CN102979542B - A kind of Bolt-mesh-cable support technology - Google Patents
A kind of Bolt-mesh-cable support technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN102979542B CN102979542B CN201210528000.XA CN201210528000A CN102979542B CN 102979542 B CN102979542 B CN 102979542B CN 201210528000 A CN201210528000 A CN 201210528000A CN 102979542 B CN102979542 B CN 102979542B
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Abstract
The application relates to a kind of comparatively advanced Bolt-mesh-cable support technology, it comprises dozen square, installs top anchor pole, installs side portion's anchor pole, beats anchor cable eye, installs the series of steps such as anchor cable, supporting security performance is improved greatly, can be used in various complicated roadway support work.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Bolt-mesh-cable support technology.
Background technology
Safe, efficient, economic Roadway Support Technology is the necessary condition ensureing mine safety, High-efficient Production.The important abroad producing coal country of bolt support technology is widely applied, wherein typical with the U.S., Australia, this and their coal seam geological condition be fairly simple, it is closely related to bury shallow and national this technology of attention, define from design of its support, matching operation facility, the serial bolting and rope support product being applicable to different condition and the reliable complete support technology system such as monitoring means, whole system is science, safety and reliably comparatively.According to incompletely statistics, the tunnel total length that China newly tunnels in state-owned big-and-middle-sized colliery is every year up to kilometer up to ten thousand, and wherein more than 80% is coal road and half-coal rock roadway.By 2005, the coal road bolting cable bolting rate of State owned coal mine reached 60%, and some mining area, more than 90%, even reaches 100%, anchor pole and/or cable bolting become China's coal-mine tunnel first-selection, main support form safely and efficiently.Concrete bolting and rope support technique is there are no special report.
Summary of the invention
The present invention gives a kind of Bolt-mesh-cable support technology, to provide the supporting step of system to improve tunnelling speed.
A kind of Bolt-mesh-cable support technology, it comprises the following steps:
1), beat square: first tap before perforating, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive, crag, can start working after confirming safety; Then according to center line close inspection drift section specification, necessary advanced row relax when operating regulation requires is not met; The position of square is wanted accurately, and eye position error must not exceed ± 100mm, and eye is to error 0 ~ 15 °; The square degree of depth must match with rock-bolt length, the short pricker length of portion's anchor pole lore of pinching 1 ~ 1.2m, and rear continuing with long pricker beats; Must operate under the shielding of temporary lining during construction; The order of perforating: carry out successively by the order of first pushing up rear side from outside to inside; Top board carries out perforating by the order of first intermediate and then both sides; Portion of side is perforating successively from the top down; A square must be made a call to an anchor pole is installed and tightens pallet;
2), roll bolt is installed: before installation, first sweep totally by the ponding in eyelet, the wind of rock dust pressure; During purging, operating personnel must stand in side, aperture, and eyelet direction forbids there is people, then linked network, first-class steel band beam, resin anchoring agent, through steel band beam eyelet and mesh sheet, withstands with anchor pole and delivers to eyeground, with supporting swivel sleeve, anchor nut is connected with roof-bolter, starting roof-bolter drives body of rod rotation that anchor pole is screwed in resin anchoring agent, stirs, until anchor pole reaches projected depth to Anchor Agent, stir 25 ~ 30s, and tightening nuts after pushing tow 91 ~ 180s; Ensure that steel band beam is close to by pallet, steel band beam and mesh sheet are close to coal petrography face; After 8min, with special spanner, secondary carries out to anchor pole fastening, guarantee that roll bolt torsional forces is not less than 200Nm, pulling capacity is not less than 100KN, what a roll bolt should be beaten and install one, after forbidding employing once to accomplish fluently all boltholes, and the method construction of property skyhook again;
3), side portion's anchor pole is installed: first beat a square topmost, after completing mesh sheet and steel band, beats note one, top anchor pole with air drill, other anchor pole of then constructing from top to bottom successively, namely after side connects mesh sheet, lay steel band, resin anchoring agent is through steel band eyelet and mesh sheet, withstand with anchor pole and deliver to eyeground, with dedicated convert sleeve, anchor nut is connected with side portion's roof-bolter or wind coal borer, start roof-bolter or wind coal borer to drive the body of rod to rotate anchor pole is screwed in resin anchoring agent, Anchor Agent is stirred, until anchor pole reaches projected depth, quick anchoring agent mixing time is 20 ~ 25s, the pushing tow stand-by period is 41 ~ 90s, after can tightening nuts, pallet is made to be close to steel band beam, steel band beam and mesh sheet are close to coal petrography face, after 8min, with special spanner, secondary carries out to anchor pole fastening, guarantee that portion of side anchor pole torsional forces is not less than 150Nm, pulling capacity is not less than 100KN,
