CN103083011B - Electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by chest impedance second order difference image - Google Patents
Electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by chest impedance second order difference image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by a chest impedance second order difference image. The method comprises that synchronous electrocardio signals and chest impedance signals are collected, the electrocardio signals are pre-processed, electrocardio signals with removed base lines are obtained, a second order difference operation is carried out to the chest impedance signals, the chest impedance second order difference image is obtained, according to locations of sampling points of main peak values in the chest impedance second order difference image, sampling points of corresponding locations of the electrocardio signals are regarded as an original point, a forward direction searching range is delimited, and an R wave crest is searched in the forward direction searching range. Compared with the prior art, the electrocardio R wave crest real-time locating method assisted by the chest impedance second order difference image has the advantages of being rapid, accurate, free of extra stimulus to human bodies and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of location, ecg-r wave peak, be specifically related to a kind of auxiliary method of quick and precisely locating R crest of other physiological signals of utilizing.
Background technology
In electrocardiosignal is measured, although there is the signal to noise ratio of wound method little, its wound is large, so the electrocardiosignal of general Study is all body surface, records.This body surface ecg is the regular conductivity activity of a kind of heart, and on waveform, main manifestations is p ripple, QRS complex wave, T ripple and u ripple etc.Compared to the p ripple of atrial depolarization and the T ripple of ventricular bipolar, the R ripple of reflection ventricular depolarization has the amplitude of more precipitous slope and Geng Gao, becomes basis and the foundation of the location algorithm of each waveform in electrocardiosignal.
Heart rate variability (Heart Rate Variability, HRV) Time-Frequency Analysis is to explore autonomic nervous function system to one of important indicator of cardio-cerebrovascular regulation and control, and various arrhythmia, analysis sleep apnea syndrome etc. are had to important researching value.R crest location is the basis of extracting RR interval and analysis of HRV from long-term ECG record.When larger data volume analysis of HRV, the extraction rate of R crest and degree of accuracy can directly affect reliability and the accuracy that HRV analyzes.
R crest location can be divided into two links: Signal Pretreatment and R crest value detect.Pretreatment is in order to remove the Noise and Interference in signal, mainly contains the methods such as wave filter and calculus of finite differences, Wavelet Transform, Mathematical Morphology, neutral net.R crest value detects and mainly comprises the search of R crest value and two parts of decision-making, because QRS complex wave is sharper, alarms, and the common method of peak value searching mainly contains amplitude method, Slope Method and area-method.
Since the nearly century, R crest location has all been subject to extensive concern always, and localization method emerges in an endless stream.In the face of noninvasive electrocardiosignal noise jamming is large, weak output signal and the strong feature of variability, each method has its good and bad point.Although differential filtering method real-time is good, degree of accuracy has much room for improvement; And wavelet analysis degree of accuracy is high, but real-time can not meet the demand that dynamic Q RS ripple detects; Neural net method amount of calculation is large, at present still can not be for reality; Additive method also has need to continue improved place.Therefore the R ripple location algorithm that, real-time, stability, degree of accuracy are taken into account still requires further study.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
1) gather synchronous electrocardiosignal and thoracic impedance signal, electrocardiosignal is carried out to the electrocardiosignal that pretreatment obtains removing baseline, thoracic impedance signal is carried out to second differnce computing and obtain breast impedance second differnce figure;
2), after step 1), according to the sampling point position of main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, the sampled point of electrocardiosignal correspondence position of take delimited sweep forward scope as initial point, then within the scope of sweep forward, search for R crest.
Described sweep forward scope delimited according to the interval of R crest corresponding to main peak distance in breast impedance second differnce figure.
Under the condition that is 250Hz in sample frequency, sweep forward scope starting point and initial point be spaced apart 20 sampled points, sweep forward scope terminal and initial point be spaced apart 70 sampled points.
Described step 2) concrete grammar comprises the following steps: according to breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure is searched for, within the scope of sweep forward, carry out peak value searching and obtain peak-peak, by peak-peak and the comparison of electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, if peak-peak is greater than electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, judge that this peak-peak is as R crest.
