arrangement short circuit, make its electric discharge, and maintain t
d, the depolarization current that this discharge process flows through tested insulator arrangement is i
d.The identical charging and discharging time t of test operated by rotary motion
c.
(3), theoretical according to Time Domain Differential Dielectric Spectroscopy, medium removes in the short circuit dischange process of external voltage after charging is saturated, its remaining quantity of electric charge in time variation of t can be expressed as:
In formula, Q
nthe polarization components that represents n polarization, T
nfor the corresponding polarization response time, the speed of reflection polarization; α
nfor line style parameter,
After measurement completes, utilize gained depolarization current I
d(being discharge current), the above-mentioned formula of substitution, asks for time domain charactreristic parameter T
n, this completed Time Domain Differential Dielectric Spectroscopy spectrum unscrambling process one time;
(4), data processing method is, according to extracting time domain charactreristic parameter T, judges the ageing state of paper oil insulation, its computing formula is:
z＝p
1+p
2x+p
3x
2+p
4x
3+p
5x
4+p
6y+p
7y
2+p
8y
3+p
9y
4
In formula, x=lgDP, the degree of polymerization of DP-cardboard; The temperature of y-paper oil insulation, unit is a ° C; Z=lgT, T-time domain charactreristic parameter, unit is s; p
1-p
9given parameters, p
1～p
9parameter deterministic process is as follows: chamber test first by experiment, obtains many groups of (DP, T, f
p) value, converting obtains (x, y, z), then by (4) the expression formula providing in (x, y, z) substitution step 1, use least square method (existing public algorithm), obtains p
1～p
9.Concrete desirable numerical value is as shown in table 1,
Parameter in table 1 ageing state computing formula
Bring test the data obtained into above-mentioned formula, can calculate oil-paper average degree of polymerization DP, thereby obtain the ageing state of solid insulation;
(5), oil-paper ageing state is assessed, the degree of polymerization of new cardboard is generally 1200～1800, and when average degree of polymerization drops to 500, paper oil insulation power equipment integral insulation is in middle of life; When average degree of polymerization drops to 250, can think that the paper oil insulation power equipment life-span stops; When the degree of polymerization drops to 150, the physical strength of insulating paper is almost nil.
The transformer testing of actual motion of take is example:
On-the-spot transformer dielectric response test, generally for insulating between winding, therefore needs the three-phase short circuit of same winding before test.Certain moves back fortune 110kV main transformer T1, and relevant design parameter and PDC test condition are as shown in table 2, and this main transformer is retired before 2008.The PDC test that it is carried out as shown in Figure 4.
Table 2T
1main transformer correlation parameter
According to the theoretical Time Domain Differential spectrum obtaining of Time Domain Dielectric Spectroscopy as shown in Figure 5, the temporal signatures amount T=1745s obtaining according to corresponding Spectra Unfolding Methods.The solid insulation degree of polymerization DP=172 that these data and oil temperature substitution formula are calculated.This main transformer capacity is less, and electric pressure is lower, belongs to early model, and design standards is lower, and approaches 30 years working time, thinks that calculated DP value and its ageing state is substantially suitable.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that in above-described embodiment and instructions, describes just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. a paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method, is characterized in that: comprises the following steps,
(1), paper oil insulation power equipment and polarization depolarization current tester are prepared: paper oil insulation power equipment and circuit are disconnected; Insulation joint end to be measured is used to copper bare wire short circuit ground connection, 30～60 minutes ground connection time; Polarization depolarization current tester is wanted reliable ground;
(2), the parameter setting of polarization depolarization current tester comprises charging voltage U
c, duration of charging t
pwith t discharge time
d, measuring depolarization current is i
d;
(3), theoretical according to Time Domain Differential Dielectric Spectroscopy, medium removes in the short circuit dischange process of external voltage after charging is saturated, its remaining quantity of electric charge in time variation of t can be expressed as:
In formula, Q
nthe polarization components that represents n polarization, τ
nfor the corresponding polarization response time, the speed of reflection polarization; α
nfor line style parameter,
