CN103066556A - Overvoltage protection method of high-voltage direct current system - Google Patents
Overvoltage protection method of high-voltage direct current system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an overvoltage protection method of a high-voltage direct current system. Once a high-tension battery is disconnected with the high-voltage direct current system, a motor controller is in a passive feedback mode and monitors voltage of a high-voltage direct current network in real time. Once the voltage of the high-voltage direct current network is larger than or equal to the maximum allowing voltage, the motor controller is in an initiative short circuit mode. At the same time, at least one auxiliary discharge device is opened. Once the voltage of the high-voltage direct current network is less than the maximum allowing voltage, the motor controller is in the passive feedback mode. Once the voltage of the high-voltage direct current network is less than or equal to the minimum allowing voltage, all auxiliary discharge devices are closed. Under the condition of breakdown of disconnection of the high-tension battery, the existing motor controller is only provided with a safe mode. The overvoltage protection method of the high-voltage direct current system divides the safe mode into the passive feedback mode and the initiative short circuit mode assisting with an auxiliary discharge mode of the high-voltage direct current system, and thereby the overvoltage protection method of the high-voltage direct current system has the advantages of effectively solving the problem of overhigh voltage of the high-voltage direct current network of a new energy automobile and reducing risk of equipment trouble.
Description
Technical field
The application relates in a kind of new-energy automobile (pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle etc.) guard method for high-voltage direct current.
Background technology
See also Fig. 1, this is the rough schematic view of the high-voltage direct current in the new-energy automobile.Described high-voltage direct current comprises high-tension battery 10, electric machine controller 20, permagnetic synchronous motor 30 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40.
High-tension battery 10 is exported high-voltage direct currents so that energy to be provided to electric machine controller 20 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40.High-tension battery 10 also can obtain the high-voltage direct current of input with charging from electric machine controller 20.
The dc terminal of electric machine controller 20 links to each other with high-tension battery 10, exchanges end and links to each other with the three-phase alternating current port of permagnetic synchronous motor 30, plays driving permagnetic synchronous motor 30 output torques and power, and the effect of the braking energy of feedback permagnetic synchronous motor 30.Common electric machine controller 20 adopts three-phase bridge type converter, is composed in parallel by Support Capacitor C and three brachium pontis.Each brachium pontis is comprised of two power switching device series, and each device for power switching is diode of reverse parallel connection also.Device for power switching commonly used comprises IGBT device, metal-oxide-semiconductor etc.
The mechanical output shaft of permagnetic synchronous motor 30 links to each other with the drive system of electric automobile, is electric automobile output torque and power.When permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is dragged at a high speed, also generate conversely three-phase alternating current.
The input of the dc terminal of electric machine controller 20 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40 adopts the high direct voltage wire harness to link together, and is called high voltage direct current network 50.Under normal circumstances, high-tension battery 10 can be used for the voltage of stable high voltage DC network 50.When some fault occured, circuit breaker can disconnect high-tension battery 10 and high voltage direct current network 50, and the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 will become unstable at this moment.
Summary of the invention
The application's technical problem to be solved provides a kind of over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current of new-energy automobile, can prevent that overvoltage from appearring in high-voltage direct current.The method is specially adapted to the situation that high-tension battery and the disengagement of high voltage direct current network and permagnetic synchronous motor are dragged at a high speed.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the over-voltage protection method of the application's high-voltage direct current is: in case high-tension battery and high-voltage direct current disconnect, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of Real Time Monitoring high voltage direct current network;
In case the voltage 〉=maximum permissible voltage of high voltage direct current network then makes to enter initiatively short-circuit mode in the electric machine controller, opens simultaneously the one or more of auxiliary discharge equipment;
In case the voltage<maximum permissible voltage of high voltage direct current network then makes electric machine controller enter passive feedback model;
In case the voltage of high voltage direct current network≤minimum allows voltage, then closes all auxiliary discharge equipment;
Described passive feedback model is: six device for power switching in three brachium pontis of electric machine controller all turn-off;
Described active short-circuit mode is: three upper brachium pontis device for power switching of electric machine controller all turn-off, the whole conductings of three lower brachium pontis device for power switching; The perhaps upper whole conductings of brachium pontis device for power switching of three in the electric machine controller, three lower brachium pontis device for power switching all turn-off.
