CN102978449B - Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminum alloy, and preparation method and power cable thereof - Google Patents
Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminum alloy, and preparation method and power cable thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102978449B CN102978449B CN201210444998.5A CN201210444998A CN102978449B CN 102978449 B CN102978449 B CN 102978449B CN 201210444998 A CN201210444998 A CN 201210444998A CN 102978449 B CN102978449 B CN 102978449B
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- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 74
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- QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Al].[Cr] QQHSIRTYSFLSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910017134 AlSm Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical group [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides an Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminum alloy, and a preparation method of the Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminum alloy. The method comprises the steps that: (a) an aluminum alloy ingot is cast; (b) the aluminum alloy ingot is subjected to a homogenization treatment; and the obtained aluminum alloy ingot is rolled, such that an aluminum alloy rod material is obtained; (c) the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step (b) is subjected to a batch-type annealing treatment; and (d) the aluminum alloy rod material obtained in the step (c) is subjected to an aging treatment, such that aluminum alloy is obtained. The invention also provides a power cable. According to the invention, through the selection and control over added elements and the adoption of a reasonable preparation process, the obtained aluminum alloy is provided with good comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to alloy technology field, relate in particular to Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof and power cable.
Background technology
Aluminium alloy is a most widely used class non-ferrous metal structured material in industry, in Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, machinofacture, boats and ships and chemical industry, is used widely.Along with the develop rapidly of science and technology and industrial economy, the demand of aluminium alloy is increasing, and the research of aluminium alloy also thereupon deeply.The widespread use of aluminium alloy has promoted the development of aluminium alloy in power industry, and the Application Areas of aluminium alloy has been expanded again in the development of power industry simultaneously.
Power cable is that its basic structure is comprised of core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer four parts for carrying and distribute the resource of electric energy.Wherein, core is the current-carrying part of power cable, is used for transmission of electric energy, and it is the major portion of power cable; Insulation layer will be isolated from each other at electric equipment compartment between core and the earth and out of phase core, guarantees power delivery, and it is indispensable integral part in power cable structure; Protective layer is that protection power cable is avoided the intrusion of introduced contaminants and moisture, and prevents that external force from directly damaging power cable.Because copper has good electroconductibility, copper is widely used in the core of power cable.But along with the scarcity day by day of copper resource, and the content of aluminium is very abundant, has received investigator's concern with aluminium substitution copper, so aluminium alloy becomes the focus of research as cable conductor.
Aluminium alloy power cable substitutes copper cable becomes a kind of trend gradually, and is widely applied.Aluminum-alloy conductor material of the prior art, comparatively excellent at aspects such as electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and mechanical propertys, but aspect anti-fatigue performance or poor, thereby easily there are quality problems, affect the work-ing life of aluminum alloy materials or bring potential safety hazard, therefore, aluminium alloy power cable over-all properties is still poor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of over-all properties preferably for aluminium alloy of power cable and preparation method thereof.
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, comprising:
The Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%; The Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%; The Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%; The Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%; The Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%; The In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%; The Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt%; The aluminium of surplus.
Preferably, the Fe that comprises 0.25 ~ 0.6wt%.
Preferably, the RE that comprises 0.1 ~ 0.6wt%.
Preferably, the Sb that comprises 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%.
The preparation method who the invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, comprises the following steps:
A) cast the Fe of the aluminium alloy cast ingot of following composition: 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%, the Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, the In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus,
B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out to homogenizing processing, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenizing is processed is rolled, and obtains aluminium alloy pole stock;
C) aluminium alloy pole stock step b) being obtained carries out intermittent type anneal;
D) aluminium alloy pole stock step c) being obtained carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.
Preferably, the temperature that described homogenizing is processed is 450 ~ 550 ℃, and the time that described homogenizing is processed is 6 ~ 16h, and the heat-up rate that described homogenizing is processed is 3 ~ 8 ℃/min.
Preferably, described step c) is specially:
The aluminium alloy pole stock that step b) is obtained is heated to 280 ~ 350 ℃, after insulation 2 ~ 8h, lowers the temperature, and temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 ℃, cooling after insulation 2 ~ 4h.
Preferably, described ageing treatment is to carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.
Preferably, the temperature of described ageing treatment is 250 ~ 320 ℃, and the time of described ageing treatment is 4 ~ 20h.
The present invention also provides a kind of power cable, comprises core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, and described core is aluminium alloy or the prepared aluminium alloy of such scheme described in such scheme.
The invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, the present invention be take aluminium as base, has added micro-iron, and aluminium can form Al with iron
3fe, the Al separating out
3fe dispersed granules has suppressed the creep strain of alloy, and part Fe also forms AlFeRE compound with RE and separates out, and precipitated phase AlFeRE can strengthen the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation, and rare earth compound precipitated phase can also improve yield strength intensity; The copper adding forms θ phase with aluminium, and θ plays solution strengthening and dispersion-strengthened action mutually, has improved tensile strength and the yield strength of aluminium alloy; Vanadium in alloy melt with the element such as Fe, Cu, RE form al-based compound be distributed in aluminium base in, there is High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy; In aluminium alloy, add after a small amount of silver element, promoted the formation of timeliness transition phase, improved the stability of transition phase, improved the aging hardening behavior of aluminium alloy, make aluminium alloy mechanical property obtain larger raising; Tin can form Al in melt
9sn
7, Al
6sn
5, Al
5sn
2, Al
3sn
4etc. multiple alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve thermostability and the high-temperature creep resistance of alloy operation, and can effectively improve the corrosion resistance under Alloy At Room Temperature or hot conditions; Antimony adds in aluminium alloy, and first the high melting compound forming with aluminium is dispersoid particle in alloy graining process separates out, and a large amount of disperse nucleus impel grain refining, put forward heavy alloyed yield strength; Rare earth element, as surface active element, can be concentrated and be distributed on crystal boundary, reduces pulling force between phase and phase, thereby makes grain refining.The present invention, by the selection of alloy element and the control of content, is conducive to the raising of aluminium alloy over-all properties.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, first by ingot casting, carries out homogenizing processing, and homogenizing is processed ingot casting is heated evenly, and the weave construction of optimized alloy; Then the aluminium alloy cast ingot of homogenizing being processed is rolled into pole stock and carries out intermittent type anneal, eliminate the internal stress and the damage to microtexture that in mechanical processing process, produce, optimize crystalline structure, recover the electrical property of wire rod, optimize mechanical property, make tensile property, flexility and the anti-fatigue performance of material keep coupling preferably; Again the aluminium alloy pole stock after anneal is carried out to ageing treatment in uniform electric field, can make the performance of whole material reach be uniformly distributed by ageing treatment, properties overall target reaches all good couplings.The present invention is by the optimization to aluminium alloy preparation method, make tensile property, flexility, electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and the anti-fatigue performance aspect of material keep coupling preferably, and the performance that makes whole material reaches and is uniformly distributed, thereby obtain the good aluminium alloy of over-all properties.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these are described is for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than limiting to the claimed invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, comprising:
The Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%; The Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%; The Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%; The Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%; The Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%; The Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%; The Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%; The Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%; The Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%; The In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%; The Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%; The Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%; The RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt%; The aluminium of surplus.
