CN103077305A - Large-scale coal-fired boiler smoke gas flow rate soft measuring method - Google Patents
Large-scale coal-fired boiler smoke gas flow rate soft measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103077305A CN103077305A CN201210583956XA CN201210583956A CN103077305A CN 103077305 A CN103077305 A CN 103077305A CN 201210583956X A CN201210583956X A CN 201210583956XA CN 201210583956 A CN201210583956 A CN 201210583956A CN 103077305 A CN103077305 A CN 103077305A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-scale coal-fired boiler smoke gas flow rate soft measuring method. The method is used for measuring the left side draft fan inlet smoke gas pressure pLi(kPa) of a large-scale coal-fired boiler, the left side draft fan outlet smoke gas pressure pLo (kPa) of the large-scale coal-fired boiler, the local atmospheric pressure pact (kPa), the left side draft fan inlet smoke gas temperature tL (DEG C), the right side draft fin inlet smoke gas pressure pRi (kPa), the right side draft fan outlet smoke gas pressure pRo (kPa) and the right side draft fan inlet smoke gas temperature tR (DEG C) in real time, and in addition, the draft fan outlet smoke gas flow rate qg is calculated according to the flow rate-pressure characteristics of the draft fan. Compared with the traditional coal-fired boiler smoke gas flow rate measuring method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the reliability is high, the measurement accuracy is good, the dynamic response speed is high, the implementation cost is low, the maintenance is simple, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for measuring the large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow, belong to the boiler technology field.
Background technology
Fuel generates flue gas and release heat with airborne oxygen generation chemical reaction in boiler, the Measurement accuracy flue gas flow helps combustion process and relevant device thereof are implemented more efficiently monitoring and control, optimize the dynamically accurate proportioning in wind, the full combustion process of coal, improve the burning efficiency of boiler.
In order effectively to control the discharge capacity of atmosphere pollution, the fuel-burning power plant large-sized boiler has generally been installed sweetener at present, and denitration device is progressively installed in beginning additional in addition.In desulfurization and denitrification process, except needing SO in the real-time Measurement accuracy flue gas
2, NO
XConcentration outside, also need to measure flue gas flow, with the input amount of control desulfurizing agent and denitrfying agent, it is low-cost to descend in the prerequisite that guarantees the desulphurization and denitration effect, prevents from causing secondary pollution.After the most general wet desulphurization equipment of application was installed in the boiler induced-draft fan outlet, flue gas flow referred to induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow; Use the most general SCR(SCR technology) denitration device is installed in the boiler economizer exit, and flue gas flow refers to the economizer exit flue gas flow.There is certain difference in two place's flue gas flows, mainly cause owing to boiler air preheater leaks out.
At present, the measurement of flue gas flow is faced with many difficulties.At first, large-sized boiler smoke flow channels cross section is rectangle and very thick, is furnished with the equipment such as various heating surfaces in the flue, is difficult to find the position and the front and back straight length that are fit to the installation flow measurement device not to meet the demands; Secondly, carry a large amount of fly ash granules in the flue gas, can cause serious wearing and tearing to the routine measurement device during flow at high speed, flying dust also can be deposited in the pressure pipeline of measurement mechanism and result in blockage simultaneously, and measurement mechanism is difficult to guarantee serviceable life; Again, also include SO in the flue gas
2, NO
XDeng gas, after temperature is reduced to a certain degree these gases can with flue gas in water vapour generation chemical reaction generate corrosive liquids, corrosion measuring device also coheres flue dust, causes the measurement mechanism accuracy to reduce or damages, and particularly has the easier generation of this phenomenon when leaking out in the flue; At last, because the flue gas flow measurement mechanism is non-standard restriction device, its coefficient of flow needs on-site proving, it is very abominable to demarcate environment, and the installation and removal of standard measuring equipment is all relatively more difficult, causes demarcating costly, and can only carry out cold conditions and demarcate, calibration accuracy is difficult to guarantee.Therefore, be necessary to explore a kind of new flue gas flow measuring method, reliability and the accuracy of measuring to improve flue gas flow, and reduce and measure cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the drawback for prior art, a kind of reliability height, accuracy is good, implementation cost is low large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method measured is provided.
