CN102983743B - Quick-response DC-DC convertor and control method - Google Patents
Quick-response DC-DC convertor and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102983743B CN102983743B CN201210558517.3A CN201210558517A CN102983743B CN 102983743 B CN102983743 B CN 102983743B CN 201210558517 A CN201210558517 A CN 201210558517A CN 102983743 B CN102983743 B CN 102983743B
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Abstract
The invention provides a DC (direct current) -DC (direct current) convertor and a control method. The DC-DC convertor comprises a feedback circuit, a pulse width modulator and an error amplifier, wherein an output voltage signal of the DC-DC convertor is input to an input end of the error amplifier in a feedback voltage form through the feedback circuit; the error amplifier compares a feedback voltage with a reference voltage, and then generates an error voltage; the pulse width modulator adjusts a duty ratio according to the error voltage, so as to control an output voltage; the DC-DC convertor further comprises a comparator, a pulse generator and an adjustment circuit; the comparator compares the feedback voltage with a second reference voltage; the pulse generator generates a pulse for a preset duration based on a comparison result; and the adjustment circuit adjusts the reference voltage in a direction opposite to a variation direction of the output voltage according to the pulse, so as to decrease a variation amplitude of the output voltage. According to the DC-DC convertor, the decrease in a jump amplitude of the output voltage when the DC-DC convertor conducts load jump is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to DC-to-DC converter.
Background technology
DC-to-DC converter is widely used in for various circuit supply, such as, for application processor is powered.When the unexpected saltus step of the load current of DC-to-DC converter, because its loop response speed is comparatively slow, output voltage is caused to there will be saltus step.When load current becomes big current from small area analysis, the output voltage of DC-to-DC converter can be beated downwards, through just returning to desired value after a period of time; When load current becomes small area analysis from big current, DC-to-DC converter can upwards be beated, through just returning to desired value after a period of time.Fig. 1 describes the waveform of DC-to-DC converter load response in prior art.When load current Io suddenlys change to higher value from smaller value, output voltage Vo can decline rapidly, then slowly goes back up to desired value; When load current Io suddenlys change to smaller value from higher value, output voltage Vo can above rapidly jump, and then slowly drops to desired value.Too large upper jumping may cause being powered chip overvoltage, thus damaged; Too large lower jumping may cause being powered chip power supply deficiency and cannot normally working, especially severe be that modern various processors (CPU and the various application processor based on ARM core as intel) are responsive especially to lower jumping, can deadlock be caused time serious.Usually wish that the output voltage of DC-to-DC converter is more stable, fluctuate less, thus maintain the steady operation being powered circuit.
Summary of the invention
The amplitude of output voltage saltus step when the object of the invention is to reduce DC-to-DC converter load jump.
For achieving the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of DC-to-DC converter.This transducer comprises feedback circuit and pulse width modulation (PWM) C module and error amplifier block; Wherein, the output voltage signal of DC-to-DC converter is input to the input of error amplifier through feedback circuit with the form of feedback voltage, after feedback voltage compares with the first reference voltage by error amplifier, produce error voltage, Pulse width modulation module according to the size adjustment duty ratio of error voltage, thus controls output voltage; It is characterized in that DC-to-DC converter also comprises the first comparator and the first pulse generator, first comparator compares feedback voltage and the second reference voltage and produces comparative result, and the first pulse generator based on the comparison result produces the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time; Circuit tuning, adjusts the first reference voltage, to reduce the amplitude of described output voltage change according to the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage.
Preferably, DC-to-DC converter also comprises reference voltage generator, and for generation of the first reference voltage, the second reference voltage and the 3rd reference voltage, the first reference voltage is greater than the second reference voltage but is less than the 3rd reference voltage; Circuit tuning adjusts the first reference voltage according to the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage and is specially described Circuit tuning and selects the 3rd reference voltage to substitute described first reference voltage.
Preferably, DC-to-DC converter also comprises the second comparator and the second pulse generator, second comparator compares feedback voltage and the 3rd reference voltage and produces the second comparative result, second pulse generator produces the pulse of the second predetermined lasting time based on the second comparative result, and Circuit tuning substitutes described first reference voltage according to pulse choice second reference voltage of the second predetermined lasting time.
Preferably, when feedback voltage is between the second reference voltage and the 3rd reference voltage Circuit tuning to maintain the first reference voltage constant.
