CN102974743A - Manufacturing method of coupler knuckle - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of coupler knuckle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102974743A
CN102974743A CN2012105197873A CN201210519787A CN102974743A CN 102974743 A CN102974743 A CN 102974743A CN 2012105197873 A CN2012105197873 A CN 2012105197873A CN 201210519787 A CN201210519787 A CN 201210519787A CN 102974743 A CN102974743 A CN 102974743A
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China
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steps
forging
die forging
manufacturing blanks
manufacturing
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Chinese (zh)
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唐振英
孙天罡
唐林
赵增华
陈明达
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CRRC Qiqihar Rolling Stock Co Ltd
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Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention provides a manufacturing method of a coupler knuckle, which comprises the following steps of blanking, heating for the first time, free forging, heating for the second time, die forging for the first time, trimming for the first time, heating for the third time, die forging for the second time, trimming for the second time, processing, heat treatment and flaw detection, wherein in the step of processing, the pattern draft of a blank making piece is processed; in the step of heat treatment, the quenching and tempering treatment is performed on the blank making piece; in the step of flaw detection, the flaw detection is performed on the surface of the blank making piece; if the qualification is obtained after the flaw detection, the product manufacturing is completed; and if the qualification is not obtained after the flaw detection, the product is moved to a waste area. According to the manufacturing method of the coupler knuckle, the coupler knuckle forging process is determined to be the free forging blank making, two-time die forging and two-time trimming production processes in accordance with the structural features of a forging coupler knuckle. After the coupler knuckle which is produced by adopting the forging process is used, casting defects such as air holes, slag inclusion, shrinkage porosity and the like of the casting coupler knuckle can be completely avoided, the internal quality of the coupler knuckle is guaranteed, and the service life of the coupler knuckle is prolonged.

Description

Hook tongue manufacture method
Technical field
The present invention relates to FMT, relate in particular to a kind of hook tongue manufacture method, belong to the rail vehicle technical field.
Background technology
The hook tongue is to realize that the company between locomotive and vehicle or vehicle and the vehicle hangs and transmitting tractive power and impulsive force, and makes between the vehicle and maintain a certain distance.The hook tongue except will bearing the effects such as tractive force at random, alternation, compression stress and impulsive force, also bears the effect of moment of flexure in train operation.Particularly in shunting service, the hook tongue often can be subject to very large impact force action, and therefore, the service condition very severe causes each several part often to crack, be out of shape, wear away and three-state acts on the faults such as bad.Since China's heavy-duty freight car generally used ten No. six hitches, the situation that crackle appears in hook tongue S shape face happened occasionally.From the utilization statistical survey of hook tongue as can be known, the hook tongue is scrapped because crackle transfinites and is accounted for it and scrap more than 90% of overall rate, and fatigue rupture is the principal mode that the hook tongue lost efficacy.
Original hook tongue technique is to adopt the process of casting.Its technological process is moulding → lower core mould assembling → cast → knockout → once cleaning → heat treatment → secondary cleaning → ball blast → flaw detection → ball blast → detect a flaw → spray paint → deliver for a check.
The main failure forms of casting hook tongue shows as fracture and abrasion, and casting hook tongue produces in the use procedure friction and abrasive wear are the main causes of hook tongue wearing and tearing; It is the main cause that cracks that the tissue defects that the hook tongue forms in the cast form process and the stress that is in use produced by impact and fretting wear are concentrated, both basic reasons all are the existence of the casting flaws such as hook tongue pore, slag inclusion, shrinkage cavity are loose, these defectives are under the alternate stress effect, form crackle, cause direct fracture or form fines, and then in the car body running, accelerate the abrasion of hook tongue, quality can not get effective assurance, brings larger hidden danger to traffic safety.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of hook tongue manufacture method, be used for overcoming defective of the prior art, reduce the generation of hook fissuring of tongue, reduce wearing and tearing, improve hook tongue nature amount, improve the security of driving.
