CN103004000B - 包括用于生产氯酸钠的氯化钠电解器的用于生产和供应氢气和氯酸钠的*** - Google Patents
包括用于生产氯酸钠的氯化钠电解器的用于生产和供应氢气和氯酸钠的*** Download PDFInfo
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012432 intermediate storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
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- 229910052987 metal hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004681 metal hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018013 LaNi5H6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012375 magnesium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于生产氢气和基于氯酸钠（NaClO3）分解的氧气的***。在服务站40，由氯化钠电解器生产氯酸钠；向服务站供应水（H2O），氯化钠（NaCl）和能量以进行电解反应；服务站生产氯酸钠（NaClO3）和气态氢（H2）。向交通工具（10）提供这两种产物。每个交通工具（10）具有用于分解氯酸钠（NaClO3）的反应器（32），反应产物是氯化钠和供于燃料电池（13）的氧气。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于为燃料电池电动交通工具生产和供应氢气和氧气的***，并且还涉及作为用于生产和供应氢气和氧气的***的一部分的相应的服务站。
背景技术
车辆使用操作纯氧气和纯氢气的燃料电池，与由大气氧操作的燃料电池相比，显示了几方面的优势。这些优势特别包括以下与众不同的特征：功率密度更高（紧），用于控制来自燃料电池的气体的***大大简化，不必湿化进入燃料电池的气体，对于给定的功率成本较低，***的输出更高，取消了空气压缩机且没被污染的气体通过空气引入到燃料电池内。
同样的，也存在一些主要缺点。首先，纯高压氧罐的机载重量比较高，且，其次，加压气体的使用具有一定的风险。必须限制压力以免气体当压力超过200巴时变得相当危险。在压力下的绝热减少过程中，许多材料与氧气接触自燃。
本发明提供各种技术手段来克服这些各类缺点。
发明内容
首先，本发明的第一目的在于提供一种用于生态且安全的电动交通工具的生产和供应***。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一个使得能以最佳方式供应交通工具的服务站。
为了达到这一目的，本发明首先提供了一种用于为电动交通工具生产和供应氢气和氧气的***，首先包括：
多个服务站，每个包括至少一个NaCl电解器，提供NaCl电解器以供给能够与服务站连接的交通工具氢气供应和氯酸钠供应。
多个可连接到所述服务站上的交通工具，用来接收用于储存在交通工具中不同罐内的所述的氢气供应和氯酸钠供应。
该交通工具包括用于将氢气和氯酸钠转化为电能来供应交通工具上至少一个电气设备项目的工具。
用于将氢气和氯酸钠（NaClO3）转化为电能的工具优选包括供应了纯氧气和氢气的燃料电池。每个交通工具有利地包括一个用于分解氯酸钠的反应器，使得可能将氯酸钠加载在交通工具内（潜艇，飞机，汽车，摩托车等）以便原位产生用于燃料电池内使用的氧气从而避免有关高压储存和安全的缺点。
因此，本发明为除了电解水以外的氧气生产提供了切实可行的解决方案。
观察到氯酸钠（NaClO3）的分解产物是氯化钠或盐（NaCl）和氧气。盐可选地再次用于重新产生氯酸钠。氧气是用来供至燃料电池。这是一种清洁燃料，提供高输出和高贡献以首先产生大量的能量，其次，对交通工具行驶的环境友好。
根据本发明的另一个有利的实施方案，服务站连接到能够提供产生电解反应所需的能量的电力供应源上。
进一步的，本发明提供一种交通工具，包括：
-燃料电池；
-基于氢气和氧气的燃料电池的供应，氢气和氧气由用于供应氢气的机载***和用于供应氧气的机载***供应；
-其中用于供应氢气的***包括在实质上低压下使用金属氢化物来储存气体的罐，所述罐以流动形式与燃料电池接触以向后者供应氢气；
-且其中用于提供氧气的***包括NaClO3罐，以流动形式与NaClO3罐接触并连接到燃料电池上为后者提供NaClO3分解后的氧气的用于氯酸钠分解的反应器。
有利的是，每个NaClO3罐和每个氢气罐都包括可连接到用于填充罐的外源的填充管。
用于供应氧气的***有利地设计成能够向分解反应器提供大体上为固体形式的NaClO3。
根据有利的可选实施方案，通过机械供应***，如例如通过蜗杆或重力向反应器供应NaClO3。
本发明最后提供用于交通工具的服务站，所述服务站包括：
-至少一个氯化钠电解器，用来产生氢气和NaClO3；
-水的供应，用于电解反应；
-NaCl的供应，用于电解反应；
