CN103023578A - Deep space exploration communication system based on light quantum communication technology - Google Patents
Deep space exploration communication system based on light quantum communication technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a deep space exploration communication system based on light quantum communication technology. The deep space exploration communication system comprises a plurality of deep space probes, an earth track satellite and a ground station. The deep space probes are provided with quantum information sending sub-systems, the earth track satellite is provided with a quantum communication receiving station, and the quantum communication receiving station is respectively in communication connection with the quantum information sending sub-systems and the ground station. Quantum communication is conducted among the quantum information sending sub-systems and the quantum communication receiving station, and scientific probing data explored by the deep space probes is converted into light quantum signals to be sent to the quantum communication receiving station. The quantum communication receiving station receives the light quantum signals, conducts information decoding on the light quantum signals, and restores the light quantum signals into digital signals, and the digital signals are sent to the ground station through a radio frequency communication method. By means of the deep space exploration communication system, an energy consumption problem of a traditional classic communication scheme is solved fundamentally, and an effective method for building a high-speed broadband communication link for deep space exploration tasks is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deep space spacecraft communication technical field, particularly, relate to a kind of survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology.
Background technology
Along with China " Chang'e's project ", project implementations such as " Sino-Russian combined detection Mars engineerings ", especially survey of deep space technology of Chinese Space technology obtains tremendous development.Expectation is in coming 10 years, and China will research and develop and set up the survey of deep space system with independent intellectual property right, launch a series of deep space probes, carries out autonomous survey of deep space research.This will greatly promote China in the development of the each side science and technology such as basic physics, AEROSPACE APPLICATION and celestial body detection.
Deep space probe is remote apart from earth distance, and traditional classical communication is to adopt electromagnetic wave to carry out communication, the loss (L of electromagnetic transmission in free space
f) relevant with distance (R), can be calculated by following formula:
Can find out that by formula (1) distance of electromagnetic transmission is larger, the loss of signal of himself is just larger, brings the distance between deep space probe and the earth into formula, can obtain following table.
Table 1 celestial body in solar system distance and electromagnetic transmission attrition table
How to keep under these circumstances efficient, the real-time information communication of detector and ground station, the earth is returned in the transmission that the science data of detector collection are timely, complete, is problem anxious to be resolved.
In order to overcome huge loss and the time delay of the signal that deep space communication faces, usually adopt following measures:
Increase on ground station's reception antenna and the detector the over the ground bore of antenna
Increase large transmitting power; Improve power utilization, reduce Demodulation Systems thresholding signal to noise ratio
Improve band efficiency, reduce the interference to the neighboring trace signal
Adopt chnnel coding, decoding technique to obtain coding gain
Adopt the information source compress technique to reduce transmitted data amount
Improve carrier frequency
Adopt the low noise amplifier of cryogenic refrigeration
Do not rely on the real-time control on ground, fully ensure the autonomous control ability of detector self
By these methods more than the integrated application, can set up transmission rate is the electromagnetic transmission channel of 2Mbps, but such bandwidth can't satisfy the requirement of survey of deep space, and it is imperative therefore to study new survey of deep space communication plan.
Quantum communications with quantum state as information carrier, by to the preparation of quantum state, control, store, send the transmission that realizes quantum signal, the distribution that wherein quantum entanglement is right is the prerequisite that realizes quantum communications.Basic physics scholar research produces various Quantum Entangled States by various means, such as utilizing chamber quantrm electrodynamics (QED) to produce two atomic entanglements, utilizing the experiment of ion well to produce ion to tangle, utilize nulcear magnetic resonance (NMR) to produce a plurality of atomic nucleus to tangle, utilize the photon polarization to produce photon to tangle etc.Reach its maturity based on the in recent years research to laser, the researcher thinks that utilizing photon to tangle just becomes preferably selection to setting up the quantum communications channel.
Quantum communications are to utilize entangled quantum effect to carry out a kind of Novel Communication mode that information is transmitted, and communication just requires to tangle particle and can transmit.Set up the quantum communications channel by the mode of laser communication and just become preferably selection.In quantum communication system, the transmit leg of information is shared two snarly almost completely consistent paired photons with the recipient.When transmit leg was given a photon with information, consistent variation will almost occur in recipient's entangled photons simultaneously, thereby realized that " state " of just expressing quantum information of transmission is as information carrier with the mode transmission information that does not add external force.
