CN103086760A - Preparation method of ecological fertilizer - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an ecological fertilizer which is ecological and environment-friendly and rich in organic nutrient elements. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing an organic substance containing a carbon element with inorganic raw materials containing nitrogen and phosphorus elements to prepare a mixed material; (2) adding composite microorganism A, uniformly stirring, wherein the water content is 50-60wt%, the microorganism A is one or a plurality of bacillus, lactobacillus, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes, the viable organism content is not less than 1billion/g; (3) biologically fermenting; (4) drying the mixed material obtained in the step (3) at low temperature; (5) adding composite microorganism B in the low-temperature dried material, stirring and mixing; (6) pelletizing the mixed material obtained in the step (5) to obtain the ecological fertilizer; and (7) packing the ecological fertilizer prepared in the step (6) and storing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for preparing fertilizer, the preparation method of the organic nutritive element ecological fertilizer of especially a kind of enrichment.
Background technology
Nearly three during the last ten years, appearance along with the inorganic chemistry agricultural theory, a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element have been replenished in soil, changed and lacked the situation of element in soil, the yield per unit of agricultural is significantly improved, changed at one stroke the present situation in short supply of grain resource, alleviated food contradiction in short supply since the dawn of human civilization, pushing effect has been played in whole Economic development.The inorganic agriculture theory is thought: plant is ruptured with the relation that absorbs organic substance, and organic nutrient substance could be by plant absorbing after must passing through mineralising, gasification, chemistryization and inorganicization.Under the guidance of this theory, guided agricultural into mistaken ideas that a height relies on chemical fertilizer, think that the unique selection that improves output uses chemical fertilizer exactly, immoderate use chemical fertilizer has become the universal phenomenon in agriculture production, deviation on this understanding causes whole agricultural industry to be absorbed in more boundless and indistinct condition.
Farm crop are not selected and distinguishing ability the absorption self of small molecule structure element, after having caused a large amount of chemical elements to be absorbed, generate excessive quality material in addition in the farming object, poisonous and harmful substances is invaded in fruit, the pollution of formation to agricultural-food, after these objectionable constituent enter human body, caused fetal anomaly, the child is retarded, heart and brain are sick, diabetes, three high diseases, obesity and cancer multiple and early sending out, and has directly endangered national health.
Long-term excessive use chemical fertilizer, suppressed beneficial microorganism procreation in soil, broken the balance of micro-ecological environment in soil, harmful microorganism is risen to by original competition and equilibrium state to be ruled and occupation status, the corruption of soil is more and more serious, soil microenvironment deteriorated led agricultural into to the vicious cycle epoch from the natural circulation epoch.This state has been broken and has been continued millions of year microbe-enzymatic-organism-plant, the natural mechanism that the inner nutrition of this soil generates, organic a large amount of loss the in soil, the objectionable impurities that the metabolism of harmful microorganism amount reproduction produces and toxin are invaded the crop body, cause the disease and the insect pest phenomenon that more weigh.In addition, pernicious ecological circulation has also caused the social concerns such as excessive energy consumption, environmental pollution and agriculture production cost rising.
Ecological agriculture theory is refinement and the optimization to natural agriculture and inorganic chemistry agricultural theory.Principal feature is: disclose the objective law relevant to agricultural, do not apply artificial compulsory measure to the natural law, more do not apply the outside stimulus means to farm crop, but the rule that complies with the nature is made the best use of the situation, means with gentleness, improve the inside and outside living environment of crop, strengthen eucyclic proportion, shorten the benign cycle cycle, adjust the rhythm of growth, induce farm crop to health, high yield and precocious future development.
With regard to the nutritive element of the growth needs of farm crop, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are the maximum elements that plant growth needs, and this is incontrovertible.And in production practice, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are used as macroelement, the master slave relation of corps nutrient supply system has been disturbed in the disconnection of this theory and practice, and the compulsive means of putting the cart before the horse have caused the lopsided development of whole agricultural industry artificially.
The present invention is according to the principle of ecology, utilize crop there is no holding a little of selection and distinguishing ability to the absorption of small molecule structure material, the inorganic chemistry element is changed chemical property outside native Reel, utilize ecotechnology to make it to derive the organic nutrient substance that needs for human body, apply native Reel relief crop without the absorption of differentiating, be assembled in fruit, thereby obtain honest, agricultural-food enrichment nutrition, that have nourishing function.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of ecological, environmental protective, be rich in the preparation method of the ecological fertilizer of organotrophy element.