Problem of the present invention realizes with following technical proposals:
A kind of large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method, described method are measured large coal-fired boiler left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures in real time
p Lo(kPa), left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure
p Li(kPa), local atmospheric pressure p
Act(kPa), left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature
t L(℃), right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures
p Ro(kPa), right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure
p Ri(kPa), right side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature
t R(℃), and utilize following formula to calculate induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow
q g(Nm
3/ s):
Wherein,
K gBe coefficient of flow, obtain by demarcating;
M LBe standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s);
M RBe standardization right side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s).
Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind the air preheater on the left of above-mentioned large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method, described method are measured in real time
O Lo(%), Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas before the air preheater of left side
O Li(%), Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind the air preheater of right side
O Ro(%), Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas before the air preheater of right side
O Ri(%), and utilize following formula to calculate the economizer exit flue gas flow
q m(Nm
3/ s):
Above-mentioned large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method, the scaling method of described coefficient of flow is:
Under the boiler rated load, keep boiler coal feeding amount, air output, furnace pressure to stablize, Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas, the left and right sides air preheater before record boiler left and right sides induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures, left and right sides induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure, left and right sides induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature, local atmospheric pressure, boiler air-supply volume, the left and right sides air preheater
Coefficient of flow
K gAdopt following formula to calculate:
Wherein:
q G0Be induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M L0Be standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M R0Be flue gas flow variable (Nm in standardization right side under the declared working condition
3/ s);
p Lo0Be left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Li0Be left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t L0For left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature under the declared working condition (℃);
p Ro0Be right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Ri0Be right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t R0For induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature in right side under the declared working condition (℃);
q M0Be economizer exit flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
O Li0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ri0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Lo0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ro0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
q S0Be boiler economizer exit amount of theoretical flue gas (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
q A0Be boiler air-supply volume (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s), get primary air flow, secondary air flow sum; η
A0Be boiler furnace under the rated loan condition and pulverized coal preparation system air leak rate of air curtain (%), data or boiler design value during desirable boiler thermal output experiment; Q
ArBe coal as received basis net calorific value (MJ/kg); M
ArFor coal is received basic moisture content (%).
The present invention utilizes induced draft fan outlet and inlet flue gas pressure, flue-gas temperature to calculate induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow according to the flow-pressure characteristic of induced draft fan; After utilizing on this basis air preheater front and back oxygen amount to increase the air-heater leakage correction, calculate the economizer exit flue gas flow; Its coefficient of flow is by the computational analysis on-line proving of air output and chemistry of fuel composition.
Compare with traditional fire coal boiler fume flow-measuring method, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) reliability is high.Flexible measurement method has avoided installing apparatus for measuring air quantity in rugged environment, measuring process is not subjected to the impact of entrained flying dust in the flue gas, is not subjected to the impact of corrosive gas in the flue gas, has very high reliability.
(2) accuracy of measurement is good, rapid dynamic response speed.Through after demarcation, in boiler full load scope, the relative error of soft measurement flue gas flow can be controlled in ± 2% in, this accuracy for flue gas flow is measured is enough.In addition, induced draft fan entrance, top hole pressure are very sensitive to the response that flue gas flow changes, and measure rapid dynamic response speed.
(3) implementation cost is low, maintenance is simple.Soft measurement does not need to increase extra measurement mechanism, and extra flow calibrating device need to not installed and dismantle to calibration process yet in flue, saving equipment and human resources, and implementation cost is cheap.Simultaneously, computation process realizes in unit DCS, safeguards very convenient.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is that flue gas flow calculates configuration logic.
Used symbol inventory is among the figure or in the literary composition: ADD is the additional calculation module; SUB is the subtraction module; MUL is the multiplication computing module; DIV is the division calculation module; SQU is the extraction of square root computing module;
q gBe induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow (Nm
3/ s);
K gBe coefficient of flow (dimensionless);
M LBe standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s);
M RBe standardization right side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s);
q mBe economizer exit flue gas flow (Nm
3/ s);
O LiBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the air preheater of left side;
O LoBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the air preheater of left side;
O RiBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the air preheater of right side;
O RoBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the air preheater of right side;
p LoBe left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa);
p LiBe left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa); p
ActBe local atmospheric pressure (kPa);
t LFor left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature (℃);
p RoBe right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa);
p RiBe right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa);
t RFor right side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature (℃);
q G0Be induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M L0Be standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M R0Be flue gas flow variable (Nm in standardization right side under the declared working condition
3/ s);
p Lo0Be left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t L0For left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature under the declared working condition (℃);
p Li0Be left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Ro0Be right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Ri0Be right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t R0For induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature in right side under the declared working condition (℃);
q M0Be economizer exit flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
O Li0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ri0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Lo0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ro0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
q S0Be boiler economizer exit amount of theoretical flue gas (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
q A0Be boiler air-supply volume (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s), get primary air flow, secondary air flow sum; η
A0Be boiler furnace under the rated loan condition and pulverized coal preparation system air leak rate of air curtain (%), data or boiler design value during desirable boiler thermal output experiment; Q
ArBe coal as received basis net calorific value (MJ/kg); M
ArFor coal is received basic moisture content (%).
