CN102989449B - Preparation method of C-Pt-codoped TiO2 nanometer material - Google Patents
Preparation method of C-Pt-codoped TiO2 nanometer material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102989449B CN102989449B CN201210501752.7A CN201210501752A CN102989449B CN 102989449 B CN102989449 B CN 102989449B CN 201210501752 A CN201210501752 A CN 201210501752A CN 102989449 B CN102989449 B CN 102989449B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium dioxide nanometer photocatalytic materials and particularly relates to a preparation method of a C-Pt-codoped TiO2 nanometer material. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding tetrabutyl titanate into an organic solvent containing chloroplatinic acid with certain mass, carrying out stirring to enable the solution to be uniformly mixed, igniting mixed liquor, so as to obtain gray solid after finishing combustion. According to a nanometer TiO2 composite material prepared by using the method, in a sacrificial agent system (methanol) and a pure water system, the activity of hydrogen prepared by photocatalytic water splitting is higher than the activities of C-single-doped TiO2 and P25, and meanwhile, the composite material expresses good photocatalytic degradation activity to methylene blue. According to the preparation method of the C-Pt-codoped TiO2 nanometer material, the method is very simple, special equipment is unnecessary, any waste is not generated, the subsequent thermal treatment is unnecessary, and the energy conservation and the emission reduction are realized in the preparation process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to titanium dioxide nano photocatalysis material technical field, be specifically related to a kind of novel preparation method of C, Pt codope titanium dioxide catalysis material.
Background technology
Semiconductor light-catalyst, owing to can be widely used in the process of organic pollution, the purification of air, the production etc. of clean energy resource, more and more receives the concern of people.In numerous semiconductor light-catalyst, TiO
2there is nontoxic, active high, stable chemical nature, the advantage such as inexpensive, become the study hotspot of current photocatalysis field.But TiO
2energy gap comparatively large (Eg ≈ 3.2 eV), can only absorb the ultraviolet light accounting in sunshine about 4%, meanwhile, light induced electron and hole-recombination probability higher, cause TiO
2photo-generated carrier utilization ratio lower.Therefore, TiO is expanded
2light abstraction width, reduce the compound of photo-generated carrier and become research and prepare efficient TiO
2the key factor of photochemical catalyst, the method related to mainly contains metal, nonmetal doping, noble metal loading, semiconductors coupling, the sensitization etc. of dyestuff and quantum dot.
C is as the typical nonmetalloid of one, and the energy of its outer 2p track, higher than the 2p track of oxygen, after the 2p track of C and the 2p orbital hybridization of O, makes TiO
2part valence band on move, reduce TiO
2band-gap energy, therefore can absorb visible ray, thus by the electron excitation in valence band to conduction band, realize the red shift of absorption spectrum
(1).And by the noble metal loading of trace at nano-TiO
2surface, the electronics that illumination can be made to generate and hole respectively localization, on noble metal and semiconductor light-catalyst, are conducive to the separation of electron-hole pair, greatly can improve TiO
2photocatalytic activity
(2).In numerous noble metal, Pt has the highest work function, and the work function of metal is larger, and electronics is easier from TiO
2flow to this metal.In addition, for photocatalysis hydrogen production, the mainly electronic energy be concerned about from then on metal is sent to surface and reacts generation hydrogen with water, and this just needs the noble metal deposited not only will can catch electronics, also want electronics outwards to be transmitted effectively, Pt is exactly the desirable noble metal with this advantage
(3).By C and Pt codope to TiO
2in, due to the synergy of both various favorable factors, not only can by TiO
2spectral absorption is extended to visible region, can also suppress the compound that photo-generate electron-hole is right, improves the reducing power of Pair production water.
Doped Ti O
2preparation method mainly comprise: sol-gel process
(4,5), template
(6), chemical precipitation method
(7), microemulsion method
(8)deng.But these preparation methods are comparatively complicated, required time is longer.Noble metal loading be generally under UV-irradiation by noble-metal-supported at nano-TiO
2surface, but irradiation time wants long enough (>=30 min), in addition also will through subsequent treatment such as filtering, wash, be dry.