Hook tongue manufacture method provided by the invention, the method may further comprise the steps:
1) blanking extracts steps of manufacturing blanks at raw material;
2) once heating is once heated steps of manufacturing blanks;
3) open die forging carries out open die forging to steps of manufacturing blanks;
4) post bake is carried out post bake to the steps of manufacturing blanks behind the open die forging;
5) die forging is placed on the steps of manufacturing blanks after the post bake and carries out a die forging in the one-off pattern forging mould;
6) once cut edge, the steps of manufacturing blanks after the die forging is once cut edge;
7) three heating are carried out three heating with steps of manufacturing blanks;
8) secondary die forging is placed on the steps of manufacturing blanks after three heating to carry out the secondary die forging in the secondary stamp forging mould;
9) secondary is cut edge, and the steps of manufacturing blanks after the secondary die forging is carried out secondary cut edge;
10) processing is processed the pattern draft of steps of manufacturing blanks;
11) heat treatment is carried out modifier treatment to steps of manufacturing blanks;
12) flaw detection is carried out surface inspection to steps of manufacturing blanks; The qualified manufacturing of namely finishing product of detecting a flaw, the underproof product of detecting a flaw moves to the waste product district.
Hook tongue manufacture method provided by the invention, according to the design feature of forging the hook tongue, having determined to forge hook tongue technique is the production technology of open die forging base, twice die forging and twice side cut, the hook tongue that adopts above-mentioned Forging Technology to produce then can avoid casting the existence of the casting flaws such as pore, slag inclusion, the shrinkage cavity of hook tongue be loose fully, guarantee hook tongue internal soundness, improved the service life of hook tongue.
Description of drawings
The stereogram of the steps of manufacturing blanks that Fig. 1 finishes for the open die forging that the embodiment of the invention provides;
Fig. 2 is the stereogram one of the steps of manufacturing blanks finished of a die forging;
Fig. 3 is the stereogram two of the steps of manufacturing blanks finished of a die forging;
Fig. 4 is the stereogram one of the steps of manufacturing blanks finished of secondary die forging;
Fig. 5 is the stereogram two of the steps of manufacturing blanks finished of secondary die forging.
The specific embodiment
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hook tongue manufacture method, and the method may further comprise the steps:
1) blanking extracts steps of manufacturing blanks at raw material; Raw material can adopt round steel or steel plate; The shape of raw material steps of manufacturing blanks is specially square or cylindrical;
2) once heating is once heated steps of manufacturing blanks; For next step open die forging is prepared;
3) open die forging carries out open die forging to steps of manufacturing blanks; The shape of open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks 1 as shown in Figure 1; Forge the shape of open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks 1 on need to the basis with the raw material steps of manufacturing blanks, the head 11 of open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks 1 and the sectional area of afterbody 12 change greatly, and therefore crackle and folding occurs in this process easily;
4) post bake is carried out post bake to the steps of manufacturing blanks behind the open die forging; Be that a die forging is prepared;
5) die forging is placed on the steps of manufacturing blanks after the post bake and carries out a die forging in the one-off pattern forging mould;
Shape such as Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 of the steps of manufacturing blanks that a die forging forms; Mould is usually fastened by upper mold section and female die and forms, steps of manufacturing blanks behind the open die forging is placed in the female die of one-off pattern forging mould, upper mold section with the one-off pattern forging mould fastens thereon again, at this moment, one spacing d1 is arranged between the upper mold section of one-off pattern forging mould and the female die, the one-off pattern forging mould that is equipped with steps of manufacturing blanks is placed on carries out one-off pattern on the die forging machine and forge, this step mainly is in order to form the S shape face 3 of hook tongue, after once forging is finished, the upper mold section of one-off pattern forging mould and the spacing between the female die become d2 by d1, wherein d1〉d2; In the situation that blanking and open die forging all meet the demands, whether the control of d1 and d2 meets the requirements according to the complete sum of S shape face 3 and is as the criterion in this step;
Because head 11 and afterbody 12 changes of section of open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks 1 are larger, in the one-off pattern forging process since blank have little time therefore to produce easily fold defect at transition position to the both sides diffusion; By improving forging hook tongue open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks, excessively to be revised as inclined-plane 4 excessive at the place with open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks head 11 and afterbody 12 in actual production, such as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, makes the blank can be fully mobile in die forging shape chamber.Through the improvement of this technique having been avoided fully the generation of fold defect in the one-off pattern forging process.