Preferably, described second reference voltage and/or the 3rd reference voltage become because of load current.
Preferably, pulse generator is made up of trigger.
Preferably, the RAMP input signal of pulse width modulation (PWM) C module superposes the sampled signal of inductive current, build the feedback control loop of current-mode.
Preferably, Circuit tuning comprises the first current source, the second current source, the first switch and the first resistance; Wherein, the first current source and the first resistant series, the first switch realizes the parallel connection of the second current source and the first current source under the control of the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time, and the first resistance provides described first reference voltage.
Preferably, Circuit tuning comprises the 3rd current source, second switch, the second resistance and the 3rd resistance; Wherein, the first current source, the second resistance and the 3rd resistant series, the bypass that second switch realizes the 3rd resistance under the control of the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time is in parallel, and the second resistance provides described first reference voltage.
In second aspect, the invention provides a kind of control method of DC-to-DC converter, DC-to-DC converter comprises feedback circuit and pulse width modulation (PWM) C module and error amplifier block; Wherein, the output voltage signal of DC-to-DC converter receives the negative input end of error amplifier through feedback circuit, after feedback voltage compares with the first reference voltage by error amplifier, produce error voltage, Pulse width modulation module according to the size adjustment duty ratio of error voltage, thus controls output voltage; It is characterized in that described method comprises when change appears in output voltage, produced the pulse of predetermined lasting time by pulse generator; The pulse of this predetermined lasting time is utilized to change reference voltage by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage.
Preferably, the triangular wave input signal of Pulse width modulation module superposes the sampled signal of inductive current, build the feedback control loop of current-mode.
The amplitude of output voltage saltus step when the embodiment of the present invention effectively reduces DC-to-DC converter load jump.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 describes the waveform of DC-to-DC converter load response in prior art;
Fig. 2 describes the DC-to-DC converter according to first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 describes a kind of implementation of pulse generator;
Fig. 4 describes the work wave of pulse generator shown in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 describes the DC-to-DC converter according to second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 describes the DC-to-DC converter according to third embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are further described in detail.
In an embodiment of the present invention, when output voltage being detected lower than pre-determined lower limit voltage, producing the first high level pulse, when this pulse is high level, reference voltage being heightened, the amplitude of jumping under output voltage will be reduced like this.In like manner, when output voltage being detected higher than preset upper limit voltage, producing the second high level pulse, reference voltage is turned down, the amplitude that output voltage is jumped will be reduced like this.When output voltage is between pre-determined lower limit voltage and preset upper limit voltage, reference voltage equals former predeterminated voltage, and feedback control loop maintains the normal course of work.
Fig. 2 describes the DC-to-DC converter according to first embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 2, DC-to-DC converter inside generally has feedback control loop.This feedback control loop comprises several large functional module such as pulse width modulation (PWM) C module and error amplifier block EA.Output voltage signal receives the FB input of EA through feedback circuit in feedback voltage mode.After feedback voltage FB compares with the comparative voltage REF set, produce error voltage signal EAO, error voltage signal EAO is input to PWMC module.PWMC according to the size adjustment duty ratio of error voltage, thus reaches the object controlling output voltage.Control circuit selects break-make power switch K1 and K2 according to duty ratio, produces output voltage under the filtering of the low pass filter formed in inductance L 1 and electric capacity C1.
In one example in which, feedback circuit comprises the bleeder circuit to output voltage VO that resistance R1 and R2 is formed, and this bleeder circuit produces the feedback voltage signal FB after dividing potential drop.
According to embodiments of the invention, DC-to-DC converter can comprise a bandgap voltage reference generation module Bandgap, and it can produce one or several in bandgap voltage reference REF1, REF2, REF3.Wherein REF2 Va lower than REF1 voltage, such as Va=10mV, REF3 such as, than REF1 voltage height Vb, Vb=10mV.One or several in interrupteur SW 1, SW2, SW3 can also be comprised.SW1, SW2, SW3 can be regular tap, respectively break-make under the combination or independent control of H1 and H2; When H1 is high level, SW1 and SW3 turns off, and SW2 connects; When H2 is high level, SW1 and SW2 turns off, and SW3 connects; When H1 and H2 is low level, SW1 connects and SW2 and SW3 turns off.Thus, one in the REF1-REF3 positive input terminal as REF signal access EA.
