CN103014535B - Axle steel and axletree - Google Patents
Axle steel and axletree Download PDFInfo
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- CN103014535B CN103014535B CN201210555924.9A CN201210555924A CN103014535B CN 103014535 B CN103014535 B CN 103014535B CN 201210555924 A CN201210555924 A CN 201210555924A CN 103014535 B CN103014535 B CN 103014535B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of axle steel and axletree.This axle steel has following composition: C 0.38-0.44%; Si 0.17-0.37%; Mn 0.60-0.80%; P≤0.020ppm; S≤0.010ppm; Ni 0.10-0.25%; Cr 0.90-1.2%; Alt 0.020-0.050%; Cu 0.08-0.20%; V 0.07-0.12%; Mo0.15-0.30%; Surplus is iron and other inevitable elements.Present invention also offers a kind of axletree, adopt above-mentioned axle steel to be prepared from.The axletree adopting axle steel to prepare, while guarantee axletree intensity, also has higher toughness, and then improves the work-ing life of axletree, makes railway freight-car safe driving under speed-raising, fully loaded transportation condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallurgical technology, particularly relate to a kind of axle steel and axletree.
Background technology
Axletree is the crucial running part of railway freight-car, and its performance is the prerequisite ensureing that vehicle safety runs, and concerns state-owned railroads transportation safety.The lorry axle of current various countries is all adopt develop LZ 50 steel axletree substantially the nineties in last century, and the axle of railway freight-car has heavily been upgraded to present 35.7t from original 21t, 25t, existing LZ 50 steel axletree cannot meet the needs of continuous speed-raising, heavy duty goods train.
The chemical composition of LZ 50 steel is in table 1, and surplus is iron.From table 1: the carbon content in LZ 50 steel is 0.47 ~ 0.57, belong to high carbon steel, the strengthening mechanism of this steel is single, only utilize higher carbon content to improve intensity (ability of tension set and fracture resisted under external force by metallic substance), the alloy such as Cr, Ni of trace only ensure that less demanding plasticity (metallic substance produce under loads tension set and non-destructive ability).
Table 1 LZ 50 steel chemical composition
The mechanical performance index of LZ 50 steel axletree is as shown in table 2, and intensity (yield strength and tensile strength) is undesirable, easily produces fatigue cracking; Toughness (impacts AKU simultaneously
2, metallic substance is endergonic ability in viscous deformation and breaking-down process) also extreme difference, and the toughness of axletree is the key index of axletree examination, axletree toughness is not good, the tendency that easy increase axletree ruptures suddenly, has had a strong impact on the work-ing life of axletree, has brought hidden danger to safety of railway traffic.
The mechanical performance index of table 2 LZ50 steel axletree
In addition, because LZ 50 steel interalloy element is less, in heat treatment process, the abnormal growth of axletree crystal grain is difficult to ensure, LZ 50 steel axletree is caused often to occur the phenomenon of mixed crystal aborning, grain fineness number is 3-6 level, and crystal grain is thicker, and coarse grains causes this steel tensile and impact properties not good, and corrosion resistance nature also weakens thereupon, have a strong impact on the mechanical property of axletree.
In order to improve safety of railway traffic, in guarantee or need improve while intensity, improving the toughness of axle steel, and then improve axletree work-ing life.The axle steel designing and research and develop reasonable elemental composition receives much concern in industry and problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, the problem low for above-mentioned existing axle steel intensity, toughness is low, proposes a kind of axle steel, to realize the advantage of high strength and high tenacity.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of axle steel, has following composition:
Surplus is iron and other inevitable elements.In the present invention, unit % is mass percentage.
Further, Cr1.0-1.1% in described axle steel.
Further, Mo 0.20-0.25% in described axle steel.
Further, C 0.38-0.41% in described axle steel.
Further, Mn 0.60-0.70% in described axle steel.
Another object of the present invention additionally provides a kind of axletree, has the advantage of high strength and high tenacity, effectively improves axletree work-ing life, ensure that the traffic safety under speed-raising, fully loaded transportation condition.
A kind of axletree provided by the invention adopts above-mentioned axle steel to be prepared from.
