CN102977969A - Upgrading method of brown coals - Google Patents
Upgrading method of brown coals Download PDFInfo
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- CN102977969A CN102977969A CN2012104923755A CN201210492375A CN102977969A CN 102977969 A CN102977969 A CN 102977969A CN 2012104923755 A CN2012104923755 A CN 2012104923755A CN 201210492375 A CN201210492375 A CN 201210492375A CN 102977969 A CN102977969 A CN 102977969A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an upgrading method of brown coals. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) primary processing: carrying out grading, screening, compacting and molding and vacuum water sucking on brown coals, and adding curing materials to form brown coal pellets; (2) high-temperature combustion conversion: adding the brown coal pellets into a converting cabin of a high-temperature furnace, wherein the converting cabin consists of a preheating cabin, a lower-temperature cabin, a intermediate-temperature cabin, a high-temperature cabin and a homogenizing cabin which are sequentially connected and is located in a rotary state after the brown coal pellets enter the converting cabin; (3) afterburning and carbonization: adding the brown coals processed in the step (2) into a converting kettle, and further carrying out temperature rising and carbonization on the brown coals in the converting kettle; and (4) molding and curing: adding curing agents to press the brown coals into products. According to the upgrading method of the brown coals, the ideal converting effects of different carbon compounds of the brown coals at different temperatures and reaction times are achieved, the brown coals are completely converted, various beneficial indexes are promoted, and the use values of the brown coals are effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The brown coal that the present invention discloses a kind of method for upgrading of brown coal and adopts described method upgrading to obtain.
Background technology
Global brown coal geologic reserve is about 4,000,000,000,000 T, account for about 40% of global coal geological exploration reserves, existing brown coal retained reserve 1,300 hundred million T that verify of China, account for about 13% of national coal total reserves, reserves are huge, and depth of burial is shallow, minable coal seam is thick, mostly suitable strip mining transformation, production safety, cost of winning is low.But its calorific value is low, and generally between 2700-3600Kcal/kg, moisture is high, and total water is about 40%, and run-of-mine coal (ROM coal) is soft, and porosity is large, and easily cracked, specific surface area is large, and easy-weathering, oxidation, burning-point are low, and the ignition phase is shorter, the outward transport difficulty.
Water in the brown coal has three classes, i.e. free water, inherent water and crystal water.When brown coal were heated to more than 100 ℃, most free water can be evaporated.When brown coal continued to be heated to more than 150 ℃ under normal pressure, the inherent water of brown coal began to be removed, and hydroxy functional group decomposes, and separates out carbon dioxide, simultaneously the inherent water of brown coal is got rid of.Further improve temperature, will cause increasing hydroxy functional group to decompose, thereby the surface properties that causes brown coal changes.Crystal water is and the water of ash content coexistence, could decomposes under higher temperature.
At present, domestic brown coal upgrading, area of concentration since brown coal in 2005, the various places, the Inner Mongol of China adopt the way of drying cylinder oven dry that brown coal are carried out simple upgrading successively, moisture is from oven dry about 40% to about 15%, this method has certain effect to the reduction of water content, but fundamentally brown coal is not played the meaning of upgrading and change chemical composition content.The technique of taking high-temp combustion reaction charing is also arranged, but technical process is a kind of technique that the ancient principle of making charcoal is transformed, can't scale operation and waste the resource pollution environment.Indivedual shaft kiln classification static state high-temperatures that adopt are fired, and the result is that charing is uneven, and ashing is serious, reduces the result of carbonaceous.
Therefore, existing brown coal method for upgrading part can solve the conversion of carbonaceous compound, and can not industrializedly produce, and efficient is low, pollutes greatly, and processing power is restricted.The part technology has solely solved the high problem of water content of brown coal, fails to solve the compound transition problem of brown coal, can't improve fixed carbon.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part and provide a kind of and can the carbonaceous of brown coal fully be transformed, the loss of combustion reactions process is less, the brown coal method for upgrading of Effective Raise brown coal utilization ratio.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of brown coal method for upgrading may further comprise the steps:
(1) preliminary working: with brown coal classification, screening, then close molded, vacuum dehydration adds solidify material and forms the brown coal pelletizing in brown coal according to different degrees of coalification;
(2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing in the step (1) is added High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin that connects successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin form, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, after described brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms the storehouse, transform the storehouse and be in rotary state, after described brown coal pelletizing transforms through the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus high-temp combustion, discharge from the homogenizing bin that transforms the storehouse, get the brown coal work in-process;
(3) aftercombustion and charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot, not clean-burning brown coal are further intensification burning conversion in transformation pot, after transforming fully, stop the brown coal heating, then with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing; Perhaps, the brown coal after step (2) processed join in the transformation pot, with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal reduce charing under oxygen debt state;
(4) forming and hardening: the brown coal interpolation solidifying agent that step (3) is obtained is pressed into product.
Brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, preliminary working in the step (1) obtains different other brown coal of degree of coalification level with brown coal by screening, classification, then through overstocked molded, the mode of vacuum dehydration is carried out preliminary working to brown coal, removes the part moisture impurity in the brown coal.In brown coal, add at last solidify material and form the brown coal pelletizing, so that brown coal proof strength when entering into the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus burning conversion is transported burning equably in each storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, prevent that cracking from reducing the generation of coal dust.
Enter step (2) the high-temp combustion transformation stage through the brown coal pelletizing that obtains after the preliminary working, the brown coal pelletizing enters the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, brown coal enter into the conversion storehouse from the opening for feed of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is comprised of the pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and the homogenizing bin that connect successively, enter pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin that the brown coal pelletizing that transforms in the storehouse enters described conversion storehouse successively, described brown coal pelletizing transforms the storehouse and is in rotary state after entering and transforming in the storehouse.Process the rotation filling owing to transform the storehouse, the brown coal pelletizing of entering wherein will rotate with transforming the storehouse, the rotation that transforms the storehouse not only helps the brown coal pelletizing to enter into successively pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and the homogenizing bin in described conversion storehouse, more importantly, the rotation that transforms the storehouse can so that the brown coal pelletizing is more even in the high-temp combustion conversion process that transforms the storehouse, improve the conversion quality of brown coal.The temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, and the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, enters into the brown coal pelletizing that transforms the storehouse, by the gas that flows through from the high temperature storehouse, obtain oven dry in temperature is 200 ℃ pre-heating cabin, removes 20% moisture in pre-heating cabin, the temperature of brown coal can be heated to more than 150 ℃ simultaneously.Entering subsequently temperature through the brown coal behind the pre-heating cabin is 500 ℃ low temperature bin, the brown coal temperature that enters into low temperature bin can rise to 350 to 500 ℃, this moment, brown coal took fire, and part of compounds resolves into inflammable gas and participates in burning, and part of compounds resolves into water vapour discharges.It is 900 ℃ Zhong Wencang that brown coal after discharging from low temperature bin enter into temperature, and at middle Wen Cangzhong, the brown coal pelletizing begins comprehensive burning, and the carbon in the compound, hydrogen, oxygen element decompose comprehensively.Therefrom to enter into temperature be 1250 ℃ high temperature storehouse to the warm storehouse brown coal of discharging, in the high temperature storehouse, and the carbon comprehensive transformation in the compound of brown coal, part CO participates in the common burning of coal is promoted temperature in short-term.Last brown coal enter into homogenizing bin, slightly descended than high temperature storehouse by the temperature that affects homogenizing bin of blast inlet freezing air, and brown coal keep high temperature homogenizing reaction in for some time behind the burning conversion in homogenizing bin, discharge from homogenizing bin at last, get the brown coal work in-process.
The brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained carry out step (3) aftercombustion and charing processing, join in the transformation pot through the brown coal work in-process that obtain after step (2) processing, when described brown coal work in-process have unburn sufficient, in transformation pot, the brown coal work in-process are continued to be heated to 1150 ℃, make the brown coal conversion that in transformation pot, burns away, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to the brown coal pelletizing, then with transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.In step (2) gained brown coal work in-process, there is not unburn sufficient, need not that then the brown coal work in-process are continued heating flame transforms, after the brown coal work in-process that step (2) can be obtained add transformation pot, directly with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.At last, will add solidifying agent according to purposes through the brown coal of step (3) aftercombustion and charing and be pressed into difform product.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the solidify material in the described step (1) is starch and sugared slag charge.Described solidify material adopts starch and sugared slag charge, form the brown coal pelletizing after in brown coal, adding starch and sugared slag charge, effectively guaranteed the intensity when brown coal enter the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus burning conversion, made it in each storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, transport burning equably, prevented that cracking from reducing the generation of coal dust.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is inclined upwardly 6-12 ° along horizontal plane in the described step (2), and described conversion storehouse is followed successively by homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin from the bottom to top.Described conversion storehouse is designed to be inclined upwardly 6-12 ° along horizontal plane, described conversion storehouse is followed successively by homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin from the bottom to top, brown coal at first enter top pre-heating cabin, because whole conversion storehouse is tilted to design, so that brown coal can enter into low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin from pre-heating cabin successively by the gravity of self, not only convenient, and rational and efficient use resource.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, after the brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms the storehouse in the described step (2), transform the storehouse with 0.5-15 rev/min rotational speed.Transform the storehouse in the process of rotating, the brown coal pelletizing rotates with transforming the storehouse in transforming the storehouse, so that the burning conversion of brown coal pelletizing in transforming the storehouse carries out in the process of constantly rotating, has guaranteed the homogeneity of brown coal pelletizing burning conversion.In addition, be designed to be inclined upwardly 6-12 ° the time along horizontal plane when transforming the storehouse, the rotation that transforms the storehouse helps the brown coal pelletizing to enter into successively low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin from pre-heating cabin, and the rotating speed size that transforms the storehouse directly affects the residence time of brown coal pelletizing in each storehouse.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the Length Ratio of homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin is 3:4:5:5:6:8 in the described step (2).The length in each storehouse has directly affected the brown coal burning conversion time therein, and when the length ratio in each storehouse was 3:4:5:5:6:8, the burning conversion of brown coal was more complete.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in the described step (2) also comprises with the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse and being connected, is used for reclaiming the brown coal volatile matter at the benzene extraction recovery bin of high-temp combustion process evaporation, decomposition benzene extraction compound out.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in the described step (2) also comprises the smoke evacuation chimney that is connected, is used for the waste gas of discharging brown coal burning conversion process with described benzene extraction recovery bin.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the interchanger that the transformation pot in the described step (3) comprises kettle, is located at the heat-generating pipe of described kettle bottom and is located at described heat-generating pipe top, the top of described kettle is provided with the brown coal import.The brown coal work in-process that step (2) obtains enter into transformation pot from the brown coal import of described transformation pot kettle top, in the brown coal work in-process that step (2) obtains, there is the part unburn sufficient, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot continue heating under the effect of kettle bottom heat-generating pipe, make the brown coal work in-process be warming up to 1150 ℃, conversion burns away, after complete to burning conversion, stop the half-finished heating of brown coal in the transformation pot, then cover the brown coal import, with transformation pot sealing, make brown coal work in-process in the transformation pot under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.In the brown coal work in-process that step (2) obtains, there is not unburn sufficient, then need not continue heating to the brown coal work in-process with the heating tube in the kettle, the brown coal work in-process join in the transformation pot, directly with on the brown coal access cover, with transformation pot sealing, make the brown coal work in-process under oxygen debt state, reduce charing and get final product.In the oxygen debt reduction carbonization process of described brown coal work in-process in transformation pot, equably within a certain period of time cooling under the acting in conjunction of the interchanger that the brown coal in the transformation pot arrange in kettle and kettle, arrive temperature constant state, in this process, because transformation pot sealing, brown coal are in oxygen debt state, and this process of cooling off has gradually namely been finished the oxygen debt reduction charing of brown coal.
In the practice, the gas that transforms the homogenizing bin outlet in storehouse by High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in the detecting step (2) judges whether process the brown coal work in-process that obtain through step (2) exists the sufficient part of unburn, when containing the gas such as gas, carbon monoxide, semi-water gas in the gas that detects homogenizing bin outlet, then pass through step (2) and process in the brown coal work in-process obtain and have the sufficient situation of part unburn, the brown coal work in-process that then enter into transformation pot need heat-generating pipe that it is continued the intensification burning conversion.Otherwise, when not containing these gases in the gas of homogenizing bin outlet, then pass through step (2) and process abundant burning conversion of the brown coal work in-process obtain, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot just need not with heat-generating pipe it to be continued the intensification burning conversion again, directly oxygen debt reduction are carried out in the transformation pot sealing and are got final product.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the brown coal water content that classification in the described step (1), screening obtain is 55%, and volatile matter is greater than 50%, and thermal value is the 12-21 kilocalorie.In the method for the invention, the water content of the raw material brown coal of employing is 55%, and volatile matter is greater than 50%, and thermal value is the 12-21 kilocalorie, is the brown coal of South-West Yunnan.
