CN102976863B - Water-retention and slow-release fertilizer - Google Patents
Water-retention and slow-release fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102976863B CN102976863B CN201210588309.8A CN201210588309A CN102976863B CN 102976863 B CN102976863 B CN 102976863B CN 201210588309 A CN201210588309 A CN 201210588309A CN 102976863 B CN102976863 B CN 102976863B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and specifically relates to a water-retention and slow-release fertilizer. The water-retention and slow-release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of coated slow-release fertilizer or low-solubility slow-release fertilizer, 15-20 parts of water retention agent, 1-2 parts of biological bacteria, 5-10 parts of humic acid and 5-15 parts of soil conditioner. The prepared water-retention and slow-release fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages of low cost and simplicity and convenience in application, and can adjust the water absorbency of the fertilizer according to different crops, soil, climate and other conditions and be widely applied to grain crops, cash crops, horticultural plants and the like. The water-retention and slow-release fertilizer disclosed by the invention has long effective period, and can greatly reduce the loss of the fertilizer caused by volatilization and eluviation, enable the limited fertilizer and water to be fully absorbed and utilized by the plants, achieve the integration of the water and the fertilizer and improve the soil. Through the application of the water-retention and slow-release fertilizer, the irrigation cost of farmland can be reduced and the high-efficient water conservation purpose can be achieved. The water-retention and slow-release fertilizer disclosed by the invention can greatly improve the utilization rate of nutrients and effectively control the pollution of the crops and an environment caused by the application of the fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, be specifically related to a kind of the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly.
Background technology
Fertilizer is to provide the essential nutritive element of one or more plants, improves soil property, a class material of the level of increasing soil fertility, and is one of basic substance of agriculture production.
Slow release fertilizer claims again slow-release fertilizer, is the class fertilizer new variety that development in recent years is got up, and this class fertilizer can replace the partial function of organic fertilizer, reduces the loss of nutrient in fertilizer, improves fertilizer efficiency, weakens the pollution of fertilizer to soil.Slow release fertilizer mainly comprises coated fertilizer and low solubility fertilizer.Coated fertilizer is in order to improve function or the performance of fertilizer, is coated with one deck has the fertilizer that microporous hydrophobic indissoluble film is made at its particle surface, utilizes coating pore size, and chemistry or biological decomposition are controlled nutrient releasing speed.Low solubility slow release fertilizer can be with plain disk or drum granulating equipment making, and production process cost is low, and fertilizer price is low, but low solubility slow release fertilizer controlled release properties is poor, and how not ideal enough the slow release effect of fertilizer is.
Water-holding agent conventionally mixes and uses with slow release fertilizer, but water-holding agent mixes with slow release fertilizer while using, and easily reduces its swelling ability, and water-absorbing-retaining ability reduces.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly of a kind of water conservation and had good sustained release effect is provided.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly, and it comprises the raw material of following weight part:
Coated slow release fertilizer or low solubility slow release fertilizer 70-80 part
Water-holding agent 15-20 part
Biological bacteria 1-2 part
Humic acids 5-10 part
Soil conditioner 5-15 part.
Wherein, described coated slow release fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium simple substance, binary or ternary resin coated fertilizer, or the nitrogen that contains trace elements iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, magnesium, sulphur, aluminium, phosphorus, potassium simple substance, binary or ternary resin coated fertilizer.
Wherein, described low solubility slow release fertilizer is urea formaldehyde, urea acetaldehyde or urea isobutyric aldehyde.
Wherein, described water-holding agent is the mixing water-holding agent of starch-series water-holding agent and cellulose-based water-holding agent, the advantage that has simultaneously retained starch based and cellulose family water-holding agent, stability is high, water absorbing properties good, and the weight ratio of described starch-series water-holding agent and cellulose-based water-holding agent is 1:2-1:5.
Wherein, described starch water-holding agent is starch-grafted vinyl cyanide or starch graft acrylamide, and described Mierocrystalline cellulose water-holding agent is cellulose graft vinyl cyanide or cellulose graft acrylamide.
