CN103008577B - Preparation method and mold for microdefect high-utilization rate high-quality static ingot - Google Patents
Preparation method and mold for microdefect high-utilization rate high-quality static ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN103008577B CN103008577B CN201210524102.4A CN201210524102A CN103008577B CN 103008577 B CN103008577 B CN 103008577B CN 201210524102 A CN201210524102 A CN 201210524102A CN 103008577 B CN103008577 B CN 103008577B
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of static ingot preparation, in particular to a preparation method and a mold for a microdefect high-utilization rate high-quality static ingot. The invention is applied to preparing carbon steel, alloy steel and nonferrous metals under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions and has an effect of inhibiting defects, such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, segregation and deposit cone in ingots of various materials. Through adopting a big end down mold design, microzone triggered nucleation is performed by adopting a vibration device to refine grains; a dead head is heated by adopting plasma submerged arc heating; the ingot is demolded by adopting the high-temperature demolding process; thermal insulation is performed on a demolded ingot by adopting a thermal insulation material, and therefore, the thermal stress of the center of the ingot is reduced, and the shrinkage cavity and porosity defect in the ingot is eliminated by adopting an ingot self-feeding mechanism. According to the preparation method and the mold for the microdefect high-utilization rate high-quality static ingot, the problem of the shrinkage cavity and porosity defect in the ingot is effectively solved, the dimension of the dead head is reduced, and the utilization rate and the production efficiency of the ingot are greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field of static ingot, specifically a kind of preparation method and mould of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot, be applied to the preparation of carbon steel, steel alloy and non-ferrous metal under vacuum and non-vacuum condition, the defects such as the shrinkage cavity of the steel ingot inside to various materials is loosened, segregation, deposition cone all have inhibitory action.
Background technology
In recent years, along with China's power industry, the fast development of nuclear industry and petro chemical industry, increasing to the demand of large forgings, simultaneously also more and more higher to the quality requirements of large forgings.Large forgings is the basis of the key areas relevant equipments such as electricity power, communications and transportation and metallurgical machinery, is the important symbol of weighing national industrial level.Within 2009, State Council clearly will promote the emphasis of large forgings manufacturing technology level as country's " equipment manufacture adjustment development planning ".Steel ingot and strand are the products in advance of large forgings, and its quality is particularly important to improving large forgings quality, and the quality of steel ingot or blank directly affects the quality of forging.The shrinkage cavity of steel ingot inside is loose, the inherent quality of the defective effect steel ingots such as component segregation and field trash.At present, the steel ingot that industrial quarters adopts generally conventionally is little ratio of height to diameter design or large steel ingot Feeder Design, even the rising head end of steel ingot and tail cone end-grain cutting is fallen to 100-300mm, causes the utilization rate of steel ingot low.Wasted a large amount of energy, material and manpower and materials, even if like this, the qualification rate of forging is also lower, has restricted the development of high-quality forging.
Because the process of setting of large-scale steel ingot is very very long, for example hundred tonnes of steel ingots need thirties hours, cause low melting point in molten metal, low-density element or field trash in solidification front enrichment, simultaneously due to the impact of thermosolutal convection etc., make steel ingot zones of different uneven chemical components, cause gross segregation and microsegregation.The Design of Dies of steel ingot is distributed with conclusive impact to the temperature field of steel ingot, directly affects the distribution of the shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect of steel ingot inside.Therefore, optimize Design of Dies, eliminate steel ingot internal shrinkage rarefaction defect, suppress ingotism, the utilization rate that improves steel ingot is current industrial quarters problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method and mould of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot, adopt correlation technique of the present invention, not only can effectively solve steel ingot internal shrinkage rarefaction defect problem, and reduced steel ingot Riser Dimensions, greatly improve utilization rate and the production efficiency of steel ingot.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of preparation method of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot, adopt up-small and down-big Design of Dies for static ingot, adopt vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core crystal grain thinning, adopt the heating of plasma submerged arc to heat rising head, adopt high temperature releasing process, after adopting insulation material to the demoulding, steel ingot is incubated, and reduces the thermal stress at steel ingot center, adopts the radially shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect of feeding mechanism elimination steel ingot inside of steel ingot; Wherein,
(1) mould design
Steel ingot ingot body and rising head mould all adopt up-small and down-big pyramidal structure, and the ratio of height to diameter of steel ingot is 1.5-5;
(2) microcell triggers forming core technology
After ingot steel casting, at the top of steel ingot, use vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core operation, utilize refractory material to vibrate to molten metal, increase the Enhancing Nucleation Density of molten metal;
(3) plasma submerged arc heating technique
After implementing to vibrate the operation of microcell triggering forming core, adopt plasma submerged arc heating technique, steel ingot molten metal is heated, strengthen steel ingot riser head heat-preserving ability, the feeding of solidifying that is conducive to improve molten metal, the Riser Dimensions of minimizing steel ingot, increases operation rate;
(4) steel ingot high temperature demoulding insulation and radially Feeding
The demoulding of steel ingot high temperature, adopt insulation material to the demoulding after steel ingot be incubated, reduce the thermal stress at steel ingot center; Utilize high temperature shell in During Ingot Solidification to shrink, alleviate or eliminate central pipe and loosen; It is 60-150mm that the demoulding needs shell thickness, and steel ingot shell temperature is 900-1200 DEG C; In follow-up process of setting, be incubated, improve shell contractility.
