CN103076107A - Terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing device and method - Google Patents
Terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103076107A CN103076107A CN2013100191841A CN201310019184A CN103076107A CN 103076107 A CN103076107 A CN 103076107A CN 2013100191841 A CN2013100191841 A CN 2013100191841A CN 201310019184 A CN201310019184 A CN 201310019184A CN 103076107 A CN103076107 A CN 103076107A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing device and a terahertz pulse measurement-based burning temperature sensing method. Laser is emitted from a femtosecond laser device, and is divided into reference laser and detection laser through a beam splitter, the detection laser is focused on a photoconduction antenna type terahertz emitter, terahertz pulses emitted by the terahertz emitter are focused on a ZnTe crystal through an off-axis paraboloid lens group; and the reference layer is collimated and is coincident with terahertz waves focused on the ZnTe crystal after passing through a semi-transmission and self-reflection mirror, parallel grating groups and a polarizing film, the terahertz waves are modulated by using Pockels effect of the ZnTe crystal, and image signals corresponding to collected first reference layer carrying terahertz pulse strength information and second reference laser not carrying the terahertz pulse strength information are input into a computer by a CCD (Charge Coupling Device) detector for subsequence processing. According to the invention, the precision and speed of the non-contact combustion measurement method are increased, and the non-contact measurement of combustion object temperature and temperature distribution is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to burning detection technique field, relate in particular to a kind of temperature of combustion sensing device and method of measuring based on terahertz pulse.
Background technology
Combustion phenomena is present in numerous industries such as petrochemical complex, space flight, metallurgy and electric power widely.Chemical energy constantly is converted to heat energy and electric energy in the combustion reaction process, constantly conducts heat simultaneously, mass transfer and chemical reaction process.Can produce simultaneously releases heat of the gaseous products such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxynitrides, sulphuric dioxide and water vapor in the combustion process.For guaranteeing the sustainable development of China's economic, China in Recent Years government and scientific and technological circle pay attention to research and the application that energy efficiency improves more.Yet because combustion process is very complicated, therefore need especially to use novel burning detection technique among the analysis of burning and research, thereby promote efficient, the combustion model of environmental protection and the foundation of pollution formation model.Temperature is crucial parameter in the testing process of burning, and the real-time Measurement accuracy of temperature of combustion and Temperature Distribution all has important effect for all many-sides such as safety in production, raising burning efficiency, reduction pollutants.
The temperature of combustion sensing measuring method can be divided into two classes substantially on principle: contact measurement method and contactless measurement.Wherein, the cardinal principle of contact type measurement is to utilize the heat-sensitive elements such as thermopair, thermal resistance that the variation of voltage or resistance can occur when temperature variation, thereby obtains the value of temperature.The patent No. is the measurement that CN102607731A's " thermocouple temperature sensor of fast response time " thermopair that will be enclosed with protection tube and Metal Packaging layer is used for temperature.The patent No. is that CN102483360A's " fibre optic temperature sensor " light quantity of accepting after by the light reflection that changes the covered light quantity of light that transmitted by optical fiber or transmission is come the sensing detection temperature.The characteristics of contact type measurement be with low cost, measure reliably, be present one of measuring method of widespread use the most.But the metering system of contact can produce disturbance to measurand, and it is measured response and often can't follow the tracks of fast-changing temperature, and sensitive element is easy to be subject to the pollution of high temperature or corrosive gas medium and reduces reliability.In addition, utilize the contact type measurement of single thermopair or thermal resistance to measure single-point, can't understand the truth of whole burning object inside.Another important directions that non-contacting measuring method is combustion temperature measurement, contactless measuring technique method has comprised optical method, the method for acoustic method etc. a new generations, they mainly utilize light wave or acoustic signals that the response of different temperatures is realized measuring.The patent No. be CN1388340A's " measuring method and the system thereof of boiler combustion radiation energy and temperature field and control combustion " utilize CCD to gather burning image, measure the temperature of burning by the mode that image is processed.The patent No. be CN1587930A's " three dimension temperature field realtion monitor in coal burning boiler " accept radiation information from all directions in the burner hearth by the method that a plurality of cameras are set in burner hearth, adopt special noniterative algorithm to calculate the distribution of burner hearth internal combustion temperature.The advantage of contactless measurement is fast response time, measures can not produce burning object and disturbs.Along with science and technology and the progress of yield-power, study quick, highly sensitive temperature of combustion method for sensing and can help people to deepen research to combustion mechanism, can help again people that the pollutant that produces in the combustion process is carried out analysis and control.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of temperature of combustion sensing device and method of measuring based on terahertz pulse proposed, improve precision and the measuring speed of existing noncontact combustion measurement method, realize the temperature of burning object and the non-cpntact measurement of Temperature Distribution.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is as follows:
The present invention includes femto-second laser, beam splitter, the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, the 3rd plane mirror, condenser lens, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, off axis paraboloidal mirror group, the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, parallel grating group, plane mirror, the first polaroid, the second polaroid, ito glass, ZnTe crystal, ccd detector, computing machine, function generator, high frequency power amplifier, one dimensional optical translation stage.
