CN102992918B - Method for matching and applying nitrification inhibitor and biomass carbon to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for matching and applying nitrification inhibitor and biomass carbon to improve nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102992918B CN102992918B CN201210488366.9A CN201210488366A CN102992918B CN 102992918 B CN102992918 B CN 102992918B CN 201210488366 A CN201210488366 A CN 201210488366A CN 102992918 B CN102992918 B CN 102992918B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for matching and applying a nitrification inhibitor and biomass carbon to improve a nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate and an application thereof. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: smoldering crop straws to prepare the biomass carbon; and mixing dicyandiamide and the biomass carbon and applying the mixture into soil; and adding an ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. When the application amount of an ammonium state or an amide state is 200-400 mgN per kg of soil, the utilization amount of the dicyandiamide is 5-50 mg/kg and the utilization amount of the biomass carbon is 50 g per kg of the soil. The method comprises the following specific application steps of: mixing the biomass carbon and the dicyandiamide and applying the mixture on surface-layer soil to be sufficiently mixed with the soil; and then, applying a chemical nitrogen fertilizer according to a conventional method. The method utilizes the characteristic that the biomass carbon has the very strong adsorption capability on the nitrification inhibitor and the dicyandiamide; before a chemical fertilizer is applied, the biomass carbon and the dicyandiamide are mixed and applied into the soil; and the keeping time of the dicyandiamide in the soil is improved and the inhibition effect of a nitration reaction of converting ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen is prolonged, so that the leaching loss of nitrogen is reduced and the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to compound manure development field, relate to and utilize nitrification inhibitor and biomass charcoal compounding application to reduce Nitrogen Leaching loss, improve the utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer.
Background technology
Dao Mai crop rotation district, Taihu Lake agricultural land soil amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer can reach annual 500-600kg N/ha (Xing et al., 2001.Sci.China Ser.B), under Protected Cultivation, amount of nitrogen is even up to 1000kg N/ha (Jiang Huimin etc., 2010. agro-environment science journals), and China's farmland utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer often only has 30% left and right (Zhu Zhaoliang, 1992. Science Press), and (Jiang Jun etc., 2005. Agricultural University Of Nanjing's journals) decline along with the increase of amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer.After nitrogenous fertilizer is manured into soil, by leaching, runoff, volatilization, nitrated-approach such as denitrification, lose, not only cause the waste of fertilizer, the energy, also caused a series of environmental problem, comprise body eutrophication, Nitrate content in ground water increases, soil physics structure deteriorate (Zhu Zhaoliang, 1992. Science Press), crop alimentary imbalance, nitrate content raises, and quality declines, disease and pest is easily sent out (Li Junliang etc., 2003. soil journals) etc.
The method that improves nitrogenous fertilizer utilization comprises: improve nitrogen application mode, and balance fertilizing, Rational Irrigation, is used (Zhu Zhaoliang, 1992. Science Presses) such as slow-release nitrogen fertilizers.Because soil belt negative charge, positively charged ion ammonium nitrogen is had to very strong confinement capabilities, but negatively charged ion nitric nitrogen is had to repulsive interaction (Ippolito et al., 2011.Soil Sci.), use in theory nitrification inhibitor and can hinder ammonium nitrogen to the transformation of nitric nitrogen, reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (Zhu Zhaoliang, 1992. Science Presses).Yet because leaching loss occurs nitrification inhibitor itself, cause it to the inhibition of nitration reaction (Bremner et al. lastingly, 1978.Soil Biol.Biochem.), this is also one of reason of not being promoted in the large tropical and subtropical region of China's annual rainfall of nitrification inhibitor.If take certain technical measures to extend the residence time of nitrification inhibitor in soil, can extend its inhibition to nitration reaction, yet the research of at present relevant this respect also seldom.