After measurement completes, utilize gained depolarization current I
dbe discharge current, the above-mentioned formula of substitution, asks for time domain charactreristic parameter τ
n, this completed Time Domain Differential Dielectric Spectroscopy spectrum unscrambling process one time;
(4), data processing method is, according to extracting time domain charactreristic parameter τ, judges the ageing state of paper oil insulation, its computing formula is:
z＝p
1+p
2x+p
3x
2+p
4x
3+p
5x
4+p
6y+p
7y
2+p
8y
3+p
9y
4
In formula, x=lgDP, the degree of polymerization of DP-cardboard; The temperature of y-paper oil insulation, unit is ℃; Z=lg τ, τ-time domain charactreristic parameter, unit is s; p
1-p
9given parameters,
Bring test the data obtained into above-mentioned formula, can calculate oil-paper average degree of polymerization DP, thereby obtain the ageing state of solid insulation;
2. a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise step (5), oil-paper ageing state is assessed, the degree of polymerization of new cardboard is generally 1200～1800, when average degree of polymerization drops to 500, paper oil insulation power equipment integral insulation is in middle of life; When average degree of polymerization drops to 250, can think that the paper oil insulation power equipment life-span stops; When the degree of polymerization drops to 150, the physical strength of insulating paper is almost nil.
3. a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described step (2), measure while starting, first to tested insulator arrangement, applying voltage is U
cstep excitation, to its charging, and duration t
p, the polarization current that this charging process flows through tested insulator arrangement is i
p; Then by tested insulator arrangement short circuit, make its electric discharge, and maintain t
d, the depolarization current that this discharge process flows through tested insulator arrangement is i
d, the identical charging and discharging time t of test operated by rotary motion
c.
4. a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step (2), setting design parameter is: charging voltage U
c=1000V, the time that discharges and recharges equates, i.e. t
p=t
d=3600s.
5. a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method according to claim 4, is characterized in that: p in described step (4) formula
1-p
9design parameter be: p
1for-2.67 * 10
3, p
2be 4.14 * 10
3, p
3for-2.39 * 10
3, p
4be 6.11 * 10
2, p
5for-5.83 * 10
1, p
6be 1.36 * 10
-1, p
7for-5.92 * 10
-3, p
8be 7.96 * 10
-5, p
9for-3.85 * 10
-7.
6. a kind of paper oil insulation Electric Power Equipment Insulation ageing state detection method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described polarization depolarization current tester adopts the PDC-ANALYSER-1MOD insulation analysis instrument of Switzerland ALFF company.
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| CN105699864B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2018-03-09 | 大连理工大学 | The method of assessment oil paper insulation ageing state based on polarization depolarising charge difference |
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| CN109001598B (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2020-09-01 | 重庆大学 | Method for evaluating oil paper insulation aging state of transformer by applying depolarization electric quantity growth rate |
| CN109507554B (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-11-24 | 国网四川省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Electrical equipment insulation state evaluation method |
| CN109709458B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2021-07-06 | 国网黑龙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Polarization/depolarization current test method for multilayer oilpaper composite insulation structure |
| CN111044858B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-10-20 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司检修试验中心 | Risk assessment system and method for extra-high voltage converter transformer |
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| DE10161410A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-18 | Rainer Patsch | Quantification of the aging of oil and paper insulation of cables or transformers by use of the return voltage method with a temperature-independent characteristic value determined from three measurement values |
| CN101408578B (en) * | 2008-11-21 | 2011-12-14 | 重庆大学 | Multiple factors accelerated aging test apparatus and method for oil paper insulation of transformer |
| CN101713721A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-05-26 | 西安交通大学 | Experimental device and experimental method for transformer oilpaper insulating thermal ageing |
| CN101713810B (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2012-10-17 | 西安交通大学 | Test unit for monitoring oil-paper insulation state |
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