Realize the preparation method of a kind of ecological fertilizer of the object of the invention, comprise the steps:
(1) organic substance with carbon elements is mixed and made into mixture with the inorganic substance that contain nitrogen, phosphoric.The effect that adds organic materials in step (1), to be the principle of plant growth needs greatest member according to hydrocarbon oxygen in ecological agriculture theory, with the principal element of the carbohydrate in organic materials as hydrocarbon oxygen, make it to become the basic substance of the required nutrient of plant growth; The effect that adds the inorganic nitrogen phosphoric in step (1) is in order to allow it be combined with carbon by biological fermentation, to generate the organotrophy element that crop needs.The inorganic nitrogen phosphoric has dual character to the growth of crop: their protein, amino acid, nucleoprotein, indispensable in planting the nutritive substances such as element, phosphatide and phosphoric acid in synthetic agricultural-food on the one hand; Excessive use nitrogen phosphoric, can cause the increase of the objectionable impurities such as nitrogenous compound in agricultural-food and cause soil compaction, the adverse consequences of rhizosphere anoxic on the other hand.The present invention consciously causes excessive result of mixing when inorganic elements is mixed material, carbon-nitrogen ratio is chosen in 5-20: in 1 scope, and the scope of normal 30: 1 head and shoulders above; Carbon-phosphorus ratio is chosen in 8-30: 1 scope, the scope of normal 54: 1 head and shoulders above.Purpose is by generating more organotrophy element after biological fermentation, not only having improved the effect of fertilizer, and can not produce inorganic elements to the negative impact of farm crop.
The favourable one side that the present invention uses on agricultural the inorganic chemistry element enlarges, to the negative impact boil down to zero of its generation.
(2) add complex microorganism A, stir, water content reaches 50～60wt%; Described complex microorganism A is one or more in genus bacillus, milk-acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, viable bacteria content 〉=1,000,000,000/gram.In complex microorganism A genus bacillus act as two aspects: the one, genus bacillus fiber in the carbohydrate as food source, is glucide with fiber degradation, becomes the unavailable nutrition of crop and is available nutrition; The 2nd, the organic acid that genus bacillus produces can generate organophosphorus with the activation of the inorganic phosphorus element in material.In complex microorganism, yeast and milk-acid bacteria are two extremely strong bacterial classifications of synergetic property, saccharomycetic metabolite can become the food source of milk-acid bacteria, the food chain that they form is the ecosphere of a closure, and their acting in conjunction can effectively free the carbon in carbohydrate from the constraint of hydrogen-oxygen element.Actinomycetes have very strong nitrogen fixing capacity, and its amount reproduction during the fermentation is conducive to the performance that this fertilizer applies field artifact function.
Water content with mixture in step (2) is controlled at 5060Wt%, is for suitable growing environment is provided to microorganism.
Stirring in step (2) is for complex microorganism A and moisture being evenly distributed in material, being beneficial to abundant fermentation.
(3) biological fermentation: with mixture spontaneous fermentation in the environment of aerobic that step (2) makes, control temperature not higher than 60 degree Celsius.The process of fermentation is that microorganism A degrades to organic and inorganic material, and the process of synthetic higher one-level nutrition.Contain a large amount of carbohydrate in organic materials, in 95% left and right, wherein carbon accounts for 45% left and right as the content of carbohydrate in stalk; In various cultivation movements, carbohydrate content is in 55% left and right, and wherein carbon accounts for 25% left and right.Carbon in these carbohydrate combines closely with the hydrogen-oxygen element, has been subject to the constraint of hydrogen-oxygen element, and complex microorganism A Degradation during the fermentation frees carbon from the hydrogen-oxygen element, become free element.
The carbon that gains freedom combines with the inorganic nitrogen element that adds during the fermentation, generates organonitrogen, and main component is protein, amino acid and acid amides etc.In material after fermentation, carbohydrate exists with more higher leveled nutrition form.That is to say, excessive nitrogen element for more carbon provides the chance that generates organonitrogen, makes the organotrophy composition of fertilizer abundanter in the process of synthetic organonitrogen.
In like manner, the carbon that gains freedom is in the mode of C-C, and link adds the inorganic phosphorus Element generation organophosphorus in material, and main component comprises: nucleoprotein, phosphatide, phosphoric acid and plant element.Carbohydrate after fermenting process is completed in material also exists with the more senior form of another kind, the excessive change that adds phosphoric in material not only to realize self chemical property, also for C-C link inorganic phosphorus provides more sufficient chance, make the organophosphorus content in fertilizer abundanter.
Organonitrogen and organophosphorus are all the nutritive ingredients of needed by human, after transforming, this technique makes it to be enriched among fertilizer, be manured into soil and utilize crop that Nutrient Absorption is not had to select and the characteristics of distinguishing ability enter in plant materials afterwards, be enriched in fruit, become the agricultural-food with nutrition and health care function.
In the fermenting process of step (3), microorganism is in the degradable carbon hydrate, self is the many benefit materials of metabolism generation also, as phytokinin, indolylacetic acid, VITAMIN, toluylic acid, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins and amino acid etc., these benefit materials are mixed in biological organic fertilizer, can become promotor and the conditioning agent of plant growth.The thalline of withering away contains a large amount of tropinas, mineral element and somatomedin, can become propulsion source and the nutrition source of plant growth.
In step (3), leavening temperature is controlled at below 60 ℃, the one, for can kill harmful miscellaneous bacteria and weed seed; The 2nd, protect to greatest extent the survival rate of microorganism in complex microorganism A., can lower the temperature by stirring during higher than 60 ℃ when temperature.
(4) mixture that step (3) is obtained carries out oven drying at low temperature, and bake out temperature is not higher than 40 degree Celsius, to material moisture≤30Wt%.The purpose of oven dry is in order to reach the requirement of specified moisture content in NY884-2004 industry operative norm.Adopting oven drying at low temperature is in order to protect the survival volume of live body in material.