In described step 1), rising head adopts split to hang warming plate method, it is mutually neat that its warming plate inner side and ingot are in steel ingot outer surface, the thickness of warming plate is 30-80mm, be highly 300-600mm, warming plate carries out seamless integrated design according to Riser Dimensions, also has one layer of heat preservation plate support in warming plate outside, ensure that after the high temperature demoulding, the warming plate after efflorescence does not come off; Steel ingot back draught is between 2%-5%, and the tapering of rising head is 1-9%, realizes the integrated design without transition of steel ingot and rising head, improves the utilization rate of rising head.
Described steel ingot whitewashes the mould coating material of resistance to more than 1600 DEG C high temperature, and thickness is 0.3-0.5mm.
Described step 2) in, the vibration frequency of vibrating device is 2-60Hz, amplitude is 5-100mm; Oscillation device connects refractory material, and refractory material adopts alumina firebrick, and its refractoriness is more than 1600 DEG C, and refractory material needs to be baked to more than 600 DEG C before use; In oscillatory process, metal bath surface carries out argon shield, prevents molten metal oxidation; The 1/3-1/2 place of rising head diameter or the length of side put into position and is positioned at by vibrating device; The refractory material being connected with oscillation device immerses in molten metal, and in oscillatory process, the degree of depth of refractory material in molten metal is 2-100mm, and the size that immerses refractory material in molten metal accounts for the 1/2-1/10 of whole refractory material; Time of vibration is, 5-15 ton steel ingot time of vibration is 10-15min, and 15-30 ton steel ingot time of vibration is 15-20min, and 30-80 ton time of vibration is 20-35min.
In described step 3), adopt plasma submerged arc heating gun, steel ingot top is heated; First carry out the starting the arc of plasma submerged arc heating gun, preheating, heating immediately after ingot steel casting completes; Argon gas intake is 10～15L/min, and pressure is 0.1～0.25MPa; When the starting the arc, voltage is 50～120V, and when steady operation, voltage is 30～100V; Plasma submerged arc heating gun is immersed in slag, molten metal is heated to immersion depth 10～100mm; Utilize the inside and outside liquid level of argon pressure balance plasma submerged arc heating gun, in the time that insertion depth is identical, when argon pressure is high, inside and outside liquid level is poor large, and when argon pressure is low, inside and outside liquid level is poor little; Keep enough large argon pressure, make inner liquid level lifting height be no more than 40mm; Heating and temperature control more than material liquidus curve 30～100 DEG C, heat time 10～30min, plasma submerged arc heating gun heats for one or more simultaneously.
While adopting two plasma submerged arc heating gun heating, plasma submerged arc heating gun symmetry is put, and puts respectively on radius 1/2 position of rising head; While adopting three plasma submerged arc heating gun heating, plasma submerged arc heating gun is put by equilateral triangle, is placed on equally and emits on port radius 1/2 position; The steel ingot that is greater than 1000mm for rising head diameter adopts the heating of more than two plasma submerged arc heating gun, and plasma submerged arc heating gun is placed on equally and emits on port radius 1/2 position; In operation, adopt logical argon gas simultaneously, the starting the arc simultaneously, the mode that simultaneously immerses molten metal is carried out.