The present invention has prepared the TiO of C, Pt codope by means of only one-step method
2powder body material, experimental result shows, nano-TiO prepared by the method
2no matter composite is in sacrifice agent system (methyl alcohol) or in pure aquatic system, and the activity of its photocatalytic hydrogen production by water decomposition is all higher than the TiO of single doping C
2and the activity of P25, this composite shows good Photocatalytic activity to methylene blue simultaneously.
bibliography:
(1)M. Matsuoka, M. Kitano, M. Takeuchi, K. Tsujimaru, M. Anpo, J.M. Thomas, Catal. Today 122 (2007) 51.
(2)P V. Kamat, J. Phys. Chem. Lett.3 (2012) 663.
(3)G.R. Bamwenda, S. Tsubota, T. Nakamura, M. Haruta, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. 89 (1995) 177.
(4)T.Sreethawong, S.Laehsalee, S.Chavadej, Catal.Commun.10 (2009) 538.
(5)R. Subasri, M.Tripathi, K.Murugan, J.Revathi, G.V.N.Rao, T.N.Rao,Mater. Chem. Phys. 124(2010) 63.
(6)H. Wang, Z. Wu, Y. Liu, J. Phys. Chem. C 113 (2009) 13317.
(7)X.J.Quan, H.Q.Tan, Q.H. Zhao, J. Mater. Sci. 42 (2007) 6287.
(8)C.E. Zubieta, J.F.A.S. Martínez, C.V.Luengo, P.C.Schulz, Powd. Tech. 212 (2011) 410。
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simple, save time, without the need to subsequent treatment, preparation C, Pt co-doped nano TiO of discharging without organic liquid waste
2preparation method.
A kind of C, Pt codope TiO provided by the invention
2the preparation method of nano material, concrete steps are as follows: concrete steps are as follows: joined by butyl titanate in certain density chloroplatinic acid organic solution, the content of Pt is 0.1-0.6wt%, stirring makes solution mix, above-mentioned mixed solution is lighted, obtain gray solid after end to be combusted, be target product, the organic solvent in described chloroplatinic acid organic solution and the volume ratio of butyl titanate are 5:1 ~ 20:1.
In the present invention, the organic solvent in described chloroplatinic acid organic solution is one or more in ethanol, methyl alcohol or propyl alcohol.
In the present invention, the organic solvent in described chloroplatinic acid organic solution and the volume ratio of butyl titanate are 7:1 ~ 15:1.Volume ratio is unfavorable for TiO too greatly
2the formation of microballoon pattern, also can reduce the catalytic activity of composite.
C, Pt codope TiO that the present invention prepares
2composite, the mass fraction of Pt controls as 0.1-0.6wt%, and too many Pt can reduce the photocatalytic activity of composite.
Experiment shows, under ultraviolet-visible light irradiates, and nano-TiO prepared by the new method proposed by the present invention
2composite is in sacrifice agent system (methyl alcohol) or in pure aquatic system, all shows good photochemical catalyzing activity, in addition, it is active that synthesized sample has obvious photocatalytic degradation methylene blue, can be used for photolysis water hydrogen and photocatalysis to degrade organic matter field.
In addition, the inventive method is very simple, without the need to special installation, produces without any discarded object, without the need to subsequent heat treatment, in preparation process, achieves energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
C, Pt codope TiO that Fig. 1 the present invention proposes
2the preparation process schematic diagram of composite.A represents mixed solution, the Pt-C/TiO that b obtains after representing burning
2powder body material.
TiO prepared by Fig. 2 the present invention
2scheme with the XRD of commodity P25 (d), the content of Pt is respectively (a): 0; (b): 0.1; (c): 0.4wt%(A: Anatase; B: Rutile Type).
The SEM figure of Fig. 3 sample, the volume ratio of absolute ethyl alcohol and butyl titanate is the content of 7:1, Pt is (A): 0; (B): 0.1wt%; (C): 0.4wt%.
The TEM figure of Fig. 4 sample, the volume ratio of absolute ethyl alcohol and butyl titanate is the content of 7:1, Pt is 0.4wt%.
The UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy figure of Fig. 5 sample and commodity P25, the volume ratio of absolute ethyl alcohol and butyl titanate is 7:1, (a): 0.4wt%Pt-C/TiO
2, (b): C/TiO
2, (c): P25.
0.1wt%Pt-C/TiO prepared by Fig. 6 embodiment of the present invention 1
2the absorbance of sample photocatalytic degradation methylene blue process under UV-irradiation is with the variation diagram of light application time.
0.4wt%Pt-C/TiO prepared by Fig. 7 embodiment of the present invention 2
2the absorbance of sample photocatalytic degradation methylene blue process under UV-irradiation is with the variation diagram of light application time.
0.6wt%Pt-C/TiO prepared by Fig. 8 embodiment of the present invention 3
2the absorbance of sample photocatalytic degradation methylene blue process under UV-irradiation is with the variation diagram of light application time.
Sample prepared by Fig. 9 the present invention in photocatalytic degradation methylene blue process, the logarithm ln (C of methylene blue solution relative concentration
0/ C) with the changing trend diagram of light application time, the content of Pt is respectively (a): 0.1wt%; (b): 0.4wt%; (c): 0.6wt%.
Detailed description of the invention
embodiment 1:
The chloroplatinic acid taking 3mg is dissolved in 35mL absolute ethyl alcohol, then adds 5mL butyl titanate wherein, is stirred to by solution transparent with glass bar.Light above-mentioned solution with match, liquid takes fire from liquid level, and burning end obtains grey powdery solid.In its sample, the mass percentage of Pt is 0.1%, measures 0.1wt%Pt-C/TiO
2the XRD of sample, finds that sample is the TiO of anatase crystal
2(Fig. 2).The SEM of working sample finds, the sample that this technology obtains has microballoon pattern (Fig. 3).UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy test result shows, the sample prepared of this technology visible region absorption comparatively P25 improve a lot (Fig. 5).
Accurately take 65mg 0.1wt%Pt-C/TiO
2composite sample puts into 180mL quartz flask, adds 100mL pure water, and before reaction, reaction system is ultrasonic 15min, N first
2purge 30min, then start illumination reaction under magnetic stirring, testing light source used is that (light intensity is 170 mWcm to 500W Xe lamp
-2).Illumination successive reaction 3h, every 30min adopt a sample, quantitative analysis hydrogen content.The gas generated in course of reaction is analyzed on GC7900 type gas chromatograph, and detector is TCD detector, and chromatographic column is 5A molecular sieve, N
2do carrier gas.Illumination 3h hydrogen output is 7.18 μm of ol.
Accurately take 65 mg 0.1wt%Pt-C/TiO
2composite sample puts into 180mL quartz flask, adds the methanol aqueous solution of 100mL 20%, and before reaction, reaction system is ultrasonic 15min, N first
2purge 30min, then start illumination reaction under magnetic stirring, testing light source used is that (light intensity is 170mWcm to 500W Xe lamp
-2).Illumination successive reaction 3h, every 30min adopt a sample, quantitative analysis hydrogen content.The gas generated in course of reaction is analyzed on GC7900 type gas chromatograph, and detector is TCD detector, and chromatographic column is 5A molecular sieve, N
2do carrier gas.Illumination 3h hydrogen output is 8.77 μm of ol, and under the time that illumination is same, the hydrogen output of P25 is only 0.045 μm of ol.
Take 50mg 0.1wt%Pt-C/TiO
2sample joins in 50mL methylene blue solution, measures after stirring 1h under dark-state.Illumination adopts the uviol lamp of 8W, and the absorbance of photocatalytic degradation different time methylene blue solution measured by every 20min UV-2300 ultraviolet specrophotometer.Fig. 6 shows, along with light application time increases, methylene blue solution absorbance reduces gradually, and the speed constant calculated in degradation of methylene blue process by Fig. 9 is k is 0.14h
-1.
embodiment 2:
The chloroplatinic acid taking 12mg is dissolved in 35mL absolute ethyl alcohol, then adds 5mL butyl titanate wherein, is stirred to by solution transparent with glass bar.Light above-mentioned solution with match, liquid takes fire from liquid level, and burning end obtains grey powdery solid.In its sample, the mass percentage of Pt is 0.4%, measures 0.4wt%Pt-C/TiO
2the XRD of sample, finds that sample is the TiO of anatase crystal
2(Fig. 2).The SEM measuring this sample finds, the sample that this technology obtains has microballoon pattern (Fig. 3).TEM test result shows that this sample particle surface is dispersed with the point of many dead colors more uniformly, and these points are of a size of several nanometer, is the Pt nano particle (Fig. 4) introduced.UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy test result shows, the sample prepared of this technology visible region absorption comparatively P25 improve a lot (Fig. 5).
