CN103014259B - After-forging hydrogen diffusion and annealing method of forging material - Google Patents
After-forging hydrogen diffusion and annealing method of forging material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an after-forging hydrogen diffusion and annealing method of a forging material, which is completed in an annealing furnace. For a large forging material, the after-forging hydrogen diffusion and annealing method comprises the following steps of: 1, normalizing a forged forging material at a temperature of 850-890 DEG C and remaining for 4-10h; 2, air-cooling the forging material normalized in the step 1 to 300-330 DEG C, remaining for 3-8h; 3, raising the temperature of the forging material air-cooled in the step 2 to 660-680 DEG C, homogenizing the temperature for 1-2h/100mm, insulating the heat; 4, air-cooling the forging material insulated in the step 3 to 400 DEG C and furnace-cooling to 300-330 DEG C and remaining for 6-8h, then raising the temperature of the forging material to 660-680 DEG C, homogenizing the temperature for 1-2h/100mm and then insulating the heat; and 5, cooling the forging material insulated by temperature homogenization in the step 4 to below 200 DEG C and discharging, wherein the total time of the heat insulation in the steps 3 and 4 is 7-16h/100mm. The after-forging hydrogen diffusion and annealing method is simple in process and strong in adaptability for the large-specification forging material, and avoids the white dot defect of the forging material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Heat Treatment Of Steel technique, be specifically related to expand hydrogen annealing method after a kind of forging of forging material.
Background technology
White point is metal inside defect, is common in forging and don't allows one of defect existing, and it can reduce the mechanical property of forging greatly, and its shape is the micro-flaw of different lengths and different directions on the surface after grinding pickling.Rounded or oval silver color spot on the matrix of fiber fracture.Along with the development of vacuum technique and the application in metallurgical industry, the possibility that produces white point in forging is controlled in recent years.But pouring procedure production is still smelted in part heavy froging at present routinely, therefore prevent white point to remain one of major issue that must solve at present.White point is because hydrogen content in steel is high and be attended by the internal fissure producing under stress.It is generally acknowledged that in steel, hydrogen content can not produce white point when 2～3ppm is following.And Direct Air-Cooled is got off after the forging of producing by ordinary method, because actual hydrogen content in steel surpasses the threshold value that can produce white point, add that the structural stress, thermal stresses and the hydrogen atom that in process of cooling, form are transformed into the effect of the pressure of molecule, at a lower temperature, when the Plasticity Decreasing of steel, just form white point.
The inner various elements of steel can produce segregation phenomenon, column crystal and the handing-over of core equiax crystal position P, S, C element segregation maximum, core equiax crystal formation temperature is the highest, and volume change is large, after causing solid-liquid transformation, internal defect degree is maximum, and two positions exist more space.Produce like this in smelting process, during the very low hydrogen content of molten steel, owing to solidifying, outside temperature is low, internal temperature is high, internal high temperature district hydrogen solubleness is large, external hydrogen is produced to assimilation effect, core hydrogen is slowly assembled, finally cause core to have higher hydrogen concentration, hydrogen congregational rate is also strengthened in space, also causes cannot doing High temperature diffusion technique to hydrogen at steel ingot state simultaneously.The larger setting time of section is longer, and segregation effect is larger, and core hydrogen concentration will be higher, if original molten steel exists high concentration of hydrogen, also can improve inner concentration value, expands hydrogen increase difficulty to finished product.Therefore one of heat treated task of anti-white point is that forging is created hydrogen solubleness little and tissue and temperature condition that velocity of diffusion is large, make in steel hydrogen from forging heart portion and the high line of segragation of concentration to other regional diffusions, until impel a part of hydrogen to discharge outside forging.
Ferrous materials is after hot-work in process of cooling, from 800 ℃ of generation structural transformations that cool down above.The surface of steel and core, because rate of cooling is different, can obtain different tissues inside and outside steel, produce structural stress.Steel surface temperature drop is fast simultaneously, and core temperature drop is slow, and the temperature difference can produce thermal stresses.It is one of reason producing white-spot defects that steel exist stress.Therefore, two of the heat treated task of anti-white point is the internal stresss that reduce in steel.