In described step 4), control steel ingot outer surface cooling condition, the temperature of steel ingot outer surface is maintained between 200 ~ 400 DEG C of subsolidus, the plastically deforming area of steel ingot outer surface solidification layer in low resistance of deformation; Adopt asbestos insulation material or stay-warm case to be incubated steel ingot outer surface, reduce steel ingot outer surface and extraneous heat transfer intensity, utilize steel ingot core to return heat and make the rising of steel ingot hull-skin temperature, reduce steel ingot radial symmetry gradient, make steel ingot core enter mushy zone simultaneously, steel ingot core is solidified simultaneously.
In the present invention, the mould of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot comprises: steel ingot chassis, feed trumpet chassis, ingot body, rising head, feed trumpet patrix, feed trumpet, cross gate, ingot mould, rising head mould, feed trumpet chassis and ingot mould are set on steel ingot chassis, top, feed trumpet chassis arranges feed trumpet patrix, feed trumpet is installed in feed trumpet patrix and feed trumpet chassis, feed trumpet bottom communicates with ingot mould inner chamber by more than two ingate on the cross gate and the cross gate that arrange in steel ingot chassis, the top of ingot mould arranges rising head mould, the inner chamber of ingot mould is used to form ingot body, the inner chamber of rising head mould is used to form rising head.
In the present invention, the mould of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot comprises: steel ingot chassis, feed trumpet chassis, ingot body, rising head, feed trumpet patrix, feed trumpet, cross gate, ingot mould, rising head mould, steel ingot tail cone mould, feed trumpet chassis and steel ingot tail cone mould are set on steel ingot chassis, top, feed trumpet chassis arranges feed trumpet patrix, feed trumpet is installed in feed trumpet patrix and feed trumpet chassis, feed trumpet bottom communicates with the inversed taper platform shape hole at steel ingot tail cone mould center by the ingate on the cross gate and the cross gate that arrange in steel ingot chassis, steel ingot tail cone mould top arranges ingot mould, the top of ingot mould arranges rising head mould, the inner chamber of ingot mould is used to form ingot body, the inner chamber of rising head mould is used to form rising head, the inversed taper platform shape hole at steel ingot tail cone mould center forms steel ingot tail cone, ingot body and the rising head mould of steel ingot are up-small and down-big structure.
The inner side of described rising head mould adopts split to hang warming plate, and the inner side of warming plate is mutually neat with the outer surface that ingot is in steel ingot; Warming plate edge is hung on rising head mould inner side, and the bottom of warming plate contacts with the top of steel ingot ingot body.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. the present invention, by adopting up-small and down-big Design of Dies, effectively controls rising head proportion simultaneously, makes steel ingot utilization rate up to 75-80%.Therefore, this steel ingot die design can significantly improve steel ingot utilization rate.
2. after ingot steel casting of the present invention, use vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core operation in steel ingot rising head, effectively crystal grain thinning, alleviates and the shrinkage cavity of eliminating steel ingot is loosened and segregation problem.After rising head is implemented the operation of vibration microcell triggering forming core, adopt rising head plasma submerged arc heating technique, improve riser metal liquid temp, strengthen the insulating power of steel ingot rising head, utilize steel ingot directional solidification, can effectively solve the loose problem of the shrinkage cavity dividing steel ingot middle and upper part.In addition, steel ingot also adopts the high temperature demoulding, and steel ingot after the demoulding is also incubated, and reduces the thermal stress at steel ingot center, utilizes high temperature shell contraction in During Ingot Solidification effectively to alleviate the generation that central pipe is loose.Can alleviate or eliminate inner shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect and segregation problem by above technology, significantly improve steel ingot internal soundness.The method actual operation is stronger, is a kind of innovative approach, and the steel ingot that ratio of height to diameter is large, rising head proportion is little is acquired a special sense.
3. the present invention is applicable to the preparation of all tonnage steel ingots, especially effective to the steel ingot that ratio of height to diameter is large, rising head proportion is little.The present invention uses scope wide, significantly improves the internal soundness of steel ingot.
