CN103048114A - Testing device and method for three-dimensional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) internal flow field testing system of hydraulic retarder - Google Patents
Testing device and method for three-dimensional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) internal flow field testing system of hydraulic retarder Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a testing device and a testing method for a three-dimensional PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) internal flow field testing system of a hydraulic retarder. The testing device comprises a driving motor, a transmission case, a pneumatic clutch, a flywheel case, a torsion and rotating speed sensor, a braking shaft, a visualized hydraulic retarder, a visualized testing chamber, a circular guide rail, a synchronizer, a double-pulse laser, CCD (Charge Coupled Device) cameras, a water storage tank, a water pump, a pressure inductor, a pressure reducer, a particle dispenser, an electromagnetic flowmeter and the like; the visualized testing chamber is made of a transparent material and is suitable for an aqueous medium; the braking shaft is driven by an external driving system, is supported by a bearing, passes through a shell of the hydraulic retarder and is connected with a driving wheel of the retarder; the first CCD camera is arranged at the top of the visualized testing chamber and is used for shooting downwards; the second CCD camera and the double-pulse laser are arranged on the circular guide rail and can arbitrarily rotate along the guide rail; and the circular guide rail and the visualized testing chamber are respectively fixed on the base. The testing device and the method disclosed by the invention can be used for carrying out three-dimensional PIV measurement on the internal flow field of the hydraulic retarder and is simple and compact in structure, good in universality and easy to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the three-dimensional PIV test macro test unit of a kind of hydraulic retarder flow field and method.
Background technology
Hydraulic retarder has been applied on the large and medium-sized vehicle as a kind of complemental brake system.Hydraulic retarder mainly is comprised of parts such as housing, heat exchanger, stator impeller, mover impeller, splined shaft, controllers.This device drives the fluid power rotation and impacts stator by mover, and this moment, stator also can produce reaction force acts in mover by fluid power, rotated thereby hinder rotor, realized contactless braking, was a kind of high-end retarder product.
The hydraulic retarder interior flow field is complicated three-dimensional flow, because the three-dimensional flow theory is still immature, can not be used for the interior flow field of hydraulic retarder is calculated accurately and analyzes.At present, mainly be by Fluid Mechanics Computation (Computational Fluid Dynamics is called for short CFD) numerical simulation for the hydraulic retarder performance study both at home and abroad, flow field is studied.But the flow field analysis of using at present CFD to carry out is carried out under many simplified conditions, the Steady state hypothesis of doing has only reflected the static characteristics of element, the model of numerical simulation is complete not enough, CFD analyzes the numerical simulation that still is confined to authenticate forward character, and the maturation of failing is applied on the hydrodynamic unit parameter optimization.Therefore, directly the analysis of experiments for three-dimensional flow field has great importance, and flow-field test and numerical simulation complement each other, thereby needs design one cover to be used for the test unit of hydraulic retarder flow field three-dimensional character test.
Summary of the invention
For the characteristics of hydraulic retarder and PIV measuring technology, in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide the three-dimensional PIV test macro test unit of a kind of hydraulic retarder flow field and method.
The three-dimensional PIV test macro of a kind of hydraulic retarder flow field test unit, it comprises visual hydraulic retarder system, water circulation system, PIV test macro; Visual hydraulic retarder system comprises drive motor, wheel box, pneumatic clutch, inertial flywheel case, rotary speed torque sensor, Visualization case, the hydraulic retarder that links to each other in turn, described Visualization case adopts transparent material to make, standard interface with fixed wheel that the visual model machine of hydraulic retarder is installed, driving wheel, housing, the suitable water medium, brake shaft is passed the hydraulic retarder housing and is connected with driving wheel by bearings; Water circulation system comprises reserve tank, water pump, pressure indicator, decompressor, trace particle dispenser, the flowmeter that links to each other in turn; The PIV test macro comprises circular guideway, a CCD camera, the 2nd CCD camera, computing machine, double-pulse laser device, synchronizer, described double-pulse laser device institute light emitting source is sheet light, be installed on the circular guideway, the one CCD camera is installed on the Visualization box top, take downwards, be used for measuring flow field string surface information, the 2nd CCD camera is installed on the circular guideway, can rotate along guide rail, keep central axis and the double-pulse laser device sheet optical plane of the 2nd CCD camera perpendicular, be used for measuring flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face.