According to the present invention, iron is as feature microalloy element, because aluminium can form Al with iron
3fe, the Al separating out
3fe diffusing particle has suppressed the creep strain of alloy, and improves the stability connecting.Fe can improve aluminium base tensile strength, yield strength and resistance toheat, can also put forward heavy alloyed plasticity simultaneously.In the preparation process of aluminium alloy, in alloy, part Fe is with Al
3the form of Fe is separated out, and part Fe and RE form AlFeRE compound and separate out, and after the high temperature anneal, the solid solution of Fe in aluminium base is less, and the impact of the electrical property of Fe alloy is very little; But these disperse educts are on good terms and are strengthened the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation, and rare earth compound precipitated phase can also improve yield strength intensity.In alloy, the content of Fe is below 0.01wt%, very little to aluminium base performance change, do not have effect, but the content of Fe can not be too high, if surpass 1.6wt%, the weakening of aluminium base electrical property is comparatively obvious, for the use for electric wire and cable conductor, cable accessory and appliance field aspect, has impact, and it is better that therefore total body burden is controlled the following effect of 1.6wt%.The content of described Fe is 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, is preferably 0.20 ~ 1.0wt%, more preferably 0.25 ~ 0.6wt%, more preferably 0.30 ~ 0.45wt%.
Copper is the basic strengthening element in aluminium alloy, and it and aluminium form θ (Al
2cu) phase, and θ has the effect of solution strengthening and dispersion-strengthened mutually, can effectively improve tensile strength and the yield strength of aluminium alloy.If the content of copper is less than 0.001wt%, not obvious to the mechanical property improvement of aluminium alloy, if content surpasses 0.3wt%, reduce specific conductivity.In addition, Cu can also improve aluminum alloy heat performance.The content of described Cu is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.008 ~ 0.28wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.25wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.10 ~ 0.15wt%.
The present invention has also added the larger magnesium elements of atomic radius in aluminium alloy, and magnesium can make lattice produce distortion, causes solution hardening; Magnesium can also improve erosion resistance and the resistance toheat of aluminium alloy simultaneously.But the content of magnesium should not surpass 0.3wt%, too Gao Zehui causes the reduction of the too much increase of resistance and resistance toheat.The content of described magnesium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%.
According to the present invention, select high reactivity element cobalt as alloying trace additives, cobalt can form AlCo, Al in alloy
3co
2, AlCo
2etc. multiple dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase; When coexisting, it and iron forms Al in interdendritic
4etc. (CoFe) complicated strengthening phase, hinders dislocation, stops grain sliding, has effectively improved antifatigue and creep-resistant property under Alloy At Room Temperature and high temperature, thereby improves the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy.The content of described cobalt is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.28wt%, and more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.055 ~ 0.18wt%.
Beryllium (Be) forms α, β dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase in alloy, can prevent oxidation, the scaling loss and air-breathing of alloying element, puies forward the density of heavy alloyed smelting quality and surface film oxide.Be can also make impurity iron become a shape from needle-like, sand mold casting and model recoil in the time of can preventing from pouring into a mould.Because Be has high affinity to oxygen and nitrogen, so it is efficiently when melt is degassed, thereby it is better to access surface smoothness, and intensity is higher, and the improved premium casting of ductility.On the other hand, in alloy, add Be can make the Fe intermetallic crystal of fragility be transformed into little equiaxed crystal by large needle-like shape and stratiform shape, improve intensity and the ductility of alloy, and can allow in aluminium alloy, there is higher Fe content.Be can also improve the mobility of aluminium alloy, the mobility of melt is increased, and can put forward heavy alloyed tensile strength and yield strength.According to the present invention, the content of described Be is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, more preferably 0.10 ~ 0.15wt%.
Calcium (Ca) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, forms Al in alloy melt
4ca, Al
2ca
3, AlCa
2deng metallic compound, high-temperature behavior that can reinforced aluminium alloy, strengthens resistance toheat and the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy, and it can not cause too large impact to the electrical property of aluminium alloy below 0.3wt%.The content of described calcium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.004 ~ 0.28wt%, and more preferably 0.011 ~ 0.25wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.08 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.10 ~ 0.12wt%.
The present invention has added micro-zinc in aluminium alloy, and zinc forms REAl with Al in melt
2zn
3, Fe
3al
2the various metals compounds such as Zn, can play the tensile property of improving aluminium alloy, and to a certain degree can effectively improve the high-temp anti-corrosion performance of aluminium alloy, can also improve the wear resisting property of aluminium alloy.The content of described zinc is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.12wt%, most preferably is 0.08 ~ 0.10wt%.
Strontium (Sr) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, in melt, can form Al
7sr
8, Al
4sr
3, AlSr
2and AlSr
3etc. multiple alloying element, can play High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve high temperature creep property.Secondly, Sr adds in aluminium alloy, can prevent aluminium alloy high temperature cracking when casting, avoids occurring unnecessary impact in casting, reduces process costs, improves the disposable power that is processed into.The content of described strontium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.28wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.26wt% more preferably, and 0.06 ~ 0.24wt% more preferably, more preferably 0.10 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.12 ~ 0.15wt%.
Zirconium (Zr) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, and it is by form tiny dispersion-strengthened phase in alloy, and the strengthening effect that reaches a high temperature, improves the thermostability of aluminium alloy under hot operation; On the other hand, Zr and Fe, Cu and Al form complicated alloy cpd, can improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy.The content of described zirconium is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.25wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.20wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.10 ~ 0.12wt%.