(5) material after oven drying at low temperature adds complex microorganism B again, mixes; Described complex microorganism B is: one or more in genus bacillus, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes, viable count 〉=1,000,000,000/gram.Secondary adds the effect of complex microorganism B as follows: the ecological organic fertilier that the present invention produces applies two functions of main performance behind the field, the one, trophic function, the organotrophy element that is rich in fertilizer can be directly absorbed by crops after applying the field, becomes the power of plant growth; The 2nd, biological function, the harmful microorganism in soil can cause the effectively loss of nutritive ingredient in soil, and the micro-ecological environment of soil is worsened, and cause the disease of crop.Applying effective microorganisms in soil, allow beneficial microorganism squeeze the harmful microbe living space by antagonism, the mode of competing and capturing, is the effective measure of improving the soil microorganisms environment.This has not only proposed the requirement of live body quantity to useful complex microorganism, and higher requirement has been proposed also kind, due to after complex microorganism A passes through pyroprocess during the fermentation, can not ensure the needs of value volume and range of product, secondary adds complex microorganism B targetedly.
bacillus megaterium in complex microorganism B and subtilis are mainly brought into play two functions: first in the tillage method of the straw-returning of advocating at present, a large amount of robust fibre is directly applied the field, these robust fibre not only can not be absorbed by crops, also in natural degradation with the phenomenon of making deposits yields contention nitrogen element, affected the growth of crop, bacillus megaterium and subtilis can be take robust fibre as food source, they are in consuming coarse-fibred process, what metabolism produced is carbohydrate, organic acid, the material such as protein and organized enzyme, these material major parts can absorbed by cropsly be utilized, second, the Soil Phosphorus element also has no lack of, be that most of phosphoric is fixed in soil after losing acid group, can not be absorbed by crops, become invalid phosphorus, bacillus megaterium and subtilis can produce a large amount of organic acids in metabolism, these organic acid voidable phosphorus are activated into and are available phosphorus.
The invalid potassium element of silicate bacteria in complex microorganism B in the soil is as food source, and its metabolite is active potassium, and the silicate bacteria in Eco-fertilizer can be converted into active potassium with the invalid potassium in soil.In the situation that severe potassium deficiency in present soil, the potassium function of releasing of silicate bacteria seems particularly important.
Photosynthetic Pseudomonas regeneration synthesis bacterium in complex microorganism B, its Main Function is the toxin in cleaning and conversion soil, is converted into nontoxic poisonous and objectionable impurities and innoxious substance, is the function bacterium that purifies edatope.In the corpse of photosynthetic bacteria, tropina content reaches more than 60%, can be crop or other microorganism provides nutrition.
In complex microorganism B, actinomycetic Main Function is the fixed nitrogen element, the nitrogen element is the important element of synthetic protein, in air, the content of nitrogen element reaches more than 70%, also contain a large amount of nitrogen elements in soil, be that this nitrogen element that exists with molecularity can not be absorbed by farm crop, actinomycetes can assist to do the nitrogen element of the chlorophyll absorption molecularity in object.
Yeast in complex microorganism B and milk-acid bacteria, it is the extremely strong probiotics of a pair of complementarity, their food chain is the ecosphere of a closure, after they are manured into soil, can degrade organic substance in soil, the somatomedin in its metabolite and various trace element can absorbed by cropsly utilize, because they are with strong complementarity, metabolism is vigorous, and effect significantly in seizing the soil ecology position.
(6) mixture that step (5) is obtained carries out granulation and makes ecological fertilizer;
(7) the ecological fertilizer packing of step (6) preparation is put in storage.
Organic substance in described step (1) comprises agricultural crop straw, aquaculture movement, industrial organic waste and poor slag, the withered thing of plant or municipal wastes.
Inorganic elements in described step (1) comprises urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, calcium superphosphate or ground phosphate rock.
After the mixing of described inorganic elements and organic substance, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 5～20: 1; Carbon-phosphorus ratio is 8～30: 1, can require according to the difference to the nutrition accumulation degree to select.
In described step (2), it is 1～2kg that mixture per ton adds the weight of complex microorganism A.
The fermentation time of described step (3) is 7～10 days, and turn over material 1～3 time every day, ensures that fermentation evenly.
Adopt extruder grain or cylinder granulation, water content≤30wt% in described step (6).
The preparation method's of a kind of ecological fertilizer of the present invention beneficial effect is as follows:
The mistaken ideas that exist in the fertilizer application theory have been broken through, the inorganic chemistry element is carried out organic-treating outside soil, made ecological fertilizer is used for agriculture production, the agricultural-food of producing not only can reach the standard of green or organic farm products, can also produce the high-end agricultural-food of enrichment nutrition, fill up the blank with nourishing function agricultural-food, make high-quality and high yield in agriculture production realize unified.
1. the ecological fertilizer of the present invention preparation can improve the atmospheric environment of the earth, reduces carbon emission.
organic waste in environment for human survival, as: agricultural, Stock raising waste, municipal wastes, production, Brewing industry organic emission etc., often be not taken seriously, arbitrarily lose and be placed in open-air atmosphere, sufficient oxygen atmosphere provides suitable Reproduction Conditions for harmful microorganism, make harmful microorganism grow in a large number in organic waste and multiply, metabolism produces ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, methyl alcohol, the objectionable impurities such as thiomethyl alcohol and carbonic acid gas, to rivers, atmosphere and animals and plants consist of pollution, make the earth become a large food steamer that distributes poison gas, particularly a large amount of dischargings of the obnoxious flavour such as methane, also can destroy the ozonosphere of preserving our planet, the ecosystem to the earth constitutes a serious threat.