In a word, adopt up-small and down-big design by the novel steel ingot in the present invention, adopt vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core crystal grain thinning technology, adopt the heating of plasma submerged arc to carry out heating technique to rising head, steel ingot high temperature demoulding insulation and radially Feeding, after adopting insulation material to the demoulding, steel ingot is incubated, reduce the thermal stress at steel ingot center, adopt steel ingot to realize and alleviated or eliminate that shrinkage cavity in steel ingot is loosened and the object of the defect such as A segregation from feeding mechanism, be applicable to carbon steel under vacuum and non-vacuum condition, the preparation of steel alloy and non-ferrous metal, solve ratio of height to diameter large, the steel ingot heart portion quality problems that rising head proportion is little, effectively improve the utilization rate of steel ingot.
Brief description of the drawings
The mould schematic diagram that Fig. 1 (a)-(b) is static ingot of the present invention.Wherein, Fig. 1 (a) is square ingot mould; Fig. 1 (b) is round ingot mould.
In figure, 1 steel ingot chassis; 2 feed trumpet chassis; 3 ingot bodies; 4 rising heads; 5 feed trumpet patrixes; 6 feed trumpets; 7 cross gates; 8 ingot moulds; 9 rising head moulds; 10 steel ingot tail cone moulds; 11 inversed taper platform shape holes; 12 warming plates.
Fig. 2 is that 2.5 tons of materials are 42CrMo steel ingot macroscopic examination organization chart.
Fig. 3 is that 5.5 tons of materials are 42CrMo steel ingot macroscopic examination organization chart.
Fig. 4 is that 50 tons of materials are Q345 steel ingot common process temperature field simulation result figure.
Fig. 5 is that 50 tons of materials are the temperature field simulation result figure of Q345 steel ingot new technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
The preparation method of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot of the present invention, adopt up-small and down-big Design of Dies, adopt vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core crystal grain thinning, adopt the heating of plasma submerged arc to heat rising head, adopt high temperature releasing process, after adopting insulation material to the demoulding, steel ingot is incubated, and reduces the thermal stress at steel ingot center, adopts steel ingot to eliminate the shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect of steel ingot inside from feeding mechanism; Wherein,
(1) mould design
Steel ingot and rising head mould thereof are up-small and down-big pyramidal structure; Steel ingot whitewashes the conventional mould coating material of resistance to more than 1600 DEG C high temperature, and the ratio of height to diameter of steel ingot is 1.5-5, and rising head is highly 150-250mm after shrinking, and steel ingot utilization rate is 75-80%.
In the present invention, the ratio of height to diameter of round ingot is average diameter (that is: (top diameter+base diameter)/2) ratio of height and the steel ingot of steel ingot, the height that the ratio of height to diameter of square ingot is steel ingot and the average thickness of steel ingot (that is: (narrow limit, ingot body top thickness+narrow base face thickness)/2) ratio.
As shown in Fig. 1 (a), the mould of static ingot of the present invention comprises: steel ingot chassis 1, feed trumpet chassis 2, ingot body 3, rising head 4, feed trumpet patrix 5, feed trumpet 6, cross gate 7, ingot mould 8, rising head mould 9 etc., feed trumpet chassis 2 and ingot mould 8 are set on steel ingot chassis 1, 2 tops, feed trumpet chassis arrange feed trumpet patrix 5, feed trumpet 6 is installed in feed trumpet patrix 5 and feed trumpet counterdie 2, feed trumpet 6 bottoms communicate with ingot mould 8 inner chambers by more than two ingate on the cross gate 7 and the cross gate 7 that arrange in steel ingot chassis 1, the top of ingot mould 8 arranges rising head mould 9, the inner chamber of ingot mould 8 is used to form ingot body 3, the inner chamber of rising head mould 9 is used to form rising head.
As shown in Fig. 1 (b), the mould of static ingot of the present invention comprises: steel ingot chassis 1, feed trumpet chassis 2, ingot body 3, rising head 4, feed trumpet patrix 5, feed trumpet 6, cross gate 7, ingot mould 8, rising head mould 9, steel ingot tail cone mould 10 etc., feed trumpet chassis 2 and steel ingot tail cone mould 10 are set on steel ingot chassis 1, 2 tops, feed trumpet chassis arrange feed trumpet patrix 5, feed trumpet 6 is installed in feed trumpet patrix 5 and feed trumpet chassis 2, feed trumpet 6 bottoms communicate with the inversed taper platform shape hole 11 at steel ingot tail cone Mo10 center by the ingate on the cross gate 7 and the cross gate 7 that arrange in steel ingot chassis 1, steel ingot tail cone mould 10 tops arrange ingot mould 8, the top of ingot mould 8 arranges rising head mould 9, the inner chamber of ingot mould 8 is used to form ingot body 3, the inner chamber of rising head mould 9 is used to form rising head, the inversed taper platform shape hole 11 at steel ingot tail cone Mo10 center forms steel ingot tail cone, ingot body 3 and the rising head mould 9 of steel ingot are up-small and down-big structure.
