CN102997169A - 利用上升气流和飞轮电池发电的路灯及其使用方法 - Google Patents

利用上升气流和飞轮电池发电的路灯及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN102997169A
CN102997169A CN2012105508105A CN201210550810A CN102997169A CN 102997169 A CN102997169 A CN 102997169A CN 2012105508105 A CN2012105508105 A CN 2012105508105A CN 201210550810 A CN201210550810 A CN 201210550810A CN 102997169 A CN102997169 A CN 102997169A
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冯静
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    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S9/00—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply
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    • F21S9/043—Lighting devices with a built-in power supply; Systems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply the power supply being a generator driven by wind power, e.g. by wind turbines
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种利用上升气流和飞轮电池发电的路灯及其使用方法，其特点是路灯的立柱内设置风力发电机，立柱上部设置弧面风帽，立柱中设置飞轮电池和控制电路，立柱为透明材料，且设有盐层。使用方法：气流流过弧形风帽，流速加快，压强降低，压强高的气流从下而上，形成一股强上升气流；另一方面，立柱内的黑色的盐层吸收太阳光的热量，被加热的空气向上，形成另一股强上升气流；上述两股强上升气流，推动立柱中风力发电机转动发电，供路灯照明。有益效果：由于发电设施均在路灯立柱内部，维修的几率低。利用盐层作为太阳能发电的设施，比太阳能电池板，具有成本低，寿命长的优点。利用飞轮电池代替化学蓄电池，避免了化学电池的环境污染。

