CN103052521B - 混合动力作业车辆 - Google Patents

混合动力作业车辆 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103052521B
CN103052521B CN201180040325.7A CN201180040325A CN103052521B CN 103052521 B CN103052521 B CN 103052521B CN 201180040325 A CN201180040325 A CN 201180040325A CN 103052521 B CN103052521 B CN 103052521B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
mentioned
electrical motor
motor
vehicle
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201180040325.7A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN103052521A (zh
Inventor
金子悟
伊君高志
森木秀一
伊藤德孝
柳本裕章
菊地彻
小鹰稔生
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Construction Machinery Co Ltd
Publication of CN103052521A publication Critical patent/CN103052521A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103052521B publication Critical patent/CN103052521B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
    • E02F3/36—Component parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/0841—Articulated frame, i.e. having at least one pivot point between two travelling gear units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/08—Superstructures; Supports for superstructures
    • E02F9/0858—Arrangement of component parts installed on superstructures not otherwise provided for, e.g. electric components, fenders, air-conditioning units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062—Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2075—Control of propulsion units of the hybrid type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058—Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2087—Control of vehicle steering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/04—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
    • B60K17/043—Transmission unit disposed in on near the vehicle wheel, or between the differential gear unit and the wheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60W2300/17—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60W2300/50—Tilting frame vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/40—Special vehicles
    • B60Y2200/41—Construction vehicles, e.g. graders, excavators
    • B60Y2200/415—Wheel loaders
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种混合动力作业车辆，其能够通过简单的结构，车辆安装性优良并且高效率地传递动力。具备：引擎（1）；通过该引擎驱动的油压泵（4）；配置在车辆前方，以油压泵作为驱动源进行作业的作业装置（5）；通过引擎的旋转力发电的电动机/发电机（6）；通过由该电动机/发电机发出的电力对车轮进行旋转驱动来使车辆行驶的行驶驱动装置，并且在经由中心关节（15）使车辆弯折的同时进行转向，该混合动力作业车辆构成为，行驶驱动装置具备：多个电动机（21、22）；与这些多个电动机联结，将来自多个电动机的动力传递到车轮的推进轴（8），其中，隔着中心关节前后分开配置多个电动机。

