CN103066888A - Photovoltaic module with self compensating function - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module with self compensating function Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic module with a self compensating function. The photovoltaic module with the self compensating function comprises a plurality of photovoltaic chipsets, wherein a power compensation circuit is connected in a bridging mode between two ends of the plurality of photovoltaic chipsets after the photovoltaic chipsets are connected in series, and the power compensation circuit is connected with a control circuit. According to the photovoltaic module with the self compensating function, energy is extracted from master output of the photovoltaic module and is supplied to the photovoltaic chipsets which are affected by shadows, and then the working point of the photovoltaic chipsets is changed and electric energy output is restored, and therefore whole output power of the photovoltaic module is improved. Due to the fact that a photovoltaic battery is in a power generating state and energy is not consumed, the energy extracted can still be provided with load, and utilization of the energy extracted is not affected.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the photovoltaic power generation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of photovoltaic module with self-compensating function.
Background technology
Photovoltaic power generation technology take the cleaning solar energy as the energy, obtained mondial extensive concern.All join in one after another the research of field of photovoltaic power generation from the scholar in the fields such as material, building, electric power system, power electronics, control, promoting its development and application.At present, photovoltaic generation has become the second largest generation mode that installed capacity is only second to wind generator system, has broad application prospects.It should be noted that because generator unit (the being generally a photovoltaic module) volume of photovoltaic power generation technology is little pollute littlely, noiseless is optimal distributed power generation mode.Adopt the distributed photovoltaic power generation system of single photovoltaic module can place easily the roof or embed wall, correspond to each household other, work in from net or the pattern that is incorporated into the power networks, for more people provides clean energy resource.This mode is the important directions that photovoltaic generation is used and promoted.
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of photovoltaic module in the existing distributed photovoltaic power generation system.A photovoltaic module is formed by many photovoltaic cell chips series and parallels, these photovoltaic cell chips monomers form three photovoltaic chipsets through series/parallel first, the photovoltaic chipset forms photovoltaic module by series connection again, each photovoltaic chipset bypass diode in parallel.Fig. 2 is the equivalent electric circuit of photovoltaic cell, as everyone knows, the physical characteristic of photovoltaic cell is determined by semi-conducting material, its basic functional principle is photovoltaic effect, namely when the light of certain energy shone photovoltaic cell, electron transition occured in the semi-conducting material absorbed energy, charge carrier distribution and the concentration of its within conduction current change, and produce thus electromotive force and electric current.According to photovoltaic cell physical characteristic and equivalent electric circuit thereof, can set up the Mathematical Modeling of photovoltaic cell, be shown below:
Fig. 3 is the photovoltaic battery module output characteristic curve, I
SCBe the short circuit current of photovoltaic cell, U
OCBe the open circuit voltage of photovoltaic cell, P
MP, U
MPAnd I
MPBe respectively power, the voltage and current of maximum power of photovoltaic cell point.The output characteristic of photovoltaic cell is determined by environmental factors such as the physical characteristic of material and illumination, temperature, humidity.After characteristic curve was determined, the real work point of photovoltaic cell then according to the variation of load, changed at this curve.Fig. 4 is the photovoltaic cell output characteristic curve under the different illumination intensity, characteristic curve in conjunction with Fig. 3 can be found out: photovoltaic cell is changed by intensity of illumination and the output characteristic that produces changes very obvious, its short circuit current increases with intensity of illumination, and peak power output increases with intensity of illumination.Given this, the research of tracing maximum power of photovoltaic cell problem just becomes the sixty-four dollar question that promotes energy conversion efficiency.So-called maximum power point (Maximum Power Point, MPP) namely under certain solar irradiance and ambient temperature, photovoltaic cell operates in the peak power output state, and MPPT maximum power point tracking is and takes full advantage of photovoltaic cell, adjust in real time the equivalent load of photovoltaic cell, so that the photovoltaic cell operation always works near the process of maximum power point.
