CN103063913A - Frequency tracking method for Fourier transform - Google Patents

Frequency tracking method for Fourier transform Download PDF

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CN103063913A
CN103063913A CN2012105223685A CN201210522368A CN103063913A CN 103063913 A CN103063913 A CN 103063913A CN 2012105223685 A CN2012105223685 A CN 2012105223685A CN 201210522368 A CN201210522368 A CN 201210522368A CN 103063913 A CN103063913 A CN 103063913A
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fourier transform
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CN103063913B (en
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郑春荣
丁梦瑶
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Zhuhai Zhongwei Acer Technology Co. Ltd.
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SHENZHEN JINHONGWEI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency tracking method for Fourier transform. The frequency tracking method comprises the following steps: (1) calculating sampling time interval Delta t according to current alternating current frequency, then sampling alternating current analog quantity for N times within a cycle according to the calculated and obtained sampling time interval Deltat, wherein the N is equal to 2M, and the M is a whole number, (2) directly calculating and obtaining first alternating current frequency according to data obtained through the sampling, and adopting the fast Fourier transform to obtain second alternating current frequency, and (3) comparing a differential value of the first alternating current frequency and the second alternating current frequency, judging whether the differential value is smaller than a preset valve or not, if the answer is yes, then using the second alternating current frequency as the current alternating current frequency, if the answer is not, using the first alternating current frequency as the current alternating current frequency. According to the frequency tracking method for the Fourier transform, the frequency of alternating current analog quantity can be tracked in real time to enable a sampling period to accord with the period of the alternating current analog quantity, frequency tracking can be achieved through a cycle, and therefore measured data is enabled to be free of the influence of the frequency, and the problem that a conversion measurement error of the Fourier transform is large when frequency deviation is great can be corrected.

Description

The frequency tracking method that is used for Fourier transform
Technical field
The present invention relates to the power technology field, be specifically related to a kind of frequency tracking method for Fourier transform.
Background technology
In AC electric power systems, often to measure the analog quantitys such as alternating voltage, electric current, frequency, power factor.The development of adhering to electronic technology, the function of various chips from strength to strength, now general chip can adopt Fourier transform to calculate above-mentioned each analog quantity.
But the deviation of frequency can impact the computational accuracy of Fourier transform, and frequency departure is larger, and computational accuracy is lower, and is more inaccurate.For example, only at frequency departure during less than 1Hz, frequency measurement is just more accurate, and during greater than 1Hz, frequency measurement is extremely inaccurate, does not satisfy application request at frequency departure.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of frequency tracking method for Fourier transform, the problem that can impact the computational accuracy of Fourier transform with the deviation that solves the prior art medium frequency.
A kind of frequency tracking method for Fourier transform is characterized in that, comprising:
According to current a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t;
In a cycle, ac analog is sampled N time N=2 according to the sampling time interval △ t that calculates M, M is integer;
According to the data that sampling obtains, directly calculate the first a-c cycle f 1, adopt Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the second a-c cycle f 2
Compare the first a-c cycle f 1With the second a-c cycle f 2Difference, whether judge described difference less than preset value, if, then with the second a-c cycle f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise, with the first a-c cycle f 1Be current a-c cycle.
A kind of frequency-tracking device for Fourier transform is characterized in that, comprising:
The first computing module is used for according to current a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t;
Sampling module is used for ac analog being sampled N time N=2 in a cycle according to the sampling time interval △ t that calculates M, M is integer;
The second computing module, the data for obtaining according to sampling directly calculate the first a-c cycle f 1
The 3rd computing module for the data that obtain according to sampling, adopts Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the second a-c cycle f 2
Comparison module is used for relatively the first a-c cycle f 1With the second a-c cycle f 2Difference, judge that whether described difference is less than preset value;
A-c cycle arranges module, if be used for described difference less than preset value, then with the second a-c cycle f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise, with the first a-c cycle f 1Be current a-c cycle.
Technical solution of the present invention adopts with the constant duration image data, the data that gather are obtained two a-c cycles by direct calculating and Fourier transform respectively, whether the difference according to these two a-c cycles is determined take one of them as current a-c cycle above preset value, and according to the definite technical scheme that adopts the time interval of current a-c cycle, frequency that can the real-time follow-up ac analog, make the sampling period consistent with the cycle of ac analog, accomplish that a cycle namely finishes frequency-tracking, thereby make measurement data not be subjected to the impact of frequency change, can correct when frequency departure is large, the problem that the Fourier transform measuring error is large, the measuring accuracy of technical solution of the present invention is high, calculated amount is little, applied widely, every cycle only need to carry out one time Fourier transform, and common not with 51 of DSP function, the chips such as ARM just can be realized.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of the frequency tracking method that is used for Fourier transform of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the frequency-tracking device that is used for Fourier transform of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the hardware connection figure of the frequency-tracking device that is used for Fourier transform of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram of an application examples of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, and following examples only are used for technical scheme of the present invention more clearly is described, and can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of frequency tracking method for Fourier transform, the method be according to Fourier transform in the situation of frequency departure less than 1Hz, frequency measurement more accurately characteristics proposes.