Laser is launched from femto-second laser, after the beam splitter light splitting, be divided into reference laser and exploring laser light two-way, wherein exploring laser light is successively by the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, focused on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter by condenser lens after the reflection of the 3rd plane mirror, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter is launched terahertz pulse under the voltage drive effect of exploring laser light and high frequency power amplifier, become parallel THz wave behind the collimation of terahertz pulse through the off axis paraboloidal mirror of off axis paraboloidal mirror group one side, and pass the combustion zone, the off axis paraboloidal mirror of opposite side converges to parallel THz wave on the ZnTe crystal, the reference laser that beam splitter is told incides on the pair of parallel grating group after through the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through the parallel grating group is reflected back the parallel grating group by plane mirror, thereby frequency chirp and the time explanation of reference laser have been realized, reference laser behind the time explanation passes through the first polaroid by the reflection of the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through the first polaroid is reflexed on the ZnTe crystal by ito glass, overlap with the THz wave collimation that converges on the ZnTe crystal, utilize Pockels (Pockels) effect of ZnTe crystal to realize the Terahertz wave modulation, after the first reference laser that polarization state is modulated by THz wave passes the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, again through the second polaroid, carry the first reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information and surveyed acceptance by Siping City's face mirror reflects to ccd detector, simultaneously because the birefringence effect of ZnTe crystal, do not carry the second reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information through the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, the 6th plane mirror, also incide ccd detector after the 5th plane mirror reflection and be detected reception, the first reference laser that carries the terahertz pulse strength information that ccd detector will collect and the corresponding picture signal of the second reference laser of not carrying the terahertz pulse strength information are inputted computing machine and are carried out subsequent treatment.Function generator produces the fundamental frequency sine wave signal and is input to high frequency power amplifier, high frequency power amplifier drives photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter cycle generation terahertz pulse, and the sampling period of the frequency multiplication square-wave signal control ccd detector of simultaneously function generator generation frequency multiplication is the twice of terahertz pulse transmission frequency.
Described parallel grating group is one group of grating of parallel placement, and input path is returned in the reference laser pulse-echo of plane mirror after with parallel grating group chirp spread.
Described ito glass makes the reference laser pulse that reflexes on the ZnTe crystal and the terahertz pulse concurrent that converges on the ZnTe crystal coaxial.
The first plane mirror, the second plane mirror have been placed on the described one dimensional optical translation stage, terahertz pulse is positioned in the duration of synchronizing detection pulse by the optical delay method, by the adjustment of one dimensional optical translation stage, the image space of terahertz pulse is adjusted to the middle section of ccd detector simultaneously.
Described function generator produces the voltage signal of two kinds of different frequencies, is respectively fundamental frequency sine wave pulse signal and frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal.The fundamental frequency sine wave signal is input to high frequency power amplifier, through being loaded into the periodic voltage excitation that forms photoconductive antenna on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter after amplifying, when inciding on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, exploring laser light produces the photo-generated carrier of moment, photo-generated carrier gives off terahertz pulse under positive half cycle sinusoidal voltage excitation, photo-generated carrier goes out terahertz pulse with non-radiating under the excitation of negative half period sinusoidal voltage.The frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal is input to ccd detector as the sample-synchronous signal of ccd detector, because frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal and fundamental frequency sine wave signal frequency differ one times, therefore a frame is the image that terahertz pulse exists in the two frame ccd images of adjacent collection, one frame is the image that does not have terahertz pulse to exist, method by CCD times of frequency sampling has realized the dynamic correction of measuring, and has improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of systematic survey.
