CN103076085B - A kind of method that broadband visible light and near-infrared radiation are measured simultaneously - Google Patents
A kind of method that broadband visible light and near-infrared radiation are measured simultaneously Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that broadband visible light and near-infrared radiation are measured simultaneously, utilize periodical poled crystal as nonlinear dielectric, nondegenerate relative photon (visible ray and short infrared wave band) is produced by collinear phase matching, utilize the thermal tuning technology of nonlinear crystal simultaneously, produce the relative photon pair of wide spectrum, utilizing Si single-photon detector and InGaAs single-photon detector to achieve absolute measurement while visible ray and near infrared band light radiation, uncertainty of measurement is better than 1%(k=2).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadband visible light and the method for near-infrared radiation measurement, can particularly to a kind of broadband
See light and the method for near-infrared radiation absolute measurement simultaneously.
Background technology
The absolute measurement of light radiation has weight in fields such as quantification remote sensing, climate monitoring, photoelectric metering, spectral radiance meterings
Big meaning, is also the basis of all quantification such as photoelectric detector, photoelectric measurement instrument application.At present for the survey of the signal of telecommunication
Amount has reached the highest precision, and it is the most accurate to be far from reaching electronics for the certainty of measurement of photon.The absolute measuring of light radiation
Amount and transmission have two approach, and one is to utilize black matrix as calibrated radiation source, and two is to utilize low temperature radiometer to detect as standard
Device.The absolute radiation degree of black matrix can determine according to Planck's law of radiation and international temperature scale.Low temperature radiometer is profit
Electrical heating substitution method is utilized to realize the measurement of absolute light radiation under liquid helium temperature with photo-thermal effect.
Both need to set up certain relays link, be delivered to user side step by step from high-precision primary criteria.Working as
Under the calibrating system of front light radiation, measure and the essence of transmittance process is exactly and the comparison of upper level standard.Along with measuring and passing
Passing the increase of link, its uncertainty of measurement also can add up step by step and increase.From the point of view of external achievement in research, short-wave infrared (1
~ 2.5) μm primary light spectral radiation measurement precision reaches 0.2%, and the certainty of measurement of End-Customer application end is difficult to be better than 5%(and sees U.S.
State NASA M. King and R. Greenstone delivers for 1999, EOS Reference Handbook, EOS
Project Science Office).
Although the highest benchmark of current internationally recognized optical radiation measurement is low temperature radiometer, but owing to there is transmission chain link
Joint increases and ultimate measurement accuracy is difficult to the shortcoming that improves.It is necessary that research can reappear in a physical process or phenomenon
Light radiation absolute method of measurement, carries out the optical radiation measurement calibration of " transmitting without standard ".
Single-photon detector quantum efficiency calibration steps based on relative photon is the light radiation realizing " transmitting without standard "
Absolute measurement provides good means.P.G.Kwait in 1994 etc. utilize the argon ion laser pumping KDP of 351.1nm brilliant
Body, produces degeneracy (wavelength is 702nm) and two pairs of relative photons pair of nondegenerate (633nm and 788nm).Two-way detector is equal
Use photon counting module (SPCM), the uncertainty introduced during systematically analyzing measurement, obtain uncertainty of measurement low
See " Appl.Opt. " in 3%(, 1994,33:1844-1851, Absolute efficiency and time-
Response measurements of single-photon detectors).2000, A.Czitrovszky etc. introduced
A kind of novel utilize detector self calibration quantum efficiency new method (see Metrologia, 2000,37:
617-620. Measurement of quantum efficiency using correlated photon pairs and
A single-detector technique).
The optical radiation measurement method of based on relative photon of development in recent years, but technique study is limited to visible at present
Certain wavelength points of optical band, and use continuous light source, parametric down conversion efficiency is the lowest, and certainty of measurement is difficult to improve, it is difficult to
Meet the requirement of current optical radiation measurement.
Therefore, prior art existing defects, need to improve.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of relative photon pair utilizing switch technology under Spontaneous Parametric to produce broad tuning, can for calibration
See the absolute method of measurement of light and near-infrared radiation.Specifically utilize the period polarized nonlinear crystal of laser pumped by pulsed laser, by joining
The lower transformation process of amount produces relevant two-photon, by the relative photon pair of the wide spectrum of thermal tuning output, calibration visible ray, the reddest
The quantum efficiency of outer single-photon detector, thus realize visible ray, infrared radiation absolute measurement.Particularly relate to a kind of without standard
The visible ray of transmission and near-infrared radiation absolute method of measurement.
Technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of method that broadband visible light and near-infrared radiation are measured simultaneously, wherein, comprises the following steps:
A: near-infrared high power pulsed laser produces the laser of visible light wave range through nonlinear crystal, frequency multiplication;
B: the laser of described visible light wave range is divided into two-way, a road provides synchronizing signal, and another road produces " visible ray
Short-wave infrared " nondegenerate signal, idle relative photon pair;
C: realize flashlight, idle light and be coupled to detector efficiently, by prism pumping laser, flashlight, idle light
From spatially separating, and sponge pump light;
D: flashlight, idle light connect with InGaAs-APD single-photon detector, Si-APD single-photon detector respectively
Receive, the signal of telecommunication that described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and described Si-APD single-photon detector export is input simultaneously to
Dual pathways enumerator, measures the number of photons of two passages respectively;
E: the signal of telecommunication one tunnel that InGaAs-APD single-photon detector exports is directly entered time-to-amplitude converter, Si-
The APD single-photon detector output signal of telecommunication separately leads up to amplitude converter input time after precision time delay module;
The signal of telecommunication that F: time-to-amplitude converter arrives two-way different time is converted into range signal, then is respectively fed to lead to
Channel analyzer sum counter, measures pulse and the counting obtaining synchronously arriving at;
G: described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and the counting of described Si-APD single-photon detector and synchronously arrive at
The ratio of step-by-step counting be respectively described Si-APD single-photon detector and the amount of described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector
Sub-efficiency.
Described method, wherein, in described step A, pulse optical fiber the near-infrared high power pulse produced swashs
Light or produced the laser of visible light wave range by the single-frequency laser of narrow linewidth through period polarized nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication.
Described method, wherein, in described step B, opto-electronic conversion of leading up to produce electric impulse signal through chronotron,
Thering is provided synchronizing signal for single-photon detector, described synchronizing signal utilizes the veiling glare near light path to obtain through opto-electronic conversion;
Another road laser pump (ing) nonlinear crystal, produces " visible ray short-wave infrared " nondegenerate signal, free time by parametric down conversion
Relative photon pair.
Described method, wherein, the conversion efficiency of the parameter conversion process of described parametric down conversion reaches 10-4。
Described method, wherein, in described step C, fiber coupler is placed on precise electric control displacement platform, to realize signal
Light, idle light are coupled to InGaAs-APD single-photon detector efficiently;By prism pumping laser, flashlight, idle light from
Spatially separate, utilize light collector to sponge pump light.
Described method, wherein, described fiber coupler and described prism utilize continuously adjustable light source Accurate Calibration to exist
The transmitance of each wavelength points.
Described method, wherein, in described step F, described channel analyser, for selecting the light pulse synchronously arrived at, obtains
Obtain two-way coherent signal meets speed.
Described method, wherein, in described step F, described enumerator is dual pathways enumerator, measures described respectively
InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and the counting of described Si-APD single-photon detector, it is thus achieved that relative photo sub-stream rate.
Described method, wherein, described in meet the ratio of speed and described photon stream speed be single-photon detector to be measured
Quantum efficiency;Wherein the counting of Si-APD and the ratio of synchronous counting are the quantum efficiencies of InGaAs-APD; InGaAs-APD
The ratio of counting and synchronous counting be the quantum efficiency of Si-APD.
Described method, wherein, the counting of described quantum efficiency and described photon detector realizes the absolute measuring of light radiation
Amount.
Using such scheme, the present invention not only solves the problem that prior art exists, and substantially has the advantage that
1 need not Transfer Standards, directly carries out absolute measurement at visible ray and two wave bands of near-infrared, is adjusted by temperature
Humorous, produce the relative photon pair of wide spectrum, it is achieved the calibration in relatively wide spectral range in visible ray and near-infrared.