Wherein, soil conditioner is biomass char.Biomass char surface has very high surfactivity, can carry nutrient for farm crop, is conducive to keep moisture, can allows a large amount of microorganisms multiply in its surface honeycomb gap, and then improve the fertility in soil, strengthens the output in soil.Why the present invention adopts biomass char, the firstth, because the polynuclear plane of biomass char can keep moisture, play the effect of water-holding agent, the secondth, because the biological bacteria that the polynuclear plane of biomass char can allow the present invention adopt is multiplied in a large number, can improve the fertility in soil, play the effect of soil conditioner, the 3rd is the polynuclear plane due to biomass char, can be in duct after fertilizer is water-soluble sluggish flow, further play the effect of slowly-releasing.In the present invention, the particle diameter of biomass char is controlled to 0.01-0.1cm, the above-mentioned effect of performance is best.
Wherein, soil conditioner is that sewage sludge biomass is burnt.Sewage sludge biomass Jiao, owing to containing the alkaline matters such as calcium, magnesium, can improve acid soil, also can supplement the elements such as the required calcium of crop growth, magnesium simultaneously, plays the effect of soil conditioner.
Wherein, described biological bacteria is EM biological bacteria.That the multiple beneficial microorganism that comprises aerobic bacteria and anerobe is organically combined by unique fermentation technique, wherein each microorganism alternate in breeding is long altogether, form a powerful integral body, many-sided effects such as performance " useful decomposition ", " anti-oxidant ".In EM, mainly contain and take milk-acid bacteria, yeast, photosynthetic bacteria etc. as main beneficial microorganism.EM is thrown in environment, can form dominant microflora in part, boot environment micropopulation is to good direction activity, and suppresses the propagation of spoilage organism, pathogeny bacterium, thereby play, improves environment, improvement soil, purifies water, eliminates stink, suppresses corrupt effect.
The present invention compared with prior art, tool has the following advantages and beneficial effect: the Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer that the present invention makes, with low cost, use easy, can be according to conditions such as different crops, soil, weathers, the water absorbent rate of adjusting fertilizer, is widely used in food crop, cash crop, gardening plant etc.Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer fertilizer efficiency period is long, can significantly reduce fertilizer because of the loss that volatilization, leaching cause, and limited fertilizer and moisture are fully absorbed by plant, reaches liquid manure one, improvement soil.Use Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer and can reduce field irrigation cost, reach the object of high-efficiency water-saving.Use Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer and can greatly improve plant recovery of nutrient, effectively controlled the pollution of Term Fertilization to crop and environment.In a word, the product that technical scheme of the present invention obtains not only has good water-retentivity but also have good slow-releasing, and fertilizer element utilization ratio improves, and has alleviated environmental pollution, promotes plant growth.
Embodiment
For the ease of those skilled in the art's understanding, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1.
5 kilograms of biomass chars that is 0.01cm by 70 kilograms of Repone K coated slow release fertilizers, 5 kilograms of starch-grafted vinyl cyanide water-holding agents, 10 kilograms of cellulose graft vinyl cyanide water-holding agents, 1 kilogram of EM biological bacteria, 5 kilograms of humic acidss, particle diameter add stirrer to stir, pack, obtains Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer.
Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer with the present embodiment, use respectively and carry out pot experiment with conventional slow release fertilizer, at nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content, equate under condition, the more conventional slow release fertilizer irrigation times of Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer and water the water yield and obviously reduce, water use efficiency improves 55%, and plant recovery of nutrient improves 12 left and right; Longer blooming period, pattern is bright-coloured, has improved the ornamental value of flowers.
Embodiment 2.
10 kilograms of biomass chars that is 0.05cm by 75 kilograms of low solubility slow release fertilizer urea formaldehydes, 4.5 kilograms of starch-grafted vinyl cyanide water-holding agents, 13.5 kilograms of cellulose graft acrylamide water-holding agents, 1 kilogram of EM biological bacteria, 8 kilograms of humic acidss, particle diameter add stirrer to stir, pack, obtains Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer.
Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer with the present embodiment, use respectively and carry out rape test with conventional slow release fertilizer, at nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content, equate under condition, the more conventional slow release fertilizer irrigation times of Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer and water the water yield and obviously reduce, water use efficiency improves 50%, and plant recovery of nutrient improves 10% left and right; Yield of rape improves 30%.
Embodiment 3.
15 kilograms of biomass chars that is 0.01-0.1cm by 45 kilograms, urea, 35 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 4 kilograms of starch graft acrylamide water-holding agents, 16 kilograms of cellulose graft acrylamide water-holding agents, 2 kilograms of EM biological bacteria, 10 kilograms of humic acidss, particle diameter add stirrer to stir, pack, obtains Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer.