Temperature of combustion method for sensing based on terahertz pulse is measured comprises the steps:
The gray level image of step (1) .CCD output ranging pulse
f 1(
x) and the gray level image of reference pulse
f 2(
x).
Step (2). with the gray level image of ranging pulse
f 1(
x) and the gray level image of reference pulse
f 2(
x) subtract each other and obtain the terahertz pulse signal magnitude
f(
x)=
f 1(
x)-
f 2(
x).
Step (3). judge whether burning is that uniform temperature distributes,
If then use the uniform temperature formula model 3-1. temperature of combustion is even distribution, the uniform temperature formula model is described suc as formula (1).
（1）
Wherein,
,
The variation size of air refraction,
It is the time delay of terahertz pulse.
P-atmospheric pressure;
XThe volumetric molar concentration of-gas molecule;
L-terahertz pulse is by the distance of combustion zone.
Then according to air refraction change calculations temperature of combustion, the relation of temperature variation and variations in refractive index is described by formula (2).
Wherein,
βBe the scale-up factor of variations in refractive index and temperature variation, can obtain the changing value of temperature by the variation size of refractive index, thus the temperature that obtains burning.
If 3-2. judge that burning is not that uniform temperature distributes, and then uses Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) method that the terahertz pulse signal is converted into spectral signal;
Step (4). the frequency spectrum after using Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to the FFT conversion is done match, and the Fu Yite linear function that fitting function adopts is described by formula (3).
Wherein,
,
Wherein:
γ D -Gauss linear function spectral width;
γ C -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Obtain simultaneously Fu Yite linear function spectral width
:
Wherein,
It is the collision live width of spectral line;
Step (5). use the absorption line method of discrimination to determine absorption line suitable in the measure spectrum scope, the absorption spectrum of the absorption spectrum when flame combustion is arranged when not having flame combustion calculates the absorption coefficient of the different absorption line of m bar
a 1,
a 2,
a m , described by formula (4).
Wherein,
P m -absorption line strengths when flame combustion is arranged;
Q m Absorption line strengths during-non-flaming combustion;
Step (6). the Temperature Distribution of establishing burning is T
1, T
2... T
n, with the absorption coefficient of spectral line
a m With the temperature matrix A substitution absorption line system of equations Ax=a of line strength, described by formula (5), if the solution of formula (5) exists and be unique, then can calculate the ratio x of the combustion zone of different temperatures.
（5）
Wherein,
Can obtain by the line parameters of searching in the international standard spectra database.
If the absorption coefficient composition of vector of the different spectral lines of known m bar
, and the known temperature matrix A, m〉n, then can utilize least square method can estimate the distribution of temperature T
The idiographic flow that the absorption line of the demarcation of the temperature coefficient in the described step (3) and step (5) is differentiated is as follows:
(a) regulating the one dimensional optical translation stage makes terahertz pulse be imaged on the CCD central area; The light splitting ratio of regulating simultaneously beam splitter equates the first reference laser among the CCD and the intensity of the second reference laser, is implemented in the measurement of finishing terahertz pulse in CCD sampling process.
(b) place long path cell in the combustion zone, realize calibration process.When long path cell is heated to temperature T
nThe time gather time delay of terahertz pulse, demarcate when all and utilize partial least square method match temperature T after temperature are all finished
nThe linear equation that postpones with terahertz pulse obtains the temperature coefficient of temperature survey model.