Silicon (Si) can promote Al
3zr separates out, and improves tensile strength; Si can also form Mg-Si metallic compound with Mg, improves the thermal characteristics of aluminium alloy.But the content of Si should not surpass 0.2%, otherwise can cause electrical property obviously to decline, and cast bar easily produces defect, in rolling and strand process processed, easily occurs phenomenon of rupture.The content of described silicon is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.001 ~ 0.18wt%, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.08 ~ 0.12wt%.
The present invention by boron (B) add aluminium base in, can crystal grain thinning, form tiny disperse educt phase, owing to there is a large amount of this disperse phase in alloy, growing up of crystal grain also hindered, thereby can significantly improve recrystallization temperature, extend recrystallize incubation period, reduce recrystallize speed.On the other hand, boron can also improve intensity and the extension property of aluminium alloy, and makes alloy have good fatigue resistance.B can also form complex compound with Zr and Al, puies forward heavy alloyed thermal characteristics.The content of described boron is less than or equal to 0.8wt% for being greater than zero, is preferably 0.001 ~ 0.70wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.65wt% more preferably, and 0.10 ~ 0.5wt% more preferably, more preferably 0.25 ~ 0.45wt%, most preferably is 0.30 ~ 0.40wt%.
According to the present invention, in aluminium alloy, added elemental lithium, lithium (Li) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, forms Al in alloy melt
2li
3, AlLi
2and AlLi
5etc. dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase, thus hardness, corrosion resistance nature and the toughness of raising aluminium alloy.The content of described lithium is 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.20wt%, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.
Sodium (Na) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, forms Al in alloy melt
2na
3, AlNa
2, AlNa
5deng complex alloys compound, in melt, form complex alloys compound with Fe, Mg, RE simultaneously, above-mentioned alloy cpd disperse is distributed in alloy, can crystal grain thinning, thereby raising intensity of aluminum alloy, improve the anti-fatigue performance of aluminium alloy and increase the plasticity of aluminium alloy, strengthen the workability of aluminium alloy.The content of described sodium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, 0.005 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.13wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.
Potassium (K) element, as the trace additives of aluminium alloy, forms Al in alloy melt
5k
7, Al
3k
4, Al
2k
3, AlK
2deng complex alloys compound, described alloy cpd has High-Temperature Strengthening effect, can improve thermotolerance and the workability of aluminium alloy, strengthens the plasticity of aluminium alloy.The content of described potassium is 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.23wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.20wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.18wt%, most preferably is 0.10 ~ 0.15wt%.
Titanium (Ti) element is as the trace additives of complex compound, in alloy melt, form aluminium base complex compound with multiple elements such as Fe, Mg, Cu, RE, effective crystallization of refinement, improve crystalline structure structure, and on aluminium base crystal boundary, separate out composite alloy compound, reduce the abated effect of other trace element to aluminium alloy electric performance, and the creep-resistant property that improves aluminium alloy improves the castability of alloy.The content of described titanium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, 0.005 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.13wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.
Vanadium (V) element is as the trace additives of complex compound, in alloy melt with the elements such as Fe, Cu, RE form aluminium base complex compound be distributed in aluminium base in, there is the effect of High-Temperature Strengthening, can improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy.The content of described vanadium is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.13wt%, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.07wt%.
Chromium (Cr) forms β-GrAl in alloy
7, η-Gr
27 kinds of dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phases such as Al, have refinement cast structure, the ability of heat resistanceheat resistant crackle when material crystallization; Chromium can also improve the wear resistance of aluminium alloy.The content of described chromium is 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.08wt%.
The MnAl that manganese (Mn) element and the effect of matrix element aluminium obtain
4there is identical current potential with fine aluminium, can effectively improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Manganese, as High-Temperature Strengthening phase, has raising recrystallization temperature simultaneously, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize solution strengthening, the supplementary strengthening of alloy and improve resistance toheat.The content of described manganese is 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, and more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.
Nickel (Ni) element adds element as the feature of complex alloys, in melt, can form AlNi
2, Al
3the High-Temperature Strengthening phases such as Ni, are disperse phase and are distributed in matrix crystal boundary, put forward heavy alloyed room temperature intensity and hot strength and volume, dimensional stability, and have and make the compound of Fe become block tendency, reduce the impact of Fe on aluminium base electrical property.The content of described nickel is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.05wt%.
Gallium (Ga) element adds element as the feature of complex alloys, has and improves the problem of oxidation of aluminium alloy in melting, casting, welding, rolling, forging and stamping and extruding heat-processed.The content of described gallium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, 0.008 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.12wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.08wt%.
Germanium (Ge) adds element as the feature of complex alloys, in melt, can form Al
9ge
7, Al
6ge
5, Al
5ge
2, Al
3ge
4etc. multiple alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve the thermally-stabilised and high-temperature creep resistance of alloy operation.The content of described germanium is 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.18wt%, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.10wt%.
Rubidium (Rb) adds element as the feature of complex alloys, in melt, can form Al
7rb
9, Al
5rb
3, AlRb
2, AlRb
4deng metallic compound, improve the tensile strength of aluminium alloy, particularly improve the yield strength of aluminium alloy.The content of described rubidium is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, 0.005 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, and 0.005 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
Niobium (Nb) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, in melt, can form AlNb
3, AlNb, Al
3the High-Temperature Strengthening metallic compounds such as Nb; Be disperse phase and be distributed in matrix crystal boundary, put forward heavy alloyed room temperature strength and hot strength.The content of described niobium is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.12wt%, more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.10wt%, more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.08wt%; Most preferably be 0.03 ~ 0.05wt%.
Molybdenum (Mo) element, as the characteristic element of complex compound, can form High-Temperature Strengthening phase Al in melt
12mo ~ AlMo
3between 13 kinds of metallic compounds, be disperse phase and be distributed in matrix crystal boundary, improve room temperature strength and the hot strength of aluminium alloy.The content of described molybdenum is 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, 0.005 ~ 0.15wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
Technetium (Tc) adds element as the feature of complex alloys, can improve the erosion resistance of alloy in melt, shields impurity element simultaneously, reduces the damaging effect of impurity element to aluminium alloy electric performance.Tc can form Al with Al
5tc
7, Al
4tc
3, Al
2tc
3, AlTc
2etc. complicated metallic compound, as High-Temperature Strengthening phase, there is raising recrystallization temperature, suppress the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, realize the solution strengthening of aluminium alloy, supplement strengthening and improve resistance toheat.The content of described technetium is 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.23wt%, 0.01 ~ 0.20wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%, most preferably is 0.08 ~ 0.12wt%.