As the preferred implementation of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, the water content of the brown coal pelletizing that preliminary working obtains through step (1) is 30%.
A kind of employing is the brown coal that obtain of method upgrading as mentioned above, and the water content of described brown coal is 1-5%, and fixed carbon content is 65-80%, and volatile content is 10-20%, and thermal value is the 5000-7000 kilocalorie.The brown coal water content that adopts as mentioned above method upgrading to obtain is low, thermal value is large, and the alternative charcoal of products obtained therefrom enters every field, and products obtained therefrom is more of fine quality than hard coal.
The method of the invention is with the processing treatment of brown coal through four steps, the carbonaceous compounds that brown coal are different reach desirable changing effect in differing temps and reaction times, carbonaceous in the lignification compound can be transformed all sidedly, the physical properties of brown coal and chemical property obtain changing, stable chemical nature, various useful indexs promote, Effective Raise the utility value of brown coal.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schema of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the used High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus shown in Figure 2 along the be inclined upwardly structural representation of certain angle of horizontal plane.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the used transformation pot of brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention better are described, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of brown coal method for upgrading as shown in Figure 1, may further comprise the steps: (1) preliminary working: with brown coal classification, screening, then close molded, vacuum dehydration adds solidify material and forms the brown coal pelletizing in brown coal according to different degrees of coalification; (2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing in the step (1) is added High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin that connects successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin form, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, after described brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms the storehouse, transform the storehouse and be in rotary state, after described brown coal pelletizing transforms through the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus high-temp combustion, discharge from the homogenizing bin that transforms the storehouse, get the brown coal work in-process; (3) aftercombustion and charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot, not clean-burning brown coal are further intensification burning conversion in transformation pot, after transforming fully, stop the brown coal heating, then with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing; Perhaps, the brown coal after step (2) processed join in the transformation pot, with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal reduce charing under oxygen debt state; (4) forming and hardening: the brown coal interpolation solidifying agent that step (3) is obtained is pressed into product.
Preliminary working in the step (1) obtains different other brown coal of degree of coalification level with brown coal by screening, classification, and then through overstocked molded, the mode of vacuum dehydration is carried out preliminary working to brown coal, removes the part moisture impurity in the brown coal.In brown coal, add at last solidify material and form the brown coal pelletizing, so that brown coal proof strength when entering into the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus burning conversion is transported burning equably in each storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, prevent that cracking from reducing the generation of coal dust.Preferably, described solidify material adopts starch and sugared slag charge.In concrete embodiment, raw material brown coal of the present invention are the brown coal of South-West Yunnan, and water content is more than 55%, and volatilization is divided into more than 50%, and thermal value is the 12-21 kilocalorie, and the water content of the brown coal pelletizing that obtains after the preliminary working of process step (1) is 30%.
Enter step (2) the high-temp combustion transformation stage through the brown coal pelletizing that obtains after the preliminary working, the brown coal pelletizing enters the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, brown coal enter into the conversion storehouse from the opening for feed of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is comprised of the pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and the homogenizing bin that connect successively, enter pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin that the brown coal pelletizing that transforms in the storehouse enters described conversion storehouse successively, described brown coal pelletizing transforms the storehouse and is in rotary state after entering and transforming in the storehouse.Process the rotation filling owing to transform the storehouse, the brown coal pelletizing of entering wherein will rotate with transforming the storehouse, the rotation that transforms the storehouse not only helps the brown coal pelletizing to enter into successively pre-heating cabin, low temperature bin, Zhong Wencang, high temperature storehouse and the homogenizing bin in described conversion storehouse, more importantly, the rotation that transforms the storehouse can so that the brown coal pelletizing is more even in the high-temp combustion conversion process that transforms the storehouse, improve the conversion quality of brown coal.The temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, and the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, enters into the brown coal pelletizing that transforms the storehouse, by the gas that flows through from the high temperature storehouse, obtain oven dry in temperature is 200 ℃ pre-heating cabin, removes 20% moisture in pre-heating cabin, the temperature of brown coal can be heated to more than 150 ℃ simultaneously.Entering subsequently temperature through the brown coal behind the pre-heating cabin is 500 ℃ low temperature bin, the brown coal temperature that enters into low temperature bin can rise to 350 to 500 ℃, this moment, brown coal took fire, and part of compounds resolves into inflammable gas and participates in burning, and part of compounds resolves into water vapour discharges.It is 900 ℃ Zhong Wencang that brown coal after discharging from low temperature bin enter into temperature, and at middle Wen Cangzhong, the brown coal pelletizing begins comprehensive burning, and the carbon in the compound, hydrogen, oxygen element decompose comprehensively.Therefrom to enter into temperature be 1250 ℃ high temperature storehouse to the warm storehouse brown coal of discharging, in the high temperature storehouse, and the carbon comprehensive transformation in the compound of brown coal, part CO participates in the common burning of coal is promoted temperature in short-term.Last brown coal enter into homogenizing bin, slightly descended than high temperature storehouse by the temperature that affects homogenizing bin of blast inlet freezing air, and brown coal keep high temperature homogenizing reaction in for some time behind the burning conversion in homogenizing bin, discharge from homogenizing bin at last, get the brown coal work in-process.
The brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained carry out step (3) aftercombustion and charing processing, join in the transformation pot through the brown coal work in-process that obtain after step (2) processing, when described brown coal work in-process have unburn sufficient, in transformation pot, the brown coal work in-process are continued to be heated to 1150 ℃, make the brown coal conversion that in transformation pot, burns away, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to the brown coal pelletizing, then with transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.In step (2) gained brown coal work in-process, there is not unburn sufficient, need not that then the brown coal work in-process are continued heating flame transforms, after the brown coal work in-process that step (2) can be obtained add transformation pot, directly with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.At last, will add solidifying agent according to purposes through the brown coal of step (3) aftercombustion charing and be pressed into difform product.
The structural representation of a kind of embodiment of used High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus as shown in Figure 2 in the described step (2), described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus comprises the pre-heating cabin 22 that connects by successively, low temperature bin 24, middle temperature storehouse 25, the conversion storehouse 20 that high temperature storehouse 26 and homogenizing bin 28 form, described pre-heating cabin 22 is connected with opening for feed 10, described homogenizing bin 28 is connected with discharge port 30, brown coal enter into pre-heating cabin 22 by described opening for feed 10, be subject to the gas effect flow through from high temperature storehouse 26, brown coal obtain oven dry in pre-heating cabin 22, can remove 20% moisture in pre-heating cabin 22, the temperature of brown coal can be heated to more than 150 ℃ simultaneously.Because whole conversion storehouse 20 is inclined upwardly 6-12 ° along horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 3, transform storehouse 20 and be followed successively by from the bottom to top homogenizing bin 28, high temperature storehouse 26, middle temperature storehouse 25, low temperature bin 24 and pre-heating cabin 22, therefore, enter into the brown coal of pre-heating cabin 22 gradually from pre-heating cabin 22 downward landings, brown coal successively landing enter low temperature bin 24, middle temperature storehouse 25, high temperature storehouse 26 and homogenizing bin 28, finish above-mentioned high-temp combustion conversion process.
Preferably, the Length Ratio of the homogenizing bin 28 of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, high temperature storehouse 26, middle temperature storehouse 25, low temperature bin 24 and pre-heating cabin 22 is 3:4:5:5:6:8.In concrete embodiment, can be 15m with the Design of length of homogenizing bin 28, the Design of length in high temperature storehouse 26 is 20m, and the Design of length in middle temperature storehouse 25 is 25m, and the Design of length of low temperature bin 24 is 25m, and the Design of length of pre-heating cabin 22 is 30m.
Preferably, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus also is provided with benzene extraction recovery bin 40, and described benzene extraction recovery bin 40 can be with brown coal volatile matter evaporation, decomposition benzene extraction compound out in the high-temp combustion process, reclaim by effect runics such as dedusting, absorptions, increase benefit.The length of described benzene extraction recovery bin 40 can be according to length and the needs design of homogenizing bin 28, high temperature storehouse 26, middle temperature storehouse 25, low temperature bin 24 and pre-heating cabin 22, in concrete embodiment, when the Design of length of homogenizing bin 28 is that the Design of length in 15m, high temperature storehouse 26 is that the Design of length in 20m, middle temperature storehouse 25 is that the Design of length of 25m, low temperature bin 24 is the Design of length of 25m, pre-heating cabin 22 when being 30m, the length of benzene extraction recovery bin 40 can be designed to 40m.
Preferably, described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus also is provided with smoke evacuation chimney 50, and described smoke evacuation chimney 50 can be used for discharging the waste gas in the brown coal burning conversion process, can be used for simultaneously exhausting.The height of described smoke evacuation chimney 50 can design as required, and in concrete embodiment, the height of described smoke evacuation chimney 50 can be designed to 50m.