In one example in which, DC-to-DC converter can comprise comparator Comp1, and comparator Comp1 is used for comparing feedback voltage signal FB and bandgap voltage reference REF2, produces output signal U S; Pulse generator 1 can also be comprised, under the effect of signal US, produce a period of time high level pulse H1.The break-make of pulse H1 control switch SW2, and under the assistance of NOR gate NOR1 the break-make of control SW1.Therefore, in a sense, SW1, SW2 and NOR gate NOR1 form a Circuit tuning, the reference voltage that it selects (or adjusting) different for error amplifier EA.
In another example, DC-to-DC converter can comprise comparator Comp2, and comparator Comp2 is used for comparing voltage signal FB and reference voltage REF3, produces output signal OS; Pulse generator 2 can also be comprised, under the effect of signal OS, produce a period of time high level pulse H2.The break-make of pulse H2 control switch SW3, and under the assistance of NOR gate NOR1 the break-make of control SW1.Therefore, in a sense, SW1, SW3 and NOR gate NOR1 form a Circuit tuning, the reference voltage that it selects (or adjusting) different for error amplifier EA.
When needs carry out the two-way Catastrophe control of heavy duty-underloading, need to adopt comparator Comp1 and Comp2 and pulse generator 1 and pulse generator 2 simultaneously.Pulse generator 1 and pulse generator 2 can be the pulse-generating circuit of same structure.
At work, when suddenling change to heavy duty from underloading appears in load, output voltage Vo declines.When FB voltage ratio VREF2 low (i.e. the low such as 10mV of FB voltage ratio VREF1) being detected, comparator Comp1 exports high level, and namely US is high level, jumps (Undershoot) under showing output voltage.The rising edge of US causes pulse generator 1 to produce a period of time high level pulse, during this period of time gating switch SW2 closes SW1 and SW3 simultaneously, thus select higher reference voltage REF3 as the reference voltage of feedback loop control, such loop will be tending towards boosted output voltages, thus reduce the amplitude of output voltage decline.
Otherwise, when suddenling change to underloading appears in load, output voltage Vo falls from heavy duty.When FB voltage ratio VREF3 height being detected (during FB voltage ratio VREF3 height such as 10mV), comparator Comp2 exports high level, namely OS is high level, jump (Overshoot) under showing output voltage, the rising edge of OS causes pulse generator 2 to produce a period of time high level pulse.During this period of time gating switch SW3 cut-off switch SW1 and SW2 simultaneously, thus select lower reference voltage REF2 as the reference voltage of feedback loop control, such loop will be tending towards reducing output voltage, thus the amplitude that reduction output voltage is jumped.
There are some its variant designs in Fig. 2, such as, can superpose the sampled signal of inductive current on the triangular signal input RAMP of PWMC module, builds the feedback control loop of current-mode.Details belongs to prior art, does not repeat again.
In addition, the power switch K2 in Fig. 2 can substitute by the rectifier diode, like this form asynchronous commutating DC-direct current transducer, belong to prior art, also omit description herein.
In addition, in Fig. 2, implementation describes to use simultaneously and reduces to jump under output voltage and the technology of upper jumping, but according to application needs in reality, only can adopt the partial circuit that reduces to jump under output voltage and be used alone, also only can adopt the partial circuit that reduces output voltage is jumped and be used alone.
In addition, one skilled in the art will appreciate that, although illustrate NOR gate NOR1 in the drawings to the break-make of control SW1, SW2 and SW3 thus selection reference voltage, but, as required, the Circuit tuning of other type various can be adopted to come according to the pulse of pulse generator 1 and/or 2, the reference voltage by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage on the input of alignment error amplifier module, thus reduce the amplitude of output voltage change.
Fig. 3 describes a kind of implementation of pulse generator.As shown in the figure, pulse generator comprises d type flip flop DEFA, DEFB, DFF1 and DFF2.DFFA and DFFB is the d type flip flop that rising edge triggers, and D is data input pin, and Q is output, QN is its reversed-phase output, and its RST end is reset for during high level, and after resetting, Q is low level, CK is input end of clock, and D end data is latched into output Q by its rising edge.The d type flip flop that DFF1 ~ 2 are triggered for trailing edge, D is data input pin, and Q is output, and QN is its reversed-phase output, and RST end is reset for during high level, and after resetting, Q is low level, and CK is input end of clock, and D end data is latched into output Q by its trailing edge.