4), beat anchor cable eye: first tap before perforating, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive; Can start working after confirming safety; The position of anchor cable eye is wanted accurately, and eye position error must not exceed ± 100mm, eye to error must not be greater than ± 2 °; Must carry out mark on hammer drill during perforating, strictly press the perforating of steel strand length, the anchor cable eye degree of depth must match with steel strand length, anchor cable hole degree of depth allowable variation-100 ~ 0mm, plays anchor cable and at the moment carries out perforating with short pricker continued access;
5), anchor cable is installed: before installation, first resin explosive roll is put into intraocular successively, powder stick is withstood with steel strand, powder stick is delivered to eyeground, fix steel strand with conversion sleeve and be connected with roof-bolter, advance while stirring, until be pushed at the bottom of hole, mixing time is 25 ~ 30s, and after pushing tow 91 ~ 180s, roof-bolter is fallen, unload the conversion sleeve on steel strand, resin explosive roll anchoring in anchor cable hole needs maintenance 15 minutes, and then tray, lockset, fastening with anchor cable tensioning machine tool, ensure that prestressd anchor cable is not less than 100KN and is not more than 120KN, and guarantee that pallet compresses and is close to scar,
Top adopts φ 22mm, the left-handed nothing of L=2400mm indulges the strong twisted steel anchor rods such as muscle, between array pitch 800mm × 800mm, paving diamond mesh coordinates the supporting of KTM4 steel band beam, diamond mesh specification is respectively: length × wide=5000 × 1000mm, length × wide=5600 × 1000mm, and anchor rod pallet board is length × wide × thick=150 × 150 × 10mm butterfly pallet; Portion of side adopts φ 20mm, L=2000mm dextrorotation full thread steel equal strength anchor rod, an array pitch 800mm × 800mm, and lay side portion's wire lath and coordinate KTM4 steel band to carry out supporting, steel band beam length 3m, side portion's wire lath is long × wide is 3000mm × 1000mm; Overlap along stubble between diamond mesh and diamond mesh, between side portion's wire lath and side portion's wire lath, pressure stubble 100mm, pressure stubble place tightens every the bifilar 12# iron wire of 200mm; Footing anchor pole is no more than 500mm apart from base plate; The middling speed resin anchoring agent that roll bolt Anchor Agent adopts 1 roll number to be Z2370, right side anchor pole adopts the slow resin anchoring agent of 2 volume M2370, and left side anchor pole adopts the rapid resin Anchor Agent of 1 volume K2370;
Supporting adopts dead zone to stay lane surrounding rock supporting, before beating square, is once staying on the tunneling boring in lane, along roadway direction interval erection Telescopic U-shaped steel canopy; Complete after U-shaped steel frame establishes, to once Liu Xiang tunnel inwall sprayed mortar, form concrete supporting, thickness is 200mm, and then beats square and carry out bolt support;
Indulging in described left-handed nothing between the strong twisted steel anchor rods such as muscle adopts φ 15.24mm small-bore encryption prestress anchorage cable to be encrypted supporting to it, anchor pole is no more than 0.65m with encryption prestress anchorage cable spacing, and the prestressing force of described encryption prestress anchorage cable is 100-120KN;
Broken or the sinking larger part erection wood point post at back.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is top, tunnel, base plate lithological column;
Accompanying drawing 2 is 1-1 section supporting schematic diagram:
Accompanying drawing 3 is 2-2 section support with anchor cable network schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 4 is TU type supporting schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Concrete steps comprise:
32 coal seams are the main mining coal seam in mining area, are positioned at rise time method bottom, the thick 0.58 ~ 8.22m in coal seam, the thick 2.89m of average coal.Coal seam thickness maybe can not be adopted except (356 hole) except indivedual point is thinner, generally sees that the thickness of coal point is all at 2 ~ more than 3m.Coal seam is containing coal area 49.61km
2, area 49.55km can be adopted
2can adopt coefficient and reach 99.9%, be the more stable Main workable coal seams that the whole district can adopt.Coal bed texture is more complicated, tool dirt band, 116 can adopt see dirt band one deck in coal point have 49 points, 2 layers have 29 points, more than 3 layers have 16 points.Dirt band is based on mud stone and charcoal mudrock, and minority is for containing charcoal mud stone.Top board, base plate lithology are based on mud stone, and secondary is siltstone and packsand.32 coal seams are all non-Igneous rock invasion district.Concrete heading top, base plate lithological column see accompanying drawing 1, can be specially:
1, top board
Coal seam immediate roof is based on Dark grey mud stone, and on average thick about 4.34m, local is Dark grey siltstone: old top is mud stone or Extra-fine sand rock.