Described breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold are dynamic amplitude threshold value, Th=0.45 * F, Th_R=0.65 * R, Th represents breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, F represents the previous main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, Th_R represents electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, and R represents the peak value of previous R crest.
After searching a R crest, on breast impedance second differnce figure, take current main peak value as starting point, continue the next main peak value of search in a time period backward, the described time period is RR, RR represents the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
Described step 2) concrete grammar is further comprising the steps of: by peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold relatively before, peak-peak is recalled to heavily inspection judgement: if T1≤dF≤T2, by peak-peak and the comparison of electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold; If dF >=T2, reduces electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then date back to the previous R crest detecting and again obtain peak-peak afterwards; If dF≤T1, improve electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then after dating back to the previous R crest detecting, again obtain peak-peak, dF represents the distance between previous main peak value in peak-peak and breast impedance second differnce figure, T1 represents anti-many inspection distance thresholds, and T2 represents anti-undetected distance threshold.
Again after obtaining peak-peak, again recall heavily inspection judgement, if peak-peak still meets dF >=T2 or dF≤T1, peak-peak is judged to be to R crest.
Described T1=0.45 * RR, T2=1.66 * RR, RR represents the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
The elliptical cylinder-shape volume conductor of a uniform dielectric is partly regarded torso model as in breast impedance, reflects the Changing Pattern of chest cardiovascular activity by the variation of this impedance.Breast impedance single order differential map has reflected the pace of change of cardiovascular volume, the i.e. speed of velocity of blood flow; Its second order differential diagram is the important evidence that reflection velocity of blood flow changes speed, and its main peak value appears at the fastest moment of variation of vasodilation speed.Due to after this main peak value distance R crest nearby, and feature is obvious, therefore can be used for auxiliary search R crest.The present invention, after obtaining breast impedance second differnce figure, finds the main peak value of second differnce figure by set dynamic amplitude threshold value on this figure.After meeting set amplitude conditions thereon, according to the position of main peak value, in certain limit, search for R crest forward.
For the loaded down with trivial details problem of breast impedance second order differential diagram acquisition process, the present invention has designed breast impedance second differnce figure signal, in order to replace breast impedance second order differential diagram; Then contrived experiment is analyzed the main peak value of breast impedance second differnce figure and the size of the peak-to-peak change of distance scope of R ripple, and the sweep forward scope of the R crest while determining auxiliary positioning, verifies the stability that this scope distributes; Then the present invention has completed the search work of R crest, the first heavy dynamic amplitude threshold condition is set on breast impedance second differnce figure to find its main peak value, according to this main peak value, searches for R crest forward in certain limit; Finally whether the potential R crest location that searches of judgement can enter many inspections, undetected abnormality processing, otherwise enters the second heavy amplitude threshold conditional judgment set in electrocardiosignal, and after meeting this condition, potential R crest is judged as R crest.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
1) quick, because the present invention searches for R at breast impedance second differnce main peak in for the previous period, hunting zone is little, and amount of calculation is little, and speed is fast.
2) accurate, breast impedance second differnce main peak, between R ripple and T ripple, can suppress high T wave interference; The present invention is provided with a series of subsidiary conditions such as secondary threshold decision in addition, guarantees accurately, to have improved accuracy rate.