(c) selection of spectral line comprises the determining of selection, spectral line spectral range of gas molecule, the calculating of spectral line temperature control in the temperature of combustion method for sensing of measuring based on terahertz pulse, in measuring process, select first the larger gas molecule of a kind of absorption coefficient to do temperature survey, then determine the spectral frequency range of molecular spectrum according to the spectral range of terahertz pulse; According to the line parameters in the international spectroscopic data library lookup spectral frequency range, in the temperature measurement range interval, calculate the temperature control of all spectral lines
, select
Maximum m bar spectral line S
1, S
2... S
mSpectral line as Temperature Distribution calculating.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
The first, the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse uses the parallel grating group to realize frequency chirp and time explanation, thereby has realized the wavelength-division electro-optic sampling of terahertz pulse.By changing sine wave and rect.p. wave frequency and the phase place of signal generator, the clock period of the terahertz pulse that photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter gives off and CCD sampling is synchronous, thereby realize that the sampling process of a CCD just can obtain the measurement of a terahertz pulse, realize obtaining fast the effect of burning object tera-hertz spectra.Because the frequency of the sampling of CCD can be very fast, therefore the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse can carry out data acquisition to burning object with higher sampling rate, is particularly suitable for the faster real-time measurement of object of this class dynamic change of flame combustion and the needs of analysis.Therefore the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse can in the conflagration change procedure, adopt non-contacting mode to measure the tera-hertz spectra data of burning object under the condition of not disturbing combustible substance to distribute.
The second, because terahertz emission is a kind of electromagenetic wave radiation of low temperature, so a large amount of background infrared radiation noises that produce in the combustion process do not produce interference substantially to the measurement of terahertz pulse, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is high especially when therefore using terahertz pulse to measure.The temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse can realize based on the thermometry of infrared radiation measurement higher signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and precision being arranged than tradition.
The 3rd, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter can be launched wavelength coverage in the THz wave of 0.1～7THz, because the frequency spectrum of the THz wave of launching has covered a large amount of combustion product gas, therefore can be implemented in the one-shot measurement process and finish H
2O, CO, CO
2, NO, NO
2, NH
3And SO
2Monitoring Deng gas.Simultaneously because terahertz emission is high by 10 for the remolding sensitivity traditional infrared radiation of burning gases
3More than, the temperature of combustion method for sensing of therefore measuring based on terahertz pulse has very high sensitivity.
The 4th, the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse can be arranged on flexibly according to the actual conditions of burning object the both sides of combustion zone.Owing to only need a photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter as spectral radiation source, the temperature of combustion sensing device structure of therefore measuring based on terahertz pulse is very simple compact.The terahertz pulse data processing method that adopts can realize the data under the complicated burning condition are processed and analyzed by uniform temperature distributed model and non-homogeneous temperature distribution model.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter and CCD sample circuit sequential chart;
Fig. 3 is temperature of combustion method for sensing process flow diagram;
Fig. 4 is spectral line method of discrimination process flow diagram;
Fig. 5 is that temperature coefficient is demarcated process flow diagram;
Among the figure, femto-second laser 1, beam splitter 2, the first plane mirror 3-1, the second plane mirror 3-2, the 3rd plane mirror 3-3, condenser lens 4, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5, off axis paraboloidal mirror group 6, the first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, parallel grating group 8, plane mirror 9, the first polaroid 10-1, the second polaroid 10-2, ito glass 11, ZnTe crystal 12, ccd detector 13, computing machine 14, function generator 15, high frequency power amplifier 16, one dimensional optical translation stage 17.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, temperature of combustion sensing device based on terahertz pulse is measured comprises femto-second laser 1, beam splitter 2, the first plane mirror 3-1, the second plane mirror 3-2, the 3rd plane mirror 3-3, condenser lens 4, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5, off axis paraboloidal mirror group 6, the first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, parallel grating group 8, plane mirror 9, the first polaroid 10-1, the second polaroid 10-2, ito glass 11, ZnTe crystal 12, ccd detector 13, computing machine 14, function generator 15, high frequency power amplifier 16, one dimensional optical translation stage 17.