Forging process is also one of approach improving hydrogen diffusion.Forging process is mainly broken casting tissue, improves the segregation defect of density, forging molding, reduction or elimination process of setting, improves density and be conducive to protium from new distribution, thereby improve diffusion effect.
The forging postheat treatment of forging can prevent the appearance of white point, and traditional technique is carried out normalizing by steel ingot specification, then combines annealing, and adaptability is not strong, complicated operation; Time adjustment factor is fixed, and the problem that when heat treatment process is not considered specifications vary, coefficient will be adjusted, particularly forges material for large specification steel ingot and continuously cast bloom forging material adaptability is poorer, cannot stop white-spot defects.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, expand hydrogen annealing method after a kind of forging of forging material is provided.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, expand hydrogen annealing method after the invention provides a kind of forging of forging material, specific as follows:
For small-sized forging material, described method comprises the steps:
Steps A, by forging material air cooling after forging to 300-330 ℃ and stop 3-8h;
Step B, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after steps A air cooling, and samming 1-2h/100mm is incubated 5-10h/100mm again;
Step C, is cooled to the tapping temperature below 200 ℃ by the forging material after the insulation of step B samming, then forging material is come out of the stove;
For heavy froging material, described method comprises the steps:
Step 1, is just fighting forging material after forging and is stopping 4-10h at 850-890 ℃;
Step 2, by the forging material air cooling after step 1 normalizing to 300-330 ℃ and stop 3-8h;
Step 3, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after step 2 air cooling, and samming 1-2h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 4, by the forging material air cooling to 400 after step 3 samming insulation ℃ again stove be chilled to 300-330 ℃ and stop 6-8h; And then forging material is warming up to 660-680 ℃, samming 1-2h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 5, is cooled to the tapping temperature below 200 ℃ by the forging material after the insulation of step 4 samming, then forging material is come out of the stove;
Wherein, the insulation total time of described step 3 and step 4 is 7-16h/100mm.
In described method for heavy froging material, preferably, the soaking time of described step 3 accounts for 60% of described step 3 and step 4 insulation total time, and the soaking time of described step 4 accounts for 40% of described step 3 and step 4 insulation total time.
In aforesaid method, preferably, described small-sized forging material has the equivalent diameter below 550mm; Described heavy froging material has equivalent diameter more than 551mm, more preferably has the equivalent diameter of 551-1250mm.
In aforesaid method, preferably, after the described forging in described steps A and described step 1, the temperature of forging material is 550-650 ℃.
In aforesaid method, preferably, cooling described in described step C and step 5 is divided into two stages, and wherein, the speed of cooling of first stage is more than or equal to the speed of cooling of subordinate phase, and the first stage is cooled to 400 ℃.More preferably, the speed of cooling of described first stage is≤30 ℃/h, and the speed of cooling of described subordinate phase is≤20 ℃/h.
In aforesaid method, described forging material can be steel ingot forging material or continuously cast bloom forging material, is preferably steel ingot forging material.
The expansion hydrogen principle of the inventive method be utilize synthermal, with tissue, with under solubleness, by once or secondary excessively cold, be repeatedly warmed up to A
c1below, cause different sites concentration to occur difference, because of the oriented balance change trend of concentration, inner high hydrogen concentration shifts to surface, is reduced, and in conjunction with specification different diffusion time of difference, designs, and finally cooling prevents secondary segregation at a slow speed.
Method of the present invention can complete in existing annealing furnace, its temperature measuring equipment can be 6, burner can automatically adjust according to computer settings, preferably the operation of annealing furnace is adjusted in the method for the invention, do not allow to occur seeing that galvanic couple do not see the operation of steel, must repeatedly lift fire door and observe actual temperature field, because automatically stove and long flame burner nozzle cause actual furnace temperature and galvanic couple temperature inconsistent, in stove, there is red-black alternate decorated fire phenomenon, need to regulate in time, thereby avoid local quality problems.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: technological process of the present invention is simple, has optimized the processing parameter of the forging material of different size, and large specification steel ingot is forged to material and continuously cast bloom is forged material strong adaptability, stops forging material white-spot defects, particularly large specification forging material.By product classification, in different ways, improve table utilising efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is traditional forging postheat treatment process curve figure of comparative example;
Fig. 2 is the process parameter table corresponding with the process curve figure of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the forging postheat treatment process curve figure of embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process parameter table corresponding with the process curve figure of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the method for calculation table that illustrates the forging material equivalent diameter the present invention relates to.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this.