2 existing collimation techniques based on relative photon only measure in certain wavelength points of visible light wave range, employing
Continuous laser, the efficiency of parametric down conversion is low, and signal to noise ratio is difficult to improve;
3 use pulse laser as the pumping of parametric down conversion, possess higher conversion efficiency, are conducive to improving and measure essence
Degree;
4 use periodical poled crystal as the nonlinear crystal of generation relative photon pair, and under Spontaneous Parametric, the efficiency of conversion is relatively
Acyclic polarized crystal about improves two magnitudes;
Nondegenerate is exported by the relative photon of 5 designs, spatially can be easily separated;
The 6 period polarized nonlinear crystals using thermal tuning, produce the visible ray near-infrared relevant source of continuous tuning
Realize the broadband absolute calibration of visible ray near infrared radiation;
7 use prismatic decomposition mode, measure signal to noise ratio and improve three orders of magnitude;
8, with single photon and the synchronization of laser pulse, decrease the unexpected generation meeting probability event.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is optical path schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of coincidence measurement schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, patent of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment one
It is an object of the invention to provide one utilizes relative photon to carry out light radiation at visible ray and near infrared band simultaneously
The method of absolute measurement.Utilize PPLN(periodically poled lithium niobate crystal) as nonlinear dielectric, produced by collinear phase matching
Raw nondegenerate relative photon (visible ray and short infrared wave band), utilizes the thermal tuning technology of nonlinear crystal simultaneously, produces
The relative photon pair of wide spectrum, utilizes Si single-photon detector and InGaAs single-photon detector to achieve visible ray and near-infrared
Absolute measurement while band of light radiation, uncertainty of measurement is better than 1%(k=2).
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following measures:
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, broadband visible ray and near-infrared radiation absolute method of measurement simultaneously, including following step
Rapid: the near-infrared high power pulsed laser 1. produced by pulse optical fiber, through nonlinear crystal, frequency multiplication produces visible light wave
The laser of section;2. the laser of this visible light wave range is divided into two-way through beam splitting chip, the electric pulse letter that opto-electronic conversion of leading up to produces
Number through chronotron, provide synchronizing signal for single-photon detector;Another road laser pump (ing) nonlinear crystal, passes through parametric down conversion
Produce " visible ray short-wave infrared " nondegenerate signal, idle relative photon pair;Utilize the thermal tuning of nonlinear crystal simultaneously
Technology, produces the relative photon pair of wide spectrum;3. fiber coupler is placed on precise electric control displacement platform, to realize flashlight, sky
Not busy light is coupled to InGaAs-APD single-photon detector efficiently;By prism pumping laser, flashlight, idle light from spatially
Separately, light collector is utilized to sponge pump light;4. flashlight (short-wave infrared), idle light (visible light wave range) are used respectively
InGaAs-APD single-photon detector, Si-APD single-photon detector are received, by the electricity of two kinds of single-photon detector outputs
Signal is input simultaneously to dual pathways enumerator, measures the number of photons of two passages respectively;5. InGaAs-APD single-photon detecting
Another road of the signal of telecommunication surveying device output is directly entered time-to-amplitude converter, another road of Si-APD single-photon detector output signal
By amplitude converter input time after precision time delay module;6. the telecommunications that time-to-amplitude converter arrives two-way different time
Number it is converted into range signal, then is respectively fed to channel analyser sum counter, measure the step-by-step counting obtaining synchronously arriving at, passage
The effect of analyzer is the light pulse selecting to synchronously arrive at;7. the counting of two kinds of single-photon detectors and the pulsimeter that synchronously arrives at
The ratio of number just show respectively the quantum efficiency of both single-photon detectors.
The pumping pulse laser of the present invention is to produce narrow-linewidth single frequency laser by high power narrow linewidth ps optical fiber laser
Pumping source as parameter transform.
Described parametric down conversion process is to be realized through period polarized nonlinear crystal by the single-frequency laser of narrow linewidth, produces
Bearing " visible infrared band " nondegenerate relative photon pair, parametric process selects collinear phase matching.Parametric down conversion crystal
By the relative photon pair of the wide spectrum of thermal tuning output, the conversion efficiency of parameter conversion process reaches 10-4。
The present invention uses prismatic decomposition mode, it is ensured that the signal to noise ratio that flashlight, idle light are measured is better than 104。
The present invention utilizes the continuously adjustable light source Accurate Calibration optics such as prism, photo-coupler, optical filter respectively
The transmitance of individual wavelength points.
The present invention has calibrated the visible ray single-photon detector Si-APD quantum efficiency at 700nm ~ 900nm, near-infrared list
Photon detector InGaAs-APD is in the quantum efficiency of 900nm ~ 1700nm, and the uncertainty of evaluation is 0.5%(k=2).