Embodiment
The present invention carries out according to the following steps:
(1) flue gas flow calculates
Induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow computing formula is:
Wherein:
q gBe induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow (Nm
3/ s);
K gBe coefficient of flow (dimensionless);
M LBe standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s);
M RBe standardization right side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s).
Economizer exit flue gas flow computing formula is:
Wherein:
q mBe economizer exit flue gas flow (Nm
3/ s);
O LiBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the air preheater of left side;
O LoBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the air preheater of left side;
O RiBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the air preheater of right side;
O RoBe Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the air preheater of right side.
(2) standardization flue gas flow variable calculates
Standardization left side flue gas flow variable computing formula is:
Wherein:
p LoBe left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa);
p LiBe left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa); p
ActBe local atmospheric pressure (kPa);
t LFor left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature (℃).
Standardization right side flue gas flow variable computing formula is:
（4）
Wherein:
p RoBe right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa);
p RiBe right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa);
t RFor right side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature (℃).
(3) coefficient of flow is demarcated
Obtain coefficient of flow by calibration experiment.Before the calibration experiment boiler fired coal is carried out technical analysis, determine coal as received basis net calorific value, moisture content, ash.Keep ature of coal stable, under the boiler rated load, carry out calibration experiment.Keep boiler coal feeding amount, air output, furnace pressure to stablize during experiment, Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas, the left and right sides air preheater before record boiler left and right sides induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure, left and right sides induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures, left and right sides induced draft fan exit gas temperature, local atmospheric pressure, boiler air-supply volume, the left and right sides air preheater.
Coefficient of flow adopts following formula to calculate:
Wherein:
q G0Be induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M L0Be standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M R0Be flue gas flow variable (Nm in standardization right side under the declared working condition
3/ s).
Standardization left side flue gas flow variable computing formula is under the declared working condition:
Wherein:
p Lo0Be left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Li0Be left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t L0For left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature under the declared working condition (℃).
Standardization right side flue gas flow variable computing formula is under the declared working condition:
Wherein:
p Ro0Be right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Ri0Be right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t R0For induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature in right side under the declared working condition (℃).
Boiler induced-draft fan outlet flue gas flow adopts following formula to calculate under the declared working condition:
Wherein:
q M0Be economizer exit flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
O Li0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ri0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Lo0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ro0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the right side air preheater under the declared working condition.
Boiler economizer exit flue gas flow adopts following formula to calculate under the declared working condition:
Wherein:
q S0Be boiler economizer exit amount of theoretical flue gas (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
q A0Be boiler air-supply volume (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s), get primary air flow, secondary air flow sum; η
A0Be boiler furnace under the rated loan condition and pulverized coal preparation system air leak rate of air curtain (%), data or boiler design value during desirable boiler thermal output experiment.
The boiler amount of theoretical flue gas adopts following formula to calculate under the declared working condition:
Wherein: Q
ArBe coal as received basis net calorific value (MJ/kg); M
ArFor coal is received basic moisture content (%).
Implementation step of the present invention
(1) Preparatory work of experiment
Implement the soft measurement of flue gas flow and need to confirm that the following signal of boiler is normal: Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas, the left and right sides air preheater before left and right sides induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures, left and right sides induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure, left and right sides induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature, the left and right sides air preheater.Because the on-the-spot zirconia O↓2 analyzer error of using is larger, needing to adopt oxygen content before the experiment is that 5% calibrating gas is demarcated it.