Photon tangles the principle of generation and information transmission and sees Fig. 3: when utilizing beam of laser to incide in the nonlinear crystal, produce a pair of shoot laser, be called flashlight and ideler frequency light, because energy, momentum and the conservation of angular momentum in the process, the photon generation of this a pair of outgoing will be tangled, and the polarization direction of this two-beam is mutually orthogonal, is an Entangled State, when the polarization state of a branch of shoot laser changed by measuring, the polarization of another bundle shoot laser changed thereupon.
At present, set up a series of quantum communications agreements and carried out the quantum communications engineering verification: BB84 agreement, the E91 agreement of tangling based on the Bell attitude and BBM92 agreement, based on the B92 agreement of non-orthogonal states, based on the GC95 agreement of quadrature quantum state, based on the HBB agreement of quantum secret sharing scheme, based on quantum channel directly transmission the BF agreement, pass the BBCJPW93 agreement of attitude etc. based on the NBA agreement MZL agreement MXN agreement of fail safe, based on the hidden row of quantum.
The scheme that variety of protocol proposes has been enriched the implementation of quantum communications transmission greatly.Set up in recent years quantum communications net in metropolitan area in Hefei, set up Xinhua News Agency's economic data trade center quantum secure net etc. in Beijing in 2012, China is in the leading level in the world in quantum communications research and Project Realization.The engineering practice of these a series of quantum communications is Space Quantum Communication, especially uses Technique on Quantum Communication that research prerequisite and engineering practice basis are provided in survey of deep space.
Although quantum communications have had more application on ground, because the light quantum signal is at ground optical fiber, or very strong decay and decoherence are arranged during transmission in the atmosphere, it is little therefore to embody coverage in Ground Application, the characteristics of near distance.
Yet, because the distance of deep space probe and the earth is very remote and along with the track variation of motion of celestial body, the excursion of distance is also larger, it is very faint that the light quantum signal that sends from detector is delivered to the earth, this deep space probe is from the universe deep space during directly to earth ground station transmission light quantum signal, the energy of photon can be absorbed by earth atmosphere and decay, and simultaneously link keeps the impact that also can be subject to atmospheric conditions or land bar.
Therefore, need that invention is a kind of both to have utilized quantum communications to solve the technical problem that the traditional classical loss of communications is large, transmission rate is low, the photon of avoiding again transmitting quantum information is absorbed by earth atmosphere and the novel method that can't transmit.
Summary of the invention
For defective of the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology, the traditional classical loss of communications that exists in the existing survey of deep space technology is large, transmission rate is low to solve, and quantum communications can't directly apply to the technical problem in survey of deep space field.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology is provided, comprise: some deep space probes, earth-orbiting satellite and ground station, be provided with quantum information on the deep space probe and send subsystem, be provided with quantum communications receiving station on the earth-orbiting satellite, quantum communications receiving station sends subsystem and ground station's communication connection with quantum information respectively; Quantum information sends between subsystem and the quantum communications receiving station and carries out quantum communications, the scientific exploration data transaction that deep space probe is detected becomes the light quantum signal to be sent to quantum communications receiving station, quantum communications receiving station receives the light quantum signal, the light quantum signal is carried out information decoding the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal, and by the radio communication mode digital signal is sent to ground station.
Preferably, this quantum information sends subsystem and comprises: light quantum tangles generation source, survey of deep space data generating apparatus, light quantum attitude modulating equipment and laser beam emitting device, wherein,
Light quantum tangles laser A, the laser B that the generation source is tangled mutually in order to produce two bundles;
The survey of deep space data generating apparatus is in order to the generative science detection data;
Light quantum attitude modulating equipment tangles with light quantum respectively the generation source is connected with the survey of deep space data generating apparatus, in order to finish the quantum state modulation to laser B according to the scientific exploration data;
Laser beam emitting device tangles with light quantum the generation source is connected, in order to shaping, the output of finishing laser A.
Preferably, this quantum communications receiving station comprises heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem and data transmission subsystem over the ground, the light quantum signal that heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem sends in order to receive deep space probe is finished the quantum information decoding at satellite the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal; Data transmission subsystem is connected with heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem over the ground, in order to digital signal is sent to ground station by the radio communication mode.