Laser is from femto-second laser 1 emission, after beam splitter 2 light splitting, be divided into reference laser and exploring laser light two-way, wherein exploring laser light is successively by the first plane mirror 3-1, the second plane mirror 3-2, focused on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 by condenser lens 4 after the 3rd plane mirror 3-3 reflection, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 is launched terahertz pulse under the voltage drive effect of exploring laser light and high frequency power amplifier 16, become parallel THz wave behind the collimation of terahertz pulse through the off axis paraboloidal mirror of off axis paraboloidal mirror group 6 one sides, and pass the combustion zone, the off axis paraboloidal mirror of opposite side converges to parallel THz wave on the ZnTe crystal 12, the reference laser that beam splitter 2 is told incides on the pair of parallel grating group 8 after through the first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1, reference laser through parallel grating group 8 is reflected back parallel grating group 8 by plane mirror 9, thereby frequency chirp and the time explanation of reference laser have been realized, reference laser behind the time explanation passes through the first polaroid 10-1 by the first semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-1 reflection, reference laser through the first polaroid 10-1 is reflexed on the ZnTe crystal 12 by ito glass 11, overlap with the THz wave collimation that converges on the ZnTe crystal 12, utilize Pockels (Pockels) effect of ZnTe crystal 12 to realize the Terahertz wave modulation, after the first reference laser that polarization state is modulated by THz wave passes the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, again through the second polaroid 10-2, the first reference laser that carries the terahertz pulse strength information is reflexed to ccd detector 13 by the face catoptron 3-4 of Siping City and surveys acceptance, simultaneously because the birefringence effect of ZnTe crystal 12, do not carry the second reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information through the second semi-transparent reflection mirror 7-2, the 6th plane mirror 3-6, also incide ccd detector 13 after the 5th plane mirror 3-5 reflection and be detected reception, the first reference laser that carries the terahertz pulse strength information that ccd detector 13 will collect and the corresponding picture signal of the second reference laser of not carrying the terahertz pulse strength information are inputted computing machine 14 and are carried out subsequent treatment.Function generator 15 produces the fundamental frequency sine wave signal and is input to high frequency power amplifier 16, high frequency power amplifier 16 drives photoconductive antenna type 5 cycles of terahertz transmitter generation terahertz pulse, and the sampling period of the frequency multiplication square-wave signal control ccd detector 13 of function generator 15 generation frequencys multiplication is twices of terahertz pulse transmission frequency simultaneously.
Described parallel grating group 8 is one group of grating of parallel placement, and input path is returned in the reference laser pulse-echo of plane mirror 9 after with parallel grating group 8 chirp spreads.
Described ito glass 11 makes the reference laser pulse that reflexes on the ZnTe crystal 12 and the terahertz pulse concurrent that converges on the ZnTe crystal 12 coaxial.
The first plane mirror 3-1, the second plane mirror 3-2 have been placed on the described one dimensional optical translation stage 17, terahertz pulse is positioned in the duration of synchronizing detection pulse by the optical delay method, by the adjustment of one dimensional optical translation stage 17, the image space of terahertz pulse is adjusted to the middle section of ccd detector 13 simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 2, function generator 15 produces the voltage signal of two kinds of different frequencies, is respectively fundamental frequency sine wave pulse signal and frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal.The fundamental frequency sine wave signal is input to high frequency power amplifier 16, through being loaded into the periodic voltage excitation that forms photoconductive antenna on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5 after amplifying, when inciding on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter 5, exploring laser light produces the photo-generated carrier of moment, photo-generated carrier gives off terahertz pulse under positive half cycle sinusoidal voltage excitation, photo-generated carrier goes out terahertz pulse with non-radiating under the excitation of negative half period sinusoidal voltage.The frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal is input to ccd detector 13 as the sample-synchronous signal of ccd detector 13, because frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal and fundamental frequency sine wave signal frequency differ one times, therefore a frame is the image that terahertz pulse exists in the two frame ccd images of adjacent collection, one frame is the image that does not have terahertz pulse to exist, method by CCD times of frequency sampling has realized the dynamic correction of measuring, and has improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of systematic survey.
As shown in Figure 3, the temperature of combustion method for sensing based on terahertz pulse is measured comprises the steps, specifically comprises FFT conversion, spectral line linear fitting, choice of spectrum and spectral line temperature equation solution.The gray level image of ccd detector 13 output ranging pulses
f 1(
x) and the gray level image of reference pulse
f 2(
x) (step 310), with the gray level image of ranging pulse
f 1(
x) and the gray level image of reference pulse
f 2(
x) subtract each other and obtain the terahertz pulse signal magnitude
f(
x)=
f 1(
x)-
f 2(
x) (step 320), judge whether burning is that uniform temperature distributes (step 330), if temperature of combustion is even distribution then uses uniform temperature formula model (step 390) that the uniform temperature formula model is described by formula (1).