In the present invention, the inner side of rising head mould 9 adopts split to hang warming plate 12, and the inner side of warming plate 12 is mutually neat with the outer surface of ingot body steel ingot.Warming plate 12 edges are hung on rising head mould 9 inner sides, and the bottom of warming plate 12 contacts with the top of steel ingot ingot body.
(2) microcell triggers forming core technology
After ingot steel casting, in steel ingot rising head, use vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core operation, utilize refractory material to vibrate to molten metal, increase the Enhancing Nucleation Density of molten metal.
(3) rising head plasma submerged arc heating technique
After rising head is implemented the operation of vibration microcell triggering forming core, adopt rising head plasma submerged arc heating technique, improve riser metal liquid temp, strengthen the insulating power of steel ingot rising head, the feeding of solidifying that is conducive to improve molten metal, minimizing Riser Dimensions, increases operation rate.
(4) steel ingot high temperature demoulding insulation and radially Feeding
The demoulding of steel ingot high temperature, adopt insulation material to the demoulding after steel ingot be incubated, reduce the thermal stress at steel ingot center; Utilize high temperature shell in During Ingot Solidification to shrink, alleviate or eliminate central pipe and loosen.It is 60-150mm that the demoulding needs shell thickness, and steel ingot shell temperature is 900-1200 DEG C.In follow-up process of setting, need insulation, improve shell contractility.
In described step 1), for solving the loose problem of this type of steel ingot central pipe, steel ingot is except possessing above design feature, in mould design, also there is following technical characterstic: rising head adopts split to hang warming plate method, its warming plate inner side is mutually neat with steel ingot outer surface, the thickness of warming plate is 30-80mm, be highly 300-600mm, warming plate should carry out seamless integrated design according to Riser Dimensions, there is one layer of heat preservation plate support in warming plate outside, ensure that after the high temperature demoulding, the warming plate after efflorescence does not come off.Steel ingot back draught is between 2%-5%, and the tapering of rising head is generally 1-9%.As shown in Figure 1, steel ingot Feeder Design not only volume is little, and has realized steel ingot and rising head without transition integrated design, has improved the utilization rate of rising head.In addition, steel ingot has whitewashed the conventional mould coating material of resistance to more than 1600 DEG C high temperature, and the thickness of coating is 0.3-0.5mm.
Described step 2) in, the vibration frequency of vibrating device is 2-60Hz, amplitude is 5-100mm; Oscillation device connects refractory material, and refractory material adopts alumina firebrick, and its refractoriness is more than 1600 DEG C, and refractory material needs to be baked to more than 600 DEG C before use; In oscillatory process, metal bath surface carries out argon shield, prevents molten metal oxidation; The 1/3-1/2 place of rising head diameter or the length of side put into position and is positioned at by vibrating device; The refractory material being connected with oscillation device immerses in molten metal, in oscillatory process, the degree of depth of refractory material in molten metal is 2-100mm, and the size that immerses refractory material in molten metal accounts for the 1/2-1/10 of whole refractory material, and the cross-sectional area of refractory material is generally 50-150cm2.Time of vibration is, 5-15 ton steel ingot time of vibration is 10-15min, and 15-30 ton steel ingot time of vibration is 15-20min, and 30-80 ton time of vibration is 20-35min.
In the present invention, oscillation device can be referring to Chinese utility model patent application: a kind of gas oscillation device, application number: 201120262332.9.