The forging of forging material provided by the invention is expanded afterwards hydrogen annealing method and is completed in annealing furnace, its process curve figure is shown in Fig. 3, the related relevant parameter of the technological process that marks out in Fig. 3 is referring to Fig. 4, and Fig. 3 technological process is from left to right corresponding with Fig. 4 processing parameter from left to right.Fig. 4 is the further optimization of the processing parameter to relating in the expansion hydrogen annealing method of the forging material of different equivalent diameters.Below in conjunction with Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, heavy froging material and small-sized forging material are described respectively:
When the equivalent diameter≤300mm of forging material, as preferred implementation, described method is carried out according to following operation steps:
Steps A, the forging material by 550-650 ℃ after expecting is pulled out table air cooling to 300-330 ℃ and is stopped 3-4h;
Step B, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after steps A air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 6-9h/100mm again;
Step C, is cooled to after 400 ℃ the speed of cooling with≤20 ℃/h again by the forging material after step B samming insulation with the speed of cooling of≤30 ℃/h and is cooled to the tapping temperature below 200 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove.
When the equivalent diameter 301-450mm of forging material, as preferred implementation, described method is carried out according to following operation steps:
Steps A, the forging material by 550-650 ℃ after expecting is pulled out table air cooling to 300-330 ℃ and is stopped 4-6h;
Step B, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after steps A air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 6-9h/100mm again;
Step C, is cooled to after 400 ℃ the speed of cooling with≤20 ℃/h again by the forging material after step B samming insulation with the speed of cooling of≤30 ℃/h and is cooled to the tapping temperature below 200 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove.
When the equivalent diameter 451-550mm of forging material, as preferred implementation, described method is carried out according to following operation steps:
Steps A, the forging material by 550-650 ℃ after expecting is pulled out table air cooling to 300-330 ℃ and is stopped 6-7h;
Step B, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after steps A air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 6.5-9.5h/100mm again;
Step C, is cooled to after 400 ℃ the speed of cooling with≤20 ℃/h again by the forging material after step B samming insulation with the speed of cooling of≤30 ℃/h and is cooled to the tapping temperature below 150 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove.
In above method, related forging material is small-sized forging material, for small-sized forging material, be directly cooled to 300-330 ℃ after expecting, without normalizing process process.
According to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, enumerate the expansion hydrogen annealing method of the heavy froging material of several specifications below.
When the equivalent diameter 551-800mm of forging material, as preferred implementation, described method is carried out according to following operation steps:
Step 1, the forging material by 550-650 ℃ after expecting is warming up to 850-890 ℃ of normalizing, and after samming, insulation amounts to 4-6h;
Step 2, hangs the forging material after step 1 normalizing lower chassis air cooling to 300-330 ℃ and stops 7-8h;
Step 3, is warming up to 660-680 ° of C by the forging material after step 2 air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 4, by the forging material air cooling to 400 after step 3 samming insulation ℃ again stove be chilled to 300-330 ℃ and stop 6-8h; And then forging material is warming up to 660-680 ° of C, samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 5, is cooled to after 400 ℃ the speed of cooling with≤20 ℃/h again by the forging material after step 4 samming insulation with the speed of cooling of≤30 ℃/h and is cooled to the tapping temperature below 150 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove;
The insulation total time of described step 3 and step 4 is 7-12h/100mm, and wherein the soaking time of step 3 accounts for 60% of total time, and the soaking time of step 4 accounts for 40% of total time.
When the equivalent diameter 801-1000mm of forging material, as preferred implementation, described method is carried out according to following operation steps:
Step 1, the forging material by 550-650 ℃ after expecting is warming up to 850-890 ℃ of normalizing, and after samming, insulation amounts to 6-8h;
Step 2, hangs the forging material after step 1 normalizing lower chassis air cooling to 300-330 ℃ and stops 8h;
Step 3, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after step 2 air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 4, by the forging material air cooling to 400 after step 3 samming insulation ℃ again stove be chilled to 300-330 ℃ and stop 6-8h; And then forging material is warming up to 660-680 ℃, samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 5, is cooled to after 400 ℃ the speed of cooling with≤15 ℃/h again by the forging material after step 4 samming insulation with the speed of cooling of≤30 ℃/h and is cooled to the tapping temperature below 150 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove;
The insulation total time of described step 3 and step 4 is 9-15h/100mm, and wherein the soaking time of step 3 accounts for 60% of total time, and the soaking time of step 4 accounts for 40% of total time.