The invention provides a kind of axle steel and axletree, have the following advantages compared with the axletree of existing LZ 50 steel and preparation thereof:
1), the control of Cr, Mo, V content in axle steel of the present invention, the tensile strength of this axle steel, yield strength are all had and improve in various degree;
2), the control of Ni, Mo, V content in axletree of the present invention, the toughness of the axletree making this steel of employing standby is for impacting AKU
2longitudinally>=70, impact AKU
2laterally>=35, are obviously better than existing LZ 50 steel axletree;
3), the control of Cr, Cu and Mo weight percentage in axle steel of the present invention, make the Corrosion Fatigue Properties of axle steel be better than existing LZ50 steel axletree;
4), the control of Mo, V content in axle steel of the present invention, make axle steel crystalline grains degree rank > 6 grades, obviously improve than LZ 50 steel.
Embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of axle steel with higher-strength and toughness, there is following composition:
Surplus is iron and other inevitable elements.In the present invention, unit % is mass percentage.
Carbon component is the important element affecting steel performance, although the increase of carbon content can play good strengthening effect to steel, but significantly reduce the toughness of steel, in order to improve railway operation safety, axles steel of the present invention suitably reduces the carbon content in component, and while reduction carbon content, improved the intensity of axle steel by alloying.Preferably, C 0.38-0.41% in described axle steel.
While reducing the carbon content in axle steel component, turn down Si, Mn constituent content upper limit, the toughness of steel can be improved.Preferably, Mn 0.60-0.70% in described axle steel.
Axle steel of the present invention comprises the Cr of 0.90-1.2%, can increase the hardening capacity of axle steel, impels the axletree cross section after quenching and tempering obtains and organizes more uniformly, make it have anticorrosive anti-oxidant, antiacid, wear-resisting and fatigue proof advantage.Preferably, Cr 1.0-1.1% in axle steel,
But add in axle steel Cr element can make axle steel 250-450 DEG C temper brittleness susceptibility strengthen, namely while temper brittleness transition temperature rises, the impact value of Ductile rupture and Fracture Toughness decline, and the present invention, by air-cooled after tempering, eliminates temper brittleness.By adding the Mo of 0.15-0.30% in axle steel, the further refinement of crystal grain can be impelled, improving the mechanical property of axle steel, preferably, Mo0.20-0.25% in described axle steel.Increase Cr and Mo constituent content, be conducive to the decline of supplementary hardness of steel, improve toughness and ductility simultaneously.
Axle steel of the present invention comprises the Ni of 0.10-0.25%, and while raising hardness of steel, can improve resistance to acid and the toughness of axle steel, the mechanism improving toughness makes material matrix be easy to cross slip at low temperatures.
Axle steel of the present invention comprises the Alt of 0.020-0.050%, with the V of 0.07-0.12%, can avoid because of grain fineness number alligatoring, there are the quality problems of open grain structure in axletree when normalizing, make the infusible compound-ALN (aluminium nitride) forming the distribution of enough small and disperseds in steel, Austenite Grain Growth is stoped together with the carbon of tiny, disperse, nitride V (C, N), axle steel crystalline grains degree rank > 6 grades of the present invention, than LZ 50 crystalline grain of steel degree level height 1-2 level.What control Al constituent content adds sternly, ensure that the deoxidation amount of molten steel, ensure that aluminium nitride appropriate in molten steel simultaneously, do not affect again the toughness of steel while crystal grain thinning.The interpolation of V element also can improve intensity and the toughness of steel.
Add and the content of control Cr, Cu, Mo element, wear resistance and the erosion resistance of steel can be improved.Reduce P, S content, be conducive to the fragility tendency reducing steel.
Adopt above-mentioned axle steel to prepare the thermal treatment process of axletree, comprise the following steps:
First by axle steel forging forming, then successively a normalizing, secondary normalizing and a tempering are carried out to the steel part of forging forming;
A normalizing: by axle steel at temperature 840-880 DEG C, insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to less than 500 DEG C; A preferably described normalizing: by axle steel at temperature 860-870 DEG C, insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to less than 500 DEG C; An above-mentioned normalizing rate of cooling, for axle steel is cooled to less than 500 DEG C at 40-60min, to make axle steel be cooled to below austenite fast, is beneficial to grain refining and distribution of carbides homogenizing.This cooling time can regulate according to the thickness of axletree.Under the prerequisite that steel part is heated evenly, in order to shorten the heat treatment cycle of axle steel, the heat-up rate of a normalizing in the present invention is 2-10 DEG C/min.