The concrete operation method of the three-dimensional PIV test macro of a kind of described hydraulic retarder flow field test unit is as follows, when flow field being carried out three-dimensional PIV measurement:
1) regulates double-pulse laser device sheet light, make it to be parallel to flow field string face, adjustment is installed on a CCD camera at chamber top, make it axis perpendicular to the string face, when hydraulic retarder enters damped condition, when trace particle enters the speed reduction unit working chamber with current, synchronizer is controlled described double-pulse laser device and a CCD camera synchronization job, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the one CCD camera stream field carries out Taking Pictures recording, utilize computing machine PIV analysis software that taking the photograph image is processed, measure flow field instantaneous velocity field data, obtain flow field string face data;
2) regulate the double-pulse laser device, the sheet light that makes it to produce is perpendicular to the string face, it is vertical with laser instrument sheet optical plane that the 2nd CCD camera on the adjustment circular guideway makes it central axis, double-pulse laser device and the 2nd CCD camera lay respectively at two places of circular guideway, laser instrument sheet light is perpendicular to the string face, the 2nd CCD camera axis line parallel is in wing coordinate axis, vertical with the sheet optical plane, control double-pulse laser device and the work of the 2nd CCD camera synchronization, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the 2nd CCD camera stream field Taking Pictures recording is measured when the starting section information of flow;
3) regulate the double-pulse laser device and turn over certain angle θ along circular guideway, the sheet optical plane is still perpendicular to the string face, adjust the 2nd CCD camera and turn over equal angular θ along the circular guideway equidirectional, the 2nd CCD camera axis keeps vertical with laser instrument sheet optical plane, control double-pulse laser device and the work of the 2nd CCD camera synchronization, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the 2nd CCD camera stream field carries out Taking Pictures recording, measure flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face, pulley is all arranged at described the 2nd CCD camera and double-pulse laser device bottom, roll along circular guideway, circular guideway indicates scale all over the body, is convenient to angular adjustment.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, can carry out three-dimensional PIV to the region-wide interior arbitrary section of flow field under the actual damped condition of hydraulic retarder and measure, obtain the data such as velocity flow profile, optimize the design of speed reduction unit hydrodynamic unit.
2, can fast and easy regulate laser instrument and CCD camera, make its sheet optical plane remain vertical with central axis, guarantee that institute's altimetric image is clear accurately.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional PIV test macro of hydraulic retarder flow field test unit three-dimensional structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is outer driving system structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the hydraulic retarder diagrammatic cross-section.
Fig. 4 is the water circulation system schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is hydraulic retarder flow field space schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is that circular guideway is regulated schematic diagram.
Among the figure: 1-drive motor, 2-wheel box, 3-pneumatic clutch, 4-inertial flywheel case, 5-rotary speed torque sensor, 6-Visualization case, the visual hydraulic retarder of 7-, 8-brake shaft, 9-circular guideway, 10-1-the one CCD camera, 10-2-the 2nd CCD camera, 11-computing machine, 12-double-pulse laser device, the 13-synchronizer, the 14-fixed wheel, 15-driving wheel, 16-housing, the 17-bearing, the 18-reserve tank, 19-water pump, 20-pressure indicator, the 21-decompressor, 22-trace particle dispenser, 23-flowmeter, θ-laser instrument sheet optical plane and y axis angle.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments.