Local shadow problem is common and more unmanageable problem in the middle of the photovoltaic generation, and it refers to that the illumination of photovoltaic cell part blocked by other objects in the environment, so that the different phenomenon of intensity of illumination that the photovoltaic cell each several part receives.Shadow problem has many levels, can be divided into photovoltaic cell chips shadow problem, photovoltaic module shadow problem and photovoltaic array shadow problem.In small-power distributed photovoltaic power generation system applies more and more widely in the situation, the impact of the photovoltaic module shadow problem that is caused by trees, building, birds and beasts excreta can not be despised; A kind of photovoltaic module shadow problem shown in Figure 5.
The result of local shadow problem is exactly that obvious discreteness has appearred in their characteristic because each chipset illumination condition is different, and its I-U characteristic curve and P-U characteristic curve are respectively as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.Can see that after local shade blocked, a plurality of pole value appearred in the I-U of photovoltaic cell chips group and P-U curve.Local shade mainly contains two aspects to the impact of distributed photovoltaic power generation system output characteristic: the one, and the reduction of global peak power, the 2nd, the appearance of multi-peak is to the interference of control.For the photovoltaic shadow problem, academia has proposed some shadow problem solutions for array class and component level; Yet the shade of the distributed photovoltaic power generation system of puzzlement unimodule structure blocks and is the part photovoltaic cell chips in the assembly, and traditional power optimization device is because need the system configuration of change photovoltaic cell or electrical connection to use.The photovoltaic cell chips group equalizer circuit that some scholars propose adopts multistage DC/DC converter to move by force each group output to identical value, also can not really find the maximum power point of photovoltaic battery module under the local shade condition of difference.
Summary of the invention
For the existing above-mentioned technical problem of prior art, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic module with self-compensating function, can make photovoltaic module automatic equalization and realize maximum power output under local shade condition.
A kind of photovoltaic module with self-compensating function comprises a plurality of photovoltaic chipsets; The two ends span is connected to power compensating circuit after a plurality of photovoltaic chipset series connection; Described power compensating circuit is connected with control circuit; Wherein:
Described control circuit is used for gathering the output voltage of photovoltaic module and the voltage of output current and each photovoltaic chipset, and goes out control signal according to these signal utilization climbing algorithm constructions;
Described power compensating circuit is used for according to described output voltage and control signal, is the photovoltaic chipset electric current that affords redress.
Described power compensating circuit comprises a main coupling coil and a switching tube; Wherein, two ends connect respectively an end of main coupling coil and the output of switching tube after a plurality of photovoltaic chipset series connection, and the input of switching tube links to each other with the other end of main coupling coil, and the control utmost point of switching tube receives described control signal.
Preferably, described photovoltaic chipset is made of a secondary coupling coil, a diode, an electric capacity and a plurality of photovoltaic chip; An end links to each other with the negative electrode of diode and an end of electric capacity after a plurality of photovoltaic chip series connection, the other end links to each other with the other end of electric capacity and an end of secondary coupling coil, the other end of secondary coupling coil links to each other described secondary coupling coil and main coupling coil magnetic coupling with the anode of diode.This photovoltaic chipset can draw energy by magnetic coupling from power compensating circuit when being subject to shade and blocking, adjust self working point, guarantees maximum power output.
Described control circuit is made up by sample circuit, DSP and drive circuit; Described sample circuit is used for gathering the output voltage of photovoltaic module and the voltage of output current and each photovoltaic chipset; Described DSP is connected with sample circuit, is used for collecting signal utilization climbing algorithm construction according to sample circuit and goes out control signal; Described drive circuit is connected with DSP, is used for exporting after the described control signal power amplification.
The turn ratio of described main coupling coil and secondary coupling coil is that n: 1, n is the number of photovoltaic chipset.
Preferably, described photovoltaic chipset is parallel with bypass diode, when local shade occurs, become power consumption for fear of the chipset that is blocked from generating, and caused cause thermal damage, and its corresponding bypass diode will conducting, and this core assembly sheet stops to export electric energy.
Self-compensating function of the present invention replenishes it to the photovoltaic chipset that is subject to the shade impact by always exporting extracting energy from photovoltaic module, its working point is changed and recovers electric energy output, thereby improve the whole power output of photovoltaic module.Because the photovoltaic cell of this moment works in generating state, not consumed energy, so the energy that extracts still can be provided for load, does not affect the utilization of this part energy.Self-compensating function of the present invention is realized by power compensating circuit, control circuit and a plurality of photovoltaic chipset; The input of power compensating circuit links to each other with total output of photovoltaic module, and according to what of control circuit control and compensation energy.The photovoltaic chip can draw energy by magnetic coupling from power compensating circuit when the experience shade blocks, adjust the working point.