Before the experiment boiler is entered the stove ature of coal and carry out technical analysis, obtain coal as received basis net calorific value, moisture content, grey piece of data.Measure local atmospheric pressure.
Confirm burner hearth and the pulverized coal preparation system air leak rate of air curtain of measuring and calculating when thermal performance is tested, perhaps search the design load of burner hearth and pulverized coal preparation system air leak rate of air curtain.
(2) calibration experiment
Guaranteeing under the stable condition of ature of coal boiler coal feeding amount, primary air flow, secondary air flow to be dropped into manually control, primary air pressure, secondary wind pressure drop into automatically control, and furnace pressure control drops into automatically, stops to blow ash.Keep boiler coal feeding amount, primary air flow, secondary air flow to stablize, begin experiment.The experimental session furnace pressure changes less than ± 50Pa; Air preheater front left right side Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas mean variation is less than ± 0.2%.Behind these parameter stabilities, record following data: Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas, the left and right sides air preheater before left and right sides induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures, left and right sides induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure, left and right sides induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature, the left and right sides air preheater.
(3) coefficient of flow calculates
According to the calibration experiment record data, utilize formula 5-formula 10 to calculate the flue gas flow coefficient.
(4) on-the-spot configuration
In unit scattered control system (DCS), realize formula 1～formula 4 in the mode of configuration, as shown in Figure 1.In the accompanying drawing 1, the meaning of each configuration symbol: ADD is the additional calculation module; SUB is the subtraction module; MUL is the multiplication computing module; DIV is the division calculation module; SQU is the extraction of square root computing module.The coefficient of flow that calibration experiment is obtained
K gSet, soft measurement logic can put into operation.
Claims (3)
1. a large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method is characterized in that, described method is measured large coal-fired boiler left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures in real time
p Lo(kPa), left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure
p Li(kPa), local atmospheric pressure p
Act(kPa), left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature
t L(℃), right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures
p Ro(kPa), right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure
p Ri(kPa), right side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature
t R(℃), and utilize following formula to calculate induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow
q g(Nm
3/ s):
Wherein,
K gBe coefficient of flow, obtain by demarcating;
M LBe standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s);
M RBe standardization right side flue gas flow variable (Nm
3/ s).
2. a kind of large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method is measured the front Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas of left side air preheater in real time
O Li(%), Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind the air preheater of left side
O Lo(%), Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas before the air preheater of right side
O Ri(%), Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind the air preheater of right side
O Ro(%), and utilize following formula to calculate the economizer exit flue gas flow
q m(Nm
3/ s):
。
3. a kind of large coal-fired boiler flue gas flow flexible measurement method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the scaling method of described coefficient of flow is:
Under the boiler rated load, keep boiler coal feeding amount, air output, furnace pressure to stablize, Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas behind Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas, the left and right sides air preheater before record boiler left and right sides induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure, left and right sides induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures, left and right sides induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature, local atmospheric pressure, boiler air-supply volume, the left and right sides air preheater
Coefficient of flow
K gAdopt following formula to calculate:
，
，
，
Wherein:
q G0Be induced draft fan outlet flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M L0Be standardization left side flue gas flow variable (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
M R0Be flue gas flow variable (Nm in standardization right side under the declared working condition
3/ s);
p Lo0Be left side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Li0Be left side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t L0For left side induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature under the declared working condition (℃);
p Ro0Be right side induced draft fan outlet flue gas pressures (kPa) under the declared working condition;
p Ri0Be right side induced draft fan inlet flue gas pressure (kPa) under the declared working condition;
t R0For induced draft fan entrance flue gas temperature in right side under the declared working condition (℃);
q M0Be economizer exit flue gas flow (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
O Li0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ri0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) before the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Lo0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the left side air preheater under the declared working condition;
O Ro0Be Oxygen Amount in Flue Gas (%) behind the right side air preheater under the declared working condition;
q S0Be boiler economizer exit amount of theoretical flue gas (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s);
q A0Be boiler air-supply volume (Nm under the declared working condition
3/ s), get primary air flow, secondary air flow sum; η
A0Be boiler furnace under the rated loan condition and pulverized coal preparation system air leak rate of air curtain (%), data or boiler design value during desirable boiler thermal output experiment; Q
ArBe coal as received basis net calorific value (MJ/kg); M
ArFor coal is received basic moisture content (%).
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