Description

混合动力作业车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力作业车辆，特别适合于在经由中心关节使车辆弯折的同时进行转向的铰接式的混合动力作业车辆。
背景技术
近年来，从环境问题、原油提价等方面出发，对各工业产品的节能意向提高了。目前在以柴油机的油压驱动***为中心的建筑车辆、作业用车辆等领域中也有这样的倾向，基于电动化的高效率化、节能化的事例逐渐增加。
例如在建筑机械等中，对车辆的驱动部分进行电动化、即将动力源设为电动机的情况下，除了废气的减少以外，还能够期待引擎的高效率驱动（混合动力）、动力传递效率的提高、再生电力的回收等许多节能效果。另外，在上述建筑车辆、作业用车辆等领域中，叉车的电动化最先进，使用电池的电力驱动电动机的“电池叉车”领先于其他车辆被实用化。进而，最近在油压挖掘机、引擎式叉车等中，开始对组合了柴油机和电动机的“混合动力车辆”进行产品化。
在此，在正在进行基于电动化的环境对应、节能化的建筑机械、作业用车辆中，在混合动力化的情况下可以期待较大的燃料费用降低效果的车辆中有轮式装载机。现有的轮式装载机例如如图10所示，是以下的作业用车辆，即具有行驶部（轮部分）、前端的油压作业部（起重机/翻斗部分），通过转矩变换器（以下记载为转矩变换器）2和变速器（T/M）3将引擎1的动力传递到轮胎来进行行驶，同时通过以油压泵4作为驱动源的前端部的油压作业装置5的翻斗部分对砂土等进行搬运。这样，现在最常用的轮式装载机在动力源中只使用引擎，通过转矩变换器2和变速器（T/M）3驱动行驶，通过油压泵4驱动前端的油压作业部。
在对上述现有的轮式装载机的行驶驱动部分进行电动化的情况下，能够将转矩变换器2、变速器3部分的传递效率提高到基于电的传递效率。进而，在轮式装载机中，在作业中频繁地重复进行发动、停止的行驶动作，因此通过对上述行驶驱动部分进行电动化，能够将以前作为机械制动的热损失而排出的制动时的能量作为再生电力来回收、再利用。
如以上那样，如果对现有的轮式装载机的驱动装置的一部分实施电动化来混合动力化，则据说一般能够将燃料消耗量降低百分之几十左右。在实现该混合动力化时可以考虑若干种结构。首先，如果包含一般的汽车来考虑，则混合机种中大致有2种类型，它们大致分为并联混合型和串联混合型。其中，串联混合型是以下的形式，即引擎和电动机的动力传递路径串联连接，即通过引擎的动力来驱动发电机，通过该发电电力来驱动电动机。与此相对，并联混合型是以下的形式，即同时使用引擎和电池或大容量电容的蓄电装置，通过电动机的动力直接机械地对引擎的动力进行辅助。
在此，通过电动机进行辅助的引擎动力的传递方式采用了各种方式，例如与现有的轮式装载机的行驶部分同样地使用了组合转矩变换器、变速器（T/M）的方式、或一般称为HST的基于油压驱动装置的方式。另外，最近作为能够机械地最有效率地传递引擎的动力的方式，还提出了组合行星齿轮和电动机来进行电气变速的结构。在这样在混合机中考虑各种***结构，在汽车、建筑机械中实施混合动力化的情况下，需要与其作业/动作内容、设备规格等匹配地准备最佳的混合动力结构。
其中，本发明中作为对象的作业车辆（轮式装载机、自卸卡车等）除了行驶所需要的动力以外，还通过引擎负担占比较大的动力比例的来自前端的油压作业装置的要求动力，因此，可以认为在上述的并联混合动力***中，基于电动机的辅助方法比较复杂，并且可以认为应用在一般的汽车中还没有太普及的串联混合型也是有效的。
在此，图11表示将一般的串联混合动力***应用于轮式装载机的情况的结构例子。图11所示的结构例子是对轮式装载机的驱动部中的行驶部进行电动化所得的混合动力结构，在引擎1的输出轴上安装有电动机/发电机（M/G）6、对其进行控制的逆变器7、安装在行驶部的输出轴（推进轴）8上的行驶用电动机9、对其控制的逆变器10。另外，蓄电装置11经由DCDC变换器12与逆变器7、10电连接，在这些电力变换器之间进行直流电力的收发。特别在图11的例子中，将蓄电装置11记载为双电层电容器，通过DCDC变换器12进行电容电压的升降压控制，与电力的逆变器7、10进行直流电力的往来。
在图11所示的混合动力轮式装载机中，也与图10的现有机同样地，具有向进行砂土等的挖掘作业的前端的油压作业装置5供给油的油压泵4，实施与目的对应的作业。与此相对，车辆的行驶主要利用基于引擎1的动力而通过电动机/发电机（M/G）6发电的电力，通过行驶用电动机9对车辆进行行驶驱动。在图10的现有机中，转矩变换器2的损失大，但通过如图11所示那样对该部分进行电动化，预测到动力传递效率的改善。另外，在行驶时，在蓄电装置11中，对在车辆制动时产生的再生电力进行吸收、对引擎1进行动力（转矩）辅助，能够有助于降低车辆的消耗能量。
但是，在轮式装载机是图11所示那样的混合动力***的情况下，考虑以下的问题点。在此，在图12中表示轮式装载机所要求的行驶驱动性能的一个例子。轮式装载机一般在进行4轮车轮行驶的同时实施砂土等的搬运作业、以及铲入天然地面的挖掘作业，因此在停止或极低速时需要大的驱动力，进而在高速侧，甚至以30～40km/h左右的车速行驶。由此，如图12所示，在轮式装载机中，与一般工业用的电动机所要求的动作范围有很大差异，要求宽动作范围的行驶驱动性能。在希望在图11所示那样的通过一个行驶用电动机9来行驶的混合动力***中实现这样的行驶驱动性能的情况下，只通过行驶用电动机9驱动低速的大转矩和高速旋转区域的双方，因此电动机需要所要求的输出的大致成倍左右的容量。可以认为如果是相对于实际要求的性能具有成倍左右的容量的电动机，则非常难以安装在车辆中。