Please refer to Fig. 1, embodiment of the invention method comprises:
110, according to current a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t, in a cycle, ac analog is sampled N time N=2 according to the sampling time interval △ t that calculates M, M is integer.
Suppose that described ac analog is
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500031
Wherein, U mBe voltage magnitude, f is a-c cycle, Be initial phase angle, t is time variable, and the initial value of a-c cycle f is 50Hz.
Described sampling time interval is
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500033
Present embodiment adopts timer regularly, and constant duration △ t samples, and employing obtains discrete signal and is designated as
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500034
K is sampling number, and adopting k for the first time is 1, and the k that samples for the second time is 2, the like.
120, the data that obtain according to sampling directly calculate the first a-c cycle f 1, adopt Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the second a-c cycle f 2
Present embodiment can adopt half-wave to calculate the first a-c cycle, specifically comprises:
Calculate the mean value of N the data that sampling obtains in the cycle, a described N data are compared with this mean value respectively, find out two adjacent zero crossing data, calculate the difference △ N of these two multi-zero data, then, the first a-c cycle is
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500035
The second a-c cycle f 2Computing method comprise:
Adopt Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), calculate respectively the first-harmonic real part U that exchanges phasor aWith first-harmonic imaginary part U b, wherein, U a = 2 N Σ K = 1 N u k cos 2 πk N , U b = 2 N Σ K = 1 N u k sin 2 πk N , U kBe k point sampling value, K is natural number;
Calculate the initial phase angle of first-harmonic according to first-harmonic real part and imaginary part
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500038
Then the second a-c cycle is
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500039
Φ nAnd Φ N-1It is respectively the initial phase angle of first-harmonic in adjacent two sampling periods.
130, compare the first a-c cycle f 1With the second a-c cycle f 2Difference, whether judge described difference less than preset value, if, then with the second a-c cycle f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise, with the first a-c cycle f 1Be current a-c cycle.
Described preset value can be 0.5Hz.If f 1With f 2Differ＜0.5Hz, then with f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise with f 1Be current a-c cycle.The present embodiment method can be accomplished each cycle tracking and be upgraded a-c cycle one time.Point out in 110 that the a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t according to current after having redefined current a-c cycle, need to recomputate sampling time interval △ t.
In the situation of frequency departure less than 1Hz, frequency measurement is characteristics more accurately, have proposed said method according to Fourier transform for the embodiment of the invention.The method adopts sampled value directly to ask the method for frequency when frequency departure is large, and the frequency that Fourier transform is calculated is corrected.And be implemented in each sampling period sampling time interval is recomputated, to reach sample frequency tracking measurement a-c cycle.
Technical solution of the present invention adopts with the constant duration image data, the data that gather are obtained two a-c cycles by direct calculating and Fourier transform respectively, whether the difference according to these two a-c cycles is determined take one of them as current a-c cycle above preset value, and according to the definite technical scheme that adopts the time interval of current a-c cycle, frequency that can the real-time follow-up ac analog, make the sampling period consistent with the cycle of ac analog, accomplish that a cycle namely finishes frequency-tracking, thereby make measurement data not be subjected to the impact of frequency change, can correct when frequency departure is large, the problem that the Fourier transform measuring error is large, the measuring accuracy of technical solution of the present invention is high, calculated amount is little, applied widely, every cycle only need to carry out one time Fourier transform, and common not with 51 of DSP function, the chips such as ARM just can be realized, simply, reliably, low to hardware requirement, it is convenient to realize, practical.
Please refer to Fig. 2, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of frequency-tracking device for Fourier transform, comprising:
The first computing module 201 is used for according to current a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t;
Sampling module 202 is used for ac analog being sampled N time N=2 in a cycle according to the sampling time interval △ t that calculates M, M is integer;
The second computing module 203, the data for obtaining according to sampling directly calculate the first a-c cycle f 1
The 3rd computing module 204 for the data that obtain according to sampling, adopts Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the second a-c cycle f 2
Comparison module 205 is used for relatively the first a-c cycle f 1With the second a-c cycle f 2Difference, judge that whether described difference is less than preset value;
A-c cycle arranges module 206, if be used for described difference less than preset value, then with the second a-c cycle f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise, with the first a-c cycle f 1Be current a-c cycle.