The RuAl that ruthenium (Ru) and matrix effect obtain
4there is identical current potential with fine aluminium, can effectively improve erosion resistance and the weldability of alloy; Ru, as High-Temperature Strengthening phase, has raising recrystallization temperature simultaneously, suppresses the effect of recrystallize alligatoring, can realize the solution strengthening to aluminium alloy, the resistance toheat of supplementing strengthening and improving aluminium alloy.The content of described ruthenium is 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.13wt%, and more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.
High reactivity elemental rhodium (Rh), as complex alloys trace additives, forms Al in alloy
5rh
2, Al
3rh
2, AlRh
2etc. multiple dispersivity High-Temperature Strengthening phase; When on the other hand, itself and iron coexist, form Al
4etc. (RhFe) strengthening phase is distributed in interdendritic, hinders dislocation, stops grain sliding, has effectively improved room temperature and the antifatigue under high temperature and the creep-resistant property of alloy, thereby has made aluminium alloy possess good thermotolerance.The content of described rhodium is 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.
Palladium (Pd) element adds element as the feature of complex alloys, in melt, can form AlPd
2, Al
3pd, Al
2the multiple High-Temperature Strengthening phase such as Pd, be disperse phase and be distributed in matrix grain boundaries, can put forward volume, the dimensional stability of heavy alloyed room temperature and hot strength and aluminium alloy, and make the compound of Fe become block tendency, reduce the impact of Fe on aluminium base electrical property, and play energy high temperature toughening effect.The content of described palladium is 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.10wt%, more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.08wt%, more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.
Silver (Ag) element adds element as the feature of complex compound, in aluminium alloy, add after a small amount of silver element, promote the formation of timeliness transition phase, improved the stability of transition phase, improved the aging hardening behavior of aluminium alloy, made the mechanical property of alloy obtain larger raising.The content of described silver is 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.08wt%, and more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.05wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.03wt%.
Cadmium (Cd) forms REAl with Al in melt
2cd
3, Fe
3al
2cd, Al
3cd, Al
2cd
3deng various metals compound, can improve the tensile property of aluminium alloy, and in the high-temperature corrosion-resistance performance of to a certain degree effectively improving aluminium alloy, and there is toughening effect, improve the high-speed stretch performance of alloy, avoid the cracking phenomena in drawing process to occur, improve lumber recovery.The content of described cadmium is 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.10wt%, and more preferably 0.008 ~ 0.08wt%, most preferably is 0.01 ~ 0.05wt%.
Indium (In) adds element as the feature of complex alloys, forms Al in alloy melt
12in
9, Al
7in
8deng Various Complex compound, have and improve the problem of oxidation of alloy in melting, casting, welding, rolling, forging and stamping and extruding heat-processed.The content of described indium is 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, is preferably 0.005 ~ 0.15wt%, 0.008 ~ 0.12wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.10wt%, most preferably is 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
Tin (Sn) adds element as the feature of complex alloys, forms Al in melt
9sn
7, Al
6sn
5, Al
5sn
2, Al
3sn
4etc. multiple alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve thermostability and the high-temperature creep resistance of alloy operation, and can effectively improve the corrosion resistance under Alloy At Room Temperature or hot conditions.The content of described tin is 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.05wt%, more preferably 0.005 ~ 0.01wt%.
First the high melting compound that antimony (Sb) and aluminium form is dispersoid particle in alloy graining process separates out, and the crystalline structure of its particle can be used as heterogeneous nucleus, and a large amount of disperse nucleus impel grain refining, put forward heavy alloyed yield strength.Because aluminum alloy solidification temperature range is wide, segregation tendency is large, and during slow cooling, the nascent rich aluminium α phase dendrite of low melting point is because light specific gravity floats, and dystectic rich iron, magnesium, copper liquid deposit to foundry goods bottom and final set.Solidify latter stage, dendrite forms network, remaining liquid phase rises owing to soaking crystal face, flow into dendrite with feeding solidification shrinkage, thereby occur that bottom contracting is empty, the problem of shrinkage porosite, affect the plasticity of alloy, and in aluminium alloy, add after antimony, can form stable multi-element compounds with the aluminium in alloy, iron, magnesium, copper, as Al
5sb
4fe etc., the density of these compounds is close with aluminium alloy, when alloy graining, first they separate out, and forms network frame, is suspended in aluminium alloy, inhibition is played in whereabouts to the floating of rich aluminium phase and rich iron, magnesium, copper phase, thereby the defect that the gravity segregation that has suppressed alloy easily causes lower surface to shrink, makes alloy have superplasticity, is conducive to be drawn into very thin alloy wire.The content of described antimony is 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, is preferably 0.003 ~ 0.28wt%, 0.005 ~ 0.25wt% more preferably, and more preferably 0.01 ~ 0.20wt%, most preferably is 0.05 ~ 0.15wt%.
The present invention has added rare earth element in aluminium alloy, described rare earth element can be put forward heavy alloyed electroconductibility, due to rare earth element energy crystal grain thinning, and form stable compound and separate out from crystal with the elements such as Fe, Cu in alloy, reduce electrolytical liquidus temperature, ion movement velocity under the effect of electric field is accelerated, reduced concentration overpotential, thereby make the resistivity decreased of aluminium alloy.On the other hand, rare earth element is larger than aluminium with the avidity of the elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, form multiple compounds, thereby rare earth is degasification in alloy, denitrogenation, slag making, neutralization trace low melting point impurity and the clearing machine that changes impurity state, can play good refining effect, make alloy become purer, thereby resistivity is greatly improved, electric conductivity can reach 60%IACS.On the other hand, rare earth element can form dense oxidation film structure, for carrying heavy alloyed oxidisability and electrochemical corrosion resistant, plays fabulous effect, has improved the work-ing life of aluminium alloy.In addition, rare earth is surface active element, can concentrate and be distributed on crystal boundary face, reduces pulling force between phase and phase, therefore the merit that forms critical size nucleus is reduced, and nuclei of crystallization quantity increases, thereby makes grain refining.Secondly, after ageing treatment in melting, high temperature annealing and uniform electric field, Fe forms complicated ferro-aluminum rare earth metal with RE in Al, has improved the antifatigue limit and the yield strength of alloy, increases alloy result of use and work-ing life in actual applications.