The present invention adopts Particle Image Velocimetry (Particle Image Velocimetry is called for short PIV) that visual hydraulic retarder is carried out the three-dimensional flow field test, can obtain the flow field velocity flow profile.The hydraulic retarder flow field is very complicated, be in the high turbulence state, PIV technology stream field is noiseless, can obtain the instantaneous velocity field of flow field, carry out whole audience quantitative measurment, therefore having great importance for the fine structure and the research on mechanism thereof that flow, is a kind of state-of-the-art technology of measuring complex flowfield.By the PIV shooting hydraulic retarder flow field is studied, its result can be used for the design and optimization of the inner hydrodynamic unit of speed reduction unit.
The three-dimensional PIV test macro of a kind of hydraulic retarder flow field test unit, it comprises visual hydraulic retarder system, water circulation system, PIV test macro; Visual hydraulic retarder system comprises drive motor 1, wheel box 2, pneumatic clutch 3, inertial flywheel case 4, rotary speed torque sensor 5, Visualization case 6, the hydraulic retarder 7 that links to each other in turn, described Visualization case 6 adopts transparent material to make, standard interface with fixed wheel 14 that the visual model machine of hydraulic retarder is installed, driving wheel 15, housing 16, the suitable water medium, brake shaft 8 is supported by bearing 17, passes hydraulic retarder housing 16 and is connected with driving wheel 15; Water circulation system comprises reserve tank 18, water pump 19, pressure indicator 20, decompressor 21, trace particle dispenser 22, the flowmeter 23 that links to each other in turn; The PIV test macro comprises circular guideway 9, the one CCD camera 10-1, the 2nd CCD camera 10-2, computing machine 11, double-pulse laser device 12, synchronizer 13,12 light emitting sources of described double-pulse laser device are sheet light, be installed on the circular guideway 9, the one CCD camera 10-1 is installed on Visualization case 6 top verticals and takes downwards, be used for measuring flow field string surface information, the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 is installed on the circular guideway 9, and can regulate it is rotated along guide rail, keep central axis and 12 optical planes of double-pulse laser device of the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 perpendicular, be used for measuring flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face.
The concrete operation method of the three-dimensional PIV test macro of a kind of described hydraulic retarder flow field test unit is as follows, when flow field being carried out three-dimensional PIV measurement:
1) regulates 12 light of double-pulse laser device, make it to be parallel to flow field string face, adjustment is installed on a CCD camera 10-1 at chamber top, make it axis perpendicular to the string face, when hydraulic retarder enters damped condition, when trace particle enters the speed reduction unit working chamber with current, the described double-pulse laser device 12 of synchronizer 13 controls is synchronoused working with a CCD camera 10-1, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the one CCD camera 10-1 stream field carries out Taking Pictures recording, utilize computing machine PIV analysis software that taking the photograph image is processed, measure flow field instantaneous velocity field data, obtain flow field string face data;
2) regulate double-pulse laser device 12, the sheet light that makes it to produce is perpendicular to the string face, it is vertical with laser instrument sheet optical plane that the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 on the adjustment circular guideway 9 makes it central axis, double-pulse laser device 12 and the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 lay respectively at two places of circular guideway 9, laser instrument sheet light is perpendicular to the string face, the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 axis is parallel to wing coordinate axis, vertical with the sheet optical plane, control double-pulse laser device 12 is synchronoused working with the 2nd CCD camera 10-2, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 stream field Taking Pictures recording is measured when the starting section information of flow;
3) regulate double-pulse laser device 12 and turn over certain angle θ along circular guideway 9, the sheet optical plane is still perpendicular to the string face, adjust the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 and turn over equal angular θ along circular guideway 9 equidirectionals, the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 axis keeps vertical with laser instrument sheet optical plane, control double-pulse laser device 12 is synchronoused working with the 2nd CCD camera 10-2, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, and the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 stream field carries out Taking Pictures recording, measures flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face.
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional PIV test macro of hydraulic retarder flow field test unit three-dimensional structure schematic diagram, is clear display, water circulation system not shown in FIG., and 6 in Visualization case draws half casing, and 7 of visual hydraulic retarders show fixed wheel 14.