Wherein power compensating circuit adopts a main coupling coil and a switching tube, from total energy that extracts for compensation output-controlledly.The output voltage of control circuit detection photovoltaic module and output current also detect the voltage of each photovoltaic chipset to judge whether local shade occurs simultaneously in order to calculate the power output of photovoltaic module.When each group voltage difference is larger, the switching tube of starting power compensating circuit, energy storage in main coupling coil.The lower photovoltaic chipset of voltage can by with the magnetic coupling of power compensating circuit, automatically draw the compensation energy.Duty cycle of switching by the by-pass cock pipe, can regulate the working point that is subject to the photovoltaic chipset that shade blocks, so that the net power output of photovoltaic module (being that the photovoltaic battery panel power output adds that self compensation power conditioning module power output deducts the power conditioning module input power) reaches maximum.
Characteristics advantage of the present invention is:
(1) after the some photovoltaic cell chips groups in the photovoltaic module are blocked by shade, from total output of photovoltaic module, extract energy and offer the chipset that is blocked, change its working point, thereby improve the power output of photovoltaic module integral body.Come from photovoltaic module self owing to be used for the energy of compensation, but not the external energy source, so be referred to as self compensation.The benefit of these characteristics is exactly the energy storing structure that has omitted traditional approach, has removed searching external energy source from and has considered energy storage link response speed, performance index, the trouble in useful life.
(2) each photovoltaic cell chips group of photovoltaic module is corresponding with an output of self compensation power optimization circuit.In the power optimization circuit working, only process the photovoltaic module that is blocked, at utmost reduced the energy loss that the power back-off link is brought.
(3) can improve the capacity usage ratio of distributed photovoltaic power generation system, thereby improve the exploitativeness of distributed photovoltaic power generation system, reduce its cost of electricity-generating.The photovoltaic generation high cost has become that the restriction photovoltaic uses on a large scale and one of the principal element popularized, thus each can to improve the link of its capacity usage ratio extremely important.Photovoltaic module with self-compensating function can reduce cost of electricity-generating, becomes more feasible thereby make the extensive use of distributed photovoltaic power generation system and generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
(4) can prolong useful life of photovoltaic cell, the unbalanced output of energy not only limits the ability conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell, the useful life of further having reduced uneven part photovoltaic module simultaneously.Because the photovoltaic module that is blocked by local shade, as when not having effective safeguard measure or safeguard measure to lose efficacy, may cause electric current to pour in down a chimney, the adverse effects such as heating damage.And if add after the self compensation measure that the worry of relevant issues can effectively be avoided.
(5) project installation is simple, and is with low cost, do not change photovoltaic battery module electrical connection originally, and use and later maintenance are convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing distribution type photovoltaic power generation device.
Fig. 2 is the equivalent electric circuit of photovoltaic cell.
Fig. 3 is photovoltaic cell output characteristic curve figure.
Fig. 4 is the photovoltaic cell output characteristic curve figure under the different illumination intensity.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of photovoltaic module under local shade condition.
Fig. 6 is existing photovoltaic module photovoltaic module I-U output characteristic curve under local shade condition.
Fig. 7 is existing photovoltaic module photovoltaic module P-U output characteristic curve under local shade condition.
Fig. 8 is the structural framing schematic diagram of photovoltaic module of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is that the circuit of photovoltaic module of the present invention is implemented schematic diagram.
Figure 10 is the contrast schematic diagram of photovoltaic module of the present invention output characteristic curve under local shade condition.
Embodiment
In order more specifically to describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated.