Described rare earth elements RE is one or more in lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (S c) and yttrium (Y), is preferably one or more in Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Tm and Lu.Wherein, rare earth Pm forms Al in alloy
11pm
3~ AlPm
2deng 6 kinds of active metallic compounds; Rare-earth Sm forms Al in alloy
11sm
4, Al
3sm, Al
2sm, AlSm, AlSm
3isoreactivity metallic compound; Rare earth Eu forms EuAl in alloy
4, EuAl
2, EuAl isoreactivity metallic compound; Rare-earth Gd forms Al in alloy
4gd ~ Al
17gd
2deng 7 kinds of infusibility metallic compounds; Rare earth Tb forms Al in alloy
3tb, Al
2tb, AlTb, AlTb
2, AlTb
3deng infusibility active metallic compound; Rare earth Dy forms Al in alloy
5dy ~ Al
17dy
2deng 8 kinds of infusibility active metallic compounds; Rare earth Ho forms Al in alloy
5ho
3, Al
3ho, AlHo
2, AlHo
3deng infusibility active metallic compound; Rare earth Tm forms Al in alloy
3tm
2, Al
3tm, AlTm, AlTm
3deng infusibility active metallic compound; Rare earth Lu forms Al in alloy
7lu
3, Al
5lu
3, Al
2lu
3, AlLu
2, AlLu
3deng infusibility active metallic compound.Above-mentioned dystectic active metallic compound disperse is distributed in intergranular and the interdendritic that is netted or skeleton shape, and with matrix mortise, played the effect of strengthening and stable crystal boundary.Meanwhile, also can in and the element such as element of Fe, Cu in molten metal, form dystectic compound or they be uniformly distributed in the whole crystalline structure in interdendritic, eliminated dendritic structure, to improve the over-all properties of alloy material.The content of described rare earth element is 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, is preferably 0.03 ~ 2.5wt%, and more preferably 0.05 ~ 1.5wt%, most preferably is 0.1 ~ 0.6wt%.
According to the present invention, for the base aluminum in aluminium alloy, can adopt the fine aluminium of industrial Al99.70, make aluminium alloy prepared by the present invention there is the advantages such as raw material supply abundance, cost is low, buying is convenient; Simultaneously aluminium base refined aluminium or the high-purity grade of aluminium of can also adopting is as matrix alloy, and this is aluminium base has higher quality than conventional aluminium sill, and the product being processed into has more advantage at electrical property and mechanical properties.
The invention provides a kind of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, described aluminium alloy be take aluminium as base, has added micro-iron, and aluminium can form Al with iron
3fe, the Al separating out
3fe dispersed granules has suppressed the creep strain of alloy, and part Fe also forms AlFeRE compound with RE and separates out, and precipitated phase AlFeRE can strengthen the anti-fatigue performance of alloy and the resistance toheat of hot operation, and rare earth compound precipitated phase can also improve yield strength intensity; Copper forms θ phase with aluminium, for the tensile strength and the yield strength that improve aluminium alloy, has played good effect; Vanadium in alloy melt with the element such as Fe, Cu, RE form al-based compound be distributed in aluminium base in, there is High-Temperature Strengthening effect, improve the thermotolerance of aluminium alloy; Germanium can form Al in melt
9ge
7, Al
6ge
5, Al
5ge
2, Al
3ge
4deng alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve the thermally-stabilised and high-temperature creep resistance of alloy operation; Tin can form Al in melt
9sn
7, Al
6sn
5, Al
5sn
2, Al
3sn
4etc. multiple alloy cpd, form High-Temperature Strengthening phase, improve thermostability and the high-temperature creep resistance of alloy operation, and can effectively improve the corrosion resistance under Alloy At Room Temperature or hot conditions; Rare earth element is surface active element, can concentrate and be distributed on crystal boundary face, reduces pulling force between phase and phase, thereby makes grain refining.The present invention, by adding Determination of multiple metal elements and the control to constituent content, is conducive to the raising of aluminium alloy over-all properties.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, comprises the following steps:
A) by the raw material casting of following composition, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot: the Fe of 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.1wt%, the Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, the In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus,
B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out to homogenizing processing, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenizing is processed is rolled, and obtains aluminium alloy pole stock;
C) aluminium alloy pole stock step b) being obtained carries out intermittent type anneal;
D) aluminium alloy pole stock step c) being obtained carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.
According to the present invention, step a) is casting process, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot, for various elements are fully melted, be uniformly distributed, as preferred version, above-mentioned casting technique specifically comprises: aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, in closed environment, be heated to 720 ~ 800 ℃ and insulation, after aluminium ingot fusing, add again Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Sb or Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Al-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Sb master alloy, after stirring, add rare earth elements RE, obtain alloy melt, described alloy melt is added to refining agent, carry out furnace refining, insulation 20 ~ 40min, obtains aluminium alloy, described aluminium alloy, through degasification, slagging-off, is entered to casting machine and casts, obtain aluminium alloy cast ingot.Because aluminium is difficult for scaling loss, and add-on is more, therefore first aluminium is added to smelting furnace, then adds other metallic element.Alloying element of the present invention preferably adopts said sequence to add, and makes, after various element meltings, loss does not occur, and various elements can fully melt simultaneously, are uniformly distributed.
The treatment stage that step b) being homogenizing, the temperature that described homogenizing is processed is preferably 450 ~ 550 ℃, and more preferably 480 ℃ ~ 520 ℃, the time that described homogenizing is processed is preferably 2 ~ 8h, more preferably 3 ~ 6h.Aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out to homogenizing processing, can guarantee that ingot casting is in the process of rolling pole stock, its intensity and ductility have good coupling, thereby avoid adopting traditional way to cause the destruction of material microstructure and further affect processing characteristics.In order to guarantee that ingot casting is heated evenly, the weave construction of optimized alloy, avoid alloy in the course of processing owing to heating up or the too fast generation that causes internal structure defect of lowering the temperature, the heat-up rate that described homogenizing is processed is preferably 3 ~ 8 ℃/min, more preferably 5 ℃/min.Aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out after homogenizing processing, by aluminium alloy cast ingot rolling, obtain aluminium alloy pole stock.