Such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, drive motor 1, wheel box 2, pneumatic clutch 3, inertial flywheel case 4, rotary speed torque sensor 5, brake shaft 8, Visualization case 6 connects in turn, drive motor 1 provides power as power source, pneumatic clutch 3 is controlled as required power source and is combined with the hydraulic retarder system or throws off, inertial flywheel case 4 fictitious load inertia, brake shaft 8 one ends are installed rotary speed torque sensor 5, detect hydraulic retarder rotational speed and torque information, but the other end passes Visualization case 6 and hydraulic retarder housing 16, support by bearing 17, adopt spline joint with driving wheel 15.After on-test, start drive motor 1, pneumatic clutch 3 engages, brake shaft 8 drives hydraulic retarder driving wheel 15 and rotates under drive motor 1 effect, according to rotary speed torque sensor 5 rotating speed of surveying, torque information, after visual hydraulic retarder 7 reaches predetermined operating mode, pneumatic clutch 3 is thrown off, visual hydraulic retarder 7 separates with exterior power source, enters damped condition, provides braking required load inertia by inertial flywheel case 4.
Shown in Figure 4 is the test unit water circulation system, is taken a picture clearly by making, and adopts aqueous medium to substitute fluid; After visual hydraulic retarder 7 enters damped condition, aqueous medium flows in pipeline in the startup water pump 19 driving reserve tanks 18 rapidly, pressure indicator 20, decompressor 21, particle dispenser 22, flowmeter 23 connect in turn, the control aqueous medium is filled with in the speed reduction unit working chamber fast, particle dispenser 22 discharges trace particle simultaneously, trace particle evenly disseminates, and followability, reflective are good and proportion is suitable with aqueous medium; After visual hydraulic retarder 7 finished braking, aqueous medium was back in the reserve tank 18, finishes cyclic process.
As shown in Figure 5, when describing hydraulic retarder flow field mobile, for the convenience of analyzing and understanding, set up the space coordinates shown in the figure, yoz plane, xoy plane, xoz plane are respectively flow field string face, aerofoil, nodal section, and corresponding x coordinate, z coordinate, y coordinate are respectively string coordinate, wing coordinate, joint coordinate.
When flow field being carried out three-dimensional PIV measurement, concrete grammar is as follows:
1) regulates 12 light of double-pulse laser device, make it to be parallel to flow field string face, it is the yoz plane, adjust a CCD camera 10-1, make its axis perpendicular to the string shooting that faces down, when trace particle enters visual hydraulic retarder 7 working chamber, synchronizer 13 control double-pulse laser devices 12 are synchronoused working with a CCD camera 10-1, laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the one CCD camera 10-1 stream field Taking Pictures recording, utilize computing machine PIV analysis software that taking the photograph image is processed, measure flow field instantaneous velocity field data, obtain flow field string face data;
2) regulate 12 light of double-pulse laser device, make it perpendicular to the string face, adjust the 2nd CCD camera 10-2, make its axis vertical with the sheet optical plane, as shown in Figure 6, double-pulse laser device 12 and the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 lay respectively at guide rail A, B place, the sheet optical plane is perpendicular to string face yoz, and the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 axis is parallel to the z axle, and is namely vertical with the sheet optical plane, synchronizer 13 control double-pulse laser devices 12 are synchronoused working with the 2nd CCD camera 10-2, measure when the starting section information of flow;
3) 12 optical planes of double-pulse laser device are still perpendicular to the string face, as shown in Figure 6, double-pulse laser device 12 turns over any θ along circular guideway 9, arriving A ' locates, adjust the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 and turn over equal angular θ along circular guideway 9 equidirectionals, arriving B ' locates, 12 optical planes of the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 axis and double-pulse laser device remain vertical, synchronizer 13 control double-pulse laser devices 12 are synchronoused working with the 2nd CCD camera 10-2, measure flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face.Pulley is all arranged at described the 2nd CCD camera 10-2 and double-pulse laser device 12 bottoms, rolls along circular guideway 9, and circular guideway 9 whole body indicate scale, are convenient to angular adjustment.
Data that above method is surveyed have comprised hydraulic retarder flow field Zone Full.