Coal seam upwards lithology is followed successively by:
Mud stone, average thickness 4.34m, Dark grey, argillaceous texture, containing fossil fragments, containing vitrain band;
Coal, average thickness 0.19m, black, unstable;
Mud stone, average thickness 1.15m, Dark grey, block, property is crisp, containing chiltern and fossil plant;
Packsand, average thickness 0.73m, grey, particulate is block, and composition is based on quartz, feldspar, and calcite cementation, property is crisp, and containing sparring, there is crack local.
Coal, average thickness 0.12m, black.
Mud stone, average thickness 3.87m, grey ~ Dark grey, finer and close, block, flat condition fracture, local is containing more aleuritic texture.
Packsand, average thickness 3.20m, grey ~ celadon, particulate, diagonal bedding, composition based on quartzy feldspar, silicious gangue, cranny development, calcite veins filling.
Mud stone, average thickness 11.50 meters, grey ~ Dark grey, block, argillaceous texture, sliding surface, containing siltstone, is seen in local, and crack, sliding surface are grown, and calcite veins filling, containing plant roots and stems fossil.
Packsand, average thickness, 9.53 meters, green grey ~ grey acinose texture, bulk ~ stratiform, composition is based on quartz, feldspar, and calcite cementation, has crack, containing calcite veins, accidental stone arteries and veins and plant roots and stems fossil.
2, base plate
Coal seam immediate bottom is one deck mud stone, on average thick about 2.93m, and past is packsand.
The downward lithology in coal seam is followed successively by: mud stone, average thickness 2.93m, grey ~ Dark grey, and property is crisp, block, flat condition fracture, and chiltern is arranged at top, and there is crack local, and aspect contains calcareous and fossil plant.
Packsand, average thick 1.73m, grey, block, fine grained sand structure, composition is based on quartz, feldspar, and contain melanocratic mineral less, argillaceous agglutination, fracture is smooth, and there is calcite veins filling fracture local;
Coal, average thickness 0.25m, black, bulk ~ chunky shape, is made up of dull coal, durite.
Packsand, average thickness 9.5m, grey ~ Dark grey, middle particulate, block, composition is with quartz, feldspar for main station portion stratiform, and calcite cementation, is locally shown in crack containing thin layers of mudstone;
Coal, average thickness 0.29m, black;
Mud stone, average thickness 20.57m, grey, argillaceous texture, block, containing a large amount of aleuritic texture.
K3 sandstone, average thickness 7.47 meters, light gray ~ canescence, micro-band kermesinus, composition based on quartz, feldspar, silicious gangue, quartz particles is comparatively large, containing sparring oolith, and a small amount of shale inclusion, sorting, rounding are poor, and property is hard, grow unstable, local agensis, being only thin layer siltstone, bottom cranny development, is basal water under 32 coals.Design of bolt support is the important guarantee of roadway bolting support technically reliable economical rationality, and current roadway bolting support method for designing can be summed up as three classes substantially: engineering analog method, theoretical calculation and dynamic and informational design method.Qian Yingzi ore deposit design of bolt support for seam gateway adopts dynamic and informational design method.Design procedure comprises: testing site investigation and evaluation of geological mechanic, initial designs, underground monitoring and information feed back, amendment design and daily monitoring, Design of bolt support method is shown in Fig. 2.
Outstanding rational design must be based upon roadway surrounding rock geomechanics data and actual production comprehensively and accurately, and technically, therefore, evaluation of geological mechanic is the guide of initial designs, has very important effect to design.Mainly comprise: 1.. detecting earth stress.The size and Orientation of geostatic stress affects very large on roadway layout and Design of bolt support, become the important foundation data of Design of bolt support.2.. tunnel status investigation and the parameter testing of roadway surrounding rock mechanical property.Mainly comprise: the roadway surrounding rocks such as the Distortion Disciplinarian under adjoining rock number and thickness, joint, rock stratum, fracture spacing, the existing supporting condition in tunnel, the modulus of elasticity of rock stratum, poisson's ratio, resistance to compression and tensile strength, cohesion, angle of internal friction are composed and deposited situation and mechanical property parameter.3.. anchor rod component mechanical property and the test of Anchor Agent adhesion strength.Resistance to compression such as test anchor pole, supporting plate etc., tensile strength and anchor pole elongation per unit length, and Anchor Agent adhesion strength field measurement.