因此，为了解决上述问题，将行驶驱动用的电动机分为多个来安装是有效的方法。作为与使用了2台电动机的作业机械有关的技术，例如在专利文献1中揭示了一种具备行驶体和作业机的行驶作业机械，其特征在于，具备：第一电动机；第二电动机；转矩分配传递机构，其输入第一电动机和第二电动机的驱动转矩，将第一电动机和第二电动机的驱动转矩分配传递到行驶体的驱动轴和作业机的驱动轴。由此记载了以下的内容，即在以电动机为驱动源使行驶作业机械的行驶体、作业机动作时，通过减小电动机的容量的总和，并且简化用于将电动机的驱动力分配到各驱动轴的结构、控制内容，能够降低装置成本，并且提高能量效率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2006-205777号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
但是，在上述技术记载的行驶作业机械中，一边在2个电动机中分配作业用油压泵的动力和行驶部的动力一边运转，因此需要进行控制以便与机械的动作模式对应地随时重复进行动力分配，实现它的控制内容与之相应地变得复杂。进而，在该行驶作业机械通过引擎的动力驱动发电机，通过发电所得的电力驱动电动机的混合机的情况下，相对于现有的作业机，传递效率有可能降低。
因此，本发明的目的在于：提供一种混合动力作业车辆，在轮式装载机这样的在通过4轮的轮胎进行行驶的同时通过前端的油压作业装置进行作业的轮式作业车辆中，能够通过简单的结构，车辆安装性优良并且高效地传递动力。
用于解决课题的手段
为了达到上述目的，本发明是一种混合动力作业车辆（例如铰接型的轮式装载机、自卸卡车），具备：引擎；通过该引擎驱动的油压泵；配置在车辆前方，以上述油压泵为驱动源进行作业的作业装置；通过上述引擎的旋转力发电的电动机/发电机；通过由该电动机/发电机发出的电力对车轮进行旋转驱动来使车辆行驶的行驶驱动装置，并且在经由中心关节使上述车辆弯折的同时进行转向，其特征在于，上述行驶驱动装置具备：多个电动机；与这些多个电动机联结，将来自上述多个电动机的动力传递到上述车轮的推进轴，隔着上述中心关节前后分开地配置上述多个电动机。
根据本发明，能够通过多个电动机满足作业车辆所需要的宽范围的行驶驱动性能，因此与通过一个电动机满足宽范围的行驶驱动性能相比，能够使各个电动机小型化，容易安装到车辆中。进而，在本发明中，前后分开地隔着中心关节配置多个电动机，因此与隔着中心关节将多个电动机一起配置在一侧的情况相比，车辆的重量平衡好，不需要为了将电动机安装到车辆中而进行设计变更。进而，在本发明中，只要将多个电动机分开安装在现有的作业车辆的中心关节前后的空间中即可。当然，本发明使用多个电动机作为动力源，因此，与只使用引擎作为动力源的现有的作业车辆相比，能够高效地传递动力。
另外，本发明的特征在于，在上述结构中，上述多个电动机包括：具有能够从低速区域到高速区域输出转矩的特性的高速型电动机；具有与该高速型电动机相比低速区域中的转矩大而高速区域中的转矩小的特性的低速型电动机，将上述低速型电动机配置在上述中心关节的后方侧，将上述高速型电动机配置在上述中心关节的前方侧。
在具有上述特性的高速型电动机和低速型电动机中，一般低速型电动机是大型的。在此，在车辆前方具备作业装置的作业车辆中，为了取得车辆的平衡，一般设置有配重，但是在本发明中，将高速型电动机配置在中心关节的前方侧，将比高速型电动机大的低速型电动机配置在后方侧，因此，具有能够将低速型电动机的重量作为配重的一部分而利用的优点。
另外，本发明的高速型电动机具有能够从低速区域到高速区域输出转矩的特性，而换一种说法，主要具有车辆的高速行驶所要求的行驶驱动性能。另外，本发明的低速型电动机具有与高速型电动机相比低速区域中的转矩大而高速区域中的转矩小的特性，而换一种说法，主要具有作业装置作业时所要求的行驶驱动性能。
另外，本发明的特征在于，在上述结构中，上述行驶驱动装置根据来自上述车辆的行驶输出要求值、上述多个电动机的各效率表，决定上述多个电动机各自的转矩，使得上述多个电动机的综合效率成为最高效率附近的特性。根据本发明，能够通过简单的控制更高效地传递动力。
另外，本发明的特征在于，在上述结构中，使用永磁同步电动机作为上述低速型电动机，上述永磁同步电动机的输出轴经由离合器与上述推进轴联结，在上述永磁同步电动机成为拖曳旋转状态的高速区域中，上述离合器释放，将上述永磁同步电动机的输出轴从上述推进轴机械地分离。根据本发明，能够避免拖曳旋转，降低高速行驶时的多余的损失的发生。
另外，本发明的特征在于，在上述结构中，上述低速型电动机由将按照预定的齿轮比构成的减速机与上述高速型电动机组合所得的结构构成。根据本发明，能够使低速型电动机小型化。
另外，本发明的特征在于，在上述结构中，上述电动机/发电机在上述引擎的前方被配置在同轴上，配置在上述中心关节的后方的上述电动机被配置在上述电动机/发电机的下方。根据本发明，能够直接利用现有的只通过引擎驱动的作业车辆中的设置转矩变换器和变速器的空间来配置电动机/发电机和电动机，因此不需要为了设置这些装置而进行设计变更，更容易地安装到车辆中。
发明效果
根据本发明，提供一种安装了混合动力***的混合动力作业车辆，在通过4轮的轮胎行驶的同时通过前端的油压作业装置进行作业的轮式装载机、自卸卡车等作业车辆中，能够通过简单的结构，车辆安装性优良并且高效地传递动力。
附图说明
图1是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的使用了2台行驶用电动机的轮式装载机的混合动力***的图。
图2是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的使用了高速型和低速型的2台行驶用电动机的轮式装载机的混合动力结构的图。
图3是表示高速型和低速型的2台行驶用电动机的N-T特性的图。
图4是表示混合动力轮式装载机的控制器结构的图。
图5是表示决定行驶用电动机的转矩的部分的模块线图的图。
图6是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的在行驶用电动机中使用了高速型和低速型的2台感应电机的轮式装载机的混合动力结构的图。