-电能的供应，用于电解反应；
-用于NaClO3的出口端和用于氢气的出口端，其产物来自电解反应，以供给连接到所述服务站的交通工具。
有利地是，这样的服务站纳入了上述***，进一步包括用来在填充交通工具的罐前储存氢气和NaClO3的中间储存罐。
附图说明
所有实施细节在下面说明中给出描述，通过图1至4辅助说明，其以非限制性实施例的目的单独呈现且在其中：
图1图示根据本发明的具有低压氢气罐的电力发动机型交通工具；
图2显示与服务站相连接的相同交通工具；
图3显示用来运输NaClO3的工具的一个实施例，在此实施例中此工具为蜗杆；
图4显示提供了中间储存罐的服务站的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
图1显示了交通工具10的一个实施例，在此实施例中，用燃料电池13供应其推进工具，并入车轮12的电发动机11。燃料电池基于氢气和氧气进行常规操作。电池因而可以产生连续电流，通过直流/直流转换器15输入到两个发动机中，供于所示交通工具的前轮中。直流/直流转换器可以调节由电池提供的电压为发动机所需电压。例如，对于提供90至150伏电压的电池，转换器升高电压，例如升高至电压值可介于250至300伏之间。根据其他示例性实施例，提供并入到交通工具后轮的发动机或者提供安装到已知类型的传输工具上的单个发动机。
供至电池13的氢气有利地产自包括可以储存金属氢化物的实质上低压的氢气罐21的氢气供应***20。这一有利的存储工具有可能优化气体量，例如，有可能在介于3至15巴之间的相对低压下储存大量氢气。包括金属氢化物的存储***将在后面的说明书中更详细地描述。
氢气管22可以将氢气罐21连接到燃料电池13上。
提供给电池的纯氧气有利地来源于用于放置的NaClO3分解的反应器32，反应器32通过转移线35以流动形式与氯酸钠罐31接触。图3显示了可以从NaClO3罐31向反应器32供应氯酸钠的一种工具的实施例。在此实施例中，安置于两个元件之间的蜗杆50，被用于自氯酸钠罐31中提取粉末形式的氯酸盐，并运输至反应器32中。在另一个实施方案中（没有被显示），氯酸钠通过重力作用被运输到实质上安置在低于氯酸钠罐31位置的反应器32中。
机载氯酸钠通过安装在交通工具内的反应器分解，与对来自燃料电池的氧气的需求成正比。氯酸钠的分解由下述反应所控制：
NaClO3+“热”→NaCl+3O2;由于此反应是吸热的，它消耗交通工具的机载能量；必要的能量从燃料电池所产生的电能中被提取；然而，此反应的输出非常高，并且交通工具机载的整体能量平衡保持在，非常有利的，提取自燃料电池的能量份额由此以供其与氧气保持适度。
反应器32的反应所产生的氧气通过氧气管36被运输到燃料电池13中。氯化钠（NaCl）不像它所生产的那样分散，而是被交通工具机载储存在氯化钠储存罐37内，为了能够将其排放，在服务站通过排放管38，通过特别有利地使用方式，在现场回收此产品，如下面所解释的。
当交通工具10连接服务站40时，如图2所示，氯酸钠罐31和氢气罐21一方面被供应氯酸钠，另一方面被供应氢气。服务站40配备了用于连接交通工具填充管33和34的两个位置41和42。服务站40还配备了用于连接到交通工具排放管38的连接45。
设计服务站40用来利用至少一个NaCl电解器来生产氯酸钠和氢气。另外必须为服务站供应水、盐和能量，以使得电解反应有可能产生。因此，在服务站，与水（H2O）混合的盐（NaCl）通过排放交通工具来至少部分恢复，如上所述，被电解来产生氯酸钠（NaClO3）和氢气（H2）。下面的化学反应对其进行描述：
NaCl+3H2O+6e-→NaClO3+3H2
可观察到这种反应产生气态氢和包括三个氧原子的固态氯酸钠。因此可以容易存储氯酸钠，而不必依赖于使用具有所有与此相关的限制的加压罐。进一步地，氯酸钠不具有危险。因此，它可以很容易地在交通工具内没有危险地运输。用于氢气的（氢气罐43）和/或用于NaClO3的（NaClO3罐44）中间储罐是有利地在服务站内提供。服务站还包括用于产自于交通工具的并通过连接45的氯化钠的第二存储容器450，与技术工具一起的所有工具都适合用来传输所述氯化钠（蜗杆或其他合适的工具）。这些容纳罐和储存容器可能使氢气和氯酸钠的产生完全自由且更加灵活，而没有实时供给的约束。对于服务站来说，对于氢气的储存限制并不如在交通工具上那样严重。因此，服务站的氢气容纳罐既可以是压力罐又可以是与交通工具的相似的具有氢化物的罐，但是优选的是具有相应于对几个交通工具充电的体积。已知的运输手段的类型，例如，如设于蜗杆的管道，使得可能从容纳罐传输NaClO3到待供应的交通工具。
还应该强调的是，根据本发明所提供的方案，由于每个交通工具都生产氯化钠（NaCl）且由于每个服务站都消耗氯化钠，优选地，每个服务站具有用于收集机载存储在交通工具上的氯化钠的可用设备项目（未在附图中显示），以便在服务站内回收氯化钠以用于氯酸钠的生产（NaClO3）。
为了以最佳方式存储氢，有利地在交通工具上提供包括金属氢化物的机载罐。利用这种罐，金属化合物作为氢气海绵使用。这存在一些具有在其晶格内吸收氢气的能力的金属和金属合金。在填充罐的过程中，扩散到金属中的分子氢气H2以原子H的形式储存。分子键被削弱，热量随之释放（放热反应）。因此有利的提供可以在填充过程中冷却罐的冷却工具。在图1的实施例中，氢气罐21设有散热片23，如果充电时间不是非常短，可使氢气罐21尽可能充分冷却。对于更有效的冷却，可以提供液体基冷却***。