Preferably, this heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem comprises: laser pick-off telescope, light path equipment, light quantum demodulator, information storage/transponder, wherein,
The laser pick-off telescope is in order to receive the laser a-signal;
Light path equipment is connected with the laser pick-off telescope, in order to finish the transmission of light signal in earth-orbiting satellite quantum communications receiving station;
Light quantum demodulator and light path equipment connection in order to the information decoding to transmitting among the laser B, are reduced to digital signal with the light quantum signal;
Information storage/transponder is connected with the light quantum demodulator, in order to the digital signal after the conversion is stored, and is forwarded to over the ground data transmission subsystem;
Preferably, this heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem also comprises:
Laser is with taking aim at mechanism: be connected with the laser pick-off telescope, accurately point to true deep space probe in order to control the laser pick-off telescope, effectively receive the laser a-signal;
With taking aim at control appliance: be connected with taking aim at mechanism with laser, in order to laser is carried out entirely from master control with taking aim at mechanism.
Preferably, this over the ground data transmission subsystem comprise: aggregation of data processor, number transmission transmitter, number passes antenna and number passes pedestal and control appliance, wherein,
The aggregation of data processor is in order to receiving digital signals, and digital signal is carried out being sent to several transmission transmitters after formatting, baseband coding, the scrambling encryption;
The number transmission transmitters are connected with the aggregation of data processor, process in order to the digital signal that receives is carried out rf modulations, up-conversion, power amplification, and the digital signal after will processing are sent to ground station by several antennas that pass;
Number passes driving mechanism and is connected with control appliance and number biography antenna, passes antenna direction ground station in order to control number.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, utilizes the light quantum communication technology, the problem that loss was large when the employing electromagnetic wave that solution survey of deep space field exists communicated, transmission rate is low;
2, by earth-orbiting satellite, utilizing the traditional classical electromagnetic communication, is that the earth is returned in the electromagnetic wave signal transmission with the light quantum signal transition, and when having avoided laser signal directly to transmit back earth surface by the outer space, atmosphere absorbs, the excessive problem of loss.
The present invention has fundamentally solved the energy consumption problem of traditional classical communication plan, for the survey of deep space task provides a kind of effective ways of setting up the communication link in high speed, broadband.
Description of drawings
By reading the detailed description of non-limiting example being done with reference to the following drawings, it is more obvious that other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become:
Fig. 1 is that Mars and the earth concern schematic diagram apart from temporal evolution;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that the present invention is based on the survey of deep space communication system of the light quantum communication technology;
Fig. 3 utilizes barium borate crystal to produce entangled photons to principle schematic;
Fig. 4 is the structure principle chart that the present invention is based on the survey of deep space communication system of the light quantum communication technology.
Among the figure: 1 is deep space probe, 11 are quantum information transmission subsystem, 111 tangle the generation source for light quantum, 112 are the survey of deep space data generating apparatus, 113 is light quantum attitude modulating equipment, and 114 is laser beam emitting device, and 2 is earth-orbiting satellite, 21 are quantum communications receiving station, 22 is heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem, and 23 are data transmission subsystem over the ground, and 221 are the laser pick-off telescope, 222 is light path equipment, 223 is the light quantum demodulator, and 224 are information storage/transponder, 225 for laser with taking aim at mechanism, 226 is with taking aim at control appliance, 231 is the aggregation of data processor, and 232 are the number transmission transmitter, and 233 are number biography antenna, 234 for number passes pedestal and control appliance, and 3 is ground station.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following examples will help those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.Should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, after deep space probe entered the Mars track, ground-fire distance beginning became large gradually, and reaches maximum in August, 2017; Reach ground-fiery minimum range in August, 2018.
Because the distance of deep space probe and the earth is very remote and along with the track variation of motion of celestial body, the excursion of distance is also larger, it is very faint that the light quantum signal that sends from detector is delivered to the earth, and this small-signal sees through earth atmosphere again and is sent to ground station and has been difficult to detect.
Consider above factor, the present invention has designed and has utilized earth-orbiting satellite to set up quantum communications receiving station, carry out quantum communications with deep space probe, and the scheme of going back to earth ground station by classical electromagnetic transmission after the quantum information decoding is finished survey of deep space communication task.Below the present invention is described in detail.