High-voltage direct current is under the failure condition that high-tension battery disconnects, existing electric machine controller only has a kind of safe mode, the application then is split as it passive feedback model and two kinds of short-circuit modes initiatively, and whether is higher than maximum permissible voltage and switches between these two kinds of patterns according to the voltage of high voltage direct current network.
The application also is aided with the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current, and opens when the voltage of high voltage direct current network is higher than maximum permissible voltage, is lower than when minimum allows voltage and close.
By above combined strategy, the application just can effectively solve the overtension problem of the high voltage direct current network of new-energy automobile, has reduced preferably the damage risk of equipment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the simplified structure schematic diagram of the high-voltage direct current of electric automobile;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the over-voltage protection method of the application's high-voltage direct current;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the passive feedback model of motor driven systems;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the active short-circuit mode of motor driven systems;
Fig. 5 is the short circuit current of permagnetic synchronous motor under the active short-circuit mode and the graph of a relation of rotating speed;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current.
Reference numeral is among the figure:
10 is high-tension battery; 20 is electric machine controller; 30 is permagnetic synchronous motor; 40 is auxiliary discharge equipment.
Embodiment
The application is applicable to high-voltage direct current shown in Figure 1, namely comprises high-tension battery 10, electric machine controller 20, permagnetic synchronous motor 30 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40.Wherein, the input of the dc terminal of electric machine controller 20 and auxiliary discharge equipment 40 adopts high-voltage wiring harness to link together, and is called high voltage direct current network 50.
Under the normal operation, high-tension battery 10 provides electric energy for electric machine controller 20, and electric machine controller 20 is converted to alternating current with direct current, to drive permagnetic synchronous motor 30 power outputs and moment of torsion.At this moment, the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 fluctuates in normal range (NR).
When running into such as high-tension battery short circuit, overvoltage, overcurrent, overheated; When receiving the fault such as outside collision signal, high-tension battery 10 is with oneself monitoring and draw oneself up and high voltage direct current network 50 disconnects, and this will cause the spread of voltage of high voltage direct current network 50.Subsequently, high-tension battery 10 also can report entire car controller with fault.
See also Fig. 2, the over-voltage protection method of the application's high-voltage direct current is: in case high-tension battery and high-voltage direct current disconnect, then make electric machine controller enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of Real Time Monitoring high voltage direct current network;
In case the voltage 〉=maximum permissible voltage of high voltage direct current network then makes electric machine controller enter initiatively short-circuit mode, opens simultaneously the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current;
In case the voltage<maximum permissible voltage of high voltage direct current network then makes electric machine controller enter passive feedback model;
In case the voltage of high voltage direct current network≤minimum allows voltage, then close the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current.
See also Fig. 3, this is the schematic diagram that electric machine controller 20 is in passive feedback model.Wherein the IGBT device all represents that with dotted lines they are off state.At this moment, dragged at a high speed such as permagnetic synchronous motor 30, then its back-emf is very high, permagnetic synchronous motor 30 will charge to Support Capacitor C by the diode rectification in parallel with each IGBT device, the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 will constantly raise, until the voltage of Support Capacitor C is near the line voltage peak of permagnetic synchronous motor 30.
See also Fig. 4, this is the have the initiative schematic diagram of short-circuit mode of electric machine controller 20.Wherein the IGBT device take dotted lines represents them as off state, and the IGBT device of describing take solid line represents that they are as conducting state.Among Fig. 4, three IGBT devices that are positioned at brachium pontis turn-off, and will be positioned at three IGBT break-over of device of lower brachium pontis; Vice versa (not shown).At this moment, permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is in initiatively short-circuit condition of three-phase, thereby can not charge to Support Capacitor C by diode rectification, and the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 can not raise yet.Under the active short-circuit mode, dragged such as permagnetic synchronous motor 30, with short circuit current flow, the size of this short circuit current is between motor continuous current and peak current in three phase windings.