3212 liang of lanes are safeguarded and are presented following feature: 1.. tunnel buried depth comparatively large (the darkest nearly 650m), and close to deep-well roadway in high strata pressure support issues.2.. back is the weak compound roof of thick-layer of thick-layer Sandy Silt, mud stone and seam, and thickness can reach about 7m, and under general condition, anchor cable cannot go deep into always pushing up sandstone.32 coal roof rock cracks, bedding comparative development, intensity is low, and integrality is poor.3.. the structure such as tunnelling process interrupt layer is more, causes country rock at the bottom of 32 tops, coal seam more broken, and water outlet phenomenon is comparatively serious in drilling construction, and significantly not regular.
For 3212 air way engineering features, the basic supporting mode proposing to adopt is: the supporting of high-performance anchor band rete cord.Top board and portion of side all adopt high-effective bolting supporting, strengthen anchorage length and scope to greatest extent, protect top, ribbon steel wall supporting in conjunction with T-shaped (or M type) steel band, top, side all adopt diamond mesh, steel-plastic net, steel mesh reinforcement to be close to scar to protect top, wall supporting.For the tunnel that partial panels fragmentation is serious and broken scope is large, the strengthening supporting mode that can adopt is: the inner grouting and reinforcing of country rock.For this reason, following key technology means are adopted:
(1) bolt support technology of high strength: adopt the high-effective bolting that special screw thread steel processes, the anti-rupture strength of this anchor pole is high, support rigidity is larger, and restrained deformation is stronger; Large rigidity annex (M type or T-steel band, greatly pallet, net); Lengthen or full length fastening; Adopt pneumatic wrench can realize the higher pretightning force of anchor pole, effectively increase anchor pole to the control action at supporting roadway surrounding rock initial stage, promote the effect rank of bolt support, ensure that support system general safety is reliable.
(2) the cable bolting technology strengthened: large-diameter steel strand, thin-wall channel beam coordinate little pallet, increase and protect surface area, alleviate common little pallet used at present and country rock local small size to contact and the point load effect that produces, prevent country rock from extruding damaged, good maintenance effects will be played to loose slabbing fragmented rock body.
(3) key position point post is strengthened: the broken or sinking larger part erection wood point post at back, large-span tunnel can be made to increase the strong point of a centre, play obvious carrier bar cross-cut effect, collapse to emit to the absciss layer of top board simultaneously and play outer aobvious and early stage forewarning function directly perceived.
(4) the wall rock grouting reinforcing technique of local strengthening: thick for 3212,3213 work plane machine air way roof mudstones, the feature that top sandstone is moisture, when superficial part surrouding rock deformation controls unfavorable, very easily cause absciss layer between sandstone and mud stone, or Sandstone Water is incorporated into mud stone, thus causes Roof Control effect to decline, now, for preventing roof accident, should consider to adopt grouting reinforcement technique.
Concrete design of its support:
Normal section is oblique rectangle support with anchor cable network, 36.7m to 112.7m before L5 point, and this section of drift section is: clear span × clear height=4.2 × 3.0m (1-1 section); Before L5 point, 112.7m construction is to cutting eye, drift section: clear span × clear height=4.8 × 3.0m (2-2 section), S
pick=15.5m
2, S
only=14.4m
2.Specifically see accompanying drawing 2-4.
Concrete steps are:
1), beat square: first tap before perforating, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive, crag, can start working after confirming safety; Then according to center line close inspection drift section specification, necessary advanced row relax when operating regulation requires is not met; The position of square is wanted accurately, and eye position error must not exceed ± 100mm, and eye is to error 0 ~ 15 °; The square degree of depth must match with rock-bolt length, beats after the short pricker of plate anchor pole lore (1 ~ 1.2m) of pinching with long pricker is continuous; Must operate under the shielding of temporary lining during construction; The order of perforating: carry out successively by the order of first pushing up rear side from outside to inside; Top board carries out perforating by the order of first intermediate and then both sides; Portion of side is perforating successively from the top down; A square must be made a call to an anchor pole is installed and tightens pallet.
2), top anchor pole is installed: before installation, first sweep totally by the ponding in eyelet, the wind of rock dust pressure; During purging, operating personnel must stand in side, aperture, and eyelet direction forbids there is people, then linked network, first-class steel band beam, resin anchoring agent, through steel band beam eyelet and mesh sheet, withstands with anchor pole and delivers to eyeground, with supporting swivel sleeve, anchor nut is connected with roof-bolter, starting roof-bolter drives body of rod rotation that anchor pole is screwed in resin anchoring agent, stirs, until anchor pole reaches projected depth to Anchor Agent, stir 25 ~ 30s, and tightening nuts after pushing tow 91 ~ 180s; Ensure that steel band beam is close to by pallet, steel band beam and mesh sheet are close to coal petrography face; After 8min, with special spanner, secondary carries out to anchor pole fastening, guarantee that roll bolt torsional forces is not less than 200Nm, pulling capacity is not less than 100KN, what a roofbolt should be beaten and install one, after forbidding employing once to accomplish fluently all boltholes, and the method construction of property skyhook again.