Secondary normalizing: by axle steel at temperature 800-840 DEG C, insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to less than 250 DEG C; Preferred described secondary normalizing: by axle steel at temperature 820-830 DEG C, soaking time 3-5 hour, is then cooled to less than 250 DEG C; Above-mentioned secondary normalizing speed of cooling is for be cooled to less than 250 DEG C by axle steel at 80-120min, and this cooling time also can regulate according to the thickness of axletree.Under the prerequisite that steel part is heated evenly, in order to shorten the heat treatment cycle of axle steel, in the present invention, the heat-up rate of secondary normalizing is 2-10 DEG C/min.Axletree of the present invention adopts double normalizing reason: forging product due to Forge Heating temperature too high, and generally accurately do not control, therefore the tissue after forging in forging and grain fineness number are very uneven, by first time normalizing, the tissue of adjustment forging and grain fineness number, make its homogenizing, adopt temperature slightly to carry out secondary normalizing lower than the temperature of a normalizing, to improve the performance of forging further afterwards.
Tempering: by axle steel at temperature 660-690 DEG C, insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to room temperature.Preferably described tempering: by axle steel at temperature 670-680 DEG C, soaking time 3-5 hour, is then cooled to room temperature.
Be further appreciated that above-mentioned cooling can adopt air cooling, water-cooled, spray cooling or other conventional chilling modes.
The mechanical performance index of the axletree adopting axle steel of the present invention to prepare is bright as shown in table 3:
The mechanical performance index of axletree prepared by table 3 axle steel of the present invention
Comparison sheet 2 and table 3 visible, axle steel mechanical performance index of the present invention is apparently higher than existing LZ50 steel, and yield strength, tensile strength, shrinking percentage and elongation are by raising in various degree; Especially toughness (impacts AKU
2) greatly improve; And this axle steel increases crystal grain thinning element, makes grain size number improve, ensure that the axletree crystal grain after thermal treatment is tiny, by refined crystalline strengthening effect, improve intensity and the toughness of axletree simultaneously.The raising of intensity and toughness makes axle steel of the present invention not easily produce fatigue cracking and fracture in the course of the work.
In addition, also have detected the wear resistance of axle steel of the present invention and corrosion-resistant, result shows that the wear resistance of axle steel of the present invention and erosion resistance also have raising in various degree.
To sum up, the carbon content that the invention solves in above-mentioned LZ 50 steel is higher, and strengthening mechanism is single, not good, that especially toughness the is lower problem of mechanical property.Axle steel of the present invention passes through to adjust elemental composition wherein and content, while tensile strength, yield strength ratio existing LZ 50 steel improve in various degree, also improve the toughness of axle steel, wear resistance and corrosion-resistant, thus meet that axletree raises speed under different status under loading, the needs of heavy duty.
Present invention also offers a kind of axletree adopting above-mentioned axle steel to prepare, this axletree toughness be high, wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance, and then improve axletree work-ing life, realize the traffic safety under speed-raising, fully loaded transportation condition.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1-3
The composition of the axle steel of embodiment 1-3 is as shown in table 4.The mechanical property of the axle steel of embodiment 1-3 is as shown in table 5.
Adopt conventional Forging Technology to forge into axletree shape the axle steel of embodiment 1-3, then carry out following normalizing and tempering: a normalizing: temperature 870 DEG C, soaking time 3 hours, be then cooled to lower than less than 500 DEG C; Secondary normalizing 830 DEG C, is incubated 3.5 hours, is then cooled to less than 250 DEG C; A tempering: temperature 670 DEG C, soaking time 3.5 hours, is then cooled to room temperature.
The composition (surplus is iron and other inevitable elements) of table 4 embodiment 1-3 axle steel
| Embodiment | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Alt | Cu | V | Mo |
| 1 | 0.39 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.010 | 0.006 | 0.20 | 0.094 | 0.025 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.18 |
| 2 | 0.42 | 0.33 | 0.75 | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.20 | 1.11 | 0.043 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.21 |
| 3 | 0.40 | 0.20 | 0.76 | 0.013 | 0.006 | 0.21 | 1.08 | 0.045 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.23 |
Adopt GB/T229-1994 to detect the mechanical property adopting axletree prepared by axle steel described in embodiment 1-3, detected result is as shown in table 5.
The mechanical property of axletree prepared by table 5 embodiment 1-3 axle steel
Contrast table 2 and table 5 known, the mechanical property of axle steel provided by the invention is all far above existing LZ50 steel, and especially toughness significantly strengthens.
Embodiment 4-6
The composition of the axle steel of embodiment 4-6 is as shown in table 6.The mechanical property of the axle steel of embodiment 4-6 is as shown in table 7.