Agricultural crop straw is as a kind of solid waste, and the harvest season, a large amount of burning caused Air quality severe exacerbation (Lu Ping etc., 2011. China Environmental Sciences; Yin Cong etc., 2011. China Environmental Sciences), how rationally to process, dispose a large amount of crop materials and caused increasing concern.The crop material biomass charcoal that through anaerobism prepared by pyrolysis has higher cation exchange capacity; huge specific surface area and abundant organo-functional group; organic substance is had to stronger adsorptive power and very high loading capacity (Uchimiya et al., 2010.Chemosphere; Beesley et al., 2011.Environ.Pollut.; Xu et al., 2011.Bioresour.Technol.).Many results of study prove, biomass charcoal is applied directly to the nitrogen form that can affect in soil in soil to be changed, and minimizing greenhouse gas emission but can't reduce leaching loss (Sarkhot et al., the 2012.J.Environ.Qual. of Nitrogen In Soils; Bruun et al., 2012.Soil Sci.Soc.Am.J.).By biomass charcoal and nitrification inhibitor compounding application, perhaps can utilize the RETENTION BY SOILS of biomass charcoal to nitrification inhibitor, reduce its leaching loss, extend its inhibition to nitrogen nitrification, thereby reduce the leaching loss of nitrogenous fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem solving: the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method and application thereof that utilizes biomass charcoal sticking nitrification inhibitor Dyhard RU 100 (DCD), thereby extend its inhibition to inhibition acid amides state and ammonium fertilizer nitration reaction in soil, reduce the risk of phosphate leaching loss of nitrogenous fertilizer, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Technical scheme: nitrification inhibitor and biomass charcoal compounding application improve method, nitrification inhibitor Dyhard RU 100 and 300 ℃ of peanut straw charcoal compounding applications of firing of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
When ammonium state or amide nitrogen fertilizer amount of application are every kilogram of soil 200-400mg N, Dyhard RU 100 consumption is every kilogram of soil 5-50mg, and peanut straw charcoal amount of application is every kilogram of soil 5-50g.
First Dyhard RU 100 is mixed and imposes on topsoil with peanut straw charcoal, and fully mix with soil, then need to use chemical fertilizer according to farm crop.
The application of the method for nitrification inhibitor and biomass charcoal compounding application raising utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rain fed crop plantation.
Beneficial effect:
When add Dyhard RU 100 in soil, due to its restraining effect to nitrated microorganism, ammonium fertilizer is difficult for changing into nitric nitrogen, and soil surface is with negative charge, to positively charged ion NH
4 +there is very strong confinement capabilities, but to anion N O
3 -there is repulsive interaction, cause nitric nitrogen to be easy to rainfall and irrigation water leaching loss.Therefore, nitrification inhibitor has suppressed nitration reaction, has reduced the leaching loss of nitrogen.But because nitrification inhibitor is water miscible, itself is also easily with water leaching, or with runoff loss, therefore inhibiting nitrification effect is also not obvious, especially in the more and higher area of ground water table of annual rainfall, this phenomenon is particularly evident, and the effect that how to improve nitrification inhibitor is that pendulum is at the current a great problem (Zhu Zhaoliang of agricultural sciences worker always, 1992. Science Presses), however for the research of this respect, carry out at present both at home and abroad also seldom.If add biomass charcoal when using nitrification inhibitor, perhaps can utilize biomass charcoal the RETENTION BY SOILS of nitrification inhibitor to be reduced to leaching or the runoff loss of nitrification inhibitor.