Shown in Fig. 8 and 9, a kind of photovoltaic module with self-compensating function comprises three photovoltaic chipsets, and the photovoltaic chipset is parallel with bypass diode; The two ends span is connected to power compensating circuit after three photovoltaic chipset series connection; Power compensating circuit is connected with control circuit; Wherein:
Control circuit is used for gathering the output voltage U of photovoltaic module
oWith output current I
oAnd the voltage of each photovoltaic chipset, and go out control signal according to these signal utilizations climbing algorithm constructions; Control circuit is made up by sample circuit, DSP and drive circuit in the present embodiment.Sample circuit is used for gathering the current and voltage signals of photovoltaic module and offering DSP, and DSP is according to output voltage U
oWith output current I
oCalculate the power output of photovoltaic module, also detect simultaneously the voltage of each chipset to judge whether local shade occurs, and calculate power output and carry out the climbing algorithm, the duty cycle of switching of by-pass cock pipe, the output control signal, with the break-make of switching tube in the power ratio control compensating circuit, and then the size of regulating compensation power is so that the net power output of photovoltaic module reaches maximum after utilizing drive circuit to the control signal power amplification.The climbing algorithm judges according to the voltage difference of each photovoltaic chipset mainly whether local shade occurs, and whether compensating circuit should work.According to output voltage, the output current of photovoltaic module, calculate one time power output, then increase the switching tube duty ratio, the again output voltage of sampled light photovoltaic assembly, output current calculate power output and compare in the result who last time calculates.If power output increases, then further increase the switching tube duty ratio; If power output reduces, then reduce the switching tube duty ratio and carry out again disturbance.By such algorithm, finally determine suitable duty ratio, also determine finally to find the peak power output of photovoltaic module under current shade and the loading condition should transmit how much energy under this condition for the equilibrium between each photovoltaic cell chips group actually.
In the present embodiment, it is the chip of TMS320F28035 that DSP adopts TI company model, and it is the chip of MC34152 that drive circuit adopts ONNN company model.
Power compensating circuit is used for according to output voltage U
oAnd control signal, be the photovoltaic chipset electric current I that affords redress by magnetic coupling
1～I
3In the present embodiment, power compensating circuit comprises a main coupling coil L and NMOS pipe Q; Wherein, two ends connect respectively the end of main coupling coil L and the source electrode of NMOS pipe Q after three photovoltaic chipset series connection, and the drain electrode of NMOS pipe Q links to each other with the other end of main coupling coil L, the control signal of the grid reception control circuit output of NMOS pipe Q.
The photovoltaic chipset is made of a secondary coupling coil H, a diode D, a capacitor C and a plurality of photovoltaic chip; An end links to each other with the negative electrode of diode D and an end of capacitor C after a plurality of photovoltaic chip series connection, the other end links to each other with the other end of capacitor C and the end of secondary coupling coil H, the other end of secondary coupling coil H links to each other secondary coupling coil H and main coupling coil L magnetic coupling with the anode of diode D; Secondary coupling coil H and main coupling coil L adopt flyback transformer T to realize in the present embodiment, this flyback transformer T has a former limit winding (corresponding main coupling coil L) and three secondary windings (corresponding secondary coupling coil H), and the turn ratio of former limit winding and secondary winding is 3: 1.
On this basis, even each photovoltaic chipset in photovoltaic module is because part shade when the factor characteristic disunity such as blocking, can realize energy automatic equalization between each photovoltaic chipset, guarantee each photovoltaic chipset maximum power output under self environmental condition, thereby realize the output of photovoltaic module global maximum power; And when realizing the whole maximum power output of each photovoltaic chipset maximum power output and photovoltaic module, power compensating circuit is only processed uneven part in the power output, has at utmost reduced the energy loss that the power conversion link is brought.