6) once cut edge, the steps of manufacturing blanks after the die forging is once cut edge;
Owing to have the gap between upper mold section and the female die, therefore, steps of manufacturing blanks after the die forging is except the S shape face 3 that forms the hook tongue, steps of manufacturing blanks also can produce distortion under die forging machine pressure, formed in this gap by a part of edge after the distortion, be called overlap, in order to guarantee next step secondary die forging quality, steps of manufacturing blanks need to be taken out from the one-off pattern forging mould and once cut edge;
7) three heating are carried out three heating with steps of manufacturing blanks;
8) secondary die forging is placed on the steps of manufacturing blanks after three heating to carry out the secondary die forging in the secondary stamp forging mould;
To again be placed in secondary stamp forging mould upper mold section and the female die through the steps of manufacturing blanks after three heating, carry out the secondary die forging, the steps of manufacturing blanks profile after this time of process die forging is near finished product; Spacing after the secondary die forging between secondary stamp forging mould upper mold section and the female die has become d4 by d3, and in this process, d4 is controlled between 0.5 ~ 1.5mm, is preferably 1mm;
9) secondary is cut edge, and the steps of manufacturing blanks after the secondary die forging is carried out secondary cut edge; The overlap that forms after the secondary die forging is excised;
10) processing is processed the pattern draft of steps of manufacturing blanks; Here the pattern draft that needs to process is the rear inclined-plane 4 that produces in the successively die forging;
11) heat treatment is carried out modifier treatment to steps of manufacturing blanks; Modulation treatment mainly is to have good comprehensive mechanical performance for the hook tongue to moulding;
12) flaw detection is carried out surface inspection to steps of manufacturing blanks; The qualified manufacturing of namely finishing product of detecting a flaw, the underproof product of detecting a flaw moves to the waste product district.
Flaw detection is used for checking whether moulding hook tongue surface has crackle and lap, can affect use if any, just can not need to be stacked in the waste product district as qualified hook tongue product, only could be as qualified products without any the hook tongue of crackle and lap.
Hook tongue manufacture method provided by the invention, according to the design feature of forging the hook tongue, having determined to forge hook tongue technique is the production technology of open die forging base, twice die forging and twice side cut, the hook tongue that adopts above-mentioned Forging Technology to produce then can avoid casting the existence of the casting flaws such as pore, slag inclusion, the shrinkage cavity of hook tongue be loose fully, guarantee hook tongue internal soundness, improved the service life of hook tongue.
Casting hook tongue and the mechanical performance compare that forges the hook tongue:
Figure GDA00002537303800041
We can significantly find out from table, forge hook tongue product and will exceed a lot than casting hook tongue intensity and impact; And the warranty period of forging the hook tongue is 6 years, manys 1 year than casting the hook tongue nature amount guarantee period, therefore can find out, forges the hook tongue and has very strong superiority than casting hook tongue.
The below has carried out Simulation and analysis to forging twice die forging process of hook tongue product.Boundary condition setting, process simulation and the force analysis analyzed are as follows:
This simulation utilizes SOLIDWORKS software to forging hook tongue parametric modeling, with the DEFORM-3D software platform the three-dimensional mould shape of setting up is carried out finite element modelling, to forging hook tongue die-forging forming process and stressed the analysis, disclose product and produce the defective process and optimized contour forging technique.
1, analog parameter is set as follows: can reflect really practical condition for making analog result, simulated conditions and the actual production conditions of setting are basically identical.
1) the material mould shape of forging material is set up, the forging material is the 25MnCrNiMoA steel, in view of this material not in the DEFORM-3D material depot, therefore the resistance of deformation data of this kind material under different temperatures and different distortion speed not, chemical composition based on the CrNiMo steel alloy is basic consistent with 25MnCrNiMoA with performance, uses for reference the resistance of deformation curve of CrNiMo steel alloy and has set up material mould shape.
2) setting of other analog parameter, twice die forging all produced at 8000 tons of friction presses, arrange all identical to twice die forging analog parameter: mold materials is set as rigid body, blank heating temperature is 1200 ℃, the Coulomb friction coefficient is 0.3, mold temperature is set as 250 ℃, and the patrix translational speed is set as 200mm/s, and the cell number is 185641.
2, one-off pattern forging stock material deformation process numerical simulation and defect analysis
1) the deformation process numerical simulation is forged in a die forging, this forming process mainly is to form forging hook tongue product S shape face 3, owing to need accurate blank could satisfy the requirement of final forging and molding, therefore need to adopt the mode of open die forging, impressing forging to forge, after die forging, cut edge, forge good distribution blank by this time, for final forging and molding lays the first stone.Blank was shaped fully when the upper mold section of one-off pattern forging mould and the gap between the female die were 0.3mm; Be 54500kN in this node location resistance of deformation, can judge that thus 8000 tons of friction pressure functions satisfy the requirement that a die forging of this product air exercise is hit power.
2) analyze producing defect situation in the one-off pattern forging process, easily produce fold defect during a die forging, the generation of this defective is because open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks 1 head 11 and afterbody 12 changes of section are larger, in the one-off pattern forging process since blank have little time therefore to produce easily fold defect at transition position to the both sides diffusion.