Wherein,
,
The variation size of air refraction,
It is the time delay of the terahertz pulse that measures.
P-atmospheric pressure;
XThe volumetric molar concentration of-gas molecule;
L-terahertz pulse is by the distance of combustion zone.
Then according to air refraction change calculations temperature of combustion (step 391), the relation of temperature variation and variations in refractive index is described by formula (2).
Formula (2)
Wherein,
Be the size of temperature variation,
βBe the scale-up factor of variations in refractive index and temperature variation, the large I of variation by refractive index obtains the changing value of temperature, thus the temperature that obtains burning.
If judging burning is not that uniform temperature distributes (step 330), then need to use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT) method that the terahertz pulse signal is converted into spectrum signal (step 340); Then the frequency spectrum after using Fu Yite (Voigt) linear function to the FFT conversion is done match (step 350), and the Fu Yite linear function that fitting function adopts is described by formula (3).
Wherein,
,
Wherein:
γ D --Gauss's linear function spectral width;
γ C -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Simultaneously can obtain Fu Yite linear function spectral width
:
Wherein,
It is the collision live width of spectral line;
It is the doppler linewidth of spectral line;
Use the absorption line method of discrimination to determine absorption line (step 360) suitable in the measure spectrum scope, the absorption spectrum of the absorption spectrum when flame combustion is arranged when not having flame combustion calculates the absorption coefficient of the different absorption line of m bar
a 1,
a 2,
a m (step 370) described by formula (4).
Wherein,
P m --the absorption line strengths when flame combustion is arranged
Q m Absorption line strengths during-non-flaming combustion
If the Temperature Distribution of burning is T
1, T
2... T
n, with the absorption coefficient of spectral line
a m Temperature matrix A substitution absorption line system of equations Ax=a(step 380 with line strength), described by formula (5), if the solution of formula (5) exists and be unique, then can calculate the ratio x of the combustion zone of different temperatures.
Wherein,
Can obtain by the line parameters of searching in the international standard spectra database.
If the absorption coefficient composition of vector of the different spectral lines of known m bar
, and the known temperature matrix A, m〉n, utilize least square method can estimate the distribution of temperature
(step 381).
As shown in Figure 4, the selection based on spectral line in the temperature of combustion method for sensing of terahertz pulse measurement comprises the steps.Specifically comprise the determining of selection, spectral line spectral range of gas molecule, the calculating of spectral line temperature control.In measuring process, to select first the larger gas molecule of a kind of absorption coefficient to do temperature survey (step 410); Determine the spectral frequency range (step 420) of molecular spectrum according to the spectral range of terahertz pulse; According to the line parameters (step 430) in the international spectroscopic data library lookup spectral frequency range; Determine combustion temperature measurement scope (step 440) according to burning object; In the temperature measurement range interval, calculate the temperature control of all spectral lines
(step 450); Select
Maximum m bar spectral line S
1, S
2... S
mSpectral line (step 460) as Temperature Distribution calculating.
As shown in Figure 5, the calibration process of the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse comprises the steps, need to regulate the one dimensional optical translation stage and makes terahertz pulse be imaged on CCD central area (step 510) for the measurement of terahertz pulse has larger measurement range; In order to finish the measurement of terahertz pulse in ccd detector 13 sampling processes, the light splitting ratio of regulating beam splitter makes the first reference laser in the ccd detector 13 and the intensity of the second reference laser equate (step 520); Place long path cell in the combustion zone in the calibration process, by external heating arrangement the gas-heated in the long path cell is arrived simultaneously the temperature (step 530) of appointment; When long path cell is heated to temperature T
nThe time gather time delay (step 540) of terahertz pulse; The end temp collection enters data if the demarcation temperature reaches the maximum heating temperature range of heating arrangement processes, improve the heating-up temperature of long path cell if the demarcation temperature does not reach the maximum heating temperature of heating arrangement, and circulation execution in step 540 gathers the time delay (step 550) of terahertz pulses.After all finishing, all demarcation temperature utilize partial least square method match temperature T
nThe linear equation that postpones with terahertz pulse obtains the temperature coefficient (step 560) of temperature survey model.