The present embodiment self-compensating function is by always exporting extracting energy from photovoltaic module, and replenishes to the photovoltaic chipset that is subject to the shade impact, its working point is changed and recovers electric energy output, thereby improve the whole power output of photovoltaic module.Because the photovoltaic cell of this moment works in generating state, not consumed energy, so the energy that extracts still can be provided for load, does not affect the utilization of this part energy.Self-compensating function of the present invention is realized by power compensating circuit, control circuit and a plurality of photovoltaic chipset; The input of power compensating circuit links to each other with total output of photovoltaic module, and according to what of control circuit control and compensation energy.The photovoltaic chipset can draw energy by magnetic coupling from power compensating circuit when the experience shade blocks, adjust the working point.Wherein power compensating circuit adopts a main coupling coil and a switching tube to make up, and extracts for the energy that compensates from total output-controlledly, and Energy transfer is arrived the photovoltaic chipset that needs by magnetic coupling.The output voltage of control circuit detection photovoltaic module and output current also detect the voltage of each photovoltaic chipset to judge whether local shade occurs simultaneously in order to calculate the power output of photovoltaic module.When each group voltage difference is larger, the switching tube of starting power compensating circuit, energy storage in main coupling coil.The lower photovoltaic chipset of voltage can by with the magnetic coupling of power compensating circuit, automatically draw the compensation energy.Duty cycle of switching by the by-pass cock pipe, can regulate the working point that is subject to the photovoltaic chipset that shade blocks, so that the net power output of photovoltaic module (being that the photovoltaic battery panel power output adds that self compensation power conditioning module power output deducts the power conditioning module input power) reaches maximum.
The conventional photovoltaic assembly meet with after the local shadow problem the P-U curve as shown in phantom in Figure 10 because the solar radiation power that each photovoltaic chipset is accepted is inconsistent, the multi-peak phenomenon appears in characteristic curve, maximum power point is B.And the photovoltaic module of employing present embodiment self-compensating function is under identical shade condition, can compensate the photovoltaic chipset that is blocked by built-in power compensating circuit, so that the component internal balancing energy, output characteristic is recovered unimodal value, and curve is shown in solid line among Figure 10.At this moment, the photovoltaic module maximum power point is the A point, and tool has a certain upgrade.
Claims (6)
1. the photovoltaic module with self-compensating function comprises a plurality of photovoltaic chipsets; It is characterized in that: the two ends span is connected to power compensating circuit after a plurality of photovoltaic chipset series connection, and described power compensating circuit is connected with control circuit; Wherein:
Described control circuit is used for gathering the output voltage of photovoltaic module and the voltage of output current and each photovoltaic chipset, and goes out control signal according to these signal utilization climbing algorithm constructions;
Described power compensating circuit is used for according to described output voltage and control signal, is the photovoltaic chipset electric current that affords redress.
2. photovoltaic module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described power compensating circuit comprises a main coupling coil and a switching tube; Wherein, two ends connect respectively an end of main coupling coil and the output of switching tube after a plurality of photovoltaic chipset series connection, and the input of switching tube links to each other with the other end of main coupling coil, and the control utmost point of switching tube receives described control signal.
3. photovoltaic module according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described photovoltaic chipset is made of a secondary coupling coil, a diode, an electric capacity and a plurality of photovoltaic chip; An end links to each other with the negative electrode of diode and an end of electric capacity after a plurality of photovoltaic chip series connection, and the other end links to each other with the other end of electric capacity and an end of secondary coupling coil; The other end of secondary coupling coil links to each other described secondary coupling coil and main coupling coil magnetic coupling with the anode of diode.
4. photovoltaic module according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described control circuit is made up by sample circuit, DSP and drive circuit; Described sample circuit is used for gathering the output voltage of photovoltaic module and the voltage of output current and each photovoltaic chipset; Described DSP is connected with sample circuit, is used for collecting signal utilization climbing algorithm construction according to sample circuit and goes out control signal; Described drive circuit is connected with DSP, is used for exporting after the described control signal power amplification.
5. photovoltaic module according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the turn ratio of described main coupling coil and secondary coupling coil is that n: 1, n is the number of photovoltaic chipset.
6. photovoltaic module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described photovoltaic chipset is parallel with bypass diode.
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| CN104702206A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-06-10 | 浙江昱能科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic power generation system using bypass type direct current converters |
| CN105227126A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2016-01-06 | 北京动力源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of photovoltaic module power optimizer and there is the photovoltaic generating system of this optimizer |
| US9461581B2 (en) | 2013-11-06 | 2016-10-04 | Ablerex Electronics Co., Ltd. | Shadowing compensation device for solar cell module |
| CN104425646B (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2017-03-01 | 盈正豫顺电子股份有限公司 | Solar module occlusion compensation device |
| CN107809136A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2018-03-16 | 北京金鸿泰科技有限公司 | A kind of method and apparatus for compensating component output current |
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