See also Fig. 5, initiatively the short circuit current of permagnetic synchronous motor 30 and the relation of rotating speed are under the short-circuit mode: along with the rotating speed monotone increasing; But after reaching certain rotating speed, can be stabilized in a certain steady state value.Because the short circuit current of permagnetic synchronous motor 30 is larger, thus generally do not allow to work long hours under the active short-circuit mode, to avoid electric machine controller 20 or permagnetic synchronous motor 30 overheated.The application only when the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 is higher than maximum permissible voltage, just makes electric machine controller 20 enter initiatively short-circuit mode, and opens one or more discharge the in the auxiliary discharge equipment 40; Only need through the very short time, the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 will be less than maximum permissible voltage, and electric machine controller 20 just withdraws from this pattern, thereby can not work long hours under the active short-circuit mode.
See also Fig. 6, this is the schematic diagram that high-voltage direct current is in the auxiliary discharge pattern.Wherein the IGBT device is in passive feedback and initiatively constantly switching between short-circuit mode.At this moment, open one or more to consume energy among the Support Capacitor C in the auxiliary discharge equipment 40.Common auxiliary discharge equipment 40 comprises DC/DC converter, high-pressure air conditioner, seat heater etc., energy among the Support Capacitor C will be converted into low-voltage direct-current system energy, mechanical energy or heat energy etc. accordingly, and therefore the voltage of high direct voltage network 50 also can reduce.Because auxiliary discharge equipment 40 can discharge the electric energy among the Support Capacitor C soon, thereby generally all can be controlled in very short time discharge time, so very little on other system of vehicle and personnel's impact.
In sum, the over-voltage protection method of the application's high-voltage direct current is that electric machine controller 20 has designed two kinds of overvoltage protection mode, and switches between these two kinds of overvoltage protection mode by the voltage of monitoring high voltage direct current network 50.The auxiliary discharge pattern that is aided with simultaneously high-voltage direct current can solve the overtension problem of high voltage direct current network effectively, and applicable to new-energy automobiles such as pure electric automobile and hybrid vehicles.
Below just with a specific embodiment corresponding to physical fault the application is carried out exemplary illustration.
If a new-energy automobile is run at high speed in long descending highway section, high-tension battery 10 breaks down, circuit breaker disconnects high-tension battery 10 and high voltage direct current network 50 rapidly, electric machine controller 30 enters passive feedback model (IGBT device complete shut-down is disconnected), and the voltage of Real-Time Monitoring high voltage direct current network 50.
At this moment, new-energy automobile is because the promotion of self inertia and descending gravity, motor is still dragged at a high speed, Support Capacitor C in the electric machine controller 20 is recharged, this is higher than maximum permissible voltage so that the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 rises to, electric machine controller 20 enter initiatively short-circuit mode (IGBT1,3,5 open-minded, IGBT2,4,6 turn-offs; Perhaps IGBT1,3,5 turn-offs, IGBT2,4,6 open-minded), and open the auxiliary discharge pattern (open in the auxiliary discharge equipment 40 one or more) of high-voltage direct current.Initiatively short-circuit mode will so that the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 no longer raises, be opened the auxiliary discharge pattern of high-voltage direct current then so that the voltage drop of high voltage direct current network 50.
Because auxiliary discharge equipment 40 has consumed the electric energy of Support Capacitor C, within very short time, the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 just is down to below the maximum permissible voltage, and electric machine controller 20 is got back to again passive feedback model.The auxiliary discharge equipment 40 of this moment is still opened, to continue to reduce the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50.Being down to minimum when the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 allows just to close the auxiliary discharge pattern (closeall auxiliary discharge equipment 40) of high-voltage direct current below the voltage.