Adopt conventional Forging Technology to forge into axletree shape the axle steel of embodiment 4-6, then carry out following normalizing and tempering: a normalizing: temperature 850 DEG C, soaking time 4 hours, is then cooled to 400 DEG C; Secondary normalizing 820 DEG C, is incubated 4 hours, is then cooled to 200 DEG C; A tempering: temperature 680 DEG C, soaking time 4 hours, is then cooled to room temperature.
The composition (surplus is iron and other inevitable elements) of table 6 embodiment 4-6 axle steel
| Embodiment | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Cr | Alt | Cu | V | Mo |
| 1 | 0.40 | 0.21 | 0.68 | 0.016 | 0.004 | 0.22 | 1.12 | 0.035 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.20 |
| 2 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.71 | 0.010 | 0.003 | 0.19 | 1.07 | 0.042 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.27 |
| 3 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 0.75 | 0.010 | 0.004 | 0.18 | 0.99 | 0.028 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.25 |
Adopt the detection method identical with embodiment 1-3 to detect the mechanical property of axletree prepared by employing embodiment 4-6 axle steel, detected result is as shown in table 7.
The mechanical property of axletree prepared by table 7 embodiment 4-6 axle steel
Contrast table 2 and table 7 known, the mechanical property of axle steel provided by the invention is all far above existing LZ50 steel, and simultaneously toughness also significantly improves.
Embodiment 7
The present embodiment adopts the axle steel described in embodiment 1-6 to produce axletree by conventional forging method, the axletree produced is applied on railway freight-car, this axletree is while raising yield strength, tensile strength, shrinking percentage, elongation and grain size number, also there is higher toughness, wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance, and then improve axletree work-ing life, meet the traffic safety under fully loaded transportation condition.
The present invention is not limited to axle steel described by above-described embodiment and axletree, and the change of the change of component content in axle steel, axletree thermal treatment process is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention, be not intended to limit; Although with reference to foregoing embodiments to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein some or all of technical characteristic; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (3)
1. an axle steel, is characterized in that, has following composition:
Surplus is iron and other inevitable elements.
2. axle steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that, Cr 1.0-1.1% in described axle steel.
3. an axletree, is characterized in that, adopts axle steel described in claim 1 or 2 to be prepared from, and, adopt described axle steel to prepare the thermal treatment process of axletree, comprise the following steps:
First by axle steel forging forming, then successively a normalizing, secondary normalizing and a tempering are carried out to the steel part of forging forming;
A described normalizing is by axle steel at temperature 840-880 DEG C, and insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to less than 500 DEG C;
Described secondary normalizing is by axle steel at temperature 800-840 DEG C, and insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to less than 250 DEG C;
Described tempering is by axle steel at temperature 660-690 DEG C, and insulation 3-5 hour, is then cooled to room temperature.
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| CN201210555924.9A CN103014535B (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Axle steel and axletree |
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| CN201210555924.9A CN103014535B (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2012-12-19 | Axle steel and axletree |
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| CN103014535B true CN103014535B (en) | 2015-08-19 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104264066A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-07 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Niobium-vanadium containing steel for high-speed train axle |
| CN104233108A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2014-12-24 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Heat-treating process of high-speed train axle containing niobium and titanium |
| CN104233107A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2014-12-24 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Steel for high-speed train axle containing niobium and titanium |
| CN104264065A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-07 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Vanadium-containing steel for high-speed train axle |
| CN104294173A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-21 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Niobium-containing steel for high-speed train axle |
| CN104404224A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-03-11 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Heat treatment process method for EA1N-material urban rail car axle |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102586698A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-18 | 东北特殊钢集团有限责任公司 | Axletree steel and heat treatment method thereof |
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| CN102560271A (en) * | 2011-01-01 | 2012-07-11 | 齐齐哈尔轨道交通装备有限责任公司 | Steel billet for manufacturing AAR (Association of American Railroads) M 101-2009F level axle |
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| CN102586698A (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2012-07-18 | 东北特殊钢集团有限责任公司 | Axletree steel and heat treatment method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| GB/T3077-1999《合金结构钢》;方军等;《GB/T3077-1999》;20000101;第215页 * |
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Address after: 161002 Qigihar City, Heilongjiang province Tiefeng District Plant Road No. 36 Patentee after: CRRC QIQIHAR VEHICLE CO., LTD. Address before: 161002 Qigihar City, Heilongjiang province Tiefeng District Plant Road No. 36 Patentee before: Qiqihar Rail Traffic Equipment Co., Ltd. |
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