3) improvement project and actual effect, by improving forging hook tongue open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks, excessively to be revised as inclined-plane 4 excessive at the place with the head 11 of open die forging steps of manufacturing blanks 1 and afterbody 12 in actual production, makes the blank can be fully mobile in die forging shape chamber.Through the improvement of this technique having been avoided fully the generation of fold defect in the one-off pattern forging process.
3, secondary die forging blank deformation process simulation and defect analysis
1) secondary die forging deformation process numerical simulation, this product need after through a die forging and side cut reconditioning this blank turned over to turn 90 degrees to carry out the secondary die forging finally to be shaped.The upper mold section of secondary stamp forging mould and counterdie gap are 1mm, the time blank be shaped fully.Be 49700kN in this node location resistance of deformation, can judge that thus 8000 tons of friction pressure functions satisfy this product secondary die forging to the requirement of hitting power.
2) to secondary die-forging forming process with produce the defect situation analysis, overlap had been crossed flash gutters storehouse section when the secondary forging part was shaped, and caused waste of material and had increased requirement to forging force.Producing reason mainly is because one-off pattern forge piece blank reheating local allocation is unreasonable.Produce in the forming process of fold defect at upper traction table position during the secondary die forging, because it is larger that the one-off pattern forging is excessively located the blank changes of section at upper traction table, metal stock can't lateral flow in forging process for upper traction table place root blank, therefore produces fold defect at this position.
3) improvement project for above Main Problems, has been carried out following improvement: the fillet of die forging abrupt change of cross-section place is amplified as far as possible, allow herein the blank can lateral flow, to avoid the generation of fold defect.By revising the one-off pattern forging mould one-off pattern forging stock material local shape is optimized, makes that to fill the shape process reasonable.Simultaneously existing mold flash gutters storehouse section size is strengthened, in order to fully hold unnecessary metal.
The temperature of once heating, post bake and three heating all is controlled between 900 ℃ ~ 1200 ℃.
Hook tongue manufacture method provided by the invention is according to the design feature of forging the hook tongue, determined that forging hook tongue technique is the open die forging base, the production technology of twice die forging and twice side cut, adopt the analytical method of numerical simulation that this kind technique is simulated and verified, deformation process and the force analysis of blank in twice die forging process have been analyzed, simulate simultaneously the process that produces defective in the technical process, provide strong foundation for avoiding forging defect and optimizing forging processes; By in practice this technique being optimized the yield rate that has improved product, its yield rate of forging the hook tongue has been reached more than 90% from initial 30.3%, at present this process stabilizing for the production of; The hook tongue that adopts Forging Technology to produce then can avoid casting the existence of the casting flaws such as pore, slag inclusion, the shrinkage cavity of hook tongue be loose fully, has guaranteed hook tongue internal soundness, has improved the service life of hook tongue.
As the preferred embodiment of above-described embodiment, also comprise between the step 7) in step 6): a 6S) reconditioning, when the steps of manufacturing blanks after once cutting edge naturally cools to environment temperature it is carried out a reconditioning; Also comprise between the step 10) in step 9): 9S1) secondary reconditioning, when the steps of manufacturing blanks after secondary is cut edge naturally cools to environment temperature it is carried out the secondary reconditioning.A reconditioning and secondary reconditioning can further promote forging quality, and are conducive to the control of its next step index; At step 9S1) also comprise between the step 10): 9S2) ball blast, carry out a Shot Blasting to the steps of manufacturing blanks surface after the secondary reconditioning; At step 9S2) also comprise between the step 10): 9S3) secondary ball blast, carry out the secondary Shot Blasting to the steps of manufacturing blanks surface after the heat treatment.Ball blast and secondary ball blast expose the material of steps of manufacturing blanks itself for the oxide layer on steps of manufacturing blanks surface is got rid of, and reduce corrosion in use.
It should be noted that at last: above each embodiment is not intended to limit only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to aforementioned each embodiment the present invention is had been described in detail, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be made amendment to the technical scheme that aforementioned each embodiment puts down in writing, and perhaps some or all of technical characterictic wherein is equal to replacement; And these modifications or replacement do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution break away from the scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.