3), side portion's anchor pole is installed: first beat a square topmost, after completing mesh sheet and steel band, beats note one, top anchor pole with air drill, other anchor pole of then constructing from top to bottom successively.Namely after side connects mesh sheet, lay steel band (shoulder nest place side portion's steel band and top steel band anchor pole press stubble), resin anchoring agent is through steel band beam eyelet and mesh sheet, withstand with anchor pole and deliver to eyeground, with dedicated convert sleeve, anchor nut is connected with side portion's roof-bolter or wind coal borer, start roof-bolter or wind coal borer to drive the body of rod to rotate anchor pole is screwed in resin anchoring agent, Anchor Agent is stirred, until anchor pole reaches projected depth, quick anchoring agent mixing time is 20 ~ 25s (Anchor Agent mixing time is 30 ~ 40s at a slow speed), the pushing tow stand-by period is 41 ~ 90s (the Anchor Agent pushing tow stand-by period is 180s at a slow speed), after can tightening nuts, pallet is made to be close to steel band beam, steel band beam and mesh sheet are close to coal petrography face, after 8min (at a slow speed after Anchor Agent 15min), with special spanner, secondary carries out to anchor pole fastening, guarantee that portion of side anchor pole torsional forces is not less than 150Nm, pulling capacity is not less than 100KN.
4), beat anchor cable eye: first tap before perforating, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive; Can start working after confirming safety; The position of anchor cable eye is wanted accurately, and eye position error must not exceed ± 100mm, eye to error must not be greater than ± 2 °; Must carry out mark on hammer drill during perforating, strictly press the perforating of steel strand length, the anchor cable eye degree of depth must match with steel strand length, anchor cable hole degree of depth allowable variation-100 ~ 0mm, plays anchor cable and at the moment carries out perforating with short pricker (1 ~ 1.2m) continued access.
5), anchor cable is installed: before installation, (rapid resin Anchor Agent such as K2370 resin anchoring agent is placed on upper end first resin explosive roll to be put into intraocular successively, middling speed resin anchoring agent such as Z2370 resin anchoring agent is placed on lower end), powder stick is withstood with steel strand, powder stick is delivered to eyeground, fix steel strand with conversion sleeve and be connected with roof-bolter, advance while stirring, until be pushed at the bottom of hole, mixing time is 25 ~ 30s, and after pushing tow 91 ~ 180s, roof-bolter is fallen, unload the conversion sleeve on steel strand, resin explosive roll anchoring in anchor cable hole needs maintenance 15 minutes, and then tray, lockset, fastening with anchor cable tensioning machine tool, ensure that prestressd anchor cable is not less than 100KN and is not more than 120KN, and guarantee that pallet compresses and is close to scar.
Further, top adopts φ 22mm, the left-handed nothing of L=2400mm indulges the strong twisted steel anchor rods such as muscle, between array pitch 800mm × 800mm, paving diamond mesh coordinates the supporting of KTM4 steel band beam, diamond mesh specification is respectively: length × wide=5000 × 1000mm, length × wide=5600 × 1000mm, and anchor rod pallet board is length × wide × thick=150 × 150 × 10mm butterfly pallet; Portion of side adopts φ 20mm, L=2000mm dextrorotation full thread steel equal strength anchor rod, an array pitch 800mm × 800mm, and lay wire lath coordinating example such as the steel band of KTM4 and carry out supporting, steel band beam length 3m, side portion's wire lath is long × wide is 3000mm × 1000mm; Overlap along stubble between net and net, pressure stubble 100mm, pressure stubble place tightens every the bifilar 12# iron wire of 200mm; Footing anchor pole is no more than 500mm apart from base plate; Roll bolt Anchor Agent adopts 1 volume such as model to be the middling speed resin anchoring agent of Z2370, and right side anchor pole adopts the slow resin anchoring agent of 2 volumes such as M2370, and left side anchor pole adopts the rapid resin Anchor Agent of 1 volume such as K2370.