Subsequently aluminium alloy pole stock is heat-treated, first aluminium alloy pole stock is carried out in annealing furnace to anneal at intermittence.Described intermittence, anneal was specially: described aluminium alloy pole stock is heated to 280 ~ 350 ℃, after insulation 2 ~ 8h, lowers the temperature, temperature is down to 150 ~ 200 ℃, cooling after insulation 2 ~ 4h.For fear of aluminum alloy materials, oxidation at high temperature occurs and cause material to weaken at electrical property and surface corrosion-resistant erosion aspect of performance, described anneal is preferably carried out under inert atmosphere.The present invention adopts intermittent type substep anneal, and cooling down progressively, this kind of internal stress and the damage to microtexture that processing mode can be eliminated to produce in mechanical processing process, optimize crystalline structure, recover the electrical property of wire rod, optimize mechanical property, make tensile property, flexility and the anti-fatigue performance aspect of material keep coupling preferably.
Aluminium alloy pole stock is being carried out after anneal, the aluminium alloy pole stock after anneal is being carried out to ageing treatment.Described ageing treatment is preferably to carry out in 5 ~ 15KV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.The temperature of described ageing treatment is preferably 250 ~ 320 ℃, and more preferably 280 ~ 300 ℃, the time of described ageing treatment is preferably 4 ~ 20h, and more preferably 8 ~ 15h, most preferably is 10 ~ 13h.On the basis of anneal technology, carry out ageing treatment, can further make up heat conduction inequality in anneal process, cause the feature of the inside and outside performance profile inequality of material or local defect.By ageing treatment, can make the performance of whole material reach and be uniformly distributed, properties overall target reaches all good couplings.So anneal and ageing treatment, both effective combinations, have played vital effect for the optimization of material monolithic performance, and Neither of the two can be dispensed.The present invention preferably carries out ageing treatment in high-intensity uniform electric field, and first aspect has changed arrangement, coupling and the migration of atom, and second aspect has improved the solid solution degree of alloying element, has brought out the homogeneous nucleation of T1 phase, has improved the yield strength of alloy; The sample that homogenizing is processed carries out after ageing treatment, and precipitated phase even dispersion distributes, and the mechanical property of alloy improves greatly; The third aspect, what changed fine crystals tissue separates out form and quantity, makes, in material solid-state phase changes, the orientations such as form, size, distribution occur and is controlled, thereby control the tissue of material, finally obtains good mechanical property and electric property.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of aluminium alloy, first by ingot casting, carry out homogenizing processing, then the aluminium alloy cast ingot of homogenizing being processed is rolled into pole stock and puts into annealing furnace again, carry out anneal, in uniform electric field, carry out again ageing treatment, make tensile property, flexility, electrical property, corrosion resistance nature and the anti-fatigue performance aspect of material keep coupling preferably, and the performance of whole material is reached be uniformly distributed, thereby obtain the good aluminium alloy of over-all properties.Aluminum alloy materials of the present invention is by adding multiple alloying element and adopting heat treatment technics, improved greatly the resistance toheat of fine aluminium, make this aluminum alloy materials long-time running temperature at 237 ℃, creep is less, tensile strength keeps 92% survival rate, ensured that mechanical property changes less under hot operation, anti-fatigue performance has also obtained good raising simultaneously, the number of times of bending repeatedly of aluminium alloy reaches 37 times, can avoid like this loss in various degree occurring in installation process as conductor thread core; And make the snappiness of alloy fairly good by heat treatment technics, cable is installed bending radius at 4.5 times more than the outside diameter of cable, greatly improved the ductility of aluminium alloy, unit elongation surpasses 32%, can easily there is not due to pulling force effect damage phenomenon, and processing characteristics is very good, be applicable to be drawn into the monofilament that filament diameter differs in size more than 0.1mm.
The present invention also provides a kind of power cable, described power cable comprises core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, described core is aluminium alloy, the Fe that described aluminium alloy contains 0.01 ~ 1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Zr of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Na of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the K of 0.002 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the V of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003 ~ 0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Mo of 0.001 ~ 0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001 ~ 0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001 ~ 0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002 ~ 0.2wt%, the Pd of 0.001 ~ 0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001 ~ 0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002 ~ 0.13wt%, the In of 0.003 ~ 0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001 ~ 0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001 ~ 0.3wt%, the RE of 0.01 ~ 3.0wt%, be greater than the zero Si that is less than or equal to 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus, the preparation method of described aluminium alloy is prepared by the method according to such scheme.Preparation method the present invention of described power cable does not have special restriction, is mode well known to those skilled in the art.
Core using the aluminium alloy in such scheme of the present invention as power cable, can make power cable there is good over-all properties, experimental result shows: aluminium alloy electric conductivity prepared by the present invention is greater than 60%, tensile strength is greater than 132MPa, elongation at break is greater than 33%, and long-time running heat resisting temperature can reach 237 ℃, and after heat-resisting test run(s), intensity survival rate can reach 92%, 90 degree repeatedly bend number of times and reach 37 times, and the mass loss of 400h corrosion resistance nature is less than 0.8g/m
2hr, minimum bending radius is greater than 4.5 times of outside diameters of cable, and monofilament minimum diameter is greater than 0.1m.