UV signal is power-on reset signal, and usual d type flip flop DEFA, DEFB, DFF1 and DFF2 are resetted by this signal, and when namely supply voltage is raised to normal value from zero, UV produces the high level of a period of time, for each trigger that resets to initial condition.VDD is supply voltage, presentation logic high level.HCK is periodic clock signal, for generation of time of delay.
At work, the pulse that the skip signal inputting A end will cause pulse generator to generate a predetermined lasting time.Fig. 4 describes the work wave of pulse generator.The course of work of pulse generator does not repeat again.
Fig. 4 only describes the design that 2 d type flip flops (DFF1 and DFF2) do time delay, and according to different application requirement, can be that 1 ~ N number of d type flip flop does time delay, its delay time be relevant with the cycle of HCK.
In Fig. 2 for the reference voltage that detects lower jumping with the reference voltage now switching feedback loop control afterwards jumped out in detection all have employed identical reference voltage signal REF2, but they belong to reference voltage of different nature in essence.The former jumps under actual appearance for judging whether, should be enough to distinguish lower jumping and false jumping; Latter, for adjusting output voltage, as long as can reduce the amplitude of described output voltage change, takes any numerical value all to belong to feasible.Therefore, they can be two independently reference voltages certainly.
In like manner, in Fig. 2 for the reference voltage that detects upper jumping with jump out the reference voltage now switching feedback loop control afterwards under detection and all have employed identical reference voltage signal REF3, but they belong to reference voltage of different nature in essence, therefore can be two independently reference voltages certainly.
Fig. 5 describes the DC-to-DC converter according to second embodiment of the invention, and wherein detection reference voltage is different with switching reference voltage.As shown in the figure, the reference voltage of connecting valve SW2 is replaced by REF4 (REF4=REF1+IL*RK), wherein REF1 is the magnitude of voltage of reference voltage signal REF1, REF4 is the magnitude of voltage of reference voltage signal REF4, IL is the inductor current value of sampling, RK is a proportionality coefficient of design, can produce better effect like this.When load current is large from micromutation, inductive current also can become large, if the load current after saltus step is larger, then IL is larger, thus REF4 is higher, more contributes to the amplitude reducing output voltage decline.Compared with Fig. 2, interrupteur SW 3 connects reference voltage and is replaced by REF5 (REF5=REF1+IL*RL-VB), wherein REF1 is the magnitude of voltage of reference voltage signal REF1, REF5 is the magnitude of voltage of reference voltage signal REF5, IL is the inductor current value of sampling, RL and VB is a coefficient of design.Load after such saltus step is less, and reference voltage REF5 is less, more contributes to the amplitude reducing output voltage is jumped.
It may be noted that the inductor current value of above-mentioned sampling generally can be obtained by the electric current of sampled power switch (K1 or K2 such as, in Fig. 2).Those skilled in the art should know the various circuit implementations sampling inductive current from power switch K1 or K2.In order to simplify, omit relevant description.
Summarize speech, in the first and second embodiment, produced the pulse of predetermined lasting time by comparator Comp1 and pulse generator 1 and comparator Comp2 and pulse generator 2, indicate the change direction of output voltage with this.The Circuit tuning that SW1-SW3 and NOR1 is formed changes according to the pulse of predetermined lasting time by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage or adjusts reference voltage, to reduce the amplitude that output voltage changes.Those skilled in the art will recognize that, the Circuit tuning of other form can also be taked reach the object of the amplitude reducing the change of described output voltage.
Fig. 6 describes the situation being adjusted reference voltage by digital signal A or B according to third embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 6, digital signal A and B can be respectively Fig. 2 and embodiment illustrated in fig. 5 in the output pulse of pulse generator 1 and 2, Circuit tuning is then made up of current source I1, current source I2, resistance Rr1 and Rr2 and interrupteur SW 5 and SW6.When A, B be low level invalid time, interrupteur SW 5 and SW6 turn off, and thus, current source I1 connects and provides electric current to the series circuit of Rr1 and Rr2.When A high level is effective, gating switch SW5, thus, current source I1 and I2 all connects provides electric current to the series circuit of Rr1 and Rr2, and the voltage of REF raises.When B high level is effective, gating switch SW6, Rr2 is bypassed, and thus, current source I1 connects and provides electric current to Rr1, and the voltage of REF reduces.Utilize such circuit can the reference voltage REF of effective alignment error amplifier, thus the amplitude of output voltage saltus step when effectively reducing DC-to-DC converter load jump.