Claims (7)

1. hook tongue manufacture method is characterized in that the method may further comprise the steps:
1) blanking extracts steps of manufacturing blanks at raw material;
2) once heating is once heated steps of manufacturing blanks;
3) open die forging carries out open die forging to steps of manufacturing blanks;
4) post bake is carried out post bake to the steps of manufacturing blanks behind the open die forging;
5) die forging is placed on the steps of manufacturing blanks after the post bake and carries out a die forging in the one-off pattern forging mould;
6) once cut edge, the steps of manufacturing blanks after the die forging is once cut edge;
7) three heating are carried out three heating to steps of manufacturing blanks;
8) secondary die forging is placed on the steps of manufacturing blanks after three heating to carry out the secondary die forging in the secondary stamp forging mould;
9) secondary is cut edge, and the steps of manufacturing blanks after the secondary die forging is carried out secondary cut edge;
10) processing is processed the pattern draft of steps of manufacturing blanks;
11) heat treatment is carried out modifier treatment to steps of manufacturing blanks;
12) flaw detection is carried out surface inspection to steps of manufacturing blanks; The qualified manufacturing of namely finishing product of detecting a flaw, the underproof product of detecting a flaw moves to the waste product district.
2. hook tongue manufacture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in step 6) to further comprising the steps of between the step 7):
A 6S) reconditioning is carried out a reconditioning to it when the steps of manufacturing blanks after once cutting edge naturally cools to environment temperature.
3. hook tongue manufacture method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in step 9) to further comprising the steps of between the step 10):
9S1) secondary reconditioning is carried out the secondary reconditioning to it when the steps of manufacturing blanks after secondary is cut edge naturally cools to environment temperature.
4. hook tongue manufacture method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, at step 9S1) to further comprising the steps of between the step 10):
9S2) ball blast carries out a Shot Blasting to the steps of manufacturing blanks surface after the secondary reconditioning.
5. hook tongue manufacture method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, at step 9S2) to further comprising the steps of between the step 10):
9S3) secondary ball blast carries out the secondary Shot Blasting to the steps of manufacturing blanks surface after the heat treatment.
6. arbitrary described hook tongue manufacture method is characterized in that according to claim 1-5, and the temperature of described once heating, post bake and three heating all is controlled between 900 ℃ ~ 1200 ℃.
7. arbitrary described hook tongue manufacture method is characterized in that the mold of secondary die forging and the spacing between the bed die are controlled between 0.5 ~ 1.5 millimeter after the secondary die forging according to claim 1-5.
CN2012105197873A 2012-12-06 2012-12-06 Manufacturing method of coupler knuckle Pending CN102974743A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106077380A (en) * 2016-05-21 2016-11-09 吉林大学 Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding
WO2018045752A1 (en) * 2016-09-10 2018-03-15 吉林大学 Near net shape forging and moulding method for railway vehicle coupler knuckle
CN110076280A (en) * 2019-05-29 2019-08-02 遵义航天新力精密铸锻有限公司 A kind of aviation aircraft empennage processing technology
CN112676533A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-20 天瑞集团铸造有限公司 Die and method for casting coupler knuckle by high-precision V method
CN114226617A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-25 江苏天南铝材锻造有限公司 Production process of arc-shaped aluminum hoop
CN115383029A (en) * 2022-08-31 2022-11-25 中冶重工(唐山)有限公司 Multidirectional die forging die for coupler knuckle forging of railway locomotive and forming process of multidirectional die forging die

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106077380A (en) * 2016-05-21 2016-11-09 吉林大学 Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding
CN106077380B (en) * 2016-05-21 2019-08-20 吉林大学 Railway vehicle truck coupler knuckle near net method for forging and molding
WO2018045752A1 (en) * 2016-09-10 2018-03-15 吉林大学 Near net shape forging and moulding method for railway vehicle coupler knuckle
AU2017248490B2 (en) * 2016-09-10 2019-11-14 Jilin University Method of near-net-shape forged molding of coupler knuckle of railway vehicle
CN110076280A (en) * 2019-05-29 2019-08-02 遵义航天新力精密铸锻有限公司 A kind of aviation aircraft empennage processing technology
CN112676533A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-20 天瑞集团铸造有限公司 Die and method for casting coupler knuckle by high-precision V method
CN112676533B (en) * 2020-12-31 2023-04-11 天瑞集团铸造有限公司 Die and method for casting coupler knuckle by high-precision V method
CN114226617A (en) * 2021-12-01 2022-03-25 江苏天南铝材锻造有限公司 Production process of arc-shaped aluminum hoop
CN115383029A (en) * 2022-08-31 2022-11-25 中冶重工(唐山)有限公司 Multidirectional die forging die for coupler knuckle forging of railway locomotive and forming process of multidirectional die forging die

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Application publication date: 20130320