Langxi, the Anhui red soil of take is example, when urea interpolation level is 400mgN/kg, when adding soil that Dyhard RU 100 processes culture experiment finishing through 94 days, accumulative total nitric nitrogen leaching loss is 131.0mgN/kg, and the control treatment nitric nitrogen leaching loss that does not add Dyhard RU 100 has reached 266.0mgN/kg.When Dyhard RU 100 mixes with biomass charcoal while using, nitric nitrogen leaching loss amount is only 33.4mgN/kg.Dyhard RU 100 and biomass charcoal be mixed to be executed, Dyhard RU 100 is processed, control treatment ammonium nitrogen leaching loss amount is respectively 79.8,66.6 and 63.7mg N/kg, and three is more or less the same.Dyhard RU 100 and biomass charcoal be mixed executes that to process total leaching loss amount of two kinds of form inorganic nitrogens minimum.As can be seen here, by biomass charcoal and nitrification inhibitor Dyhard RU 100 compounding application, effectively suppress the nitration reaction of ammonium state and amidonitrogen, reduced the leaching loss of nitric nitrogen.For pursuing high yield, China's farmland amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is very high, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is often lower, also causes the disadvantageous effects such as serious body eutrophication, crops quality decline, soil compaction.Compounding application biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100, not only reduced the leaching loss of nitrogen, improved utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, also reduces loss of nitrogen fertilizer and the pollution to surface water and groundwater thereof; Dyhard RU 100 degradation production in soil is ammonium and carbonic acid gas, can residual harmful substance in soil; Biomass charcoal itself is also a kind of organic fertilizer and soil physics texture modifier, when the nutritive elements such as the required N of crop, P, K, Ca, Mg are provided, can increase soil porosity, improves water retention in soil etc.Therefore, the present invention by adding biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100, coordinates plantation rain fed crop as corn, rape, wheat and sesame etc. in fertilising, reach improvement soil physical structure, reducing Nitrogen Leaching loss simultaneously, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, is a kind of modification method more friendly to environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that Langxi, Anhui red soil is adding under biomass charcoal condition, uses Dyhard RU 100 (DCD) to reduce the dynamic effect of nitrified nitrogen in soil leaching loss;
■ 50mg DCD/kg soil in figure, 50mg DCD/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal/kg soil;
Fig. 2 is Langxi, Anhui red soil when adding biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100 and cultivate, the dynamic effect of soil ammonium-state leaching loss;
■ 50mg DCD/kg soil in figure, 50mg DCD/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal/kg soil;
Fig. 3 is that Langxi, Anhui red soil is adding under biomass charcoal condition, uses Dyhard RU 100 to reduce the dynamic effect of nitrified nitrogen in soil leaching loss;
In figure ▲ and the urea of 200mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil of ■ 200mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal of 200mgN/kg soil/kg soil;
Fig. 4 is Langxi, Anhui red soil when adding biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100 and cultivate, the dynamic effect of soil ammonium-state leaching loss;
In figure ▲ and the urea of 200mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil of ■ 200mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal of 200mgN/kg soil/kg soil;
Fig. 5 is that Langxi, Anhui red soil is adding under biomass charcoal condition, uses Dyhard RU 100 to reduce the dynamic effect of nitrified nitrogen in soil leaching loss;
In figure ▲ and the urea of 400mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil of ■ 400mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal of 400mgN/kg soil/kg soil;
Fig. 6 is Langxi, Anhui red soil when adding biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100 and cultivate, the dynamic effect of soil ammonium-state leaching loss;
In figure ▲ and the urea of 400mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil of ■ 400mgN/kg soil, urea+50mg DCD/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal of 400mgN/kg soil/kg soil.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Take 50g and cross 20 object red soil (picking up from Langxi County, Anhui) in one group of plastics tubing, arrange respectively and add 50mg Dyhard RU 100/kg soil, 50mg Dyhard RU 100/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal/kg soil, the urea of 200mg N/kg soil, urea+50mg Dyhard RU 100 of 200mg N/kg soil/kg soil, urea+50mg Dyhard RU 100/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal/kg soil of 200mg N/kg soil, the urea of 400mg N/kg soil, urea+50mg Dyhard RU 100 of 400mg N/kg soil/kg is native, 8 kinds of combinations of urea soil+50mg Dyhard RU 100/kg soil+50g biomass charcoal of 400mg N/kg soil/kg soil are processed.After soil, nitrogenous fertilizer, biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100 are fully mixed, moisture content is adjusted to 60% of field capacity, 30 ℃ of cultivations of constant temperature, at the 10th, 24,38,52,73,94 days that cultivate by 25mL deionized water leaching for pedotheque, pedotheque after leaching continues uncovered cultivation in constant incubator, measures respectively ammonium nitrogen and nitric nitrogen amount in leaching liquor.