相反，为了排空罐，当原子氢离开氢化物时，需要能源供应以重新形成分子键。为了能够进行吸热反应，需要从环境吸收能量，从而使罐冷却。有利地，能源供应可能优化氢气排出。燃料电池的冷却水，一旦充入热能，使得有可能提供部分或全部所需的能量。
最常用的金属氢化物为：FeTiH1.7、LaNi5H6、MgH2和Mg2NiH2。
储存在罐中的每单位体积的氢气重量无疑是这样具有金属氢化物罐构造的最大优势之一。以体积计的储存的氢的重量在60g/l至130g/l之间。相比之下，在复合材料（例如由树脂碳纤维）制成的罐内在350巴下压缩的氢气的密度为25g/l。对于液态氢，可获得71g/l的密度。这等于说，金属氢化物技术使得可以在小的体积内大量储存氢。
Claims (7)
1.用于为电动交通工具生产和供应氢气和氧气的***，首先包括：
多个服务站(40)，每个包括至少一个氯化钠电解器，提供电解器以供给能够连接到服务站的交通工具氢气供应和氯酸钠供应，
多个交通工具(10)，将其连接到所述服务站上，用来接收用于储存在交通工具中的氢气罐(21)、氯酸钠罐(31)的所述氢气供应和氯酸钠供应，
交通工具(10)包括：
-反应器(32)，所述反应器(32)用于分解氯酸钠以产生氧气，
-用于将氢气和氯酸钠转化为电能来供应交通工具的至少一个电力设备项目的工具(13)，其中由所述反应器(32)产生的氧气与来自所述氢气罐(21)的氢气反应以产生电能，
-氧气管(36)，所述氧气管(36)用于将由所述反应器(32)产生的氧气运输到所述工具(13)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生产和供应氢气和氧气***，其中电力设备项目为用来使车辆产生位移的发动机(11)。
3.根据权利要求1和2任一项所述的生产和供应氢气和氧气***，其中服务站(40)被连接到电力供应源上，使电力供应源能够提供产生电解反应所需的能量。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生产和供应氢气和氧气***，其中服务站(40)包括用于在被传递到交通工具(10)前储存氢气和NaClO3的中间储存罐(43，44)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生产和供应氢气和氧气***，其中服务站包括：
至少一个氯化钠电解器，用来产生氢气和NaClO3；
水的供应，用于电解反应：
NaCl的供应，用于电解反应；
电能的供应，用于电解反应；
用于NaClO3的出口端和用于氢气的出口端，NaClO3和氢气产自电解反应以供给连接到所述服务站的交通工具。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生产和供应氢气和氧气***，其中服务站进一步包括用于在填充到交通工具(10)的氢气罐(21)，氯酸钠罐(31)之前储存氢气和氯酸钠的中间储存罐(43，44)。
7.根据权利要求5所述的生产和供应氢气和氧气***，其中服务站包括用于收集机载存储在交通工具上的氯化钠的设备项目。
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| PCT/EP2011/059379 WO2012000744A1 (fr) | 2010-06-29 | 2011-06-07 | Systeme de production et d'alimentation en hydrogene et en chlorate de sodium, comportant un electrolyseur au chlorure de sodium pour produire le chlorate de sodium |
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| FR2961959B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-29 | 2013-01-25 | Michelin Soc Tech | Vehicule a motorisation electrique et a pile a combustible, comportant un reacteur de decomposition de chlorate de sodium pour alimenter la pile en oxygene |
| CN209396881U (zh) * | 2016-02-03 | 2019-09-17 | 强力物联网投资组合2016有限公司 | 生产和使用氢燃料的智能烹饪*** |
| US11774944B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2023-10-03 | Strong Force Iot Portfolio 2016, Llc | Methods and systems for the industrial internet of things |