Further, anchor cable adopts the steel strand of φ 17.8mm to process, design length 6500 ~ 9500mm, detect hole lithology according to top board and select (50m that often constructs to construct in the center in tunnel the dark Roof rock feature of 10m detect hole), guarantee that the length that anchor cable is taken root in hard rock is not less than 1m; Coordinate special anchor cable pallet (250 × 250mm, 14mm thicker strip sphere pallet) to carry out supporting, every 2 anchor cables 2m long steel band trend takes a step to connect, and both sides anchor cable is delayed must not meet head on and be greater than 5m, middle one arrange anchor cable delayed must not meet head on be greater than 50m; Anchor cable adopts 2 volume resin anchoring agent anchorings, and its middle and upper part Anchor Agent model is the rapid resin Anchor Agent of such as K2370, and lower anchor agent such as model is the middling speed resin anchoring agent of Z2370.
When back fragmentation, passing fault and support with anchor cable network can not meet safety support requirement, adopt the trapezoidal canopy supporting of erection TU shaped steel, the trapezoidal canopy specification of frame TU shaped steel: clear span × clear height=4.8 × 3.0m, S
pick=16.6m
2.
Further, supporting adopts dead zone to stay lane surrounding rock supporting, before beating square, is once staying on the tunneling boring in lane, along roadway direction interval erection Telescopic U-shaped steel canopy; Complete after U-shaped steel frame establishes, to once Liu Xiang tunnel inwall sprayed mortar, form concrete supporting, thickness is 200mm, and then beats square and carry out bolt support.Gob side entry retaining refers to safeguards tunnel at the rear of work plane along gob edge, it is a kind of comparatively advanced coal-mining method, comparatively ripe for once staying the supporting method in lane both at home and abroad, once stay the basal area in requirement tunnel, lane little, when once staying lane, according to strata movement situation, tunnel is in the depressor area on limit, goaf, now the mine pressure that is subject to of tunnel is less, the distortion that tunnel produces is less, generally on its design of its support, be mostly the methods such as anchor (rope) net or frame canopy, when once staying lane to refer to bank face in back production, transporter lane is retained as next stage work plane air way, lane is stayed because becoming secondary when this tunnel retains by ventilation or need of production again when next stage working face extraction.By supporting of the present invention, go for the tunnel that geology is soft.
Further, indulge in described left-handed nothing between the strong twisted steel anchor rods such as muscle and adopt φ 15.24mm small-bore prestress anchorage cable to be encrypted supporting to it, anchor pole and cable interval are no more than 0.65m, and the prestressing force of described encryption prestress anchorage cable is 100-120KN.
Concrete TU canopy support process step is (see accompanying drawing 4):
A kind of TU canopy support process, it comprises the steps:
1), enter job location before, first should check job site support quality, find underproof support, must first process rear construction; Arrange, safeguard that support should be undertaken from outside to inside, by canopy.
2), upper beam: first according in, stringcourse close inspection drift section specification, in time rectification of pinpointing the problems; First to tap before upper beam, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive, crag, can start working after confirming safety; During upper beam, be first placed on forestope by one, beam, drag by beam toward helping movement on then exerting oneself, the beam other end is placed on forestope, and the first-class rear check and correction center line of Liang Zi, moves to the position of requirement according to middle bundle of lines beam; The level of good beam of expenditure dipstick metering, measures canopy distance, and fixing capplce two ends, upper top pull bar, draw-bar eye is aimed at pull bar silk and penetrate from bottom to top, nut of screwing on, tightens with torque spanner, and moment of torsion is not less than 100Nm, and pull bar is consistent with center line in roadway direction.
3), cross top: first tap, when guaranteeing safe, then on the capplce of new erection, lay wire lath, basketry sheet pool material rod etc. connect topping material and in time top is connect reality; Fall heights of roofs be less than 0.5m can with the pool material bundle or slab filling connect real top board; Fall heights of roofs and be more than or equal to 0.5m, first must check gas, gas density lower than 0.8% time, use half round timber (L=2.0m, D=0.2m) connect real top board with " well " font grillage.
4), hamstring is dug: under the top board shielding that effective support is good, look for clean side top cash, crag alive, measure hamstring position, TU type canopy leg hamstring buried depth 300mm, hamstring must dig the real end, if when hamstring ultra-deep or base plate are for floating cash, coal or soft rock, sabot (sabot specification 300mm × 300mm × 100mm) must be worn, forbids canopy leg to prop up on floating cash.
5), hired thug are planted: manually plant into hamstring by canopy leg, special messenger holds up leg, canopy leg is engaged with capplce tightly, check that meeting of hired thug of adjustment moves back mountain, swing, Zha Jiao and lap length, start upper card cable after reaching requirement, first the good distance of amount fixes card cable silk, after card cable eye aligning screw mandrel penetrates, first go up flat shim, then upper spring pad, then tightening nuts (moment of torsion is not less than 150Nm).
6), waist side: waist side carries out from bottom to top, and first carry on the back metal mesh sheet, pool material is evenly arranged flowers to be arranged between two frame canopies, and pool material is put steadily and carried out portion of filling side with spoil.