图7是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的为了行驶而使用了高速型和低速型的2台永磁同步电动机的轮式装载机的混合动力结构的图。
图8是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的为了行驶而使用了高速型的感应电机和低速型的永磁同步电动机的轮式装载机的混合动力结构的图。
图9是表示作为本发明的一个实施例的为了行驶而使用了2台高速型感应电机的轮式装载机的混合动力结构的图。
图10是表示现有的转矩变换器方式的轮式装载机驱动***结构的图。
图11是表示行驶串联型的混合动力驱动装置的结构例子的图。
图12是表示轮式装载机的行驶性能例子的图。
图13是本发明的一个实施例的轮式装载机的侧面图。
具体实施方式
以下，作为本发明的混合动力作业车辆的一个实施方式，举例说明混合动力轮式装载机。首先，在图1中表示具备2台行驶用电动机（电动机）21、22的混合动力轮式装载机的结构。图1所示的轮式装载机是串联混合型的轮式装载机，构成为通过驱动引擎1而由电动机/发电机6发电所得的电力使行驶用电动机21、22旋转，通过该旋转对4个车轮13进行旋转驱动，使车辆行驶的结构。具体地说，在图1所示的混合动力***中，将行驶用电动机21、22配置在推进轴8的轴上或其附近来构成行驶驱动装置。如果行驶用电动机21、22旋转，则其动力传递到推进轴8，经由差动齿轮（Dif）和齿轮（G）对车轮13进行旋转驱动。
进而，本实施例的轮式装载机是在车辆的中心附近弯折而成为转向装置的铰接型的车辆，在推进轴8的中间弯折部分组装有中心关节（CJ）15（图1），并且具有该中心关节的前侧的前框架50和后侧的后框架60（参照图13）。另外，隔着中心关节（CJ）15在前后的推进轴8上，作为行驶用电动机分别配置有电动机（M1）21、电动机（M2）22。例如将安装在车体的前方侧的电动机（M1）21设置在布局有富余的前框架50侧，将安装在车体的后方侧的电动机（M2）22设置在后框架60侧。另外，在将行驶用电动机21、22配置在推进轴8的轴上的情况下，可以使用中空构造的行驶用电动机21、22，将推进轴8***到该中空部分中，由此将行驶用电动机和推进轴联结起来。在将行驶用电动机21、22配置在推进轴8的轴附近的情况下，可以通过齿轮等将行驶用电动机21、22的轴和推进轴8联结起来。
另外，如果驱动引擎1，则油压泵4动作，从该油压泵4向油压作业装置（作业装置）5供给压油。供给油压作业装置5的压油经由控制阀C/V被供给翻斗、起重机、转向装置，通过从未图示的驾驶室由操作员对操纵杆等进行操作，翻斗、起重机、转向装置能够进行预定的动作。
这样，图1所示的混合动力轮式装载机，在将2台行驶用电动机21、22的输出轴机械地连接起来的状态下分配车辆所要求的动力来进行驱动，因此，行驶用电动机21、22与由一台电动机构成时相比，能够用容量小的电动机构成。其结果是与用一台行驶用电动机构成的情况相比，能够构成为减小设置在后框架60侧的电动机（M2）22的大小，提高向车辆的安装性（布局的自由度）。在此，在将2台行驶用电动机21、22设为相同规格的电动机的情况下，2个电动机21、22如图1所示通过推进轴8机械地连接，因此，各自输出从车辆要求的动力的1/2即可。
进而，上述2台行驶用电动机，如图3所示那样由各自的驱动特性不同的电动机构成，由此能够最佳地构成各行驶用电动机的容量，并且对于车辆所要求的行驶动力，能够以最高的电动机效率输出转矩。例如，中心关节15前方的行驶用电动机21如图3的N-T特性所示那样，使用具有虽然无法在低速区域输出大的转矩、但能够驱动到高速旋转的特性（M1特性，图3中的实线）的高速型电动机，相反，中心关节15后方的行驶用电动机22同样如图3的N-T特性所示那样，使用具有无法输出转矩到高速旋转、但在低速区域能够输出大的转矩的特性（M2特性，图3中的虚线）的低速型电动机。在这样的情况下，如图3所示，特性不同的各电动机能够高效率地驱动的动作区域是不同的，因此，能够在车辆所要求的动力性能宽的范围中高效率地进行电动机驱动。
图2表示安装了2台特性不同的电动机的混合动力轮式装载机的结构例子。行驶用电动机21是高速型电动机，行驶用电动机22是低速型电动机。另外，行驶用电动机22比行驶用电动机21大，为了表示这一点，在图2中表示行驶用电动机22的圆比表示行驶用电动机21的圆大。
在此，表示上述由2台行驶用电动机构成的混合动力***中的各行驶用电动机的转矩决定方法的一个例子。在图4中表示控制本混合动力轮式装载机的控制器的结构例子。图4的控制器被安装在行驶驱动装置中。在该控制器中具备管理车辆全体的能量的混合动力控制装置25，通过该混合动力控制装置25决定在各部件中以怎样的输出进行驱动。图4的各控制装置（26～30）依照来自混合动力控制装置25的与输出有关的指令值，控制各部件。图5表示通过这样的控制器的结构决定图2所示的混合动力***的各行驶用电动机的转矩的方法。
在图5所示的各行驶用电动机的转矩决定方法中，首先，输入与来自操作员的操作指令相当的加速信号、制动信号、前进后退SW信号、当前的车辆行驶速度等，在车辆行驶输出计算31中，计算从车辆要求的行驶输出指令。另外，将此处计算的状态量记载为输出（功率），但一般已经能够检测出车辆的行驶速度（电动机的转速），因此也可以变换为转矩的状态量来计算。进而，针对计算出的行驶输出指令，在行驶用电动机转矩计算32中，分别计算行驶用电动机（M1）21和行驶用电动机（M2）22所要求的转矩。这时，如果对行驶用电动机（M1）21和行驶用电动机（M2）22各自的要求转矩进行合计，则成为上述的与车辆所要求的行驶输出指令相当的转矩值。