| KR102392510B1 (ko) | 2016-05-09 | 2022-04-29 | 스트롱 포스 아이오티 포트폴리오 2016, 엘엘씨 | 산업용 사물 인터넷을 위한 방법들 및 시스템들 |
| US10866584B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2020-12-15 | Strong Force Iot Portfolio 2016, Llc | Methods and systems for data processing in an industrial internet of things data collection environment with large data sets |
| US11327475B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2022-05-10 | Strong Force Iot Portfolio 2016, Llc | Methods and systems for intelligent collection and analysis of vehicle data |
| US10983507B2 (en) | 2016-05-09 | 2021-04-20 | Strong Force Iot Portfolio 2016, Llc | Method for data collection and frequency analysis with self-organization functionality |
| US11237546B2 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2022-02-01 | Strong Force loT Portfolio 2016, LLC | Method and system of modifying a data collection trajectory for vehicles |
| US10850610B2 (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-12-01 | Tony Matijevich | Alternative fuel system |
| CN106702421B (zh) * | 2017-02-27 | 2018-09-25 | 广西博世科环保科技股份有限公司 | 一种大产能自然循环的氯酸钠电解*** |
| US10921801B2 (en) | 2017-08-02 | 2021-02-16 | Strong Force loT Portfolio 2016, LLC | Data collection systems and methods for updating sensed parameter groups based on pattern recognition |
| KR20200037816A (ko) | 2017-08-02 | 2020-04-09 | 스트롱 포스 아이오티 포트폴리오 2016, 엘엘씨 | 대규모 데이터 세트들을 갖는 산업 사물 인터넷 데이터 수집 환경에서의 검출을 위한 방법들 및 시스템들 |
| CN112941567B (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2024-02-23 | 东北大学 | 潮湿气氛的高温熔盐电解的电化学方法和装置 |
| CN113851681B (zh) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-04-07 | 倍有云端科技(广东)有限公司 | 便携式新能源汽车用的车载制氢器 |
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| EP2589100A1 (fr) | 2013-05-08 |
| FR2961756B1 (fr) | 2014-03-07 |
| JP5847175B2 (ja) | 2016-01-20 |
| CN103004000A (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
| US9080241B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 |
| FR2961756A1 (fr) | 2011-12-30 |
| US20130115535A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
| EP2589100B1 (fr) | 2014-10-29 |
| JP2013538934A (ja) | 2013-10-17 |
| WO2012000744A1 (fr) | 2012-01-05 |
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