Embodiment two
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, tunable broadband visible ray, near-infrared radiation simultaneously absolute method of measurement, citing and
Speech, is to be 1030nm by wavelength, and power is the high power ps optical fiber laser of 10W, through KTP(KTP) crystal double frequency
The narrow-linewidth single frequency 515nm laser produced.Opto-electronic conversion and time delay, as the pumping source of parametric down conversion, are separately leaded up in one tunnel
Device is as the synchronizing signal of single-photon detector.
Parametric down conversion process is to be realized through PPLN nonlinear crystal by 515nm laser, produces " 771nm 1550nm "
Nondegenerate relative photon pair, parametric process selects collinear phase matching.By changing the temperature of PPLN crystal, exportable 780nm
Relative photon pair with 1515nm.
Relative photon is to respectively by Si-APD single-photon detector with in the reception of InGaAs-APD single-photon detector, treating
The signal of telecommunication of the single-photon detector output surveyed is directly connected to time-to-amplitude converter, another road single-photon detector output
Signal, as triggering signal, is input to time-to-amplitude converter after time delay module again, divides furthermore with dual pathways enumerator
Ce Liang the counting of two-way single-photon detector, it is thus achieved that relative photo sub-stream rate.Time-to-amplitude converter is two-way different time
The signal of telecommunication of interior arrival changes into range signal, is transported to channel analyser and selects the photon pulse synchronously arrived at, it is thus achieved that two
Road coherent signal meet speed.The ratio meeting speed and triggering signal photon velocity is exactly the amount of single-photon detector to be measured
Sub-efficiency.By the quantum efficiency of single-photon detector and photon count value and then the absolute measurement realizing light radiation.
Embodiment three
A kind of method that broadband visible light and near-infrared radiation are measured simultaneously, wherein, comprises the following steps:
A: near-infrared high power pulsed laser produces the laser of visible light wave range through nonlinear crystal, frequency multiplication;
B: the laser of described visible light wave range is divided into two-way, a road provides synchronizing signal, and another road produces " visible ray
Short-wave infrared " nondegenerate signal, idle relative photon pair;
C: realize flashlight, idle light and be coupled to detector efficiently, by prism pumping laser, flashlight, idle light
From spatially separating, and sponge pump light;
D: flashlight, idle light connect with InGaAs-APD single-photon detector, Si-APD single-photon detector respectively
Receive, the signal of telecommunication that described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and described Si-APD single-photon detector export is input simultaneously to
Dual pathways enumerator, measures the number of photons of two passages respectively;
E: the signal of telecommunication one tunnel that InGaAs-APD single-photon detector exports is directly entered time-to-amplitude converter, Si-
The APD single-photon detector output signal of telecommunication separately leads up to amplitude converter input time after precision time delay module;
The signal of telecommunication that F: time-to-amplitude converter arrives two-way different time is converted into range signal, then is respectively fed to lead to
Channel analyzer sum counter, measures pulse and the counting obtaining synchronously arriving at;
G: described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and the counting of described Si-APD single-photon detector and synchronously arrive at
The ratio of step-by-step counting be respectively described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and the amount of described Si-APD single-photon detector
Sub-efficiency.
Preferably, in described step A, pulse optical fiber the near-infrared high power pulsed laser that produces or by narrow line
Wide single-frequency laser produces the laser of visible light wave range through period polarized nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication.
Preferably, in described step B, the electric impulse signal that opto-electronic conversion of leading up to produces is through chronotron, for single photon
Detector provides synchronizing signal, and this synchronizing signal can also utilize the veiling glare near light path to obtain through opto-electronic conversion;Another
Road laser pump (ing) nonlinear crystal, was correlated with by parametric down conversion generation " visible ray short-wave infrared " nondegenerate signal, free time
Photon pair.
Preferably, the conversion efficiency of the parameter conversion process of described parametric down conversion reaches 10-4。
Preferably, in described step C, fiber coupler is placed on precise electric control displacement platform, to realize flashlight, idle light
It is coupled to InGaAs-APD single-photon detector efficiently;By prism pumping laser, flashlight, idle light from spatially dividing
Open, utilize light collector to sponge pump light.
Preferably, described fiber coupler and described prism utilize continuously adjustable light source Accurate Calibration in each wavelength points
Transmitance.
Preferably, in described step F, described channel analyser is for selecting the light pulse synchronously arrived at, it is thus achieved that two-way phase
OFF signal meet speed.