3) to human body without extrastimulation, although the present invention has utilized the impedance of subsidiary conditions breast,, breast impedance is also general measure, is widely used, and does not need human body to apply extra measurement electrode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that the present invention utilizes breast impedance second differnce figure auxiliary positioning R crest method;
Fig. 2 is the I R crest locating effect figure that leads; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 3 is the II R crest locating effect figure that leads; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 4 is the III R crest locating effect figure that leads; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 5 is R crest locating effect figure under high T ripple; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
Fig. 6 is the R crest locating effect under light activity; (a) being ECG, is (b) breast impedance second differnce figure;
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The present invention, after having gathered synchronous electrocardiosignal and thoracic impedance signal, utilizes the auxiliary search of breast impedance second differnce figure signal R crest.As shown in Figure 1, concrete operating procedure has 3 steps:
1. electrocardio removes baseline
Adopt medium filtering to remove electrocardio baseline noise, its main thought is that the sequence that length before and after each point in signal is respectively to N1 sorts, and gets intermediate value for this baseline information corresponding to some place.Because medium filtering cannot extract the length baseline of the N1 of data Head Section and tail region, so need to carry out continuation to sequence, the length of continuation is respectively N1 end to end.After continuation, according to the algorithm of medium filtering, data sorting in window is got to intermediate value, complete the baseline extraction of window midpoint.The background signal of raw ECG (electrocardiogram) signal and extraction subtracts each other, and has just obtained and has removed the electrocardiosignal after baseline.
Obtain breast impedance second differnce
Computational methods are as follows:
[formula 1]
f'(i)=I(i)-I(i-120)
[formula 2]
f(i)=f'(i)-f'(i-20)
That is [formula 3]
f(i)=I(i)-I(i-20)-I(i-120)+I(i-140)
Compared to the differential calculation difference between moment point between two, difference algorithm is to choose suitable time step to calculate the diversity of detected value between time step between two, and it is the distortion of breast impedance single order and second-order differential algorithm.In obtaining the process of breast impedance second differnce figure, because the sample frequency of electrocardiosignal and breast impedance is 1000Hz, can be to every 4 conversion of carrying out once this first-order difference of breast impedance, so that the sample rate of breast impedance is reduced to 250Hz.First-order difference in the method is selected is the be separated by difference of 120 points of forward direction, and second differnce is the be separated by difference of 80 points of forward direction.Through three plus and minus calculations, directly from original thoracic impedance signal, obtain breast impedance second differnce figure, do not need thoracic impedance signal to carry out pretreatment denoising operation.
2. peak value detects
1) parameter initialization and self-starting are recalled
Parameter initialization arranges as follows:
Breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold (Th), Th=0.8;
Electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold (Th_R), Th_R=0.05;
R wave number order (numR) successfully detected to obtain, numR=0;
Period parameters between RR (RR), RR=250.
The principle that program self-starting is recalled: peak value detects RestartNum(while starting restarts number of times) being set to 0, is that 0 judgement enters detection start-up routine by numR number.In start-up routine, because the initial value of Th is higher, program is difficult to enter R crest value search link, therefore in initial RR interval length, can't detect R crest.Program constantly enters self-starting to be recalled and heavily examines this RR interval section, and Th reduces gradually.Once Th is reduced under breast impedance second differnce main peak value, has met amplitude threshold Rule of judgment for the first time, because the initial value of Th_R is lower, amplitude threshold condition is very easily satisfied for the second time, R crest detected, undated parameter numR, Th, Th_R.When secondary R wave peak being detected, start to upgrade RR.After 3 R crests detect successfully, program enters into normal R crest value search, and threshold parameter etc. are updated to normal reasonably level automatically, and startup work completes.
2) air defense inspection is recalled
Amplitude threshold is difficult to, by causing the empty inspection of large area, antiaircraft inspection program is set for the first time when preventing that breast impedance second differnce main peak value from suddenly increasing.When after date does not detect R crest yet between 2.55 RR, automatically enter and restart.Too high threshold value Th and Th_R are lowered, and after waiting to restart and R crest being detected, RestartNum returns to 0, and threshold parameter is updated to normal level again.
3) R crest value search
The search of R crest value mainly comprises three links, and peak-peak search, secondary amplitude threshold judge, recall heavily inspection judgement.While a R crest often being detected, according to the electrocardio principle of absolute refractory period, detection segment is skipped 200ms and is not carried out R peak search;
Need in addition to upgrade parameters and each sign of zero clearing
Period parameters between RR (RR), RR=(RR (l-1)+RR (l-2)+RR (l))/3; The startup stage of program, when secondary R wave peak being detected, get a RR interval actual value, when the 3rd R crest being detected, get the average of two RR interval actual values.