Suppose that described ac analog is
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500051
Wherein, U mBe voltage magnitude, f is a-c cycle,
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500052
Be initial phase angle, t is time variable, and the initial value of a-c cycle f is 50Hz.
Described the first computing module 201 specifically can be used for according to formula
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500053
The calculating sampling time interval.
Described the second computing module 203, specifically can be used for adopting half-wave to calculate the first a-c cycle, comprise: the mean value that calculates N the data that sampling obtains in the cycle, a described N data are compared with this mean value respectively, find out two adjacent zero crossing data, calculate the difference △ N of these two multi-zero data, then, the first a-c cycle is
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500054
Described the 3rd computing module 204 specifically can comprise:
The first computing unit is used for calculating the first-harmonic real part U that exchanges phasor aWith first-harmonic imaginary part U b, wherein, U a = 2 N Σ K = 1 N u k cos 2 πk N , U b = 2 N Σ K = 1 N u k sin 2 πk N , U kBe k point sampling value, K is natural number;
The second computing unit is used for calculating the initial phase angle of first-harmonic according to first-harmonic real part and imaginary part Φ = artg ( - U b U a ) ;
The 3rd computing unit is used for according to formula
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500058
Calculate the second a-c cycle, Φ nAnd Φ N-1It is respectively the initial phase angle of first-harmonic in adjacent two sampling periods.
To sum up, the frequency-tracking device that is used for Fourier transform that the embodiment of the invention provides, employing is with the constant duration image data, the data that gather are obtained two a-c cycles by direct calculating and Fourier transform respectively, whether the difference according to these two a-c cycles is determined take one of them as current a-c cycle above preset value, and according to the definite technical scheme that adopts the time interval of current a-c cycle, frequency that can the real-time follow-up ac analog, make the sampling period consistent with the cycle of ac analog, accomplish that a cycle namely finishes frequency-tracking, thereby make measurement data not be subjected to the impact of frequency change, can correct when frequency departure is large, the problem that the Fourier transform measuring error is large, the measuring accuracy of technical solution of the present invention is high, calculated amount is little, applied widely, every cycle only need to carry out one time Fourier transform, and common not with 51 of DSP function, the chips such as ARM just can be realized, simply, reliably, low to hardware requirement, it is convenient to realize, practical.
The below does further detailed description with a concrete application examples to technical solution of the present invention:
In should use-case, the frequency-tracking device be take ARM cortex-M3 chip as master control IC, and hardware connection as shown in Figure 3.
During actual motion, 220V ac phase voltage access frequency-tracking device, behind electric resistance partial pressure, voltage rising, filtering circuit, be converted to 3V with interior voltage signal, be input to again modulus (AD) switched pins of master control IC, convert digital quantity to through AD, finish by embodiment of the invention method again and calculate and frequency-tracking.
As shown in Figure 4, should may further comprise the steps by use-case:
1, chip initial configuration
A, the per cycle sampling number N=32 of setting, the initial default frequency is 50Hz,
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500061
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500062
B, each variable of initialization, configuration AD, timer.
2, sampled data
Adopt timer regularly, the constant duration △ t AC signal of sampling obtains u k
3, algorithm calculates
A, obtain the mean value of sampled data first
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500063
Pass through again
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500064
Compare with each sampled data, obtain the poor △ N of adjacent two zero crossing data and two zero crossing data.Obtain a-c cycle according to △ N
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500065
B, employing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculate the first-harmonic real part, the imaginary part that exchange phasor, calculate the initial phase angle of first-harmonic according to first-harmonic real part and imaginary part
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500071
With the initial phase angle calculated rate of the first-harmonic in adjacent two sampling periods,
Figure DEST_PATH_GDA00002869848500072
C, judgement alternating voltage data if voltage magnitude less than 40V, is not then done frequency-tracking, are no longer carried out following step, otherwise are calculated below continuing.
D, two frequency f of comparison 1And f 2, as: f 1With f 2Differ＜0.5Hz, then with f 2Be a-c cycle, sampling time interval is recomputated; Otherwise with f 1Be a-c cycle, sampling time interval is recomputated.And carry out sample frequency and follow the tracks of.
Technical solution of the present invention has preferably frequency-tracking ability, and is less in frequency jitter, can accomplish during for example less than 1Hz that a cycle just finishes sample frequency and follow the tracks of, and when frequency jitter was large, two cycles just can be finished frequency-tracking.