The present invention prepares the raw material of ecological organic fertilier, mainly takes from above-mentioned organic waste materials, turns waste into wealth, and makes source of pollution become the efficient resource that the mankind can use.
2. improve the utilization ratio of fertilizer.
In corrupt type soil, harmful microorganism occupies the soil ecology position, and the fertilizer in being manured into soil is gasified in a large number and runs off, and what farm crop absorbed is that harmful microorganism destroys the residue that the organotrophy composition stays, and specific absorption only accounts for 20%--24%.
After the micro-ecological environment of soil improves, farm crop to organotrophic absorption near 100%, trace element and mineral substance contained in organic substance are decomposed out by microorganism, reuptaked utilization by farm crop, particularly carbon is under the beneficial microorganism degraded, form with soluble saccharide shifts to new life entity, has realized the efficient utilization of carbon.
Carbon, hydrogen, the content of oxygen element in the farming object account for the 95%--96% that generates body, carbon absorbs the increase of widening and absorb total amount of channel, driven the absorption of plant materials to hydrogen, oxygen element, plant materials presents the situation of element simultaneous growth, add that farm crop enlarge the effect that absorbs hydrogen, oxygen element, the comprehensive utilization ratio of fertilizer can be brought up to 150%--200%.
The reprocessing cycle phenomenon that organic substance enlarges can be broken on the earth organic substance total amount increase rule slowly, makes organic substance reach abundant greatly by benign cycle, in other words, makes on the earth and can carry more life, comprises the mankind itself.
3. phosphorus decomposing, release potassium and nitrogen fixation
Contain abundant phosphoric in soil, phosphoric could be absorbed by farm crop when only existing with the form of phosphoric acid, because the phosphoric storage that loses acid group is very large, these phosphoric not only can not absorbed by cropsly utilize, cause on the contrary soil compaction, when the invalid phosphorus in soil reaches 40 mg/kg, will cause farm crop root system anoxic and phosphorism.Phosphate fertilizer in being manured into soil, the absorption rate of farm crop, will be converted into invalid phosphorus and be fixed in soil in case lose acid group in 20% left and right.
Every energy metabolism produces the organic acid mushroom and is referred to as phosphate solubilizing bacteria, also cry the PSM bacterium, the organic acid that these microbial metabolisms produce can be with the phosphoric combination that is fixed in soil, to change available phosphorus into after invalid phosphorus activation, every mu applies 1-2 kilogram PSM biotechnological formulation, available phosphorus 8-16 kilogram can be discharged per season, 1000 kilograms of grains or 6000 kilograms of solanaceous vegetableses can be satisfied to the growth needs of phosphoric.
Potassium element in soil also and have no lack of, just the potassium element of 95% left and right is insoluble potassium, can not be absorbed by farm crop.Bacillusmusilaginosiengineering is take insoluble potassium as food source, its metabolite is active potassium, it is the mushroom of reduction and activation potassium element, every mu applies 2 kilograms of EM composite biological agents or silicate-dissolving microbe, potassium element 16-20 kilogram can be activated per season, 500 kilograms of grains or 2000 kilograms of solanaceous vegetableses can be satisfied to the needs of potassium element.
71.3% of airborne nitrogen duty gas total amount, these nitrogen elements that exist with molecularity can not be by plant absorbing, and actinomycetes can be fixed the nitrogen element in air and soil, and absorbed by farm crop with the form of molecule.
4. stabilize the phase mutual interference between elements in Soil.
In agricultural production practice, the phenomenon of nitrogen, phosphorus, the unprincipled use of potassium element is commonplace, the position of element in soil significantly promoted, in other, trace element presents etat lacunaire, and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element are most active nutritive elements in soil, highlighting of they started interactive disturbance between elements in Soil, make in other that originally just is in weak tendency, trace element is difficult to self-insurance, affected the absorption of crop to these elements, cause the consequence of disturbing nutritional deficiency, even caused the serious generation of disease.For example the excessive of nitrogen element applies, and can suppress crop to the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, zinc, calcium; The excessive of phosphoric applies, and can suppress crop to the absorption of potassium, boron, zinc, iron, copper.Be nutritional deficiency disease on the present farm crop of these interference table, and this nutritional deficiency be not because soil in contain quantity not sufficient, sheerly manual operation improper due to.This interference does not also cause enough attention at present, and the impact that agricultural is produced is very large.
Beneficial microorganism can free the carbon in organic substance from carbohydrate, carbon atom with the inorganic nitrogen in soil in conjunction with after, generate organonitrogen, organonitrogen is stable nutritive element, can not produce in other, the interference of trace element; In like manner, carbon connects the phosphoric in soil with the form of C-C and generates organophosphorus, and organophosphorus is also stable nutritive element, not can in other, trace element causes interference.Because beneficial microorganism in soil is got involved, calmed down the interference of inorganic chemistry element, reduced the difficulty of corps nutrient balance, ensured the stable absorption of each nutritive element.