It may be noted that, in Fig. 6, implementation describes and utilizes interrupteur SW 5 to increase reference voltage and utilize SW6 to reduce the technology of reference voltage (jumping and upper jumping under using reduction output voltage), but according to application needs in reality, only can adopt the partial circuit of increase reference voltage and be used alone, also only can adopt the partial circuit of reduction reference voltage and be used alone.
Above-described embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only the specific embodiment of the present invention; the protection range be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a DC-to-DC converter, comprises feedback circuit and pulse width modulation (PWM) C module and error amplifier block; Wherein, the output voltage signal of DC-to-DC converter is input to the input of error amplifier through feedback circuit with the form of feedback voltage, after feedback voltage compares with the first reference voltage by error amplifier, produce error voltage, Pulse width modulation module according to the size adjustment duty ratio of error voltage, thus controls output voltage; It is characterized in that, DC-to-DC converter also comprises the first comparator and the first pulse generator, first comparator compares feedback voltage and the second reference voltage and produces comparative result, and the first pulse generator based on the comparison result produces the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time; Circuit tuning, adjusts the first reference voltage, to reduce the amplitude of described output voltage change according to the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage.
2. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, characterized by further comprising reference voltage generator, for generation of the first reference voltage, the second reference voltage and the 3rd reference voltage, the first reference voltage is greater than the second reference voltage but is less than the 3rd reference voltage; Circuit tuning adjusts the first reference voltage according to the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage and is specially described Circuit tuning and selects the 3rd reference voltage to substitute described first reference voltage.
3. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 2, characterized by further comprising the second comparator and the second pulse generator, second comparator compares feedback voltage and the 3rd reference voltage and produces the second comparative result, second pulse generator produces the pulse of the second predetermined lasting time based on the second comparative result, and Circuit tuning substitutes described first reference voltage according to pulse choice second reference voltage of the second predetermined lasting time.
4. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when feedback voltage is between the second reference voltage and the 3rd reference voltage, to maintain the first reference voltage constant for Circuit tuning.
5. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, is characterized in that described second reference voltage and/or the 3rd reference voltage become because of load current.
6. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that pulse generator is made up of trigger.
7. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the sampled signal superposing inductive current on the RAMP input signal of pulse width modulation (PWM) C module, builds the feedback control loop of current-mode.
8. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that Circuit tuning comprises the first current source, the second current source, the first switch and the first resistance; Wherein, the first current source and the first resistant series, the first switch realizes the parallel connection of the second current source and the first current source under the control of the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time, and the first resistance provides described first reference voltage.
9. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that Circuit tuning comprises the 3rd current source, second switch, the second resistance and the 3rd resistance; Wherein, the first current source, the second resistance and the 3rd resistant series, the bypass that second switch realizes the 3rd resistance under the control of the pulse of the first predetermined lasting time is in parallel, and the second resistance provides described first reference voltage.
10. a control method for DC-to-DC converter, DC-to-DC converter comprises feedback circuit, pulse width modulation (PWM) C module and error amplifier block; Wherein, the output voltage signal of DC-to-DC converter receives the negative input end of error amplifier through feedback circuit, after feedback voltage compares with the first reference voltage by error amplifier, produce error voltage, Pulse width modulation module according to the size adjustment duty ratio of error voltage, thus controls output voltage; It is characterized in that described method comprises when change appears in output voltage, produced the pulse of predetermined lasting time by pulse generator; The pulse of this predetermined lasting time is utilized to change reference voltage by the direction changed in the opposite direction with output voltage.
The control method of 11. DC-to-DC converter as claimed in claim 10, is characterized in that the sampled signal superposing inductive current on the triangular wave input signal of Pulse width modulation module, builds the feedback control loop of current-mode.
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| CN105305810A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-02-03 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Improved charge pump circuit system |
| CN105939105A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-09-14 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Step-down circuit and electronic equipment |
| CN112018840B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-25 | 上海芯导电子科技股份有限公司 | Detection circuit for micro current and capacitive load |
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| CN201750340U (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-02-16 | 东南大学 | Switch power supply with quick transient response |
| CN102290970B (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-10-02 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Mode selecting and controlling circuit in voltage converter |
| CN202997930U (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-06-12 | 无锡中星微电子有限公司 | Quick response DC-DC converter |
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