More than the frequency tracking method and the device that are used for Fourier transform that the embodiment of the invention is provided be described in detail, but the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof, should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.Those skilled in the art are in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, and the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a frequency tracking method that is used for Fourier transform is characterized in that, comprising:
According to current a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t;
In a cycle, ac analog is sampled N time N=2 according to the sampling time interval △ t that calculates M, M is integer;
According to the data that sampling obtains, directly calculate the first a-c cycle f 1, adopt Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the second a-c cycle f 2
Compare the first a-c cycle f 1With the second a-c cycle f 2Difference, whether judge described difference less than preset value, if, then with the second a-c cycle f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise, with the first a-c cycle f 1Be current a-c cycle.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
Described ac analog is
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400011
Wherein, U mBe voltage magnitude, f is a-c cycle,
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400012
Be initial phase angle, t is time variable, and the initial value of a-c cycle f is 50Hz;
Described sampling time interval is
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400013
3. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described first a-c cycle that directly calculates comprises:
Adopt half-wave to calculate the first a-c cycle.
4. method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described employing half-wave calculates the first a-c cycle and specifically comprises:
Calculate the mean value of N the data that sampling obtains in the cycle, a described N data are compared with this mean value respectively, find out two adjacent zero crossing data, calculate the difference △ N of these two multi-zero data, then, the first a-c cycle is
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400014
5. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described employing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) calculates the second a-c cycle and comprises:
Adopt Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), calculate respectively the first-harmonic real part U that exchanges phasor aWith first-harmonic imaginary part U b, wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400015
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400016
U kBe k point sampling value, K is natural number;
Calculate the initial phase angle of first-harmonic according to first-harmonic real part and imaginary part
Then the second a-c cycle is
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400022
Φ nAnd Φ N-1It is respectively the initial phase angle of first-harmonic in adjacent two sampling periods.
6. method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, describedly judges whether described difference comprises less than preset value:
Judge that whether described difference is less than 0.5Hz.
7. a frequency-tracking device that is used for Fourier transform is characterized in that, comprising:
The first computing module is used for according to current a-c cycle calculating sampling time interval △ t;
Sampling module is used for ac analog being sampled N time N=2 in a cycle according to the sampling time interval △ t that calculates M, M is integer;
The second computing module, the data for obtaining according to sampling directly calculate the first a-c cycle f 1
The 3rd computing module for the data that obtain according to sampling, adopts Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to calculate the second a-c cycle f 2
Comparison module is used for relatively the first a-c cycle f 1With the second a-c cycle f 2Difference, judge that whether described difference is less than preset value;
A-c cycle arranges module, if be used for described difference less than preset value, then with the second a-c cycle f 2Be current a-c cycle, otherwise, with the first a-c cycle f 1Be current a-c cycle.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Described ac analog is
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400023
Wherein, U mBe voltage magnitude, f is a-c cycle,
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400024
Be initial phase angle, t is time variable, and the initial value of a-c cycle f is 50Hz;
Described the first computing module is used for formula
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400025
The calculating sampling time interval.
9. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that:
Described the second computing module, the concrete employing half-wave that is used for calculates the first a-c cycle, comprise: the mean value that calculates N the data that sampling obtains in the cycle, a described N data are compared with this mean value respectively, find out two adjacent zero crossing data, calculate the difference △ N of these two multi-zero data, then, the first a-c cycle is
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400031
10. device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described the 3rd computing module comprises:
The first computing unit is used for calculating the first-harmonic real part U that exchanges phasor aWith first-harmonic imaginary part U b, wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400032
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400033
U kBe k point sampling value, K is natural number;
The second computing unit is used for calculating the initial phase angle of first-harmonic according to first-harmonic real part and imaginary part
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400034
The 3rd computing unit is used for according to formula
Figure DEST_PATH_FDA00002869848400035
Calculate the second a-c cycle, Φ nAnd Φ N-1It is respectively the initial phase angle of first-harmonic in adjacent two sampling periods.
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CN104198811A (en) * 2014-08-18 2014-12-10 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 Method and device for measuring frequency of low frequency signal
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CN104597321A (en) * 2015-01-28 2015-05-06 常洪山 Signal frequency measuring method and device based on four disperse Fourier plural spectral lines
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CN106018958B (en) * 2016-05-11 2018-10-02 西安西热节能技术有限公司 Secondary side current electric voltage frequency tracking in isolated network frequency conversion system
CN107782966A (en) * 2016-08-24 2018-03-09 施耐德电器工业公司 Determine the frequency of AC signal
CN111190043A (en) * 2020-01-09 2020-05-22 北京机械设备研究所 Method and device for acquiring alternating current signal parameters
CN111190043B (en) * 2020-01-09 2022-04-12 北京机械设备研究所 Method and device for acquiring alternating current signal parameters
CN113075451A (en) * 2021-02-23 2021-07-06 北京鸿普惠信息技术有限公司 Method for improving frequency precision by compensating angle offset through positive sequence component in primary frequency modulation

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