在此，在行驶用电动机转矩计算32中，在内部具有行驶用电动机（M1）21和行驶用电动机（M2）22的效率数据表，根据该效率数据表，决定相对于行驶输出指令成为最高电动机效率的转矩的分配。另外，在最终作为转矩指令向行驶用电动机（M1）21用的逆变器控制装置28和行驶用电动机（M2）22用的逆变器控制装置29输出时，在限制器33中根据混合动力***和车辆的限制事项实施转矩限制处理，设为M1转矩指令、M2转矩指令。各M1、M2用逆变器控制装置28、29根据上述M1转矩指令、M2转矩指令，驱动行驶用电动机（M1）21和行驶用电动机（M2）22，进行车辆的行驶动作。
如以上那样，在本实施例中，使用特性不同的2个行驶用电动机21、22，针对车辆要求进行转矩的分配使得电动机的效率最高，因此能够使各行驶用电动机成为最佳的容量，能够实现驱动装置的小型化、高效率化。
另外，在以上的情况下，使用了特性不同的2个电动机，因此认为在低速侧输出大转矩的电动机的重量比另一个高速型电动机大。对此，在一般的建筑机械车辆中，由于通过设置车辆前方的翻斗等油压作业装置（作业装置）5实施重物搬送等各种作业的关系，在车辆后方安装有用于取得平衡的配重。因此，在图2所示的混合动力***的结构中，理想的是在油压作业装置5的相反方向、即车辆的后方安装成为重物的在低速侧输出大转矩的电动机。特别地通过转向操作使车辆中间弯折的中心关节15位于推进轴8上，因此将在低速侧输出大转矩的行驶用电动机22安装在该中心关节15的后方。
另外，上述2台行驶用电动机对种类并没有特别限制，例如如图6所示，可以都用感应电机来构成2台行驶用电动机21a、22a。在该情况下，也将高速型感应电机（IM1）21a设置在中心关节15的前方，另外将低速型感应电机（IM2）22a设置在中心关节15的后方。这时，行驶用电动机21a的效率特性为图3所示的M1特性，行驶用电动机22a的效率特性为图3所示的M2特性。假设在通过图6所示的混合动力结构进行高速行驶的情况下，低速型感应电机（IM2）22a成为拖曳旋转动作，但符号22a是感应电机，因此通过停止电动机的励磁，能够成为损失少的拖曳旋转动作。根据以上说明，如果对安装在混合动力轮式装载机中的行驶用电动机使用感应电机，则控制简化、高速行驶中的损失少，因此可以说是适合的。
但是，一般感应电机相对于输出其体积比较大，因此最近出现了代替感应电机而使用永磁同步电动机的倾向。在本实施例中，也能够使用永磁同步电动机来构成混合动力***。图7表示使用了永磁同步电动机的情况下的混合动力结构。在该实施例中，也将高速型同步电机（SM1）21b设置在中心关节15的前方，将低速型同步电机（SM2）22b设置中心关节15的后方。这时，行驶用电动机21b的效率特性为图3的M1特性，行驶用电动机22b的效率特性为图3所示的M2特性。在这样将行驶用电动机设为永磁同步电动机的情况下，与安装了感应电机的情况相比，能够使行驶用电动机小型化。
但是，在对行驶用电动机使用永磁同步电动机的情况下，由于电动机所具有的永磁铁，在进行高速行驶的情况下，为了抑制因永磁铁造成的感应电压的产生，需要流过弱的励磁电流。由此，认为在高速行驶动作中，从拖曳旋转的低速型同步电机（SM2）22b产生相应量的损失。为了抑制这样的多余的损失，如图7所示，在低速型同步电机22b和推进轴8之间设置离合器40，在高速行驶时的拖曳旋转时释放离合器40的连接。这样，低速型同步电机22b的输出轴与推进轴8的连接被机械地分离。由此，在图7所示的混合动力轮式装载机的结构中，也能够不产生高速行驶时的多余损失地继续动作。
但是，图7所示的离合器40只是断开行驶用电动机22b的输出轴的传递，车轴自身还是保持联结的4轮驱动的结构。另外，在图6的混合动力结构和图7的混合动力结构中，记载为分别在各结构中，2台行驶用电动机分别使用同一种类，但也可以混合使用感应电机和永磁同步电动机。如上述那样，通常感应电机在高速区域损失小，永磁同步电动机在低速区域效率高、能够输出大转矩，因此，通过用感应电机（IM1）21a构成配置在车辆前方的高速型，用同步电机（SM2）22b构成配置在车辆后方的低速型来实现。图8表示该混合动力结构。
另外，作为其他实施例，以下说明用相同特性的电动机构成2台电动机的实施例。图9表示该结构。在本实施例中，是在车辆前部和车辆后部都配置高速型感应电机（IM1）21a、21b的混合动力***。在这样将2台行驶用电动机设为具有相同特性的电动机的情况下，如图9所示，针对车辆后部的高速型感应电机（IM1）21b，经由减速机41与推进轴8的轴连接。以前，是能够在高速区域中产生转矩的高速型感应电机（IM1）21b，但为了在低速区域中产生大转矩，使用减速机41来增大向推进轴8传递的转矩。通过这样使用减速机41，能够对2台行驶用电动机使用具有相同特性的电动机。由此，能够使通常具有大型化倾向的低速型电动机小型化。
另外，能够通过上述的图5的控制结构来实现本实施例中的各行驶用电动机的转矩决定方法。在该情况下，车辆后部的行驶用电动机的转速相应于减速机41的变速比来加速，因此，在图5的行驶用电动机转矩计算32中，需要与车辆前部的行驶用电动机的转速一起，还输入车辆后部的行驶用电动机的实际转速。
另外，构成上述的实施例中所述的混合动力***的电动机/发电机（M/G）6能够配置在和与现有的转矩变换器驱动车的转矩变换器2的位置（参照图10）相当的引擎1相同的轴上。进而，车辆后方的行驶用电动机能够安装在其下部方向、即转矩变换器驱动车的变速器3的位置（参照图10），能够适当地配置混合动力***所需要的电气部件。另外，当然也能够将上述实施例的结构应用于混合动力自卸卡车中。
符号说明
1：引擎；2：转矩变换器；3：变速器（T/M）；4：油压泵；5：油压作业装置（作业装置）；6：电动机/发电机（M/G）；7：逆变器；8：推进轴；9：行驶用电动机；10：逆变器；11：蓄电装置；12：DCDC变换器；13：车轮；15：中心关节（CJ）；21、21a、21b：行驶用电动机（电动机）；22、22a、22b：行驶用电动机（电动机）；25：混合动力控制装置；28：M1用逆变器控制装置；29：M2用逆变器控制装置；31：车辆行驶输出计算；32：行驶用电动机转矩计算；33：限制器；40：离合器；41：减速机。