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, aluminium alloy provided by the invention and preparation method thereof is elaborated, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 720 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Sb, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 650 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 450 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 6h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 280 ℃ of insulation 2h, then annealing temperature is down to 150 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 5kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 250 ℃, and aging time is 4h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 2
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 740 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Sb, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 720 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 3 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 550 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 16h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 360 ℃ of insulation 8h, then annealing temperature is down to 200 ℃ of insulation 2h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 15kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 320 ℃, and aging time is 20h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 3
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 760 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Sb master alloy, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 680 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 8 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 500 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 10h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 300 ℃ of insulation 4h, then annealing temperature is down to 160 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 10kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 260 ℃, and aging time is 10h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 4
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 780 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Sb master alloy, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 750 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 480 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 8h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 350 ℃ of insulation 4h, then annealing temperature is down to 170 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 12kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 260 ℃, and aging time is 14h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 5
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 800 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Sb, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 700 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 6 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 490 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 18h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 320 ℃ of insulation 6h, then annealing temperature is down to 190 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 12kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 310 ℃, and aging time is 16h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 6
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 730 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Sb master alloy, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 800 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 7 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 460 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 14h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 350 ℃ of insulation 7h, then annealing temperature is down to 190 ℃ of insulation 4h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 11kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 305 ℃, and aging time is 18h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 7
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 750 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Sb master alloy, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 720 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 4 ℃/min heats up, and temperature to 470 ℃ is rolled into pole stock after insulation 12h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 340 ℃ of insulation 5h, then annealing temperature is down to 170 ℃ of insulation 4h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 12.5kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 315 ℃, and aging time is 17h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 8
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 790 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Al-Fe, Al-Cu, Al-Mg, Al-Co, Al-Be, Al-Ca, Al-Zn, Zn-Sr, Al-Zr, Al-Si, Al-B, Al-Li, Al-Na, Al-K, Al-Ti, Al-V, Al-Cr, Al-Mn, Al-Ni, Al-Ga, Al-Ge, Al-Rb, Al-Nb, Al-Mo, Al-Tc, Al-Ru, Al-Rh, Al-Pd, Al-Ag, Al-Cd, Al-In, Al-Sn and Al-Sb master alloy, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 750 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and 510 ℃ of temperature are rolled into pole stock after insulation 13h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 310 ℃ of insulation 5h, then annealing temperature is down to 170 ℃ of insulation 4h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 8kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 285 ℃, and aging time is 14h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 9
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 760 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Sb, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 25min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 690 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and 480 ℃ of temperature are rolled into pole stock after insulation 14h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 340 ℃ of insulation 4h, then annealing temperature is down to 190 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 11kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 295 ℃, and aging time is 15h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Embodiment 10
(1) aluminium ingot is dropped in smelting furnace, heating makes it fusing and insulation at 740 ℃, and melting process completes in sealed environment; First add Fe, Cu, Mg, Co, Be, Ca, Zn, Sr, Zr, Si, B, Li, Na, K, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ga, Ge, Rb, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn and Sb, after stirring, add again rare earth RE to stir 20min until stir standing insulation 30min; Then above-mentioned alloy melt is carried out to furnace refining; In alloy melt, add refining agent, and stir, more standing insulation 30min, melt refining operates in sealed environment; Slag hitting after refining, standing, temperature adjustment to 800 ℃, aluminium alloy is toppled over and is come out of the stove, then after degasification, slagging-off are processed, enters casting machine and cast, and obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot, and ingot casting becomes to be respectively in table 1;
(2) speed that aluminium alloy cast ingot step (1) being obtained carries out 5 ℃/min heats up, and 530 ℃ of temperature are rolled into pole stock after insulation 15h;
(3) pole stock step (2) being obtained carries out anneal under inert atmosphere, is heated to 340 ℃ of insulation 7h, then annealing temperature is down to 160 ℃ of insulation 3h, is cooled to room temperature;
(4) in the uniform electric field that pole stock step (3) being obtained is 13kV/cm in strength of electric field, carry out ageing treatment, aging temp is 275 ℃, and aging time is 19h, obtains aluminium alloy.
The aluminium alloy of preparation is according to the method described above carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Comparative example 1
Choose the standard aluminium ingot of 99.7% purity, its impurity silica removal, iron, the outer content of copper are no more than 0.02wt%; Described aluminium ingot is put into molten aluminium stove and melt, add the zirconium of 0.15wt%, the iron of the copper of 0.25wt%, 0.70wt% and the yttrium of 0.25wt%, alloying temperature is 750 ℃; Through homogenizing stirring, refining degasification, slag making, slagging-off, aluminum alloy melt refining temperature is 725 ℃, and with solid insulating covering agent aluminium coating aluminium alloy surface, standing 60min, carries out stokehold chemical composition analysis, and monitoring, adjustment are with control element content; Aluminium liquid is carried out to continuous casting, obtain aluminium alloy cast bar; Aluminium alloy cast bar is rolled into aluminium alloy rod, and it is 500 ℃ that aluminium alloy cast bar enters to roll temperature, and the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod is 250 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod is carried out to bracing wire processing, and pull wire speed is 20 meter per seconds, repeatedly, after bracing wire, is drawn into required high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy circle line; Described aluminum alloy round line is carried out to modified thermal treatment, and temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 120min, and the aluminum alloy round line after thermal treatment is cooling, obtains heat-resisting aluminium alloy circle line.The aluminum alloy round line of preparation is carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Comparative example 2
Select eight tons of aluminium ingots, its foreign matter content (except silicon, iron, copper) is no more than 0.02wt%, put into circular aluminum melting furnace fusing, add the zirconium of 0.10wt% simultaneously, the iron of the copper of 0.02wt%, 0.35wt%, the rare earth of the silicon of 0.20wt% and 0.35wt%, alloying temperature is 730 ℃; Through homogenizing stirring, refining degasification, slag making, slagging-off, aluminum alloy melt refining temperature is 725 ℃, and with solid insulating covering agent aluminium coating aluminium alloy surface, standing 40min, carries out stokehold chemical composition analysis, and monitoring, adjustment are with control element content; Aluminium liquid is carried out to continuous casting, obtain aluminium alloy cast bar; Aluminium alloy cast bar is rolled into aluminium alloy rod, and it is 500 ℃ that aluminium alloy cast bar enters to roll temperature, and the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod is 250 ℃; Aluminium alloy rod is carried out to bracing wire processing, and pull wire speed is 10 meter per seconds, repeatedly, after bracing wire, is drawn into required high-strength heat-resisting aluminum-alloy circle line; Described aluminum alloy round line is carried out to modified thermal treatment, and temperature is 200 ℃, and the time is 200min, and the aluminum alloy round line after thermal treatment is cooling, obtains heat-resisting aluminium alloy circle line.The aluminum alloy round line of preparation is carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
Comparative example 3
In shaft furnace, add purity to be greater than the aluminium ingot of 99.70wt%, be warming up to 750 ℃, make aluminium ingot fusing, temperature is increased to 750 ℃, add successively the Fe of 0.86wt%, the Mg of the Cu of 0.11wt%, 0.15wt%, the Ca of the Zr of 0.13wt%, 0.29wt%, the Y of the Sc of 0.13wt%, 0.33wt%, the Er of 0.23wt%, it is dissolved completely, and regulate alloying constituent to setting range, alloying element is all that the form with aluminium intermediate alloy adds; At 760 ℃ of insulation 30min, then add the refining agent of 0.15wt%, remove the gred, degasification, and then be cast into aluminum alloy casting; Aluminum alloy casting is imported to milling train, and the temperature that imports milling train is 450 ℃, and it is 300 ℃ that importing milling train becomes the finishing temperature of aluminium alloy rod; Aluminium alloy rod is carried out to the cold drawn aluminum alloy line that is processed into 3.0mm, by 7, be drawn into aluminum alloy line and carry out strandedly, be prepared into conductor thread core; Described aluminium alloy conductor is carried out to anneal, and annealing temperature is 370 ℃, and the time is 12h, stop body of heater heating, then annealing furnace is Sino-Japan so cooling, after 24h, from stove, takes out, and obtains aluminium alloy conductor.The aluminium alloy conductor of preparation is carried out to performance test, and result is referring to table 2.