Microorganism be in soil and the farming object in product enzyme source.
Enzyme is the protein of the specific chemical reaction of catalysis, enzyme in soil is called exogenous enzyme, what it produced is negative reaction, catalyzing organic is degraded, make it to become the small molecules nutrition that can be absorbed by farm crop, progressively develop into carbohydrate as the fibrous texture in carbohydrate is destroyed, the amido linkage of protein is destroyed, make it to return the amino acid state, absorb for the farm crop root system.Enzyme in the farming object, be called endogenous enzyme, what endogenous enzyme produced is positive reaction, Root Absorption is arrived the carbohydrate in the farming object, the nutrition of amino acids single form, needs according to the variety of crops characteristic, be connected to become the materials such as fiber, starch, sugar and protein, be arranged on the corresponding growth site of farm crop.Farm crop do not have the katalysis of enzyme will devitalization in whole process of growth.
Beneficial microorganism is in its breeding and survival processes, but metabolism produces various enzymes, but a kind of microorganism metabolism produces the various active enzyme, microorganism of a great variety in soil, the enzyme that metabolism produces can satisfy in process of crop growth nutritive element degraded and the needs that synthesize.Sufficient exogenous enzyme can be replenished the deficiency of endogenous enzyme, makes farm crop often keep vigorous vigor.
6. the beneficial microorganism in soil can improve the immunizing power of farm crop, increases anti-continuous cropping ability.
The proteolytic enzyme that the beneficial microorganism metabolism produces, the backbone of protein can be cut off, except a part generates amino acid, another part generates range of hydrolysed peptides, Toplink is absorbed by farm crop with complete form, produce special peptide nutrition mechanism in the farming object, wherein antibacterial peptide produces disease-resistant factor in making object, has improved the immunizing power of farm crop.
Complex microorganism preparations with modern biotechnology cultivation and production, have the advantages that synergetic property is good, breeding is fast, can expand rapidly numerous during they are manured into soil, can seize in soil 70% ecological position in 1 year, progressively squeeze the harmful microorganisms such as Phytophthora cactorum bacterium, black root bacterium, vertical withered mould and sickle mycete, make them lose living space, reach and stop the purpose that soil-borne disease occurs.
Beneficial microorganism colonizes in around rhizosphere take the root rhizosphere secreta of crop as nutrition source, forms bacterium chain layer by layer, and root is played a protective role, and can effectively oppose imperial harmful microorganism to the intrusion of rhizosphere.
Some farm crop can be caused poor growth because of the continuous cropping reason, and early ageing and death even appear in the rhizosphere poor growth, and similar phenomenon also easily occurs in the orchard that some cultivation time limits are grown, and its major cause is:
1.. the preceding crop root rhizosphere secreta is residual, under the harmful microbe degraded, can generate toxin, these toxin can suppress the breathing of the similar root of the crop of rear stubble, even can kill new root and the young root of succession crop, evidence is cultivated similar crop with old root leach liquor, seedling emerge rear about 10 days will be dead, be exactly due to this reason.
2.. the preceding crop root rhizosphere secreta has nourished a large amount of harmful microorganisms, and these microorganisms have directive property to the harm of similar crop rhizosphere, succession crop seedling and new root resistibility a little less than, easily encroached on, main manifestations is root rot.For orchard for many years, even large tree because harmful microorganism is bred for many years, can produce root rot equally, plantation also is difficult to survive with fruit trees in old orchard.
3.. Different Crop emphasizes particularly on different fields at trace element and the mineral element of necessary for growth, the similar crop of plantation can be caused some scarcity micro-and mineral element in soil continuously, because the nutritional deficiency reason causes metabolism disorder, immunity degradation suffers disease.
Beneficial microorganism occupies the ecological niche postpone of soil, can transform the toxin that the harmful microorganism metabolism produces, and compression harmful microbe living space replaces even fully, has eliminated the origin cause of formation that continuous cropping continuous cropping harm occurs.Beneficial microorganism all discharges the trace element in organic substance and mineral element when the efficient degradation organic substance, and succession crop the nutritional deficiency phenomenon can not occur.After adopting ecotechnology, can effectively restrain the harm that the continuous cropping continuous cropping causes.
7. the hazard residue in beneficial microorganism degradable agricultural-food, remove the impact of heavy metal ion on agricultural-food in soil and air.
Invade the toxin that the harmful microorganism metabolism in the farming object produces, can damage the kind gene of farm crop, cause the quality of agricultural-food to descend, will form the hazard residue of agricultural-food after toxin enters fruit.Microorganism with complex functionality can be converted into the hazard residue in agricultural-food nontoxic nutritive substance as photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacterium.
Heavy metal contamination is the important factor of hazard residue, and its source of pollution mainly come from chemical pesticide, municipal wastes and air, has the microorganism of complex functionality, can be with the residual innoxious substance that is converted into of heavy metal contamination, thus alleviate heavy metal to the pollution of agricultural-food.
8. can accelerate crop growth and ripe speed.