Preferably, after the brown coal pelletizing entered and transforms storehouse 20, the conversion storehouse 20 of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus was with 0.5-15 rev/min rotational speed.When rotated in the conversion storehouse 20 of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, brown coal entered into the process that storehouse 20 high-temp combustions transform that transforms, and brown coal rotate with transforming storehouse 20, can make the high-temp combustion of brown coal transform more uniform and complete.Simultaneously, the conversion storehouse 20 of rotation also to brown coal the conversion in transforming 20 each storehouses, storehouse play the conveying effect, the rotating speed size that transforms storehouse 20 directly affects the residence time of brown coal in the pre-heating cabin 22, low temperature bin 24, middle temperature storehouse 25, high temperature storehouse 26 and the homogenizing bin 28 that transform storehouse 20, be the high-temp combustion transformation times of brown coal in transforming storehouse 20, can select as required to transform the rotating speed in storehouse 20, preferably, the rotating speed in described conversion storehouse 20 is 0.5-15 rev/min.In the practice, the rotation that described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus can connect promising conversion storehouse 20 provides the rotating mechanism (not shown in FIG.) of power, and described rotating mechanism is equipped with variator (not shown in FIG.), by the size of control transmission control rotating speed, convenience and high-efficiency.
Temperature in the described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is higher, so the materials such as available high alumina refractory, mullite build up in the stove.Can adopt refractory materials design forming screw thread assembling structure in the stove of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, more help the high-temp combustion of brown coal in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus to transform.
After brown coal enter into pre-heating cabin 22 from the opening for feed 10 of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, according to the temperature parameter in each storehouse, inlet amount and the air flow quantity of adaptive adjustment opening for feed 10 place's brown coal.Brown coal are moved to homogenizing bin 28 directions by pre-heating cabin 22, high-temperature gas is moved to pre-heating cabin 22 directions by homogenizing bin 28, the brown coal raw material is 28 processes that move from pre-heating cabin 22 to homogenizing bin, one rood plays the series function effect of transpiring moisture, combustion decomposition, fixed carbon reduction to heating, burning.The burning conversion time of brown coal in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is by the rotating speed control of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus.
The structural representation of a kind of embodiment of used transformation pot as shown in Figure 4 in the described step (3), described transformation pot comprises kettle 60, is located at the heat-generating pipe 80 of described kettle 60 bottoms and the interchanger 90 of being located at described heat-generating pipe 80 tops, and the top of described kettle 60 is provided with brown coal import 70.The brown coal import 70 of the brown coal work in-process that obtain behind the burning conversion in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus above transformation pot enters into transformation pot, when described brown coal work in-process have unburn sufficient, 80 pairs of brown coal work in-process of heat-generating pipe by kettle 60 bottoms in transformation pot continue to be heated to 1150 ℃, make the brown coal conversion that in transformation pot, burns away, until perfect combustion transforms, stop the heating to the brown coal pelletizing, transform so that the brown coal work in-process obtain aftercombustion in transformation pot, guarantee to transform quality; Then with transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.In step (2) gained brown coal work in-process, there is not unburn sufficient, need not that then the brown coal work in-process are continued heating flame transforms, after the brown coal work in-process that step (2) can be obtained add transformation pot, directly with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing.Generally speaking, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot are directly still owed hydrogen reduction at oxygen debt state and get final product, when only being found part brown coal work in-process and not obtaining comprehensive combustion reactions, just by heat-generating pipe 80 it are continued intensification in transformation pot and remedy conversion.In the oxygen debt reduction carbonization process of described brown coal work in-process in transformation pot, equably within a certain period of time cooling under the acting in conjunction of the interchanger 90 that the brown coal in the transformation pot arrange in kettle 60 and kettle 60, arrive temperature constant state, in this process, because transformation pot sealing, brown coal are in oxygen debt state, and this process of cooling off has gradually namely been finished the oxygen debt reduction charing of brown coal, then enters into next forming and hardening operation.