Description

利用上升气流和飞轮电池发电的路灯及其使用方法
技术领域
本发明属于照明设备，尤其是涉及一种利用自然能源发电的路灯。
背景技术
   为了节约能源，保护环境，目前已经出现了几种利用太阳能和风能提供电力的路灯。太阳能发电主要是利用太阳能电池板，风能发电主要是利用路灯顶部安装的风力发电机。上述发电装置均暴露在外，日晒雨淋，使用寿命较低，维修几率高，导致使用成本上升。
现有的太阳能和风能路灯的另一个缺点是需配置化学电池，而化学电池要定期维护，且使用寿命有限，废弃电池也会对环境造成污染，这种状态也有待改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述自然能源发电的路灯，提出一种维修几率较低的自然能源发电的路灯：将发电装置设置在能挡风遮雨的路灯立柱内部，利用路灯立柱内的上升气流发电，为路灯提供稳定的电源；并且不使用化学电池蓄电。
本发明的具体技术装置是这样实现的：包括路灯立柱、路灯发光件，其特征是，在路灯立柱上部设置一弧面风帽，路灯立柱内设置多只风力发电机和一飞轮电池及控制电路，路灯立柱下部设有多个进风口；控制电路分别与多只风力发电机、飞轮电池及路灯发光件连接；
路灯立柱为透明材料，路灯立柱的朝北的部分，设有透明材料制作的半圆筒，半圆筒与路灯立柱等长，两者之间设有盐层；盐层中盐的表面设为黑色；
所述的控制电路包括单片机及钮扣电池电源、整流电路、稳压电路、电力电子变换器、继电器和光敏检测单元；所述的多只风力发电机、整流电路、稳压电路、单片机、继电器、路灯发光件顺序连接，钮扣电池电源、光敏检测单元分别与单片机连接，单片机还与电力电子变换器、飞轮电池顺序连接；
上述装置的使用方法：
气流流过弧形风帽，流速加快，压强降低，路灯立柱下部压强高的气流流向上部，形成一股强上升气流，流向外界；另一方面，路灯立柱内的黑色的盐层吸收太阳光的热量，并将热量储存在盐层中，吸收的太阳光的热量加热了路灯立柱内的空气，被加热的空气向上，形成另一股强上升气流，流向外界；这样，上述两股强上升气流，推动路灯立柱中多只风力发电机转动发电；
多只风力发电机发出的电，通过控制电路，由电能变换成机械动能储存在飞轮电池中；飞轮电池逐渐积累机械动能；
当控制电路检测到环境亮度不足时，接通飞轮电池与路灯发光件之间的电连接，飞轮电池将机械动能变换成电能，供电于路灯发光件照明；当控制电路检测到环境亮度充足时，断开飞轮电池与路灯发光件之间的电连接，飞轮电池停止向路灯发光件供电，路灯发光件熄灭，飞轮电池继续储存机械动能；
如此周而复始，路灯发光件依靠自然能源发的电，在夜间照明，白天熄灭。
本发明与现有的路灯相比有如下有益效果：
一、由于利用自然能源的发电设施均在路灯立柱内部，维修的几率较低，从而使用成本较低。
二、本发明利用黑色盐层作为太阳能发电的设施，与太阳能电池板相比较，具有成本低，寿命长的优点。
三、利用飞轮电池代替化学电池储存电力，避免了化学电池的环境污染，也避免了化学电池寿命短，须经常维护的缺点。
附图说明
下面结合图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的总体示意图。
图2是图1的剖视图。
图3是图2中的路灯立柱1的横截面示意图。
图4是飞轮电池的示意图。
图5是本发明的电路框图。
具体实施方式
本发明是在路灯立柱1内设置了多只风力发电机2（见图2）。在路灯立柱上部设置一弧面风帽12。路灯立柱中设置飞轮电池3和控制电路5（实物未画出）。其中的连接关系参见图5的电路框图。这样，发电的装置均在路灯立柱1内部，以防止在风吹雨淋状态下迅速的损耗。
飞轮电池3可以代替化学电池作为电源供电于路灯发光件4。公知典型的飞轮电池3参见图4，其由飞轮电池的飞轮311、轴承312、飞轮电池的电动/发电机313和真空室314四个主要组件构成。飞轮电池的电机和飞轮电池的飞轮都使用磁轴承，使其悬浮，以减少机械摩擦，同时将飞轮电池的飞轮和飞轮电池的电机放置在真空容器中，以减少空气摩擦。这样的飞轮电池的输入输出净效率可达95%左右。所述飞轮电池的电动/发电机313是电动发电互逆式双向电机。电力电子变换器55从外部输入电能，驱动飞轮电池的电动机旋转，飞轮电池的电动机带动飞轮电池的飞轮旋转，飞轮电池的飞轮储存机械动能。当外部负载需要能量时，飞轮电池的飞轮带动飞轮电池的发电机旋转，将机械动能转化为电能，再通过电力电子变换器55变成负载所需要的各种频率、电压等级的电能以满足不同的需求。电力电子变换器55通常是应用MOSFETT和 IGBT组成的双向逆变器。
控制电路5参见图5，其包括单片机51及钮扣电池电源52、整流电路53、稳压电路54、电力电子变换器55、继电器56和光敏检测单元57；所述的多只风力发电机2、整流电路53、稳压电路54、单片机51、继电器56、路灯发光件4顺序连接，钮扣电池电源52、光敏检测单元57分别与单片机51连接，单片机51还通过电力电子变换器55与飞轮电池3连接。
多只风力发电机2发出的电，经整流电路53的整流，再经稳压电路54的稳压，通过单片机51的控制，通过电力电子变换器55驱动飞轮电池的电动机313转动，飞轮电池的电动机313带动飞轮电池的飞轮311旋转，飞轮电池的飞轮311储存机械动能；当单片机51从光敏检测单元57中的光敏传感器的获得开灯讯号，则单片机51控制导通电力电子变换器55和飞轮电池3，单片机同时也控制导通继电器56，飞轮电池3发出的电经电力子变换器55、单片机51和继电器56供电于路灯发光件4照明。当单片机51从光敏检测单元57中的光敏传感器的获得闭灯讯号，则单片机51控制飞轮电池3停止发电，同时也闭合继电器56，路灯发光件4熄灭。如果由时间设定单元代替光敏检测单元，也可以实现路灯的自动启闭。光敏检测单元或时间设定单元这类控制电路，均是公知的电路。上述飞轮电池3和控制电路5均是所属技术领域的技术人员所熟识的，不再详细累述。
路灯立柱1下部设有多个进风口11。当自然气流流过弧形风帽12，流速会加快，根据伯努利原理，路灯立柱1上部的压强降低，路灯立柱1下部压强高的气流流向上部，形成一股强上升气流，从风帽下出去，流向外界。气流越快（或者说风越大），上升气流强度越大。该强上升气流是推动风力发电机2转动的第一股动力源。根据烟筒效应，路灯立柱1越高，该上升气流强度也越大。
推动风力发电机2转动的还有另一股上升的气流：本发明的路灯立柱1为透明材料，可以透过太阳光线。太阳光加热路灯立柱1中的空气，根据热空气上升的原理，推动风力发电机2转动发电。为了在晚上没有太阳时，路灯立柱1内仍有上升的热气流，在路灯立柱1的朝北的部分，设有透明材料制作的半圆筒8（见图3），半圆筒8与路灯立柱1等长。在半圆筒8与路灯立柱1之间设有盐层9（盐具有良好的储热性能，在晚间能够放出热量，加热路灯立柱1内的空气）；盐层9中盐的表面设为吸收太阳光热良好的黑色，该黑色可以用涂黑色颜料的方法加以实现。该黑色有利于吸收太阳光的热量，加热路灯立柱1内的空气。如果在盐层9中的储热不足，热气流会减弱或消失。但前面提到的由压强差形成的强上升气流依然存在，即第一股动力源依然存在，仍旧会推动多只风力发电机2转动发电。
综上所述，本发明使用的方法是这样实现的：
当气流流过弧形风帽12，流速会加快，根据伯努利原理，路灯立柱1上部的压强降低，路灯立柱1下部压强高的气流流向上部，形成一股强上升气流，流向外界；另一方面，路灯立柱1内的黑色的盐层9吸收太阳光的热量，并将热量储存在盐层9中，吸收的太阳光的热量加热了路灯立柱1内的空气，被加热的空气向上，形成另一股强上升气流，流向外界；这样，上述两股强上升气流，推动路灯立柱1中多只风力发电机2转动发电。
多只风力发电机2发出的电，通过控制电路5，由电能变换成机械动能储存在飞轮电池3中；飞轮电池3逐渐积累机械动能；
当控制电路5中的光敏传感器检测到环境亮度不足时，控制电路5接通飞轮电池3与路灯发光件4之间的电连接，飞轮电池3通过控制电路5将机械动能变换成电能，供电于路灯发光件4照明；当控制电路5中的光敏传感器检测到环境亮度充足时，控制电路5断开飞轮电池3与路灯发光件4之间的电连接，飞轮电池3停止向路灯发光件4供电，路灯发光件4熄灭，飞轮电池3继续储存机械动能；
如此周而复始，路灯发光件4依靠自然能源发的电，在夜间照明，白天熄灭。