In described step 3), adopt plasma submerged arc heating gun, carry out steel ingot riser heating.First carry out the starting the arc of plasma submerged arc heating gun, preheating, heating immediately after ingot steel casting completes.Argon gas intake is 10～15L/min, and pressure is 0.1～0.25MPa.When the starting the arc, voltage is 50～120V, and when steady operation, voltage is 30～100V.Plasma submerged arc heating gun is immersed in slag, molten metal is heated to immersion depth 10～100mm.Utilize the inside and outside liquid level of argon pressure balance plasma submerged arc heating gun, in the time that insertion depth is identical, when argon pressure is high, inside and outside liquid level is poor large, and when argon pressure is low, inside and outside liquid level is poor little.Keep enough large argon pressure, make inner liquid level lifting height be no more than 40mm.Heating and temperature control more than material liquidus curve 30～100 DEG C, heat time 10～30min, more than 2 or 2 plasma submerged arc heating gun that can adopt heats simultaneously.While adopting two plasma submerged arc heating gun heating, plasma submerged arc heating gun symmetry is put, and puts respectively on radius 1/2 position of rising head; While adopting three plasma submerged arc heating gun heating, plasma submerged arc heating gun is put by equilateral triangle, is placed on equally and emits on port radius 1/2 position; The steel ingot that is greater than 1000mm for rising head diameter all adopts the heating of more than two plasma submerged arc heating gun, and plasma submerged arc heating gun is placed on equally and emits on port radius 1/2 position; In operation, adopt logical argon gas simultaneously, the starting the arc simultaneously, the mode that simultaneously immerses molten metal is carried out.
In the present invention, rising head plasma submerged arc heating technique can be referring to Chinese invention patent application: a kind of 5 tons of plasma submerged arc heating means to 600 tons of steel ingot rising heads, application number: 201210322358.7.Plasma submerged arc heating gun can be referring to Chinese invention patent application: a kind of 5 tons of plasma submerged arc heaters to 600 tons of steel ingot rising heads, application number: 201210319706.5.
In described step 4), control steel ingot outer surface cooling condition, the temperature of steel ingot outer surface is maintained between 200 ~ 400 DEG C of subsolidus, the plastically deforming area of steel ingot outer surface solidification layer in low resistance of deformation.Adopt the insulation materials such as asbestos or stay-warm case to be incubated steel ingot outer surface, reduce strand outer surface and extraneous heat transfer intensity, utilizing steel ingot core to return heat raises steel ingot hull-skin temperature, reduce steel ingot radial symmetry gradient, make steel ingot core enter mushy zone simultaneously, steel ingot core is solidified simultaneously.
Utilize 2.5 tons, 5.5 tons steel ingots of above technology trial production, experimental result is shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3, and pour steel material is 42CrMo, 1540 DEG C of pouring temperatures.In addition, utilize above technology also to carry out 50 ton large-scale square ingot exploitations, utilize computer modeling technique to simulate During Ingot Solidification, result as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5.From analog result, heat and the high temperature demoulding can make temperature field in During Ingot Solidification improve by plasma submerged arc, make that shrinkage cavity is loose to alleviate greatly.In real process, also implement vibration microcell at rising head and trigger forming core operation, and also there is radial contraction in high temperature demoulding steel ingot, can make steel ingot heart portion shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect further alleviate.
As shown in Fig. 1 (b), producing 2.5 tons of ingot body cross sections as a trial is round ingot, and ratio of height to diameter is 2.5, and pour steel material is 42CrMo, 1540 DEG C of pouring temperatures.After cast, rising head is implemented to vibration microcell and trigger forming core operation, time of vibration is 8min, after rising head vibration, plasma submerged arc heating gun is invaded in molten metal, steel ingot rising head is heated, about 30min of heat time, ensure that rising head surface molten steel temperature exceeds 10-20 DEG C than the liquidus curve of this steel grade, the demoulding in the time of steel ingot shell temperature drop to 900 DEG C, finally steel ingot low power result is as shown in Figure 2, result of the test shows, the densification of steel ingot heart portion, does not find more macroscopic shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect, there is no the segregation of A type yet.In addition,, in ingot butt negative segregation region, do not find Large Inclusions.Therefore, trigger forming core operation by using vibrating device to carry out microcell in steel ingot rising head, and after rising head is implemented the operation of vibration microcell triggering forming core, adopt rising head plasma submerged arc heating technique can make the steel ingot heart portion densification that ratio of height to diameter is large.