The default regulating working conditions hydraulic retarder of basis during the real work of this device, exterior power source is thrown off after entering damped condition, the control water circulation system is to speed reduction unit working chamber topping up and discharge trace particle, the PIV test macro is finished acquisition tasks, the each several part collaborative work, obtain the region-wide three-dimensional information of hydraulic retarder flow field, check is also optimized the design of hydraulic retarder hydrodynamic unit.
Claims (2)
1. the three-dimensional PIV test macro of hydraulic retarder flow field test unit is characterized in that, it comprises visual hydraulic retarder system, water circulation system, PIV test macro; Visual hydraulic retarder system comprises the drive motor (1) that links to each other in turn, wheel box (2), pneumatic clutch (3), inertial flywheel case (4), rotary speed torque sensor (5), Visualization case (6), hydraulic retarder (7), described Visualization case (6) adopts transparent material to make, has the fixed wheel (14) that the visual model machine of hydraulic retarder is installed, driving wheel (15), the standard interface of housing (16), the suitable water medium, brake shaft (8) is supported by bearing (17), passes hydraulic retarder housing (16) and is connected with driving wheel (15); Water circulation system comprises reserve tank (18), water pump (19), pressure indicator (20), decompressor (21), trace particle dispenser (22), the flowmeter (23) that links to each other in turn; The PIV test macro comprises circular guideway (9), the one CCD camera (10-1), the 2nd CCD camera (10-2), computing machine (11), double-pulse laser device (12), synchronizer (13), described double-pulse laser device (12) institute light emitting source is sheet light, be installed on the circular guideway (9), the one CCD camera (10-1) is installed on Visualization case (6) top, take downwards, be used for measuring flow field string surface information, the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) is installed on the circular guideway (9), can rotate along guide rail, keep central axis and double-pulse laser device (12) the sheet optical plane of the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) perpendicular, be used for measuring flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face.
2. the method for operating of the three-dimensional PIV test macro of a hydraulic retarder flow field as claimed in claim 1 test unit is characterized in that, described PIV test macro is when carrying out three-dimensional PIV measurement to the hydraulic retarder flow field, and concrete operation method is as follows:
1) regulates double-pulse laser device (12) sheet light, make it to be parallel to flow field string face, adjustment is installed on a CCD camera (10-1) at chamber top, make it axis perpendicular to the string face, when hydraulic retarder enters damped condition, when trace particle enters the speed reduction unit working chamber with current, synchronizer (13) the described double-pulse laser device of control (12) is synchronoused working with a CCD camera (10-1), laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the one CCD camera (10-1) stream field carries out Taking Pictures recording, utilize computing machine PIV analysis software that taking the photograph image is processed, measure flow field instantaneous velocity field data, obtain flow field string face data;
2) regulate double-pulse laser device (12), the sheet light that makes it to produce is perpendicular to the string face, it is vertical with laser instrument sheet optical plane that the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) on the adjustment circular guideway (9) makes it central axis, double-pulse laser device (12) and the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) lay respectively at two places of circular guideway (9), laser instrument sheet light is perpendicular to the string face, the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) axis is parallel to wing coordinate axis, vertical with the sheet optical plane, control double-pulse laser device (12) is synchronoused working with the 2nd CCD camera (10-2), laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) stream field Taking Pictures recording is measured when the starting section information of flow;
3) regulate double-pulse laser device (12) and turn over certain angle θ along circular guideway (9), the sheet optical plane is still perpendicular to the string face, adjust the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) and turn over equal angular θ along circular guideway (9) equidirectional, the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) axis keeps vertical with laser instrument sheet optical plane, control double-pulse laser device (12) is synchronoused working with the 2nd CCD camera (10-2), laser sheet optical illuminates the flow field, the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) stream field carries out Taking Pictures recording, measure flow field perpendicular to the arbitrary section information of string face, described the 2nd CCD camera (10-2) all has pulley with double-pulse laser device (12) bottom, roll along circular guideway (9), circular guideway (9) whole body indicates scale, is convenient to angular adjustment.
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