In concrete embodiment, the gas that transforms the homogenizing bin outlet in storehouse by High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in the detecting step (2) judges whether process the brown coal work in-process that obtain through step (2) exists the sufficient part of unburn, when containing the gas such as gas, carbon monoxide, semi-water gas in the gas that detects homogenizing bin outlet, then pass through step (2) and process in the brown coal work in-process obtain and have the sufficient situation of part unburn, the brown coal work in-process that then enter into transformation pot need heat-generating pipe that it is continued the intensification burning conversion.Otherwise, when not containing these gases in the gas of homogenizing bin outlet, then pass through step (2) and process abundant burning conversion of the brown coal work in-process obtain, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot just need not with heat-generating pipe it to be continued the intensification burning conversion again, directly oxygen debt reduction are carried out in the transformation pot sealing and are got final product.
The forming and hardening of described step (4) be with the brown coal behind the burning carbonate according to different purposes, add different solidifying agent and be pressed into difform product.Described solidifying agent can adopt starch, Icing Sugar etc.
Embodiment 1
Brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention and existing methodical contrast
The brown coal raw material: adopt the brown coal of South-West Yunnan, its moisture is 55%, and volatilization is divided into 50%, and thermal value is the 12-21 kilocalorie.Invention group and comparative group all adopt this kind brown coal raw material.
The invention group adopts brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) with close molded, the vacuum dehydration of brown coal, then in brown coal, add starch and sugared slag charge as solidify material formation brown coal pelletizing, the water content of gained brown coal pelletizing is 30%;
(2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing that obtains in the step (1) is added High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, the structure of described High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus as shown in Figures 2 and 3, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin that connects successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin form, described conversion storehouse is inclined upwardly 6-12 ° along horizontal plane, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, in whole process, transform the storehouse with 0.5-15 rev/min rotational speed.In the conversion storehouse of used High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, the length of homogenizing bin is 15m, the length in high temperature storehouse is 20m, the length of middle temperature storehouse and low temperature bin is 25m, the length of pre-heating cabin is 30m, and the length of benzene extraction recovery bin is 40m, and the height of smoke evacuation chimney is 50m, the diameter of described homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin is identical, is 1.3-4.7m.Brown coal in transforming the storehouse behind the burning conversion discharge port from High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus take out, namely get the brown coal work in-process;
(3) aftercombustion charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join the transformation pot from the brown coal import of transformation pot, the structure of described transformation pot as shown in Figure 4, with the heat-generating pipe heating power, the brown coal work in-process that enter into transformation pot are continued intensification be heated to 1150 ℃, make the conversion that burns away of brown coal work in-process, after complete to burning conversion, cut off the power supply of heat-generating pipe, stop the half-finished heating of brown coal in the transformation pot, then cover the brown coal import, with the transformation pot sealing, equably within a certain period of time cooling arrives temperature constant state under the acting in conjunction of the interchanger that the brown coal in the transformation pot arrange in kettle and kettle, in this process, because the transformation pot sealing, brown coal are in oxygen debt state, and this process of cooling off has gradually namely been finished the oxygen debt reduction charing of brown coal;
(4) brown coal that reach temperature constant state in the transformation pot in the step (3) are taken out, then add different solidifying agent according to different purposes, be pressed into difform product.At last, detect water content, fixed carbon, volatile content and the thermal value of described product.
Comparative group adopts shaft kiln classification static state high-temperature of the prior art to fire, and carries out combustion reactions in the mode of fixed mode (shaft kiln), and in the process of combustion reactions, shaft kiln does not rotate.Same water content, fixed carbon, volatile content and the thermal value of measuring the comparative group products obtained therefrom, as shown in table 1 with invention group comparing result.
Table 1 water content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, thermal value contrast
| Group | Water content (%) | Fixed carbon (%) | Volatile matter (%) | Thermal value (kilocalorie) |
| The invention group | 1-5% | 65-80 | 10-20 | 5000-7000 |
| Comparative group | 8-15 | 50-60 | 35-40 | 2000-3000 |
As shown in Table 1, the brown coal that adopt brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention upgrading to obtain are compared with the brown coal that the shaft kiln classification static state high-temperature method for cooking that adopts prior art obtains, and water content is significantly lower, and fixed carbon content is significantly higher, volatile matter greatly reduces, and thermal value significantly improves.Therefore, brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention can make the carbonaceous of compound the inside transform all sidedly, and various useful indexs significantly promote, Effective Raise the utility value of brown coal.