The organic nutrient substance that in beneficial microorganism degraded soil, organic metabolism produces, can be by the farm crop direct-assembling to doing on object, and inorganic nutritive element carries out conversion and building-up process from inorganic to organic making the object domestic demand after being absorbed by farm crop, and this process is a very long and power consumption process.Organotrophy absorbs to be compared with the absorption of inorganic nutrients, its starting point that nutrition is provided is far above inorganic nutrients, complete farm crop are external due to the power consumption process, enter the chain that has shortened growth after plant materials, show that doing on object is exactly that growth is fast, ripe morning.
9. can prevent and reduce the generation of insect pest.
Beneficial microorganism produces sour fragrance during organic substance in degraded soil, do not produce the odorous gas such as ammonia, methane, hydrogen sulfide, can not attract insect.
The beneficial microorganism worm's ovum shell of can degrading makes the chorion calcification, can not normal development become nymph, and single this can be reduced insect pest 60% left and right.Carbon in soil, hydrogen, oxygen element enrich, and are unfavorable for the hatching of Adult worms producting eggs and larva.
Itself just has insecticidal function some microorganism, as the EM liquid of 200 times, can make the blackening of aphid polypide, loses physiological function; The protein that Bacillus thuringiensis and muscardine metabolism produce itself is exactly good sterilant, with the sterilant that these mycoprotein are produced, people, animal without any toxic side effect, has been received good effect.
10. short bud, extraneous root and strong seedling effect.
Phytokinin, indolylacetic acid, VITAMIN, toluylic acid, Plant hormones regulators,gibberellins and amino acid isoreactivity material that the beneficial microorganism metabolism produces, and the peptide matters that derives can promote seed germination after entering the farming object, stimulate root growth.The increase of underground increment has promoted the increase of increment on the ground, has improved simultaneously drought resisting and the tolerance to cold of farm crop.
11. can improve ground temperature, what enlarge farm crop should make scope.
The process of beneficial microorganism degradation of organic substances matter, it is an energy exchange processes, the heat that this process produces can make ground temperature improve 2-3 degree Celsius, adds that the crop growth process is accelerated and the shortening in ripening stage, and the farm crop that can enlarge due to temperature limitation should make scope.
12. the minimizing biological pollution, the freshness date that extends product.
The harmful microbe living space has been compressed in the improvement of micro-ecological environment, has reduced the biological pollution of harmful microorganism to agricultural-food, and the freshness date of agricultural-food can be doubled, and has reduced the loss that causes because rotting, and has improved the level of safety of food.
The micro-ecological environment of soil is inseparable with agriculture production, follows this theory, need to re-recognize and estimate the fertilizer that is manured into soil, and conclusion is: the fertilizer in soil is a double-edged sword.Occupy in the corrupt type soil of ecological position at harmful microorganism, fertilizer provides the basic substance of existence and breeding for harmful microorganism, caused growing in a large number of they, consequently causes the generation that increases the weight of of organotrophic significant wastage and corps diseases; On the contrary, occupy in the soil of ecological position at beneficial microorganism, all transition and being assembled on the farm crop live body of organic nutrient substance add the expansion circulation of hydrogen, oxygen, and the utilization ratio of fertilizer significantly improves, and the disease and pest of farm crop reduces.
Go close examination and estimate soil good and bad from the angle of the ecological agriculture, the micro-ecological environment of estimating soil should be put in the first place and consider, Here it is includes little ecology of soil the reason place of agriculture as the foundation of the economy theory in.
Embodiment
The preparation method of a kind of ecological fertilizer of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) organic substance with carbon elements is mixed and made into mixture with the inorganic substance that contain nitrogen, phosphoric;
Organic substance comprises agricultural crop straw, aquaculture movement, industrial organic waste and poor slag, the withered thing of plant or municipal wastes.
Inorganic substance comprise urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, calcium superphosphate or ground phosphate rock.
After the mixing of described inorganic elements and organic substance, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 5～20: 1; Carbon-phosphorus ratio is 8～30: 1, can require according to the difference to the nutrition accumulation degree to select.
(2) add complex microorganism A, stir, water content reaches 50%-60%, and hand is held agglomerating, and the webs water breakthrough does not drip and is advisable; Described complex microorganism A is one or more in genus bacillus, milk-acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, viable bacteria content 〉=1,000,000,000/gram.Major function frees carbon atom for destroying the structure of carbohydrate from the constraint of hydrogen-oxygen atom.
In described step (2), it is 1～2kg that mixture per ton adds the weight of complex microorganism A.
(3) biological fermentation:
With mixture spontaneous fermentation in the environment of aerobic that step (2) makes, control temperature not higher than 60 degree Celsius; To kill miscellaneous bacteria and weed seed is advisable.
The fermentation time of described step (3) is 7～10 days, and turn over material 1～3 time every day, ensures that fermentation evenly.
(4) mixture that step (3) is obtained carries out oven drying at low temperature, and bake out temperature is high level cadre's 40 degree Celsius not, to material moisture≤30wt%.
(5) material after oven drying at low temperature adds complex microorganism B again, mixes; Described complex microorganism B is: one or more in genus bacillus (subtilis, bacillus megaterium), milk-acid bacteria, yeast, silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes, viable count 〉=1,000,000,000/gram;
(6) mixture that step (5) is obtained carries out granulation and makes ecological fertilizer;
(7) the ecological fertilizer packing of step (6) preparation is put in storage.