7), inclined gallery support should have suitable prop setting angle, and to keep tunnel firm, generally, prop setting angle is the 1/6-1/8 of roadway gradient, is forbidden to move back mountain.
Further, TU canopy complexed metal mesh sheet, pool material (top diameter >=30mm), the supporting of basketry sheet, pool material, basketry sheet, wire lath waist helped top, the pool material flower back of the body, diamond-type metal mesh sheet, basketry sheet is added, diamond mesh sheet specification: net width is length × wide=5600 × 1000mm between pool material and crag.TU canopy specification is: B (waist bundle) × H (capplce is to base plate)=4800 × 3000mm, beam length 4786mm, the long 3352mm of leg, and 5175mm is pricked at the end.
Further, under the shielding of metal forestope in time on capplce, plant canopy leg and waist side back of the body top; And require will lay wire lath between TU canopy support and crag, the pool material flower back of the body is adopted between wire lath and support, spacing 400mm (in-in), wire lath is laid along rack wheel profile, mesh sheet pressure stubble 100mm, pressure stubble place is firm with the colligation of 12# iron wire every 200mm, TU type canopy lap length 500mm, card cable center is apart from overlap edge along 125mm, and limited block distance overlap edge is along 100mm; Require that card cable is regular energetically, component is complete; A 100mm opened by U-shaped clamp, and every width card cable must assort two nuts, two flat shims, two spring shims, and card cable must be tightened with machinery or torque spanner, and moment of torsion is not less than 150Nm, and pull bar quantity is complete, and embarks on journey and reach the standard grade, effectively fastening; TU canopy set spacing is 800mm, when roof pressure is large or zone of fracture time, reduce canopy distance.
Claims (2)
1. a Bolt-mesh-cable support technology, it comprises the following steps:
1), beat square: first tap before perforating, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive, crag, can start working after confirming safety; Then according to center line close inspection drift section specification, necessary advanced row relax when operating regulation requires is not met; The position of square is wanted accurately, and eye position error must not exceed ± 100mm, and eye is to error 0 ~ 15 °: the square degree of depth must match with rock-bolt length, the short pricker length of portion's anchor pole lore of pinching 1 ~ 1.2m, and rear continuing with long pricker beats; Must operate under the shielding of temporary lining during construction; The order of perforating: carry out successively by the order of first pushing up rear side from outside to inside; Top board carries out perforating by the order of first intermediate and then both sides; Portion of side is perforating successively from the top down; A square must be made a call to an anchor pole is installed and tightens pallet;
2), roll bolt is installed: before installation, first sweep totally by the ponding in eyelet, the wind of rock dust pressure; During purging, operating personnel must stand in side, aperture, and eyelet direction forbids there is people, then linked network, first-class steel band beam, resin anchoring agent, through steel band beam eyelet and mesh sheet, withstands with anchor pole and delivers to eyeground, with supporting swivel sleeve, anchor nut is connected with roof-bolter, starting roof-bolter drives body of rod rotation that anchor pole is screwed in resin anchoring agent, stirs, until anchor pole reaches projected depth to Anchor Agent, stir 25 ~ 30s, and tightening nuts after pushing tow 91 ~ 180s; Ensure that steel band beam is close to by pallet, steel band beam and mesh sheet are close to coal petrography face; After 8min, with special spanner, secondary carries out to anchor pole fastening, guarantee that roll bolt torsional forces is not less than 200Nm, pulling capacity is not less than 100KN, what a roll bolt should be beaten and install one, after forbidding employing once to accomplish fluently all boltholes, and the method construction of property skyhook again;
3), side portion's anchor pole is installed: first beat a square topmost, after completing mesh sheet and steel band, beats note one, top anchor pole with air drill, other anchor pole of then constructing from top to bottom successively, namely after side connects mesh sheet, lay steel band, resin anchoring agent is through steel band eyelet and mesh sheet, withstand with anchor pole and deliver to eyeground, with dedicated convert sleeve, anchor nut is connected with side portion's roof-bolter or wind coal borer, start roof-bolter or wind coal borer to drive the body of rod to rotate anchor pole is screwed in resin anchoring agent, Anchor Agent is stirred, until anchor pole reaches projected depth, quick anchoring agent mixing time is 20 ~ 25s, the pushing tow stand-by period is 41 ~ 90s, after can tightening nuts, pallet is made to be close to steel band beam, steel band beam and mesh sheet are close to coal petrography face, after 8min, with special spanner, secondary carries out to anchor pole fastening, guarantee that portion of side anchor pole torsional forces is not less than 150Nm, pulling capacity is not less than 100KN,