When the equivalent diameter 1001-1250mm of forging material, as preferred implementation, described method is carried out according to following operation steps:
Step 1, the forging material by 550-650 ℃ after expecting is warming up to 850-890 ℃ of normalizing, and after samming, insulation amounts to 8-10h;
Step 2, hangs the forging material after step 1 normalizing lower chassis air cooling to 300-330 ℃ and stops 8h;
Step 3, is warming up to 660-680 ° of C by the forging material after step 2 air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 4, by the forging material air cooling to 400 after step 3 samming insulation ℃ again stove be chilled to 300-330 ℃ and stop 6-8h; And then forging material is warming up to 660-680 ° of C, samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 5, is cooled to after 400 ℃ the speed of cooling with≤10 ℃/h again by the forging material after step 4 samming insulation with the speed of cooling of≤30 ℃/h and is cooled to the tapping temperature below 150 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove;
The insulation total time of described step 3 and step 4 is 10-16h/100mm, and wherein the soaking time of step 3 accounts for 60% of total time, and the soaking time of step 4 accounts for 40% of total time.
For heavy froging material, normalizing process can make grain refining and distribution of carbides homogenizing, removes the internal stress of material, reduces the hardness of material, prevents coarse-grain impact flaw detection.
Above technique is suitable for steel ingot forging material and is also suitable for continuously cast bloom forging material, but is more suitable for the expansion hydrogen annealing of steel ingot forging material.
The method of calculation of the equivalent diameter relating in above technique are referring to Fig. 5.
The elements such as method of the present invention is applicable to 10-80 structural carbon steel, contains Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni close junction structure steel, as 45,35CrMo, 20Cr2Ni4,1E2757 etc.Processing parameter in method is specifically selected according to different steel grades.
The steel ingot of special steel 1E2757 of take is below forged material and is more described in detail as example expands hydrogen annealing technique after to forging of the present invention.
The forging material using in following examples be according to different size according to flat side's the ratio of width to height 1.5-2.5 times of methodology, high temperature forging under the condition of 20% above relative reduction.According to forging equipment ability, set aximal deformation value operation and can improve forging material interior solid degree.
Embodiment 1
The equivalent diameter of forging material is 250mm, specifically expands hydrogen anneal process method as follows:
Steps A, the forging material by 600-610 ℃ after expecting is pulled out table air cooling to 300-310 ℃ and is stopped 3h;
Step B, is warming up to 660-670 ℃ by the forging material after steps A air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 7h/100mm again;
Step C, is cooled to 400 ℃ by the forging material after step B samming insulation with the speed of cooling of 30 ℃/h, then is cooled to 200 ℃ with the speed of cooling of 20 ℃/h, then forging material is come out of the stove.
Embodiment 2
The thickness of forging material is 500mm, specifically expands hydrogen anneal process method as follows:
Steps A, the forging material by 620-630 ℃ after expecting is pulled out table air cooling to 320-330 ℃ and is stopped 7h;
Step B, is warming up to 660-670 ℃ by the forging material after steps A air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 9h/100mm again;
Step C, is cooled to 400 ℃ by the forging material after step B samming insulation with the speed of cooling of 25 ℃/h, then is cooled to 150 ℃ with the speed of cooling of 15 ℃/h, then forging material is come out of the stove.
Embodiment 3
The thickness of forging material is 900mm, specifically expands hydrogen anneal process method as follows:
Step 1, the forging material by 630-650 ℃ after expecting is warming up to 880-890 ℃ of normalizing, and after samming, insulation amounts to 8h;
Step 2, hangs the forging material after step 1 normalizing lower chassis air cooling to 300-310 ℃ and stops 8h;
Step 3, is warming up to 670-675 ℃ by the forging material after step 2 air cooling, and samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 9h/100mm again;
Step 4, by the forging material air cooling to 400 after step 3 samming insulation ℃ again stove be chilled to 300-330 ℃ and stop 7h; And then forging material is warming up to 660-680 ℃, samming 1.5h/100mm is incubated 6h/100mm again;
Step 5, is cooled to the forging material after step 4 samming insulation after 400 ℃ again with the cooling tapping temperature below 150 ℃ of speed of cooling of 10 ℃/h with the speed of cooling of 25 ℃/h, then forging material is come out of the stove.