Anti-many inspection distance thresholds (T1), T1=0.45*RR;
Anti-undetected distance threshold (T2), T2=1.66*RR;
Breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, Th=0.45*F(F is the main peak value of the breast impedance second differnce figure that detected last time);
Electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, Th_R=0.65*R(R represents the peak value of previous R crest).
(1) peak-peak search
When shirtfront impedance second differnce amplitude meets first amplitude threshold condition, program need to be searched for peak-peak Rmax in the certain limit before current point in electrocardiosignal, i.e. potential R crest.
Through statistics, find that the peak-to-peak interval RF of main peak value distance R ripple of breast impedance second differnce figure is probably distributed in 25-60 left and right, and major part concentrates between 35-55.According to sample frequency, be 250Hz, RF major part is distributed in 140-220ms left and right.Due to what add up, be meansigma methods, in order to prevent that a small amount of RF from exceeding this scope of statistics, the maximum search scope arranging in program is [20 70], compared to the scope of RF, slightly expands.
Peak-peak searching method: the one, initialize Rmax and positional information S_max thereof; The 2nd, sequence, the absolute value of the electrocardiosignal of more current point and the absolute value of Rmax, if be greater than Rmax, distinguish assignment to S_max, Rmax by the transverse and longitudinal coordinate at this some place; Repeat second step, until the data in hunting zone have all been traversed, complete peak value searching.
(2) secondary amplitude threshold judgement
The distance of Rmax and previous breast impedance second differnce peak value is dF, when dF is between T1, T2, carries out the judgement of secondary amplitude threshold, if Rmax is greater than again set electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, Rmax is judged as R crest.Otherwise Rmax is judged as non-R crest.After R crest detects successfully, need each amplitude threshold parameter of real-time update, distance threshold parameters, flags parameters etc., for search work is next time prepared.
(3) recall heavily inspection
Anti-many inspections are recalled: when dF is less than T1, enter anti-many inspection backtracking programs.For preventing that same detection segment from repeatedly entering anti-many inspection backtracking programs, to entering the detection data segment of anti-many inspection backtracking programs, done labelling, UpError assignment is 2.If UpError is not equal to 2, increase rate threshold value Th_R and Th.Because the fluctuation range of breast impedance second differnce amplitude is larger compared to electrocardiosignal, so the amplitude that Th improves is larger than Th_R.If UpError equals 2, this section of double many inspections, judge that the Rmax that this section detects is R crest, upgrade each threshold parameter, sign UpError clear 0.
Anti-undetectedly recall: same, when dF is greater than T2, enter anti-undetected backtracking program.For preventing that same detection segment from repeatedly entering anti-undetected backtracking program, to entering the detection data segment of anti-undetected backtracking program, done labelling, UpError assignment is 1.If UpError is not equal to 1, reduce amplitude threshold Th_R and Th, after dating back to the previous R crest detecting, continue heavily inspection.If UpError equals 1, this section double undetected, judge that the Rmax that this section detects is R crest, upgrade each threshold parameter, sign UpError clear 0.
Referring to Fig. 2-6, represent the actual R crest location detecting No. *.As can be seen from the figure, the main peak of breast impedance second differnce figure is along with the period profile of R crest is periodic distribution and main peak value is more obvious.
The ecg-r wave peak locating effect of different shape is good, the polarity of R crest value does not produce too large puzzlement (Fig. 2, Fig. 3) to positioning result, and lead in locating effect the 3rd, there is larger variation in the amplitude of R crest, but the main peak value of corresponding breast impedance second differnce figure is not but affected, rely on breast impedance second differnce peak value and assisted the search of R crest, method is effective, has certain stability (Fig. 4).High T ripple, T ripple is even taller large than R crest, and slope is sharper alarmming also, but R crest locating effect of the present invention still fine (Fig. 5).When light activity, abnormal sharp the alarmming of high T ripple, and close on very much with R crest, and in whole electrocardiosignal, be all accompanied by slight glitch noise, in addition because slight activity is to cardiovascular system or moving have corresponding enhancing, therefore, breast impedance second differnce amplitude significantly increases under quiescent conditions, especially be greater than the amplitude of 0v, therefore R crest locating effect is not much affected (Fig. 6).