Claims (2)
1. the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse, comprise femto-second laser, beam splitter, the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, the 3rd plane mirror, condenser lens, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, off axis paraboloidal mirror group, the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, parallel grating group, plane mirror, the first polaroid, the second polaroid, ito glass, ZnTe crystal, ccd detector, computing machine, function generator, high frequency power amplifier, one dimensional optical translation stage, it is characterized in that:
Laser is launched from femto-second laser, after the beam splitter light splitting, be divided into reference laser and exploring laser light two-way, wherein exploring laser light is successively by the first plane mirror, the second plane mirror, focused on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter by condenser lens after the reflection of the 3rd plane mirror, photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter is launched terahertz pulse under the voltage drive effect of exploring laser light and high frequency power amplifier, become parallel THz wave behind the collimation of terahertz pulse through the off axis paraboloidal mirror of off axis paraboloidal mirror group one side, and pass the combustion zone, the off axis paraboloidal mirror of opposite side converges to parallel THz wave on the ZnTe crystal, the reference laser that beam splitter is told incides on the pair of parallel grating group after through the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through the parallel grating group is reflected back the parallel grating group by plane mirror, realize frequency chirp and the time explanation of reference laser, reference laser behind the time explanation passes through the first polaroid by the reflection of the first semi-transparent reflection mirror, reference laser through the first polaroid is reflexed on the ZnTe crystal by ito glass, overlap with the THz wave collimation that converges on the ZnTe crystal, utilize the Pockels effect of ZnTe crystal to realize the Terahertz wave modulation, after the first reference laser that polarization state is modulated by THz wave passes the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, again through the second polaroid, carry the first reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information and surveyed acceptance by Siping City's face mirror reflects to ccd detector, simultaneously because the birefringence effect of ZnTe crystal, do not carry the second reference laser of terahertz pulse strength information through the second semi-transparent reflection mirror, the 6th plane mirror, also incide ccd detector after the 5th plane mirror reflection and be detected reception, the first reference laser that carries the terahertz pulse strength information that ccd detector will collect and the corresponding picture signal of the second reference laser of not carrying the terahertz pulse strength information are inputted computing machine and are carried out subsequent treatment; Function generator produces the fundamental frequency sine wave signal and is input to high frequency power amplifier, high frequency power amplifier drives photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter cycle generation terahertz pulse, and the sampling period of the frequency multiplication square-wave signal control ccd detector of simultaneously function generator generation frequency multiplication is the twice of terahertz pulse transmission frequency;
Described parallel grating group is one group of grating of parallel placement, and input path is returned in the reference laser pulse-echo of plane mirror after with parallel grating group chirp spread;
Described ito glass makes the reference laser pulse that reflexes on the ZnTe crystal and the terahertz pulse concurrent that converges on the ZnTe crystal coaxial;
The first plane mirror, the second plane mirror have been placed on the described one dimensional optical translation stage, terahertz pulse is positioned in the duration of synchronizing detection pulse by the optical delay method, by the adjustment of one dimensional optical translation stage, the image space of terahertz pulse is adjusted to the middle section of ccd detector simultaneously;
Described function generator produces the voltage signal of two kinds of different frequencies, is respectively fundamental frequency sine wave pulse signal and frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal; The fundamental frequency sine wave signal is input to high frequency power amplifier, through being loaded into the periodic voltage excitation that forms photoconductive antenna on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter after amplifying, when inciding on the photoconductive antenna type terahertz transmitter, exploring laser light produces the photo-generated carrier of moment, photo-generated carrier gives off terahertz pulse under positive half cycle sinusoidal voltage excitation, photo-generated carrier goes out terahertz pulse with non-radiating under the excitation of negative half period sinusoidal voltage; The frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal is input to ccd detector as the sample-synchronous signal of ccd detector, because frequency multiplication rectangular wave pulse signal and fundamental frequency sine wave signal frequency differ one times, therefore a frame is the image that terahertz pulse exists in the two frame ccd images of adjacent collection, one frame is the image that does not have terahertz pulse to exist, and realizes the dynamic correction of measurement by the method for CCD times of frequency sampling.