Comparative example
The forging material that is 250mm, 500mm and 900mm to equivalent diameter respectively expands hydrogen anneal process, its process curve figure is referring to Fig. 1, the related relevant parameter of the technological process that marks out in Fig. 1 is referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 1 technological process is from left to right corresponding with Fig. 2 processing parameter from left to right, traditional method is not specifically limited the specification of forging material, enumerates a concrete treatment process below according to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2:
Step 1 keeps 3h by the forging material after forging under the condition of 600-650 ℃, is then warming up to 900 ℃ and keeps 1.1h/100mm, then pull out table air cooling to 300-310 ℃ and stop 1.0h/100mm;
Step 2, forging material after step 1 air cooling is warming up to 710-720 ℃ with the speed of 55 ℃/h again, after samming 1.5h/100mm, the speed with 20 ℃/h is cooled to 640-650 ℃ again, after samming 12h/100mm, the speed stove with 30 ℃/h is chilled to 400 ℃ again, the speed stove of following with 10 ℃/h is again chilled to 200 ℃, then forging material is come out of the stove.
Totally 400 of special steel 1E2757 forging after the expansion hydrogen annealing that the embodiment of the present invention 1,2,3 obtains, the white point that adopts defect detection on ultrasonic basis to carry out forging after 24h of coming out of the stove detects, its result be 400 forging all without white-spot defects, illustrate that processing method of the present invention expands hydrogen effective; And have 20% to have white-spot defects in 400 forging that comparative example obtains.
Contrast traditional method, technological process of the present invention is simple; Need the top temperature of maintenance lower, the present invention is directed to small dimension forging material and only need 660-680 ℃, and the top temperature that comparative example needs is 850-910 ℃, so save energy of the present invention; For large specification, forge material and used the operation that is chilled to 300-330 ℃ twice, expand hydrogen effective, stop forging material white-spot defects completely, quality increases substantially.
Claims (5)
1. after the forging of forging material, expand a hydrogen annealing method, it is characterized in that,
For heavy froging material, described method comprises the steps:
Step 1, is just fighting forging material after forging and is stopping 4-10h at 850-890 ℃;
Step 2, by the forging material air cooling after step 1 normalizing to 300-330 ℃ and stop 3-8h;
Step 3, is warming up to 660-680 ℃ by the forging material after step 2 air cooling, and samming 1-2h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 4, by the forging material air cooling to 400 after step 3 samming insulation ℃ again stove be chilled to 300-330 ℃ and stop 6-8h; And then forging material is warming up to 660-680 ℃, samming 1-2h/100mm is incubated again;
Step 5, is cooled to the tapping temperature below 200 ℃ by the forging material after the insulation of step 4 samming, then forging material is come out of the stove;
Wherein, the insulation total time of described step 3 and step 4 is 7-16h/100mm, the soaking time of described step 3 accounts for 60% of described step 3 and step 4 insulation total time, and the soaking time of described step 4 accounts for 40% of described step 3 and step 4 insulation total time;
Described heavy froging material has equivalent diameter more than 551mm.
2. after the forging of forging material according to claim 1, expand hydrogen annealing method, it is characterized in that, described heavy froging material has the equivalent diameter of 551-1250mm.
3. after the forging of forging material according to claim 1, expand hydrogen annealing method, it is characterized in that,
Cooling described in step 5 is divided into two stages, and wherein, the speed of cooling of first stage is more than or equal to the speed of cooling of subordinate phase, and the first stage is cooled to 400 ℃.
4. after the forging of forging material according to claim 3, expand hydrogen annealing method, it is characterized in that, the speed of cooling of described first stage is≤30 ℃/h, and the speed of cooling of described subordinate phase is≤20 ℃/h.
5. after the forging of forging material according to claim 1, expand hydrogen annealing method, it is characterized in that, described heavy froging material is steel ingot forging material.
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