Claims (8)
1. a method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) gather synchronous electrocardiosignal and thoracic impedance signal, electrocardiosignal is carried out to the electrocardiosignal that pretreatment obtains removing baseline, thoracic impedance signal is carried out to second differnce computing and obtain breast impedance second differnce figure;
2) through step 1) after, according to the sampling point position of main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, the sampled point of electrocardiosignal correspondence position of take delimited sweep forward scope as initial point, then within the scope of sweep forward, search for R crest;
Described sweep forward scope delimited according to the interval of R crest corresponding to main peak distance in breast impedance second differnce figure.
2. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: under the condition that is 250Hz in sample frequency, sweep forward scope starting point and initial point be spaced apart 20 sampled points, sweep forward scope terminal and initial point be spaced apart 70 sampled points.
3. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: concrete grammar described step 2) comprises the following steps: according to breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure is searched for, within the scope of sweep forward, carry out peak value searching and obtain peak-peak, by peak-peak and the comparison of electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, if peak-peak is greater than electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, judge that this peak-peak is as R crest.
4. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold are dynamic amplitude threshold value, Th=0.45 * F, Th_R=0.65 * R, Th represents breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, F represents the previous main peak value in breast impedance second differnce figure, and Th_R represents electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold, and R represents the peak value of previous R crest.
5. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: after searching a R crest, on breast impedance second differnce figure, take current main peak value as starting point, continue the next main peak value of search in a time period backward, the described time period is RR, and RR represents the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
6. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: concrete grammar described step 2) is further comprising the steps of: by peak-peak and electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold relatively before, peak-peak is recalled to heavily inspection judgement: if T1≤dF≤T2, by peak-peak and the comparison of electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold; If dF >=T2, reduces electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then date back to the previous R crest detecting and again obtain peak-peak afterwards; If dF≤T1, improve electrocardiosignal amplitude threshold and breast impedance second differnce amplitude threshold, then after dating back to the previous R crest detecting, again obtain peak-peak, dF represents the distance between previous main peak value in peak-peak and breast impedance second differnce figure, T1 represents anti-many inspection distance thresholds, and T2 represents anti-undetected distance threshold.
7. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: after again obtaining peak-peak, again recall heavily inspection judgement, if peak-peak still meets dF >=T2 or dF≤T1, peak-peak is judged to be to R crest.
8. a kind of method of utilizing the auxiliary real-time positioning ecg-r wave of breast impedance second differnce figure peak according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described T1=0.45 * RR, and T2=1.66 * RR, RR represents the meansigma methods of nearest three continuous RR intervals.
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| CN105455798A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2016-04-06 | 东南大学 | Continuous blood pressure measuring system and calibration measurement method based on Android mobile phone terminal |
| CN106540364B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-11-30 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学 | Utilize the method and system of thoracic impedance signal control ventilator |
| CN108720832B (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2021-11-12 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Electrocardiosignal processing method and device |
| US10859691B2 (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-12-08 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Radar range accuracy improvement method |
| CN109770897A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of processing recognition methods of brain electricity spike and device |
| CN112472120B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2023-04-18 | 科大讯飞股份有限公司 | Heart rate statistical method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
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| US6602201B1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-08-05 | Cardiodynamics International Corporation | Apparatus and method for determining cardiac output in a living subject |
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| US5309917A (en) * | 1991-09-12 | 1994-05-10 | Drexel University | System and method of impedance cardiography and heartbeat determination |
| CN1221325A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1999-06-30 | 流图私人有限公司 | Non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters using thoracic biological impedance and cardiography |
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