Brown coal method for upgrading of the present invention, changed the mode of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus combustion reactions, prior art all is to carry out combustion reactions in the mode of fixed mode (shaft kiln), and stove (rotary kiln) rotating technique that the present invention adopts, and has solved brown coal inhomogeneous technical barrier in the combustion reactions process.In rotary kiln of the present invention, the disposable oven dry of finishing brown coal from the opening for feed to the discharge port of brown coal energy makes the water content of brown coal from significantly dropping to 1-5% more than 55%.Brown coal through the low temperature bin of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus with burning, to comprehensive burning in middle temperature storehouse, the decomposition and inversion of carbonaceous compound, the thorough combustion reactions in high temperature storehouse transforms, and substantially finished brown coal and entered chemical reaction process in the kiln.Making of whole procedures system is converted into fixed carbon in the brown coal volatile matter more than 45%, make volatile matter reduce fixed carbon and improve, and improved calorific value.And the setting of transformation pot can be to further remedying conversion from High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus brown coal work in-process out, brown coal can continue heating flame and transform in transformation pot, can fail to meet the requirements of work in-process to the transforming degree of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus output and further remedy conversion, thereby steady quality and the output of gained brown coal products have been guaranteed, effectively the carbonaceous of brown coal has been carried out sufficient conversion, realized the minimum loss of combustion reactions process, guarantee the utilization ratio of brown coal, realized the condition that large-scale industrialization is produced.
Last institute should be noted that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention has been done detailed description; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not break away from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a brown coal method for upgrading is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) preliminary working: with brown coal classification, screening, then close molded, vacuum dehydration adds solidify material and forms the brown coal pelletizing in brown coal according to different degrees of coalification;
(2) high-temp combustion transforms: the conversion storehouse that the brown coal pelletizing in the step (1) is added High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus, described conversion storehouse is by the pre-heating cabin that connects successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin form, the temperature of described pre-heating cabin is 200 ℃, the temperature of described low temperature bin is 500 ℃, the temperature in described middle temperature storehouse is 900 ℃, the temperature in described high temperature storehouse is 1250 ℃, the temperature of described homogenizing bin is 1150 ℃, described brown coal pelletizing enters the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse successively, low temperature bin, middle temperature storehouse, high temperature storehouse and homogenizing bin, after described brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms in the storehouse, transform the storehouse and be in rotary state, after described brown coal pelletizing transforms through the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus high-temp combustion, discharge from the homogenizing bin that transforms the storehouse, get the brown coal work in-process;
(3) aftercombustion and charing: the brown coal work in-process that step (2) is obtained join transformation pot, not clean-burning brown coal are further intensification burning conversion in transformation pot, after transforming fully, stop the brown coal heating, then with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal under oxygen debt state, reduce charing; Perhaps, the brown coal after step (2) processed join in the transformation pot, with the transformation pot sealing, make brown coal reduce charing under oxygen debt state;
(4) forming and hardening: the brown coal interpolation solidifying agent that step (3) is obtained is pressed into product.
2. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the solidify material in the described step (1) is starch and sugared slag charge.
3. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the conversion storehouse of High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus is inclined upwardly 6-12 ° along horizontal plane in the described step (2), and described conversion storehouse is followed successively by homogenizing bin, high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin from the bottom to top.
4. such as claim 1 or 3 described brown coal method for upgrading, it is characterized in that, after the brown coal pelletizing enters and transforms the storehouse in the described step (2), transform the storehouse with 0.5-15 rev/min rotational speed.
5. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the Length Ratio of the homogenizing bin in the described step (2), high temperature storehouse, Zhong Wencang, low temperature bin and pre-heating cabin is 3:4:5:5:6:8.
6. such as the arbitrary described brown coal method for upgrading of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in the described step (2) also comprises with the pre-heating cabin in described conversion storehouse and being connected, is used for reclaiming the brown coal volatile matter at the benzene extraction recovery bin of high-temp combustion process evaporation, decomposition benzene extraction compound out.
7. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus in the described step (2) also comprises the smoke evacuation chimney that is connected, is used for the waste gas of discharging brown coal burning conversion process with described benzene extraction recovery bin.
8. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the interchanger that the transformation pot in the described step (3) comprises kettle, is located at the heat-generating pipe of described kettle bottom and is located at described heat-generating pipe top, and the top of described kettle is provided with the brown coal import.
9. brown coal method for upgrading as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the water content of the brown coal pelletizing that preliminary working obtains through step (1) is 30%.
10. brown coal that adopt as claimed in claim 1 method upgrading to obtain is characterized in that, the water content of described brown coal is 1-5%, and fixed carbon content is 65-80%, and volatile content is 10-20%, and thermal value is the 5000-7000 kilocalorie.
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