Claims (2)

1.一种利用上升气流和飞轮电池发电的路灯的使用方法，包括路灯立柱、路灯发光件，其特征是，在路灯立柱上部设置一弧面风帽，路灯立柱内设置多只风力发电机和一飞轮电池及控制电路，路灯立柱下部设有多个进风口；控制电路分别与多只风力发电机、飞轮电池及路灯发光件连接；
路灯立柱为透明材料，路灯立柱的朝北的部分，设有透明材料制作的半圆筒，半圆筒与路灯立柱等长，两者之间设有盐层；盐层中盐的表面设为黑色；
上述装置的使用方法：
气流流过弧形风帽，流速加快，压强降低，路灯立柱下部压强高的气流流向上部，形成一股强上升气流，流向外界；另一方面，路灯立柱内的黑色的盐层吸收太阳光的热量，并将热量储存在盐层中，吸收的太阳光的热量加热了路灯立柱内的空气，被加热的空气向上，形成另一股强上升气流，流向外界；这样，上述两股强上升气流，推动路灯立柱中多只风力发电机转动发电；
多只风力发电机发出的电，通过控制电路，由电能变换成机械动能储存在飞轮电池中；飞轮电池逐渐积累机械动能；
当控制电路检测到环境亮度不足时，接通飞轮电池与路灯发光件之间的电连接，飞轮电池将机械动能变换成电能，供电于路灯发光件照明；当控制电路检测到环境亮度充足时，断开飞轮电池与路灯发光件之间的电连接，飞轮电池停止向路灯发光件供电，路灯发光件熄灭，飞轮电池继续储存机械动能；
如此周而复始，路灯发光件依靠自然能源发的电，在夜间照明，白天熄灭。
2.如权利要求1所述的利用上升气流和飞轮电池发电的路灯的使用方法，其特征是，其中所述的控制电路包括单片机及钮扣电池电源、整流电路、稳压电路、电力电子变换器、继电器和光敏检测单元；所述的多只风力发电机、整流电路、稳压电路、单片机、继电器、路灯发光件顺序连接，钮扣电池电源、光敏检测单元分别与单片机连接，单片机还与电力电子变换器、飞轮电池顺序连接。
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