The component list of aluminium alloy prepared by table 1 embodiment (wt%)
The component list of aluminium alloy prepared by table 1 embodiment (continued) (wt%)
The component list of aluminium alloy prepared by table 1 embodiment (continued) (wt%)
The component list of aluminium alloy prepared by table 1 embodiment (continued) (wt%)
The performance test data table of aluminium alloy prepared by table 2 embodiment and comparative example
The performance test data table (continued) of aluminium alloy prepared by table 2 embodiment and comparative example
By relatively can finding out of table 2, aluminum alloy materials of the present invention has obvious advantage from over-all properties, particularly long-time running heat resisting temperature can reach 237 ℃, and after heat-resisting test run(s), intensity survival rate can reach 92%, 90 degree repeatedly bend number of times and reach 37 times, minimum bending radius is greater than 4.5 times of outside diameters of cable, and 400h anti-corrosion test mass loss is less than 0.8g/m
2hr, monofilament minimum machining diameter is greater than 0.1mm.
The explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Above-mentioned explanation to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field can realize or use the present invention.To the multiple modification of these embodiment, will be apparent for those skilled in the art, General Principle as defined herein can, in the situation that not departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (10)
1. an Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, comprising:
The Fe of 0.01～1.6wt%; The Cu of 0.001～0.3wt%; The Mg of 0.001～0.3wt%; The Co of 0.001～0.3wt%; The Be of 0.001～0.2wt%; The Ca of 0.001～0.3wt%; The Zn of 0.001～0.2wt%; The Sr of 0.001～0.3wt%; The Zr of 0.001～0.3wt%; The Li of 0.002～0.25wt%; The Na of 0.001～0.2wt%; The K of 0.002～0.25wt%; The Ti of 0.001～0.2wt%; The V of 0.001～0.15wt%; The Cr of 0.001～0.12wt%; The Mn of 0.001～0.12wt%; The Ni of 0.001～0.15wt%; The Ga of 0.001～0.2wt%; The Ge of 0.003～0.2wt%; The Rb of 0.001～0.2wt%; The Nb of 0.001～0.15wt%; The Mo of 0.001～0.2wt%; The Tc of 0.001～0.25wt%; The Ru of 0.001～0.15wt%; The Rh of 0.002～0.1wt%; The Pd of 0.001～0.12wt%; The Ag of 0.001～0.1wt%; The Cd of 0.002～0.13wt%; The In of 0.003～0.18wt%; The Sn of 0.001～0.08wt%; The Sb of 0.001～0.3wt%; The RE of 0.01～3.0wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%; Be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt%; The aluminium of surplus.
2. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the Fe of 0.25～0.6wt%.
3. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the RE of 0.1～0.6wt%.
4. aluminium alloy according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the Sb that comprises 0.005～0.25wt%.
5. a preparation method for Al-Fe-Sb-RE aluminium alloy, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A) cast the Fe of the aluminium alloy cast ingot of following composition: 0.01～1.6wt%, the Cu of 0.001～0.3wt%, the Mg of 0.001～0.3wt%, the Co of 0.001～0.3wt%, the Be of 0.001～0.2wt%, the Ca of 0.001～0.3wt%, the Zn of 0.001～0.2wt%, the Sr of 0.001～0.3wt%, the Zr of 0.001～0.3wt%, the Li of 0.002～0.25wt%, the Na of 0.001～0.2wt%, the K of 0.002～0.25wt%, the Ti of 0.001～0.2wt%, the V of 0.001～0.15wt%, the Cr of 0.001～0.12wt%, the Mn of 0.001～0.12wt%, the Ni of 0.001～0.15wt%, the Ga of 0.001～0.2wt%, the Ge of 0.003～0.2wt%, the Rb of 0.001～0.2wt%, the Nb of 0.001～0.15wt%, the Rh of 0.002～0.1wt%, the Mo of 0.001～0.2wt%, the Tc of 0.001～0.25wt%, the Ru of 0.001～0.15wt%, the Pd of 0.001～0.12wt%, the Ag of 0.001～0.1wt%, the Cd of 0.002～0.13wt%, the In of 0.003～0.18wt%, the Sn of 0.001～0.08wt%, the Sb of 0.001～0.3wt%, the RE of 0.01～3.0wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Si of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the B of 0.8wt% and the aluminium of surplus,
B) described aluminium alloy cast ingot is carried out to homogenizing processing, the aluminium alloy cast ingot after homogenizing is processed is rolled, and obtains aluminium alloy pole stock;
C) by step b) the aluminium alloy pole stock that obtains carries out intermittent type anneal;
D) by step c) the aluminium alloy pole stock that obtains carries out ageing treatment, obtains aluminium alloy.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature that described homogenizing is processed is 450～550 ℃, and the time that described homogenizing is processed is 6～16h, and the heat-up rate that described homogenizing is processed is 3～8 ℃/min.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described step c) be specially:
By step b) the aluminium alloy pole stock that obtains is heated to 280～350 ℃, after insulation 2～8h, lowers the temperature, and temperature is down to 150～200 ℃, cooling after insulation 2～4h.
8. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described ageing treatment is to carry out in 5～15kV/cm uniform electric field in strength of electric field.
9. preparation method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the temperature of described ageing treatment is 250～320 ℃, and the time of described ageing treatment is 4～20h.
10. a power cable, comprises core, insulation layer, screen layer and protective layer, it is characterized in that, described core is aluminium alloy or the prepared aluminium alloy of claim 5～9 any one described in claim 1～4 any one.
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