Claims (7)

1.一种混合动力作业车辆，具备：引擎；通过该引擎驱动的油压泵；配置在车辆前方，以上述油压泵为驱动源来进行作业的作业装置；通过上述引擎的旋转力发电的电动机/发电机；通过由该电动机/发电机发出的电力对车轮进行旋转驱动来使车辆行驶的行驶驱动装置，并且在经由中心关节使上述车辆弯折的同时进行转向，其特征在于，
上述行驶驱动装置具备：多个电动机；与这些多个电动机联结，将来自上述多个电动机的动力传递到上述车轮的推进轴，
上述混合动力作业车辆的前方侧的两轮经由前方侧的差动齿轮与上述推进轴连接，
上述混合动力作业车辆的后方侧的两轮经由后方侧的差动齿轮与上述推进轴连接，将上述多个电动机隔着上述中心关节在前方侧配置一台并且在后方侧配置一台，前方侧的电动机在上述前方侧的差动齿轮与上述中心关节之间的位置与上述推进轴联结，且后方侧的电动机在上述后方侧的差动齿轮与上述中心关节之间的位置与上述推进轴联结；
其中，上述多个电动机包括：具有能够从低速区域到高速区域输出转矩的特性的高速型电动机；具有与该高速型电动机相比低速区域中的转矩大而高速区域中的转矩小的特性的低速型电动机，
将上述低速型电动机配置在上述中心关节的后方侧，将上述高速型电动机配置在上述中心关节的前方侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力作业车辆，其特征在于，
上述行驶驱动装置根据来自上述车辆的行驶输出要求值、上述多个电动机的各效率表，决定上述多个电动机各自的转矩，使得上述多个电动机的综合效率成为最高效率附近的特性。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力作业车辆，其特征在于，
使用永磁同步电动机作为上述低速型电动机，上述永磁同步电动机的输出轴经由离合器与上述推进轴联结，
在上述永磁同步电动机成为拖曳旋转状态的高速区域中，将上述离合器释放，将上述永磁同步电动机的输出轴从上述推进轴机械地分离。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力作业车辆，其特征在于，
上述低速型电动机由将按照预定的齿轮比构成的减速机与上述高速型电动机组合所得的结构构成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力作业车辆，其特征在于，
上述电动机/发电机在上述引擎的前方被配置在同轴上，
配置在上述中心关节的后方的上述电动机，被配置在上述电动机/发电机的下方。
6.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力作业车辆，其特征在于，
上述电动机/发电机在上述引擎的前方被配置在同轴上，
配置在上述中心关节的后方的上述电动机，被配置在上述电动机/发电机的下方。
7.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力作业车辆，其特征在于，
上述电动机/发电机在上述引擎的前方被配置在同轴上，
配置在上述中心关节的后方的上述电动机，被配置在上述电动机/发电机的下方。
CN201180040325.7A 2010-09-17 2011-08-19 混合动力作业车辆 Active CN103052521B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010-209449 2010-09-17
JP2010209449A JP5313986B2 (ja) 2010-09-17 2010-09-17 ハイブリッド作業車両
PCT/JP2011/068786 WO2012035928A1 (ja) 2010-09-17 2011-08-19 ハイブリッド作業車両