Adopt extruder grain or cylinder granulation, water content≤30wt% in described step (6).
According to the principle of the ecological agriculture, can also class release be fit to warmhouse booth production green or organic vegetable join that fertile method---target is joined fertile method.
Now take the expected volume of tomato per mu yield 1.5 kilograms as example, join fertile as follows:
1. target setting output 1.5 kilograms
2. selection organic materials:
1.. 800 kilograms of maize straws; 2.. 4500 kilograms of cow dungs; 3.. 1200 kilograms of chicken manures.
3. determine the aggregate demand of carbon:
1.. every kg of carbon element produces 12 kilograms of fruits, and the demand of carbon is:
15000 kilograms of ÷ 12=1250 kilograms
2.. getting buffering capacity is 30%, 1250 kilogram * 30%=375 kilogram
3.. need the carbon total amount: 1250 kilograms+375 kilograms=1625 kilograms.
4. prescription is checked:
1.. to the checking computations of carbon:
Maize straw: 800 kilograms * 45%=360 kilogram
Cow dung chicken manure: (4500+1200) kilogram * 25%=1425 kilogram
Total carbon content: 1425 kilograms+360 kilograms=1785 kilograms
Meet the requirement of 1625 kilograms of aggregate demands.
2.. to the checking of nitrogen:
Every kilogram of nitrogen can produce 380 kilograms of fruits,
Total nitrogen requirement is: 15000 kilograms of ÷ 380=39.5 kilograms.
The nitrogenous 0.48%:800 kilogram of stalk * 0.48%=3.8 kilogram.
The nitrogenous 0.32%:4500 kilogram of cow dung * 0.32%=14.4 kilogram
The nitrogenous 1.63%:1200 kilogram of chicken manure * 1.63%=19.56 kilogram.
Apply total nitrogen for (3.8+14.4+19.56) kilogram=37.76 kilograms, near the requirement of aggregate demand
3.. to the checking of phosphoric:
Every kilogram of phosphoric can produce 660 kilograms of fruits,
Always needing the phosphorus amount is 15000 kilograms of ÷ 660=22.7 kilograms.
Phosphorous 0.22%:800 kilogram * 0.22%=1.8 kilogram in stalk.
Phosphorous 0.21%:4500 kilogram * 0.21%=9.45 kilogram in cow dung.
Content 1.54%:1200 kilogram * 1.54%=18.48 kilogram in chicken manure.
Total phosphorus content is: (1.8+9.45+18.48) kilogram=29.82 kilograms meets total requirement that needs the phosphorus amount.
4.. to the checking of potassium element:
Every kilogram of potassium element can produce 122 kilograms of fruits,
Always need the potassium amount to be: 15000 kilograms of ÷ 122=123 kilograms.
Contain potassium 0.64%:800 kilogram * 0.64%=5.12 kilogram in stalk.
Contain potassium 0.16%:4500 kilogram * 0.16=7.2 kilogram in cow dung.
Contain potassium 0.85%:1200 kilogram * 0.85%=10.2 kilogram in chicken manure,
Total potassium content is: (5.12+7.2+10.2) kilogram=22.52 kilograms.
The amount of waning of potassium element is: 123 kilograms-22.52 kilograms=100.5 kilograms.
Potassium element plays a part to delay senility, increase output in making object, is the principal element of strong bar and swollen fruit, and potassium element also plays a part to improve the endogenous enzyme vigor, in above-mentioned formula, if want to realize expected volume, must replenish the potassium element double centner.Potassium element does not belong to the inorganic chemistry element, and can enter the potassium of making object is all organic potassium, does not have the pollution to agricultural-food.
5.. about trace element.
The organism that applies in this formula is all the complex body of nutrition, the various trace elements that all contain the tomato growth needs, all can be released and be absorbed by tomato under the degraded of microorganism, can substantially satisfy the growth needs of tomato, in production practice, in order to urge flower, fruit retention and raising fruit color rate, trace elements such as a small amount of boron make-up, zinc, magnesium according to circumstances.
5. the use of biological organic fertilizer and biotechnological formulation.
Utilizing biotechnology is one of core content of the ecological agriculture, in above fertilizer application formula, has left the support of biotechnology, and this formula is cannot stand.The coagulation efficiency and mechanism front of microorganism is talked about, no longer repeat, need to prove, the biological organic fertilizer production of China is forming an industry, will play a significant role in the agriculture production in future, but this industry is in the starting stage after all, product brand is various, and production technique also has very big difference, and quality product is also very different, perfect along with country to the trade management means, product will be more and more to the future development of standard.
Under existing conditions, will select products standard, large enterprises when selecting biological organic fertilizer as far as possible, because the vegetable grower does not have the technology for detection means, be difficult to differentiate the quality of quality, collective evaluation is taked in place with good conditionsi, and the mode of unified ordering is relatively good.
6. fertile evaluation is joined in above checking computations.