Preferably, in described step F, described enumerator is dual pathways enumerator, measures described InGaAs-APD respectively mono-
Photon detector and the counting of described Si-APD single-photon detector, it is thus achieved that relative photo sub-stream rate.
Preferably, the quantum that ratio the is single-photon detector to be measured effect of speed and described photon stream speed is met described in
Rate;Wherein the counting of Si-APD and the ratio of synchronous counting are the quantum efficiencies of InGaAs-APD;The counting of InGaAs-APD with
The ratio of synchronous counting is the quantum efficiency of Si-APD.
Preferably, the counting of described quantum efficiency and described photon detector realizes the absolute measurement of light radiation.
It should be appreciated that for those of ordinary skills, can be improved according to the above description or be converted,
And all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of patent claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method that broadband visible light and near-infrared radiation are measured simultaneously, utilizes the thermal tuning technology of nonlinear crystal
Produce the relative photon pair of wide spectrum, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
A: near-infrared high power pulsed laser produces the laser of visible light wave range through nonlinear crystal, frequency multiplication;
B: the laser of described visible light wave range is divided into two-way, a road provides synchronizing signal, and another road laser is as pumping optical pumping
Pu nonlinear crystal, produces " visible ray short-wave infrared " non-degenerate idle light and flashlight relative photo by parametric down conversion
Son is right;
C: realize flashlight and idle light is coupled to detector efficiently, by prism pump light, flashlight and idle light from sky
Separate between, and sponge pump light;
D: flashlight, idle light are received with InGaAs-APD single-photon detector, Si-APD single-photon detector respectively, will
The signal of telecommunication of described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and the output of described Si-APD single-photon detector is input simultaneously to bilateral
Road enumerator, measures the photon counting of two passages respectively;
E: the signal of telecommunication one tunnel that InGaAs-APD single-photon detector exports is directly entered time-to-amplitude converter, and Si-APD is mono-
The photon detector output signal of telecommunication separately leads up to amplitude converter input time after precision time delay module;
The signal of telecommunication that F: time-to-amplitude converter arrives two-way different time is converted into range signal, then is respectively fed to passage and divides
Parser sum counter, measures the step-by-step counting obtaining synchronously arriving at;
G: the photon counting of described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and described Si-APD single-photon detector and synchronously arriving at
The ratio of step-by-step counting be respectively described Si-APD single-photon detector and the amount of described InGaAs-APD single-photon detector
Sub-efficiency.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that in described step A, by pulse optical fiber produce the reddest
Outer high power pulsed laser or produced visible light wave range through period polarized nonlinear crystal frequency multiplication by the single-frequency laser of narrow linewidth
Laser.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that in described step B, the electric arteries and veins that opto-electronic conversion of leading up to produces
Rush signal through chronotron, provide synchronizing signal for single-photon detector.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that the conversion efficiency of the parameter conversion process of described parametric down conversion
Reach 10-4。
5. method as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that in described step C, fiber coupler is placed in precise electric control displacement
On platform, it is coupled to detector efficiently realizing flashlight and idle light;Light collector is utilized to sponge pump light.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that described fiber coupler and described prism utilize continuously adjustable
Light source Accurate Calibration is in the transmitance of each wavelength points.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that in described step F, described channel analyser is used for selecting to synchronize
Arrive light pulse, it is thus achieved that two-way coherent signal meet speed.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that in described step D, measure institute respectively by dual pathways enumerator
State InGaAs-APD single-photon detector and the photon counting of described Si-APD single-photon detector, it is thus achieved that relative photon flow velocity
Rate.
9. method as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described in meet the speed ratio with described photon stream speed for treating
Survey InGaAs-APD single-photon detector or the quantum efficiency of Si-APD single-photon detector;Wherein Si-APD single-photon detector
The ratio of photon counting and the step-by-step counting synchronously arrived at be the quantum efficiency of InGaAs-APD single-photon detector;
The photon counting of InGaAs-APD single-photon detector is Si-APD single photon detection with the ratio of the step-by-step counting synchronously arrived at
The quantum efficiency of device.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that by described quantum efficiency and described InGaAs-APD single photon
The photon counting of detector or Si-APD single-photon detector realizes the absolute measurement of light radiation.
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CN114544007B (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2024-06-14 | 中国电子科技集团公司第四十一研究所 | Device and method for measuring quantum efficiency of mid-infrared detector based on related photons |
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