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103052521A CN103052521A (zh) 2013-04-17
CN103052521B true CN103052521B (zh) 2016-04-13

Family

ID=45831402

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201180040325.7A Active CN103052521B (zh) 2010-09-17 2011-08-19 混合动力作业车辆

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US9038759B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2617595B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5313986B2 (zh)
KR (2) KR101824853B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN103052521B (zh)
WO (1) WO2012035928A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5559119B2 (ja) * 2011-09-22 2014-07-23 日立建機株式会社 ホイールローダ
US8965609B2 (en) * 2011-12-29 2015-02-24 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electric vehicle
CN104039682B (zh) 2012-01-09 2017-04-12 伊顿公司 用于使用单一输入获得全范围升降速度的方法
EP2832568B1 (en) * 2012-03-28 2019-11-27 Kubota Corporation Hybrid work vehicle
JP2013255366A (ja) * 2012-06-07 2013-12-19 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd 電動式走行車両
JP2014007780A (ja) * 2012-06-21 2014-01-16 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd ハイブリッド式作業車両
JP6014463B2 (ja) 2012-11-07 2016-10-25 日立建機株式会社 作業車両
JP5887288B2 (ja) * 2013-02-04 2016-03-16 日立建機株式会社 ホイールローダ
JP6046577B2 (ja) * 2013-09-06 2016-12-21 トヨタ自動車株式会社 制御装置、および、これを用いた車両
US9067484B2 (en) * 2013-10-23 2015-06-30 Dezhou David Zhao Electric vehicle control systems
US20150197239A1 (en) * 2014-01-14 2015-07-16 Deere & Company Modular powertrain with multiple motors
KR102130179B1 (ko) * 2014-01-16 2020-07-03 두산인프라코어 주식회사 하이브리드 건설기계의 휠 구동장치 및 휠 구동방법
CN106163848A (zh) 2014-01-21 2016-11-23 互动的全电动汽车有限责任公司 电力推动车辆
ES2627329T3 (es) * 2014-04-14 2017-07-27 Iveco France S.A. Vehículo articulado para el transporte de pasajeros con un sistema de accionamiento mejorado.
WO2015171692A1 (en) * 2014-05-06 2015-11-12 Eaton Corporation Hydraulic hybrid propel circuit with hydrostatic option and method of operation
KR102181294B1 (ko) * 2014-05-27 2020-11-20 두산인프라코어 주식회사 건설기계를 위한 휠 구동 시스템
JP6433687B2 (ja) 2014-06-03 2018-12-05 株式会社Kcm ハイブリッド式ホイールローダ
KR101588790B1 (ko) * 2014-07-29 2016-01-26 현대자동차 주식회사 하이브리드 차량의 변속 제어 장치
WO2016069485A1 (en) 2014-10-27 2016-05-06 Eaton Corporation Hydraulic hybrid propel circuit with hydrostatic option and method of operation
CN105502230B (zh) * 2016-01-21 2017-10-27 安徽农业大学 一种混合动力叉车传动***
DE102017119256A1 (de) * 2017-08-23 2019-02-28 Fraport Ag Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide Einsatz- oder Nutzfahrzeug für ein räumlich begrenztes Einsatzgebiet
JP7041398B2 (ja) * 2018-03-20 2022-03-24 マツダ株式会社 車両駆動装置
US11084369B2 (en) * 2019-02-26 2021-08-10 Deere & Company Hybrid transmission module for work vehicles
GB2600354B (en) 2019-08-01 2023-05-31 System73 Ltd Multi-motor switching system and method for optimized performance
US11524676B2 (en) 2019-11-22 2022-12-13 Shem, Llc System and method for two step motor for electric vehicle (EV) truck and commercial vehicle applications
DE102020207831A1 (de) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben eines elektrischen Antriebsstrangs einer Arbeitsmaschine, elektrischer Antriebsstrang für eine Arbeitsmaschine und Arbeitsmaschine
US11498548B2 (en) 2020-11-02 2022-11-15 Deere & Company Intelligent hybrid powertrain systems for combine harvesters
US20220379872A1 (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-12-01 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Electrified vehicle control with distribution of powertrain torque to secondary axle

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101305136A (zh) * 2005-10-14 2008-11-12 沃尔沃建筑设备公司 作业机械