Continued in the process of high speed hauling at electric automobile, said motor controller 20 can be at passive feedback model and is initiatively constantly switched between the short-circuit mode, the auxiliary discharge pattern of high voltage direct current network also can the time and open, the time and close, both are combined to have guaranteed that just the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 is all the time maximum permissible voltage and minimum the permission between the voltage.
After entire car controller is learnt vehicle trouble, can adopt the mechanical braking mode to reduce the speed of a motor vehicle and fault vehicle out of service, constantly reduce so tow rotating speed, electric machine controller 20 is the produce power feedback no longer, and the voltage of high voltage direct current network 50 no longer rises.
What need replenish is that after electric machine controller entered the active short-circuit mode, motor can produce certain negative torque under the short circuit current effect.Under the effect of this negative torque, can help the speed of a motor vehicle steadily to reduce, so being in the time of protection strategy, whole system is limited within the specific limits.
Be the application's preferred embodiment only below, and be not used in restriction the application.For a person skilled in the art, the application can have various modifications and variations.All within the application's spirit and principle, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within the application's the protection range.
Claims (8)
1. the over-voltage protection method of a high-voltage direct current is characterized in that, in case high-tension battery and high-voltage direct current disconnect, then makes electric machine controller enter passive feedback model, and the voltage of Real Time Monitoring high voltage direct current network;
In case the voltage 〉=maximum permissible voltage of high voltage direct current network then makes to enter initiatively short-circuit mode in the electric machine controller, opens simultaneously the one or more of auxiliary discharge equipment;
In case the voltage<maximum permissible voltage of high voltage direct current network then makes electric machine controller enter passive feedback model;
In case the voltage of high voltage direct current network≤minimum allows voltage, then closes all auxiliary discharge equipment;
Described passive feedback model is: six device for power switching in three brachium pontis of electric machine controller all turn-off;
Described active short-circuit mode is: three upper brachium pontis device for power switching of electric machine controller all turn-off, the whole conductings of three lower brachium pontis device for power switching; The perhaps upper whole conductings of brachium pontis device for power switching of three in the electric machine controller, three lower brachium pontis device for power switching all turn-off.
2. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described high-voltage direct current comprises high-tension battery, electric machine controller, permagnetic synchronous motor and auxiliary discharge equipment; The input of the dc terminal of electric machine controller and auxiliary discharge equipment adopts high-voltage wiring harness to link together, and is called the high voltage direct current network.
3. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described electric machine controller adopts three-phase bridge type converter, is composed in parallel by Support Capacitor and three brachium pontis; Each brachium pontis is comprised of two power switching device series, and each device for power switching is diode of reverse parallel connection also.
4. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described auxiliary discharge equipment comprises one or more in DC/DC converter, high-pressure air conditioner, the seat heater.
5. the over-voltage protection method of high-voltage direct current according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when running into high-tension battery short circuit, overvoltage, overcurrent, overheated; When receiving the fault of outside collision signal, high-tension battery will disconnect with high-voltage direct current.
6. according to claim 2 or the over-voltage protection method of 3 described high-voltage direct currents; it is characterized in that; under passive feedback model; when permagnetic synchronous motor is dragged at a high speed; then Support Capacitor is charged; the voltage of high voltage direct current network will constantly raise, until near the line voltage peak of permagnetic synchronous motor.
7. according to claim 2 or the over-voltage protection method of 3 described high-voltage direct currents, it is characterized in that under the active short-circuit mode, permagnetic synchronous motor can not charge to Support Capacitor, the voltage of high voltage direct current network can not raise yet.
8. according to claim 2 or the over-voltage protection method of 3 described high-voltage direct currents, it is characterized in that under the auxiliary discharge pattern, the energy in the Support Capacitor will be consumed, therefore the voltage of high direct voltage network also can reduce.
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CN114056095A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2022-02-18 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Storage medium, vehicle and capacitance leakage processing method and system thereof |
CN114056095B (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2023-06-13 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Storage medium, vehicle and capacitance release processing method and system thereof |
CN112787568A (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2021-05-11 | 无锡华宸控制技术有限公司 | Method for active short circuit control of motor |
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