CN102989954A - Forging method of excavator engine crankshaft - Google Patents
Forging method of excavator engine crankshaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN102989954A CN102989954A CN2012103009865A CN201210300986A CN102989954A CN 102989954 A CN102989954 A CN 102989954A CN 2012103009865 A CN2012103009865 A CN 2012103009865A CN 201210300986 A CN201210300986 A CN 201210300986A CN 102989954 A CN102989954 A CN 102989954A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a forging method of an excavator engine crankshaft. The forging method comprises the following steps of a, steel ingot casting: the steel ingot comprises the following chemical ingredients in percentage by weight: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cr, B and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities, wherein C is greater than or equal to 0.086 percent but is smaller than or equal to 0.150 percent, Si is greater than or equal to 1.20 percent but is smaller than or equal to 1.40 percent, Mn is greater than or equal to 1.10 percent but is smaller than or equal to 1.30 percent, P is greater than or equal to the trace quantity but is smaller than or equal to 0.030 percent, S is greater than or equal to the trace quantity but is smaller than or equal to 0.030 percent, Cr is greater than or equal to 2.50 percent but is smaller than or equal to 3.50 percent, B is greater than or equal to the trace quantity but is smaller than or equal to 0.0018 percent, the temperature of the steel ingot formed through casting is lowered to 350 DEG C and is then heated to 670 to 760 DEG C, the heat insulation is carried out for 3 to 5 hours, a furnace is cooled to 300 DEG C, the heat insulation is carried out for 3 hours, then, the steel ingot is heated to 650 to 760 DEG C, the heat insulation is carried out for 10 hours, and the steel ingot is cooled to 400 DEG C at 50 DEG C per hour and is then cooled to 180 DEG C at 20 DEG C; and b, forging step: 1, a forging process is selected for well-cast steel ingot; and 2, the raw material steel selected according to the crankshaft model is subjected to saw cutting, the baiting blank dimension is consistent with the forging process procedure, the inclination degree of the saw opening does not exceed 2 degrees through visual inspection, and the burr is not greater than 2mm. The forging method has the advantages that the large-batch industrial production is favorably realized, in addition, phenomena of pollution clamp and full filling incapability in the forging process are reduced, the mechanical performance of products is further improved, the material consumption of the products is reduced, and the mold service life of the products is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forging method of engine crankshaft of excavator.
Background technology
Bent axle is important parts on the engine, and its material is made by structural carbon steel or spheroidal graphite cast-iron, two significant points is arranged: trunnion and connecting rod neck.Trunnion is installed on the nullisomic, and connecting rod neck is connected with crank pin end pore, and connecting rod small end hole is connected with steam-cylinder piston, is a typical slider-crank mechanism.
Engine crankshaft is as important moving component, and designing requirement is high, simultaneously because of bent axle operating mode and abominable, thereby requires very strict to crankshaft material, Crankshaft Sizes precision, surface roughness, heat treatment and surface peening, dynamic balancing etc.Under the condition of producing in enormous quantities, traditional handicraft can not satisfy current design and Production requirement, long-time, run up down, the as easy as rolling off a log too early appearance of bent axle was lost efficacy or fracture, had a strong impact on life-span and the whole aircraft reliability of bent axle.