Accurately take 65 mg 0.4wt%Pt-C/TiO
2composite sample puts into 180mL quartz flask, adds the methanol aqueous solution of 100mL 20%, and before reaction, reaction system is ultrasonic 15min, N first
2purge 30min, then start illumination reaction under magnetic stirring, testing light source used is that (light intensity is 170mWcm to 500W Xe lamp
-2).Illumination successive reaction 3h, every 30min adopt a sample, quantitative analysis hydrogen content.The gas generated in course of reaction is analyzed on GC7900 type gas chromatograph, and detector is TCD detector, and chromatographic column is 5A molecular sieve, N
2do carrier gas.Illumination 3h hydrogen output is 7.22 μm of ol.
Take 50mg 0.4wt%Pt-C/TiO
2sample joins in 50mL methylene blue solution, measures after stirring 1h under dark-state.Illumination adopts the uviol lamp of 8W, and the absorbance of photocatalytic degradation different time methylene blue solution measured by every 20 min UV-2300 ultraviolet specrophotometers.Fig. 7 shows, along with light application time increases, methylene blue solution absorbance reduces gradually, and the rate constants k calculated in degradation of methylene blue process by Fig. 9 is 0.21h
-1.
embodiment 3:
The chloroplatinic acid taking 18mg is dissolved in 35mL absolute ethyl alcohol, then adds 5mL butyl titanate wherein, is stirred to by solution transparent with glass bar.Light above-mentioned solution with match, liquid takes fire from liquid level, and burning end obtains grey powdery solid, and in its sample, the mass percentage of Pt is 0.6%.
Accurately take 65 mg 0.6wt%Pt-C/TiO
2composite sample puts into 180mL quartz flask, adds the methanol aqueous solution of 100mL 20%, and before reaction, reaction system is ultrasonic 15min, N first
2purge 30min, then start illumination reaction under magnetic stirring, testing light source used is that (light intensity is 170mWcm to 500W Xe lamp
-2).Illumination successive reaction 3h, every 30min adopt a sample, quantitative analysis hydrogen content.The gas generated in course of reaction is analyzed on GC7900 type gas chromatograph, and detector is TCD detector, and chromatographic column is 5A molecular sieve, N
2do carrier gas.Illumination 3h hydrogen output is 7.07 μm of ol.
Take 50mg 0.6wt%Pt-C/TiO
2sample joins in 50 mL methylene blue solutions, measures after stirring 1 h under dark-state.Illumination adopts the uviol lamp of 8 W, and the absorbance of photocatalytic degradation different time methylene blue solution measured by every 20 min UV-2300 ultraviolet specrophotometers.Fig. 8 shows, along with light application time increases, methylene blue solution absorbance reduces gradually, and the rate constants k calculated in degradation of methylene blue process by Fig. 9 is 0.16h
-1.
Claims (3)
1. C, Pt codope TiO
2the preparation method of nano material, is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows: joined by butyl titanate in chloroplatinic acid organic solution, stirs and solution is mixed, lighted by above-mentioned mixed solution, obtain gray solid, be target product after end to be combusted; Wherein: in target product, the content of Pt is 0.1-0.6wt%, the organic solvent in described chloroplatinic acid organic solution and the volume ratio of butyl titanate are 5:1 ~ 20:1.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the organic solvent in described chloroplatinic acid organic solution is one or more in ethanol, methyl alcohol or propyl alcohol.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the organic solvent in described chloroplatinic acid organic solution and the volume ratio of butyl titanate are 7:1 ~ 15:1.
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