Above-mentioned tomato is joined fertile scheme, meets the principle of protecting carbon, control nitrogen phosphorus, mending potassium and buffering, and this leading indicator of the carbon-nitrogen ratio in scheme is 47.8: 1.This scheme nitrogen slightly wanes, and does not need to consider artificial supplementation.Main nutrient elements is balanced, has dropped to the interference of the interaction between element minimum.Need to prove, when selecting carbon-nitrogen ratio, should be at (30-80): select in 1 scope, leaf vegetables and happiness water vegetables can be selected ratio more greatly, but must not be greater than 30: 1; Solanaceous vegetables can select ratio less, but must not be less than 80: 1.
According to ecological agriculture nutritive equilibrium principle, adopt brief target to join fertile method, be only suitable for the production model of heliogreenhouse, facts have proved to have following advantage:
1.. method is easy, and the people who possesses primary school's schooling can quantize to calculate.
2.. can gather materials on the spot, select the good carbon materials of cost performance to make carbon source, can reduce fund input 50% left and right.
3.. have good Productive Potential, output can increase by 1 times of left and right.
4.. quality significantly improves, and agricultural product quality can reach the standard of national green and organic products.
5.. can improve immunizing power and the resistance, particularly low light tolerance of crop and low temperature resistant ability and significantly improve.
6.. growth is fast, and is early ripe.Biological function has been broken away from the restriction of sunlight, can realize continual growth in 24 hours, and solanaceous vegetables can shift to an earlier date listing in 7-10 days.
7.. reduced the expenses that uses chemical fertilizer.
8.. but fertilizing soil becomes nutrition library covering extensive fields with soil.Make the soil kind of becoming better and better.
9.. can stop the generation of soil-borne disease and continuous cropping obstacle.
Embodiment recited above is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not that scope of the present invention is limited; design under spiritual prerequisite not breaking away from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that the common engineering technical personnel in this area make technical solution of the present invention all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of an ecological fertilizer, comprise the steps:
(1) organic substance with carbon elements is mixed and made into mixture with the inorganic urmaterie that contains nitrogen, phosphoric;
(2) add complex microorganism A, stir, water content reaches 50～60wt%; Described complex microorganism A is one or more in genus bacillus, milk-acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, viable bacteria content 〉=1,000,000,000/gram;
(3) biological fermentation: with mixture spontaneous fermentation in the environment of aerobic that step (2) makes, control temperature not higher than 60 degree Celsius;
(4) mixture that step (3) is obtained carries out oven drying at low temperature, and bake out temperature is lower than 40 degree Celsius, to material moisture≤30wt%;
(5) material after oven drying at low temperature adds complex microorganism B again, mixes; Described complex microorganism B is: one or more in genus bacillus, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, silicate bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria and actinomycetes, viable count 〉=1,000,000,000/gram;
(6) mixture that step (5) is obtained carries out granulation and makes ecological fertilizer;
(7) the ecological fertilizer packing of step (6) preparation is put in storage.
2. the preparation method of a kind of ecological fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the organic substance in described step (1) comprises agricultural crop straw, aquaculture movement, industrial organic waste and poor slag, the withered thing of plant or municipal wastes.
3. the preparation method of a kind of ecological fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inorganic elements in described step (1) comprises urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, calcium superphosphate or ground phosphate rock.
4. the preparation method of a kind of ecological fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after the mixing of described inorganic elements and organic substance, carbon-nitrogen ratio is 5～20: 1; Carbon-phosphorus ratio is 8～30: 1, can require according to the difference to the nutrition accumulation degree to select.
5. the preparation method of according to claim 1～4 arbitrary described a kind of ecological fertilizers, it is characterized in that: in described step (2), it is 1～2kg that mixture per ton adds the weight of complex microorganism A.
6. the preparation method of according to claim 1～4 arbitrary described a kind of ecological fertilizers, it is characterized in that: the fermentation time of described step (3) is 7～10 days, turn over material 1～3 time every day, ensures that fermentation is evenly.
7. the preparation method of according to claim 1～4 arbitrary described a kind of ecological fertilizers, is characterized in that: adopt extruder grain or cylinder granulation, water content≤30wt% in described step (6).
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| CN103483087A (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2014-01-01 | 卞佳林 | Composite bio-fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104311346A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-01-28 | 德州创迪微生物资源有限责任公司 | Manufacture method of biological organic controlled-release fertilizer |
| CN104926529A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 福建万亿店中店电子商务有限责任公司 | Swamp cabbage specialized organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN105218227A (en) * | 2015-08-23 | 2016-01-06 | 丁海波 | A kind of biological fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN105948831A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-09-21 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Method for producing biocontrol fertilizer by means of brewer's grain |
| CN110655422A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南省畜牧兽医研究所 | Composting method for promoting rotting and preserving nitrogen and application of organic fertilizer |
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| CN104926529A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-09-23 | 福建万亿店中店电子商务有限责任公司 | Swamp cabbage specialized organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105218227A (en) * | 2015-08-23 | 2016-01-06 | 丁海波 | A kind of biological fertilizer for improving the growth of seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN105948831A (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2016-09-21 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Method for producing biocontrol fertilizer by means of brewer's grain |
| CN105948831B (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2019-08-27 | 齐鲁工业大学 | A method of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion fertilizer is produced using brewex's grains |
| CN110655422A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-01-07 | 湖南省畜牧兽医研究所 | Composting method for promoting rotting and preserving nitrogen and application of organic fertilizer |
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