4), beat anchor cable eye: first tap before perforating, carefully check top side country rock situation, look for cash alive; Can start working after confirming safety; The position of anchor cable eye is wanted accurately, and eye position error must not exceed ± 100mm, eye to error must not be greater than ± 2 °; Must carry out mark on hammer drill during perforating, strictly press the perforating of steel strand length, the anchor cable eye degree of depth must match with steel strand length, anchor cable hole degree of depth allowable variation-100 ~ 0mm, plays anchor cable and at the moment carries out perforating with short pricker continued access;
5), anchor cable is installed: before installation, first resin explosive roll is put into intraocular successively, powder stick is withstood with steel strand, powder stick is delivered to eyeground, fix steel strand with conversion sleeve and be connected with roof-bolter, advance while stirring, until be pushed at the bottom of hole, mixing time is 25 ~ 30s, and after pushing tow 91 ~ 180s, roof-bolter is fallen, unload the conversion sleeve on steel strand, resin explosive roll anchoring in anchor cable hole needs maintenance 15 minutes, and then tray, lockset, fastening with anchor cable tensioning machine tool, ensure that prestressd anchor cable is not less than 100KN and is not more than 120KN, and guarantee that pallet compresses and is close to scar,
Top adopts φ 22mm, the left-handed nothing of L=2400mm indulges the strong twisted steel anchor rods such as muscle, between array pitch 800mm × 800mm, paving diamond mesh coordinates the supporting of KTM4 steel band beam, diamond mesh specification is respectively: length × wide=5000 × 1000mm, length × wide=5600 × 1000mm, and anchor rod pallet board is length × wide × thick=150 × 150 × 10mm butterfly pallet; Portion of side adopts φ 20mm, L=2000mm dextrorotation full thread steel equal strength anchor rod, an array pitch 800mm × 800mm, and lay side portion's wire lath and coordinate KTM4 steel band to carry out supporting, steel band beam length 3m, side portion's wire lath is long × wide is 3000mm × 1000mm; Overlap along stubble between diamond mesh and diamond mesh, between side portion's wire lath and side portion's wire lath, pressure stubble 100mm, pressure stubble place tightens every the bifilar 12# iron wire of 200mm; Footing anchor pole is no more than 500mm apart from base plate; The middling speed resin anchoring agent that roll bolt Anchor Agent adopts 1 roll number to be Z2370, right side anchor pole adopts the slow resin anchoring agent of 2 volume M2370, and left side anchor pole adopts the rapid resin Anchor Agent of 1 volume K2370;
Supporting adopts dead zone to stay lane surrounding rock supporting, before beating square, is once staying on the tunneling boring in lane, along roadway direction interval erection Telescopic U-shaped steel canopy; Complete after U-shaped steel frame establishes, to once Liu Xiang tunnel inwall sprayed mortar, form concrete supporting, thickness is 200mm, and then beats square and carry out bolt support;
Indulging in described left-handed nothing between the strong twisted steel anchor rods such as muscle adopts φ 15.24mm small-bore encryption prestress anchorage cable to be encrypted supporting to it, anchor pole is no more than 0.65m with encryption prestress anchorage cable spacing, and the prestressing force of described encryption prestress anchorage cable is 100-120KN;
Broken or the sinking larger part erection wood point post at back.
2. support process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: anchor cable adopts the steel strand of φ 17.8mm to process, design length 6500 ~ 9500mm, hole lithology is detected according to top board, the 50m that selects often the to construct dark Roof rock feature of 10m of constructing in the center in tunnel detects hole, guarantees that the length that anchor cable is taken root in hard rock is not less than 1m; Coordinate special anchor cable pallet, it is 250 × 250mm, 14mm thicker strip sphere pallet, carries out supporting, and every 2 anchor cables 2m long steel band trend takes a step to connect, and both sides anchor cable is delayed must not meet head on and be greater than 5m, middle one arrange anchor cable delayed must not meet head on be greater than 50m; Anchor cable adopts 2 volume resin anchoring agent anchorings, and its middle and upper part Anchor Agent model is the rapid resin Anchor Agent of K2370, and lower anchor formulation number is the middling speed resin anchoring agent of Z2370.
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| CN104533483A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-04-22 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Roadway total-space prestress truss, anchor cable and anchor rod coordinated supporting method |
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| CN106761867A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 四川广旺能源发展（集团）有限责任公司 | High-dipping surrounding rock of actual mining roadway stabilization supporting facility and support process |
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| CN114876536B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-08-29 | 淮南矿业(集团)有限责任公司 | Anchor high-pretightening-force anchor rod and anchor rope combined supporting device and method |
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