Please consult simultaneously Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, a kind of survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology, comprise: some deep space probes 1, earth-orbiting satellite 2 and ground station 3, be provided with quantum information on the deep space probe 1 and send subsystem 11, be provided with quantum communications receiving station 21 on the earth-orbiting satellite 2, quantum communications receiving station 21 sends subsystem 11 and ground station's 3 communication connections with quantum information respectively; Quantum information sends between subsystem 11 and the quantum communications receiving station 21 and carries out quantum communications, the scientific exploration data transaction that deep space probe 1 is detected becomes the light quantum signal to be sent to quantum communications receiving station 21, quantum communications receiving station 21 receives the light quantum signal, the light quantum signal is carried out information decoding the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal, and by the radio communication mode digital signal is sent to ground station 3.
As shown in Figure 4, quantum information transmission subsystem 11 comprises: light quantum tangles generation source 111, survey of deep space data generating apparatus 112, light quantum attitude modulating equipment 113 and laser beam emitting device 114.
Light quantum tangles laser A, the laser B that generation source 111 is tangled mutually in order to produce two bundles.
Survey of deep space data generating apparatus 112 is in order to the generative science detection data.
Light quantum attitude modulating equipment 113 tangles generation source 111 is connected with the survey of deep space data generating apparatus with light quantum respectively and is connected, in order to finish the quantum state modulation to laser B according to the scientific exploration data.
Laser beam emitting device 114 tangles with light quantum generation source 111 is connected, in order to shaping, the output of finishing laser A.
Quantum communications receiving station 21 comprises heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem 22 and data transmission subsystem 23 over the ground, the light quantum signal that heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem 22 sends in order to receive deep space probe 1 is finished the quantum information decoding at satellite the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal; Data transmission subsystem 23 is connected with heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem 22 over the ground, in order to digital signal is sent to ground station 3 by the radio communication mode.
Heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem 22 comprises: laser pick-off telescope 221, light path equipment 222, light quantum demodulator 223, information storage/transponder 224, laser are with taking aim at mechanism 225 and following and take aim at control appliance 226.
Laser pick-off telescope 221 is in order to receive the laser a-signal.
Light path equipment 222 is connected with laser pick-off telescope 221, in order to finish the transmission of light signal in earth-orbiting satellite quantum communications receiving station.
Light quantum demodulator 223 is connected with light path equipment 222, in order to the information decoding to transmitting among the laser B, the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal.
Information storage/transponder 224 is connected with light quantum demodulator 223, in order to the digital signal after the conversion is stored, and is forwarded to over the ground data transmission subsystem 23.
Laser is connected with laser pick-off telescope 221 with taking aim at mechanism 225, accurately points to true deep space probe 1 in order to control laser pick-off telescope 221, effectively receives the laser a-signal.
226 are connected with taking aim at mechanism 225 with taking aim at control appliance and laser, take aim at mechanism 225 and carry out entirely from master control in order to laser is followed.
Data transmission subsystem 23 comprises over the ground: aggregation of data processor 231, number transmission transmitter 232, number pass antenna 233 and number biography pedestal and control appliance 234.
Aggregation of data processor 231 is in order to receiving digital signals, and digital signal is carried out being sent to several transmission transmitters 232 after formatting, baseband coding, the scrambling encryption.
Number transmission transmitters 232 are connected with aggregation of data processor 231, process in order to the digital signal that receives is carried out rf modulations, up-conversion, power amplification, and the digital signal after will processing are sent to ground station 3 by several antennas 233 that pass.
Number passes driving mechanism and is connected with control appliance 234 and number biography antenna 233, passes antenna 233 directed towards ground stations 3 in order to control number.