Owing to containing a certain amount of inorganic nitrogen in soil, simultaneously organonitrogen mineralising also produces inorganic nitrogen, and when only adding Dyhard RU 100 and processing soil incubation and finish, Nitrogen Leaching loss amount reaches 54.1mg N/kg.When Dyhard RU 100 and biomass charcoal compounding application, soil nitrogen leaching loss, for 39.3mg N/kg, has reduced by 27.3% (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).While adding the urea of 200mg N/kg soil in soil, Dyhard RU 100 is processed, Dyhard RU 100 and biomass charcoal be mixed to be executed the Nitrogen Leaching loss amount of processing soil and is respectively 136.8 and 76.0mg N/kg, and the Urea treatment (Nitrogen Leaching loss amount 223.3mg N/kg) that more only adds respectively 200mg N/kg soil reduces by 38.7% and 66.0%; When urea amount of application is 400mg N/kg soil, Dyhard RU 100 is processed, Dyhard RU 100 and biomass charcoal be mixed to be executed the Nitrogen Leaching loss of processing soil and is respectively 197.6 and 113.2mg N/kg, and the Urea treatment (Nitrogen Leaching loss amount 329.7mgN/kg) that more only adds respectively 400mg N/kg soil reduces by 40.0% and 65.7%.Biomass charcoal particle is larger, water insoluble, the character that density is lower has determined that it is not easy leaching loss in a short time, it has stronger confinement capabilities to Dyhard RU 100 simultaneously, so biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100 compounding application, can reduce the leaching loss of Dyhard RU 100, increase Dyhard RU 100 and in soil, hold the time of staying, more effectively suppress soil ammonium-state to the transformation of nitric nitrogen, thereby reduce Nitrogen Leaching loss, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.
Therefore, add biomass charcoal and Dyhard RU 100 simultaneously, owing to more effectively having suppressed the nitration reaction that soil ammonium-state transforms to nitric nitrogen, brought into play ammonium nitrogen compared with nitric nitrogen easily by the advantage of soil sticking, Nitrogen Leaching loss is significantly reduced, thereby can put forward the utilization ratio of high ammonium state and amidonitrogen element.
Embodiment 2
Nitrification inhibitor and biomass charcoal compounding application improve the method for rain fed crop utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, step is: Dyhard RU 100 is mixed and imposes on topsoil with peanut straw charcoal, and fully mix with soil, according to rain fed crop, need to use chemical fertilizer according to a conventional method.When wherein ammonium state or amide nitrogen fertilizer amount of application are every kilogram of soil 200-400mgN, Dyhard RU 100 consumption is every kilogram of soil 5-50mg, and peanut straw charcoal amount of application is every kilogram of soil 5-50g.Described peanut straw charcoal is 300 ℃ and fires the biomass charcoal forming.By accompanying drawing 3~6, can find out, Nitrogen Leaching loss amount can reduce by 66.0% left and right.
Claims (1)
1. the application of the method for nitrification inhibitor and biomass charcoal compounding application raising utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in rain fed crop plantation, is characterized in that nitrification inhibitor Dyhard RU 100 and 300 ℃ of peanut straw charcoal compounding applications of firing; When ammonium state or amide nitrogen fertilizer amount of application are every kilogram of soil 200-400 mg N, Dyhard RU 100 consumption is every kilogram of soil 5-50 mg, and peanut straw charcoal amount of application is every kilogram of soil 5-50 g; First Dyhard RU 100 is mixed and imposes on topsoil with peanut straw charcoal, and fully mix with soil, then need applied nitrogen according to farm crop.
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CN103396268A (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2013-11-20 | 琼州学院 | Carbon base long-acting nitrogen fertilizer biochemistry inhibitor and preparation method thereof |
CN105367207A (en) * | 2014-08-26 | 2016-03-02 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Nitrogen fertilizer synergist and application thereof |
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CN106582514A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-26 | 天津众华鑫环保科技有限公司 | Method for recycling biological waste in biomass charcoal |
CN109892059B (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2021-11-05 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Method for stepwise reducing excessive accumulation of nitrate and sulfate in soil |
CN110604017B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-06-22 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Promoting wheat NH4+Method and chemical preparation for assimilating and increasing grain yield |
CN112358360A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-12 | 天津亚德尔生物质科技股份有限公司 | Biomass charcoal-based fertilizer |
CN113563138A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-29 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Method for reducing soil nitrogen emission and nitrogen emission inhibitor used by same |
CN115136778A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-10-04 | 四川农业大学 | Method for cooperatively applying straw, biological or chemical nitrification inhibitor and nitrogen fertilizer |
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EP1070690A2 (en) * | 1999-07-20 | 2001-01-24 | Inabonos, S.A. | Nitrogenated fertilizer containing ureic, nitric, ammoniac and organic nitrogen, of gradual solubility and progressive nitrification, and preparation method |
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