Family Cites Families (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2600897A (en) * 1949-04-08 1952-06-17 Berton M Mathias Drive motor control for engine electric driven vehicles
US3334702A (en) * 1964-12-14 1967-08-08 Int Harvester Co Four wheel drive articulated vehicle with means to transfer power between the wheels
JPS5871223A (ja) 1981-10-22 1983-04-27 Hino Motors Ltd 動力可変式自動車
JP3206038B2 (ja) 1991-10-21 2001-09-04 株式会社日立製作所 電気自動車の制御装置
US5586613A (en) * 1993-04-22 1996-12-24 The Texas A&M University System Electrically peaking hybrid system and method
JPH07250403A (ja) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-26 Mazda Motor Corp 電気車の制御装置
JP3673863B2 (ja) * 1997-09-30 2005-07-20 富士重工業株式会社 ハイブリッド自動車の駆動装置
JP3295046B2 (ja) * 1998-12-21 2002-06-24 ティー・シー・エム株式会社 駆動装置内蔵車輪式車両
JP2001103605A (ja) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-13 Tcm Corp 電動走行式産業用車両
JP3539358B2 (ja) * 2000-06-09 2004-07-07 日産自動車株式会社 車両の駆動力制御装置
JP3652223B2 (ja) * 2000-07-18 2005-05-25 Ｔｃｍ株式会社 電動走行式産業用車両
JP2002046494A (ja) * 2000-08-04 2002-02-12 Tcm Corp 産業用車両
US7379797B2 (en) * 2001-01-31 2008-05-27 Oshkosh Truck Corporation System and method for braking in an electric vehicle
JP2002315105A (ja) * 2001-04-12 2002-10-25 Komatsu Ltd ホイールローダ
JP3961281B2 (ja) * 2001-12-25 2007-08-22 富士重工業株式会社 自動車の差動機構
JP2003284208A (ja) * 2002-03-22 2003-10-03 Tcm Corp 電気式荷役車両
JP3874347B2 (ja) 2002-04-19 2007-01-31 株式会社ジェイテクト 四輪駆動車両
US7520354B2 (en) * 2002-05-02 2009-04-21 Oshkosh Truck Corporation Hybrid vehicle with combustion engine/electric motor drive
US6880651B2 (en) * 2003-05-14 2005-04-19 Singapore Technologies Kinetics Ltd. Articulated vehicle, an articulation device and a drive transmission
JP4386256B2 (ja) * 2003-10-28 2009-12-16 日立建機株式会社 ハイブリッド式建設車両
US7469761B2 (en) * 2004-06-28 2008-12-30 Caterpillar Inc. Continuously variable transmission system with power boost
US7325636B2 (en) * 2004-08-30 2008-02-05 Caterpillar Inc. Front-wheel drive steering compensation method and system
JP4764018B2 (ja) 2005-01-25 2011-08-31 株式会社小松製作所 走行作業機械
US7441623B2 (en) * 2005-02-28 2008-10-28 Caterpillar Inc. Multi-motor drive system for a work machine
US7950481B2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2011-05-31 Caterpillar Inc. Electric powertrain for machine
US20080223631A1 (en) * 2005-10-14 2008-09-18 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab Working Machine
JP4967314B2 (ja) * 2005-11-09 2012-07-04 トヨタ自動車株式会社 駆動装置
EP1985487B1 (en) * 2007-04-24 2018-08-08 Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg. Co., Ltd. Riding lawn mower
JP2008263920A (ja) * 2007-04-24 2008-11-06 Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg Co Ltd 乗用型芝刈り車両
US9242633B2 (en) * 2007-05-10 2016-01-26 Volvo Construction Equipment Ab Method and a control system for controlling a work machine
JP5248896B2 (ja) * 2008-03-31 2013-07-31 株式会社小松製作所 走行作業車両
US8075435B2 (en) * 2008-08-22 2011-12-13 Caterpillar Inc. Dual mode input split compound split configuration EPPV transmission
CN102224046B (zh) * 2008-11-21 2014-11-12 沃尔沃建筑设备公司 踏板映射转换
JP5220679B2 (ja) * 2009-04-20 2013-06-26 住友重機械工業株式会社 ハイブリッド型作業機械及びハイブリッド型作業機械の制御方法
US8672069B2 (en) * 2009-08-25 2014-03-18 Deere & Company Hybrid vehicle with multiple electric drive systems
US8626368B2 (en) * 2010-09-07 2014-01-07 Caterpillar Inc. Electric drive power response management system and method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101305136A (zh) * 2005-10-14 2008-11-12 沃尔沃建筑设备公司 作业机械

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR101755069B1 (ko) 2017-07-06
US20130149093A1 (en) 2013-06-13
JP5313986B2 (ja) 2013-10-09
KR20130097727A (ko) 2013-09-03
JP2012062003A (ja) 2012-03-29
WO2012035928A1 (ja) 2012-03-22
CN103052521A (zh) 2013-04-17
KR20170055561A (ko) 2017-05-19
US9038759B2 (en) 2015-05-26
EP2617595B1 (en) 2018-01-24
KR101824853B1 (ko) 2018-02-01
EP2617595A1 (en) 2013-07-24
EP2617595A4 (en) 2016-10-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103052521B (zh) 混合动力作业车辆
US10669694B2 (en) Electric drive of mobile apparatus
US7950481B2 (en) Electric powertrain for machine
US8702560B2 (en) Construction machine
EP2427357B1 (en) A working machine and a method for operating a working machine
KR20080098060A (ko) 작업 차량
US8914177B2 (en) Hybrid wheel loader
CN106458208B (zh) 混合动力式作业车辆
CN103481766B (zh) 一种电动汽车的驱动***和方法
CN103434389A (zh) 具有直驶助力机构的履带车辆电传动装置
CN105799501A (zh) 分离轴式双动力混合的工程车
JP5848727B2 (ja) ハイブリッドホイールローダ
WO2012078168A1 (en) Hybrid tandem drive axle of a truck vehicle
JP2008221921A (ja) ハイブリッド車両
KR20140034547A (ko) 연비성능 향상을 위한 하이브리드 지게차 시스템
CN102398513A (zh) 基于电动轮驱动的多轴汽车
CN212022286U (zh) 一种新能源工程车的功能附件集成***及新能源工程车
JP2001008310A (ja) ホイール式建設機械の走行駆動装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20170302

Address after: Hyogo

Patentee after: KCM K. K.

Address before: Tokyo, Japan, Japan

Patentee before: Hitach Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.

TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20190830

Address after: Tokyo, Japan, Japan

Patentee after: Hitach Construction Machinery Co., Ltd.

Address before: Hyogo

Patentee before: KCM K. K.

TR01 Transfer of patent right