2. the method for the temperature of combustion sensing device of measuring based on terahertz pulse as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the steps:
The gray level image of step (1) .CCD output ranging pulse
f 1(
x) and the gray level image of reference pulse
f 2(
x);
Step (2). with the gray level image of ranging pulse
f 1(
x) and the gray level image of reference pulse
f 2(
x) subtract each other and obtain the terahertz pulse signal magnitude
f(
x)=
f 1(
x)-
f 2(
x);
Step (3). judge whether burning is that uniform temperature distributes;
If then use the uniform temperature formula model 3-1. temperature of combustion is even distribution, the uniform temperature formula model is described suc as formula (1);
Wherein,
,
The variation size of air refraction,
It is the time delay of terahertz pulse;
P-atmospheric pressure;
XThe volumetric molar concentration of-gas molecule;
L-terahertz pulse is by the distance of combustion zone;
Then, according to air refraction change calculations temperature of combustion, the relation of temperature variation and variations in refractive index is described by formula (2);
（2）
Wherein,
βIt is the scale-up factor of variations in refractive index and temperature variation;
If 3-2. judge that burning is not that uniform temperature distributes, and then uses the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method that the terahertz pulse signal is converted into spectral signal;
Step (4). the frequency spectrum after using the Fu Yite linear function to the FFT conversion is done match, and the Fu Yite linear function that fitting function adopts is described by formula (3);
Wherein,
,
Wherein:
γ D -Gauss linear function spectral width;
γ C -Lorentz linear function spectral width;
Obtain simultaneously Fu Yite linear function spectral width
:
Wherein,
It is the collision live width of spectral line;
Step (5). use the absorption line method of discrimination to determine absorption line suitable in the measure spectrum scope, the absorption spectrum of the absorption spectrum when flame combustion is arranged when not having flame combustion calculates the absorption coefficient of the different absorption line of m bar
a 1,
a 2,
a m , described by formula (4);
Wherein,
P m -absorption line strengths when flame combustion is arranged;
Q m Absorption line strengths during-non-flaming combustion;
Step (6). the Temperature Distribution of establishing burning is T
1, T
2... T
n, with the absorption coefficient of spectral line
a m With the temperature matrix A substitution absorption line system of equations Ax=a of line strength, described by formula (5), if the solution of formula (5) exists and be unique, then can calculate the ratio x of the combustion zone of different temperatures;
Wherein,
Can obtain by the line parameters of searching in the international standard spectra database;
If the absorption coefficient composition of vector of the different spectral lines of known m bar
, and the known temperature matrix A, m〉n, then can utilize least square method can estimate the distribution of temperature T
The idiographic flow that the absorption line of the demarcation of the temperature coefficient in the described step (3) and step (5) is differentiated is as follows:
Regulating the one dimensional optical translation stage makes terahertz pulse be imaged on the CCD central area; The light splitting ratio of regulating simultaneously beam splitter equates the first reference laser among the CCD and the intensity of the second reference laser, is implemented in the measurement of finishing terahertz pulse in CCD sampling process;
Place long path cell in the combustion zone, realize calibration process; When long path cell is heated to temperature T
nThe time gather time delay of terahertz pulse, demarcate when all and utilize partial least square method match temperature T after temperature are all finished
nThe linear equation that postpones with terahertz pulse obtains the temperature coefficient of temperature survey model;
The selection of spectral line comprises the determining of selection, spectral line spectral range of gas molecule, the calculating of spectral line temperature control in the temperature of combustion method for sensing of measuring based on terahertz pulse, in measuring process, select first the larger gas molecule of a kind of absorption coefficient to do temperature survey, then determine the spectral frequency range of molecular spectrum according to the spectral range of terahertz pulse; According to the line parameters in the international spectroscopic data library lookup spectral frequency range, in the temperature measurement range interval, calculate the temperature control of all spectral lines
, select
Maximum m bar spectral line S
1, S
2... S
mSpectral line as Temperature Distribution calculating.
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Application publication date: 20130501 Assignee: Hangzhou Yixing new energy automobile service Co., Ltd Assignor: HANGZHOU DIANZI University Contract record no.: X2020330000092 Denomination of invention: Combustion temperature sensing device and method based on terahertz pulse measurement Granted publication date: 20141224 License type: Common License Record date: 20201106 |