Summary of the invention
The forging method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of engine crankshaft of excavator, make it be beneficial to large batch of industrialized production, and the phenomenon that has reduced appearance folder dirt in the forging process, has been not fully filled, the mechanical property of product is further improved, save product materials, improved the die life of product.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of forging method of engine crankshaft of excavator may further comprise the steps:
A, cast steel ingot
Chemical component weight percentage is in the steel ingot: 0.086%≤C≤0.150%, 1.20%≤Si≤1.40%, 1.10%≤Mn≤1.30%, trace≤P≤0.030%, trace≤S≤0.030%, 2.50%≤Cr≤3.50%, trace≤B≤0.0018%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity; The steel ingot temperature of moulding by casting is down to 350 ℃, is heated to 670-760 ℃ again, is incubated 3-5 hour, and stove is chilled to 300 ℃, is incubated 3 hours, is heated to 650-760 ℃ again, is incubated 10 hours, is cooled to 400 ℃ with 50 ℃/hour, again with 20 ℃/hour, is cooled to 180 ℃;
B, forging step
1) steel ingot of, selecting Forging Technology to pour into a mould;
2), the raw steel selected according to the bent axle model carries out sawing, the size of blanking blank is consistent with the Forging Technology rules, range estimation saw kerf gradient is no more than 2 °, burr is not more than 2mm;
3), use two chambers to push away the skewer stove blank is heated, the temperature of blank is controlled at 1180 ℃～1240 ℃, be 40 ± 9min heat time heating time, during regularly check temperature and the record of blank with the optics thermometer;
4), the blank that heats is placed on beat on the oxide skin machine oxide skin of blank surface is cleared up;
5) the press-bending impression that the blank that, will clear up is put into hammer forging die bends, bang one hammer, then overturn 270 °, blank is put into the terminal section impression of hammer forging die, the temperature of bending is controlled at 1230 ℃～1280 ℃, constantly clears up oxide skin in the press-bending thorax with compressed air in the press-bending process;
6), blank is placed in the finish impression of hammer forging die, 1st, 2 hammers touch, 3rd, 4 hammer bangs, forging still can not be taken up after the 3rd, 4 hammer bangs, then levers up forging and is sprinkled into the wet saw end, and then forging is made in bang, continuous in the oxide skin in the compressed air cleaning finish impression in finish-forging, the temperature of finish-forging stage forging is greater than 850 ℃, and forging will be handled with care, every finish after the cooling and lubricating impression;
7), use edger that forging is cut edge, the hot trimming temperature is greater than 800 ℃, after the side cut forging is piled up on the bin of special use, when forging is cooled to forging to be poured out below 300 ℃;
C, heat treatment
Bent axle after forging through step b is heated to 980 ℃ and be incubated 1-2h, and oil cooling does not reheat to 680 ℃-750 ℃ temperature range and is incubated 2h to not being higher than after 100 ℃, afterwards water-cooled; Through after the temper, head with bent axle is heated to 320-380 ℃ again, be incubated 4-5 hour, then the cooling processing of spraying, the afterbody of bent axle is incubated 6-8 hour at 900-1020 ℃, then air cooling, last bent axle middle part heat again to temperature be 160～180 ℃, be incubated 2-3 hour, put into iron case cooling in heap;
D, with the workpiece Shot Blasting after the heat treatment;
E, with the piece packaging of Shot Blasting.
Head through the bent axle after the Shot Blasting is heated to 350 ℃, is incubated 4.5 hours, the cooling processing of then spraying, the afterbody of bent axle is incubated 7 hours, then air cooling at 990 ℃, last bent axle middle part heat again to temperature be 170 ℃, be incubated 2.5 hours, put into iron case cooling in heap.
The present invention passes through technique scheme, overall structure is scientific and reasonable, during use, only need the bent axle with different model, according to length, owing to have the adaptability that can regulate different model, during production, it is temperature required only to need once spindle nose to be heated to technique, but just one-shot forming, thus, the traditional handicraft trouble that has reduced heating for multiple times and repeatedly forged, the corresponding energy consumption that reduced, having reduced material consumption and cost drops into, machining accuracy improves greatly, and compared with prior art stock utilization is brought up to more than 90% by present 65%, and power consumption reduces about 70%, recruitment reduces 3/4ths, a machine tool two people operate the malleable workpiece of split run more than 550, improve about 4 times of work efficiency, the good effect highly significant of generation.