As shown in Fig. 1 (b), producing 5.5 tons of ingot body cross sections as a trial is round ingot, and ratio of height to diameter is 3, and pour steel material is 42CrMo, 1540 DEG C of pouring temperatures.After cast, rising head is implemented to vibration microcell and trigger forming core operation, time of vibration is 10min, after rising head vibration, plasma submerged arc heating gun is invaded in molten metal, steel ingot rising head is heated, about 50min of heat time, ensure that rising head surface molten steel temperature exceeds 10-20 DEG C than the liquidus curve of this steel grade, the demoulding in the time of steel ingot shell temperature drop to 1000 DEG C, finally steel ingot low power result is as shown in Figure 3, result of the test shows, the densification of steel ingot heart portion, does not find more macroscopic shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect, has the segregation of lighter A type.In addition, in ingot butt negative segregation region, do not find Large Inclusions.Therefore, trigger forming core operation by using vibrating device to carry out microcell in steel ingot rising head, and after rising head is implemented the operation of vibration microcell triggering forming core, adopt rising head plasma submerged arc heating technique can make the steel ingot heart portion densification that ratio of height to diameter is large.
As shown in Fig. 1 (a), the die casting square billet (square ingot) of 50 tons of up-small and down-big types of exploitation, ratio of height to diameter is about 4.Its molten steel material is elected Q345 as, and pouring temperature is 1540 DEG C.Utilize computer modeling technique to simulate During Ingot Solidification, as shown in Figure 4, for common preparation technology, the thermojunction region of this steel ingot is in the position, middle and lower part of steel ingot, be easy to bring the serious shrinkage cavity problem of loosening, this serious shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect may make to forge rear product rejection.In order to eliminate this class defect, steel ingot is carried out after solidifying 1 hour to the high temperature demoulding, having carried out subsequently insulation processes, and carried out heat treated at rising head, in order to prevent rising head badly bleeding, rising head has carried out the heating of small-power submerged arc, and heating region mainly concentrates on rising head centre, from Fig. 5 analog result, the easier consecutive solidification of steel ingot of the preparation of adopting new technology, is conducive to eliminate steel ingot shrinkage cavity loose.And in actual fabrication process, also can implement vibration microcell at rising head and trigger forming core operation, and also there is radial contraction in high temperature demoulding steel ingot, can make steel ingot heart portion shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect further alleviate.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot, it is characterized in that: adopt up-small and down-big Design of Dies for static ingot, adopt vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core crystal grain thinning, adopt the heating of plasma submerged arc to heat rising head, adopt high temperature releasing process, after adopting insulation material to the demoulding, steel ingot is incubated, and reduces the thermal stress at steel ingot center, adopts the radially shrinkage cavity rarefaction defect of feeding mechanism elimination steel ingot inside of steel ingot; Wherein,
(1) mould design
Steel ingot ingot body and rising head mould all adopt up-small and down-big pyramidal structure, and the ratio of height to diameter of steel ingot is 1.5-5;
(2) microcell triggers forming core technology
After ingot steel casting, at the top of steel ingot, use vibrating device to carry out microcell and trigger forming core operation, utilize refractory material to vibrate to molten metal, increase the Enhancing Nucleation Density of molten metal;
(3) plasma submerged arc heating technique
After implementing to vibrate the operation of microcell triggering forming core, adopt plasma submerged arc heating technique, steel ingot molten metal is heated, strengthen steel ingot riser head heat-preserving ability, the feeding of solidifying that is conducive to improve molten metal, the Riser Dimensions of minimizing steel ingot, increases operation rate;
(4) steel ingot high temperature demoulding insulation and radially Feeding
The demoulding of steel ingot high temperature, adopt insulation material to the demoulding after steel ingot be incubated, reduce the thermal stress at steel ingot center; Utilize high temperature shell in During Ingot Solidification to shrink, alleviate or eliminate central pipe and loosen; It is 60-150mm that the demoulding needs shell thickness, and steel ingot shell temperature is 900-1200 DEG C; In follow-up process of setting, be incubated, improve shell contractility;
In described step 1), rising head adopts split to hang warming plate method, it is mutually neat that its warming plate inner side and ingot are in steel ingot outer surface, the thickness of warming plate is 30-80mm, be highly 300-600mm, warming plate carries out seamless integrated design according to Riser Dimensions, also has one layer of heat preservation plate support in warming plate outside, ensure that after the high temperature demoulding, the warming plate after efflorescence does not come off; Steel ingot back draught is between 2%-5%, and the tapering of rising head is 1-9%, realizes the integrated design without transition of steel ingot and rising head, improves the utilization rate of rising head;
In described step 3), adopt plasma submerged arc heating gun, steel ingot top is heated; First carry out the starting the arc of plasma submerged arc heating gun, preheating, heating immediately after ingot steel casting completes; Argon gas intake is 10～15L/min, and pressure is 0.1～0.25MPa; When the starting the arc, voltage is 50～120V, and when steady operation, voltage is 30～100V; Plasma submerged arc heating gun is immersed in slag, molten metal is heated to immersion depth 10～100mm; Utilize the inside and outside liquid level of argon pressure balance plasma submerged arc heating gun, in the time that insertion depth is identical, when argon pressure is high, inside and outside liquid level is poor large, and when argon pressure is low, inside and outside liquid level is poor little; Keep enough large argon pressure, make inner liquid level lifting height be no more than 40mm; Heating and temperature control more than material liquidus curve 30～100 DEG C, heat time 10～30min, plasma submerged arc heating gun heats for one or more simultaneously.