Specify the course of work of the present invention and principle below in conjunction with Fig. 4:
At first, the quantum information of deep space probe 1 sends subsystem 11 and tangles laser A, the laser B that generation source 111 generations, two bundles are tangled mutually by light quantum, and by survey of deep space data generating apparatus 112 generative science detection datas.Afterwards, light quantum attitude modulating equipment 113 is finished according to the scientific exploration data quantum state of laser B is modulated.Finished again shaping, the output of laser A by laser beam emitting device 114.Quantum communications receiving station 21 on the earth-orbiting satellite 2 receives the laser a-signal by the laser pick-off telescope 221 of heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem 22.Finish the transmission of light signal in earth-orbiting satellite quantum communications receiving station by light path equipment 222 afterwards.The information decoding of transmitting among 223 couples of laser B of light quantum demodulator is reduced to digital signal with the light quantum signal.Digital signal after 224 pairs of conversions of information storage/transponder is stored, and is forwarded to over the ground data transmission subsystem 23.Data transmission subsystem 23 passes through aggregation of data processor 231 receiving digital signals over the ground, and is sent to several transmission transmitters 232 after processing.At last, counting 232 pairs of digital signals that receive of transmission transmitter processes rear employing radio communication mode and passes antennas 233 by number and be sent to ground station 3.
Upward specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or modification within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology, comprise: some deep space probes, earth-orbiting satellite and ground station, it is characterized in that, be provided with quantum information on the described deep space probe and send subsystem, be provided with quantum communications receiving station on the described earth-orbiting satellite, described quantum communications receiving station sends subsystem and ground station's communication connection with described quantum information respectively; Described quantum information sends between subsystem and the described quantum communications receiving station and carries out quantum communications, the scientific exploration data transaction that described deep space probe is detected becomes the light quantum signal to be sent to described quantum communications receiving station, described quantum communications receiving station receives the light quantum signal, the light quantum signal is carried out information decoding the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal, and by the radio communication mode digital signal is sent to ground station.
2. the survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quantum information sends subsystem and comprises: light quantum tangles to generation source, survey of deep space data generating apparatus, light quantum attitude modulating equipment and laser beam emitting device, wherein
Described light quantum tangles laser A, the laser B that the generation source is tangled mutually in order to produce two bundles;
Described survey of deep space data generating apparatus is in order to the generative science detection data;
Described light quantum attitude modulating equipment tangles with described light quantum respectively the generation source is connected with the survey of deep space data generating apparatus, in order to finish the quantum state modulation to laser B according to the scientific exploration data;
Described laser beam emitting device tangles with described light quantum the generation source is connected, in order to shaping, the output of finishing laser A.
3. the survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described quantum communications receiving station comprises heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem and data transmission subsystem over the ground, the light quantum signal that described heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem sends in order to receive deep space probe is finished the quantum information decoding at satellite the light quantum signal is reduced to digital signal; Described over the ground data transmission subsystem is connected with described heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem, in order to digital signal is sent to ground station by the radio communication mode.
4. the survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem comprises: laser pick-off telescope, light path equipment, light quantum demodulator, information storage/transponder, wherein
Described laser pick-off telescope is in order to receive the laser a-signal;
Described light path equipment is connected with described laser pick-off telescope, in order to finish the transmission of light signal in earth-orbiting satellite quantum communications receiving station;
Described light quantum demodulator and described light path equipment connection in order to the information decoding to transmitting among the laser B, are reduced to digital signal with the light quantum signal;
Described information storage/transponder is connected with described light quantum demodulator, in order to the digital signal after the conversion is stored, and is forwarded to described over the ground data transmission subsystem.
5. the survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described heavy caliber light quantum HF receiving subsystem also comprises: 3
Laser is with taking aim at mechanism: be connected with described laser pick-off telescope, accurately point to described deep space probe in order to control described laser pick-off telescope, effectively receive described laser a-signal;
With taking aim at control appliance: be connected with taking aim at mechanism with described laser, in order to described laser is carried out entirely from master control with taking aim at mechanism.
6. the survey of deep space communication system based on the light quantum communication technology according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described over the ground data transmission subsystem comprises: aggregation of data processor, number transmission transmitter, number pass antenna and number biography pedestal and control appliance, wherein
Described aggregation of data processor is in order to receiving digital signals, and digital signal is carried out being sent to described several transmission transmitter after formatting, baseband coding, the scrambling encryption;
Described several transmission transmitter is connected with described aggregation of data processor, process in order to the digital signal that receives is carried out rf modulations, up-conversion, power amplification, and the digital signal after will processing is sent to ground station by described number biography antennas;
Described number passes driving mechanism and is connected with described number biography antenna with control appliance, passes antenna direction ground station in order to control described number.
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