It is as follows that mechanical property of the present invention detects data:
Tensile strength 〉=924 Mpa
Yield strength 〉=736 Mpa
Percentage elongation 〉=16%
The contraction percentage of area 〉=45%
Brinell hardness HB=217-249.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is metallographic structure figure of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
A kind of forging method of engine crankshaft of excavator may further comprise the steps:
A, cast steel ingot
Chemical component weight percentage is in the steel ingot: 0.086%≤C≤0.150%, 1.20%≤Si≤1.40%, 1.10%≤Mn≤1.30%, trace≤P≤0.030%, trace≤S≤0.030%, 2.50%≤Cr≤3.50%, trace≤B≤0.0018%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity; The steel ingot temperature of moulding by casting is down to 350 ℃, is heated to 670-760 ℃ again, is incubated 3-5 hour, and stove is chilled to 300 ℃, is incubated 3 hours, is heated to 650-760 ℃ again, is incubated 10 hours, is cooled to 400 ℃ with 50 ℃/hour, again with 20 ℃/hour, is cooled to 180 ℃;
B, forging step
1) steel ingot of, selecting Forging Technology to pour into a mould;
2), the raw steel selected according to the bent axle model carries out sawing, the size of blanking blank is consistent with the Forging Technology rules, range estimation saw kerf gradient is no more than 2 °, burr is not more than 2mm;
3), use two chambers to push away the skewer stove blank is heated, the temperature of blank is controlled at 1180 ℃～1240 ℃, be 40 ± 9min heat time heating time, during regularly check temperature and the record of blank with the optics thermometer;
4), the blank that heats is placed on beat on the oxide skin machine oxide skin of blank surface is cleared up;
5) the press-bending impression that the blank that, will clear up is put into hammer forging die bends, bang one hammer, then overturn 270 °, blank is put into the terminal section impression of hammer forging die, the temperature of bending is controlled at 1230 ℃～1280 ℃, constantly clears up oxide skin in the press-bending thorax with compressed air in the press-bending process;
6), blank is placed in the finish impression of hammer forging die, 1st, 2 hammers touch, 3rd, 4 hammer bangs, forging still can not be taken up after the 3rd, 4 hammer bangs, then levers up forging and is sprinkled into the wet saw end, and then forging is made in bang, continuous in the oxide skin in the compressed air cleaning finish impression in finish-forging, the temperature of finish-forging stage forging is greater than 850 ℃, and forging will be handled with care, every finish after the cooling and lubricating impression;
7), use edger that forging is cut edge, the hot trimming temperature is greater than 800 ℃, after the side cut forging is piled up on the bin of special use, when forging is cooled to forging to be poured out below 300 ℃;
C, heat treatment
Bent axle after forging through step b is heated to 980 ℃ and be incubated 1-2h, and oil cooling does not reheat to 680 ℃-750 ℃ temperature range and is incubated 2h to not being higher than after 100 ℃, afterwards water-cooled; Through after the temper, head with bent axle is heated to 320-380 ℃ again, be incubated 4-5 hour, then the cooling processing of spraying, the afterbody of bent axle is incubated 6-8 hour at 900-1020 ℃, then air cooling, last bent axle middle part heat again to temperature be 160～180 ℃, be incubated 2-3 hour, put into iron case cooling in heap;
D, with the workpiece Shot Blasting after the heat treatment;
The head of the bent axle after e, the process Shot Blasting is heated to 350 ℃, is incubated 4.5 hours, the cooling processing of then spraying, the afterbody of bent axle is incubated 7 hours, then air cooling at 990 ℃, last bent axle middle part heat again to temperature be 170 ℃, be incubated 2.5 hours, put into iron case cooling in heap;
F, with the piece packaging of Shot Blasting.
Bent axle metallographic microstructure Fig. 1 of the present invention is as follows, and evaluation result is qualified.
Claims (2)
1. the forging method of an engine crankshaft of excavator is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
A, cast steel ingot
Chemical component weight percentage is in the steel ingot: 0.086%≤C≤0.150%, 1.20%≤Si≤1.40%, 1.10%≤Mn≤1.30%, trace≤P≤0.030%, trace≤S≤0.030%, 2.50%≤Cr≤3.50%, trace≤B≤0.0018%, surplus are iron and inevitable impurity; The steel ingot temperature of moulding by casting is down to 350 ℃, is heated to 670-760 ℃ again, is incubated 3-5 hour, and stove is chilled to 300 ℃, is incubated 3 hours, is heated to 650-760 ℃ again, is incubated 10 hours, is cooled to 400 ℃ with 50 ℃/hour, again with 20 ℃/hour, is cooled to 180 ℃;
B, forging step
1) steel ingot of, selecting Forging Technology to pour into a mould;
2), the raw steel selected according to the bent axle model carries out sawing, the size of blanking blank is consistent with the Forging Technology rules, range estimation saw kerf gradient is no more than 2 °, burr is not more than 2mm;
3), use two chambers to push away the skewer stove blank is heated, the temperature of blank is controlled at 1180 ℃～1240 ℃, be 40 ± 9min heat time heating time, during regularly check temperature and the record of blank with the optics thermometer;
4), the blank that heats is placed on beat on the oxide skin machine oxide skin of blank surface is cleared up;
5) the press-bending impression that the blank that, will clear up is put into hammer forging die bends, bang one hammer, then overturn 270 °, blank is put into the terminal section impression of hammer forging die, the temperature of bending is controlled at 1230 ℃～1280 ℃, constantly clears up oxide skin in the press-bending thorax with compressed air in the press-bending process;