Make respectively base manure with conventional urea, diammonium phosphate, Repone K, in wheat Production of Large Fields, compare test, at nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon nutrient content, equate under condition, use conventional fertilizer nutrient and discharge soon, Wheat Seedling growing way shows slightly advantage; But enter vegetative growth phase and the reproductive growth after date of going forward side by side, the Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer of this enforcement is made the most of the advantage gradually.
Test-results shows, uses the slow release fertilizer of this enforcement, than 55 kilograms of every mu of volume increase wheats of conventional fertilizer application, volume increase 16%, Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer nutritive element discharges with wheat absorption basically identical, has improved plant recovery of nutrient, wherein nitrogen improves 9.1%, and phosphorus improves 8.0%, and potassium improves 9.2%.Meanwhile, the water holding effect due to water-holding agent in fertilizer, has reduced irrigation frequency and irrigation quantity, and efficiency of water application improves 20%.
Embodiment 4.
10 kilograms of biomass chars that is 0.1cm by 75 kilograms of low solubility slow release fertilizer urea isobutyric aldehydes, 3 kilograms of starch-grafted vinyl cyanide water-holding agents, 15 kilograms of cellulose graft vinyl cyanide water-holding agents, 2 kilograms of EM biological bacteria, 8 kilograms of humic acidss, particle diameter stir, pack, obtains Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer.
Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer with the present embodiment, be applied in respectively apple orchard test with conventional slow release fertilizer, at nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition content, equate under condition, the more conventional slow release fertilizer irrigation times of Water-retaining slow-release fertilizer and water the water yield and obviously reduce, water use efficiency improves 30%, plant recovery of nutrient improves 10% left and right, and apple production improves 10%.
Above-described embodiment is preferably embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments, and the equivalent variations of therefore doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly, is characterized in that: it comprises the raw material of following weight part:
Coated slow release fertilizer or low solubility slow release fertilizer 70-80 part
Water-holding agent 15-20 part
Biological bacteria 1-2 part
Humic acids 5-10 part
Soil conditioner 5-15 part,
Described coated slow release fertilizer is nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium simple substance, binary or ternary resin coated fertilizer, or the nitrogen that contains trace elements iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, magnesium, sulphur, aluminium, phosphorus, potassium simple substance, binary or ternary resin coated fertilizer;
Described low solubility slow release fertilizer is urea formaldehyde, urea acetaldehyde or urea isobutyric aldehyde;
Described water-holding agent is the mixing water-holding agent of starch-series water-holding agent and cellulose-based water-holding agent, the weight ratio of described starch-series water-holding agent and cellulose-based water-holding agent is 1:2-1:5, described starch water-holding agent is starch-grafted vinyl cyanide or starch graft acrylamide, described Mierocrystalline cellulose water-holding agent is cellulose graft vinyl cyanide or cellulose graft acrylamide
Described soil conditioner is biomass char; The particle diameter of described biomass char is 0.01-0.1cm;
Described biological bacteria is EM biological bacteria.
2. a kind of the fertilizer of retaining water and releasing nutrients slowly according to claim 1, is characterized in that: to be rubbish or mud decompose a kind of main component forming to described biomass char under 400-900 degree Celsius and oxygen free condition is the solid matter of carbon.
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| CN201210588309.8A CN102976863B (en) | 2012-12-29 | 2012-12-29 | Water-retention and slow-release fertilizer |
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| CN104045484B (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2016-03-02 | 马鞍山市心洲葡萄专业合作社 | Organic coated fertilizer of functional biological of a kind of economic environmental protection and preparation method thereof |
| CN104045426A (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-17 | 马鞍山市心洲葡萄专业合作社 | Leaf-containing biological organic composite coated fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104892319A (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2015-09-09 | 张家港市鸿嘉数字科技有限公司 | Slow-release fertilizer for potatoes |
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| CN110028367A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-19 | 烟台富慧农业科技有限公司 | A kind of multifunction soil compound fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN113200790A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-08-03 | 林轩 | Soluble solid slow-release fertilizer agent and application method thereof |
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| CN114568253B (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-08-08 | 瑞派尔(宜昌)科技集团股份有限公司 | Impact-resistant ecological planting granule |
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