2. according to the preparation method of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: steel ingot whitewashes the mould coating material of resistance to more than 1600 DEG C high temperature, thickness is 0.3-0.5mm.
3. according to the preparation method of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 2) in, the vibration frequency of vibrating device is 2-60Hz, amplitude is 5-100mm; Oscillation device connects refractory material, and refractory material adopts alumina firebrick, and its refractoriness is more than 1600 DEG C, and refractory material needs to be baked to more than 600 DEG C before use; In oscillatory process, metal bath surface carries out argon shield, prevents molten metal oxidation; The 1/3-1/2 place of rising head diameter or the length of side put into position and is positioned at by vibrating device; The refractory material being connected with oscillation device immerses in molten metal, and in oscillatory process, the degree of depth of refractory material in molten metal is 2-100mm, and the size that immerses refractory material in molten metal accounts for the 1/2-1/10 of whole refractory material; Time of vibration is, 5-15 ton steel ingot time of vibration is 10-15min, and 15-30 ton steel ingot time of vibration is 15-20min, and 30-80 ton time of vibration is 20-35min.
4. according to the preparation method of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: while adopting two plasma submerged arc heating gun heating, plasma submerged arc heating gun symmetry is put, and puts respectively on radius 1/2 position of rising head; While adopting three plasma submerged arc heating gun heating, plasma submerged arc heating gun is put by equilateral triangle, is placed on equally and emits on port radius 1/2 position; The steel ingot that is greater than 1000mm for rising head diameter adopts the heating of more than two plasma submerged arc heating gun, and plasma submerged arc heating gun is placed on equally and emits on port radius 1/2 position; In operation, adopt logical argon gas simultaneously, the starting the arc simultaneously, the mode that simultaneously immerses molten metal is carried out.
5. according to the preparation method of microdefect high usage high-quality static ingot claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4), control steel ingot outer surface cooling condition, the temperature of steel ingot outer surface is maintained between 200 ~ 400 DEG C of subsolidus, the plastically deforming area of steel ingot outer surface solidification layer in low resistance of deformation; Adopt asbestos insulation material or stay-warm case to be incubated steel ingot outer surface, reduce steel ingot outer surface and extraneous heat transfer intensity, utilize steel ingot core to return heat and make the rising of steel ingot hull-skin temperature, reduce steel ingot radial symmetry gradient, make steel ingot core enter mushy zone simultaneously, steel ingot core is solidified simultaneously.
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| CN103978168A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-13 | 辽宁科技大学 | Method of eliminating looseness and shrinkage in lower part of cast steel ingot |
| CN104001878B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2017-01-04 | 山东宝鼎重工实业有限公司 | One has rising head steel ingot water-cooled crystallization processes |
| CN105268884B (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for forging superhigh-temperature soft core of steel ingot |
| CN105436368B (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Superhigh-temperature crossed large-deformation forging method for improving structure uniformity of tool and mold steel |
| CN110131563A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | One kind being suitable for the soft core forging of superhigh temperature and makes with Ingot Type design method |
| CN111482561B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-10-08 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | Die casting device and die casting production method |
| CN112404376B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-05-27 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | Mold for producing special alloy plate blank by vacuum induction smelting furnace and use method thereof |
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