6), blank is placed in the finish impression of hammer forging die, 1st, 2 hammers touch, 3rd, 4 hammer bangs, forging still can not be taken up after the 3rd, 4 hammer bangs, then levers up forging and is sprinkled into the wet saw end, and then forging is made in bang, continuous in the oxide skin in the compressed air cleaning finish impression in finish-forging, the temperature of finish-forging stage forging is greater than 850 ℃, and forging will be handled with care, every finish after the cooling and lubricating impression;
7), use edger that forging is cut edge, the hot trimming temperature is greater than 800 ℃, after the side cut forging is piled up on the bin of special use, when forging is cooled to forging to be poured out below 300 ℃;
C, heat treatment
Bent axle after forging through step b is heated to 980 ℃ and be incubated 1-2h, and oil cooling does not reheat to 680 ℃-750 ℃ temperature range and is incubated 2h to not being higher than after 100 ℃, afterwards water-cooled; Through after the temper, head with bent axle is heated to 320-380 ℃ again, be incubated 4-5 hour, then the cooling processing of spraying, the afterbody of bent axle is incubated 6-8 hour at 900-1020 ℃, then air cooling, last bent axle middle part heat again to temperature be 160～180 ℃, be incubated 2-3 hour, put into iron case cooling in heap;
D, with the workpiece Shot Blasting after the heat treatment;
E, with the piece packaging of Shot Blasting.
2. the forging method of described engine crankshaft of excavator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, head through the bent axle after the Shot Blasting is heated to 350 ℃, is incubated 4.5 hours, the cooling processing of then spraying, the afterbody of bent axle is at 990 ℃, be incubated 7 hours, air cooling then, last bent axle middle part heat again to temperature be 170 ℃, be incubated 2.5 hours, put into iron case cooling in heap.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2012103009865A CN102989954A (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Forging method of excavator engine crankshaft |
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| CN2012103009865A CN102989954A (en) | 2012-08-22 | 2012-08-22 | Forging method of excavator engine crankshaft |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105057523A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽蓝博旺机械集团合诚机械有限公司 | Method for producing roller for forklift steering axle |
| CN105057997A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-11-18 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Camshaft machining and manufacturing process adopting Zn-Al-Ti-Mg series alloy steel as material |
| CN109663877A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-23 | 郑州煤机格林材料科技有限公司 | A kind of column cylinder bottom forges technique |
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| CN1540004A (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2004-10-27 | 中国重型汽车集团有限公司 | Therma processing method for crankshaft of high-power engine |
| CN1873042A (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Steel for forging having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and crankshaft |
| CN101492790A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-29 | 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 | High-power diesel engine crank axle |
| CN101713489A (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-05-26 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Forged product and crankshaft manufactured from it |
| CN101823116A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-08 | 林素伟 | Forging process for engine crankshaft of excavator |
| JP2010221246A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for manufacturing forging product |
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2012
- 2012-08-22 CN CN2012103009865A patent/CN102989954A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1540004A (en) * | 2003-11-03 | 2004-10-27 | 中国重型汽车集团有限公司 | Therma processing method for crankshaft of high-power engine |
| CN1873042A (en) * | 2005-06-03 | 2006-12-06 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Steel for forging having excellent hydrogen embrittlement resistance and crankshaft |
| CN101713489A (en) * | 2008-09-30 | 2010-05-26 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Forged product and crankshaft manufactured from it |
| CN101492790A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-29 | 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 | High-power diesel engine crank axle |
| JP2010221246A (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | Method for manufacturing forging product |
| CN101823116A (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2010-09-08 | 林素伟 | Forging process for engine crankshaft of excavator |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105057523A (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽蓝博旺机械集团合诚机械有限公司 | Method for producing roller for forklift steering axle |
| CN105057997A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-11-18 | 无锡桥阳机械制造有限公司 | Camshaft machining and manufacturing process adopting Zn-Al-Ti-Mg series alloy steel as material |
| CN109663877A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-23 | 郑州煤机格林材料科技有限公司 | A kind of column cylinder bottom forges technique |
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