CN102974456B - Separation process of refractory iron ore - Google Patents

Separation process of refractory iron ore Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102974456B
CN102974456B CN201210531033.XA CN201210531033A CN102974456B CN 102974456 B CN102974456 B CN 102974456B CN 201210531033 A CN201210531033 A CN 201210531033A CN 102974456 B CN102974456 B CN 102974456B
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roasting
ore
mineral
iron ore
iron
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CN102974456A (en
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张裕书
杨耀辉
刘亚川
陈炳炎
张少翔
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Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
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Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
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Abstract

The invention provides a separation process of refractory iron ore, which is to carry out flash magnetization roasting on dry powdery raw ore with the granularity of not more than 1mm at 520-560 ℃ for 350-450 s under the condition of high-temperature reducing atmosphere to obtain useful mineral Fe3O4The roasted material is separated to obtain a concentrate; the process controls the granularity of raw ore, reduces the roasting temperature, and selects proper roasting time to ensure that the roasting process is carried out under the stable and controllable condition, not only the raw ore (such as ferrous carbonate) is fully decomposed and the reduction reaction is stable, but also the condition of overburning or partial magnetite reduction into a Rich body is not easy to occur, the roasted product has uniform quality, less loss of useful minerals, low reaction energy consumption, mild reaction condition and stable and easily-controlled process, can be used for separating refractory iron ores such as poor hematite (magnetite), siderite, limonite, oolitic hematite and the like, and obtains higher-grade gamma-Fe2O3Concentrate (grade generally not less than 60%And) the total iron recovery rate can be not less than 75%.

Description

The sorting process of refractory iron ore
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of beneficiation method of iron ore, particularly a kind of sorting process of refractory iron ore.
Background technology
Iron mineral is of a great variety, and the iron mineral found at present and iron-bearing mineral about more than 300 is planted, and wherein common are more than 170 and plants.But under current technological conditions, there are the mainly magnetic iron ore of industrial utility value, bloodstone, maghemite, ilmenite, limonite and siderite etc.
China's Refractory iron ore mainly contains Anshan type poor red (magnetic) iron ore, siderite, limonite, oolitic hematite etc. that microfine is contaminated, and complicated difficult selects many metals to be total to association iron ore and mainly contains Baiyunebo iron mine, Panzhihua formula vanadium titano-magnetite, Jilin antelope iron ore etc.
Wherein, the poor magnetic of Anshan type (red) the iron ore disseminated grain size that microfine is contaminated is superfine, and mineral monomer dissociates very difficult with sorting, as Yuan Jia village, Lanxian County, Shanxi iron ore, reserves reach more than 1,000,000,000 tons, ore need be ground to-0.043mm and account for more than 95% and just can reach monomer dissociation.
The theoretical Iron grade of siderite is lower, and frequent and calcium magnesium manganese is isomorph symbiosis, and disseminated grain size is fine, and China's siderite is proved reserves l8.34 hundred million t.Limonite is oxidizing aqueous iron ore, and density is little, and magnetic is weak, and floatability is low, easily occurs crushing phenomenon in comminution process.China explored limonite reserves 10 ~ 2,000,000,000 t, as Jiangxi Tie Keng iron ore etc.
Oolitic hematite disseminated grain size is superfine, and normal with siderite, chamosite and phosphorus ore containing symbiosis or mutually wrap up, and often contain harmful element phosphorus, sulphur etc., this type of Iron Ore Reserve is up to 3,000,000,000 ~ 5,000,000,000 t.
The packet header Baiyunebo iron mine grade of ore is low, mineralogical composition is complicated, symbiosis is close, mineral disseminated grain size thin and inequality, valuable mineral and little, the available valuable constituent of gangue mineral washability difference are many.Panzhihua formula vanadium titano-magnetite is the magnetic iron ore of the multiple elements such as a kind of association vanadium, titanium, cobalt, and its ore reserve reaches 10,000,000,000 tons, and vanadium and titanium account for more than 80% and 90% of national reserves respectively.Jilin antelope iron ore is a kind of polymetallic ore being rich in iron, manganese, rare earth and trace element, and major metal mineral are magnetic iron ore, limonite, siderite, separately has a certain amount of hausmannite, manganese spar and ferrosilite mineral.
These refractory iron ores above-mentioned or disseminated grain size are too thin, or association composition is too many altogether, and traditional ore-dressing technique all can not well develop these ores.Magnetizing roast, by changing the composition of iron mineral, makes it have ferromagnetism, and iron mineral is separated by recycling magnetic separation, is the exploitation of Refractory iron ore, provides a feasible path.
What prior art application was more is Magnetization reductive roasting technique, is under reducing atmosphere and hot conditions, oxidized iron ore with weak magnetism is changed raw ore into ferromagnetism magnetic iron ore (i.e. Fe 3o 4), although Fe 3o 4be ferromagnetism magnetic iron ore, but have the characteristic along with grain graininess reduces, relative magnetic susceptibility reduces, coercivity increases thereupon, its coercive force is higher, easily forms solid aggregate, cause barren rock to be mingled with, dilution concentrate grade in magnetic separation process, simultaneously part Fe 3o 4run off.
Prior art additionally provides a kind of reduction-oxidation roasting technique, be by above-mentioned reduction after magnetic iron ore under oxygen-free atmosphere, be cooled to 400 DEG C, then contact with air and obtain ferromagnetic γ-Fe 2o 3, its chemical reaction is as follows: 4Fe 3o 4+ O 2---6 γ-Fe 2o 3.Due to γ-Fe 2o 3character compare Fe 3o 4stable, and specific susceptibility is larger, coercivity is lower, and therefore magnetic separation process reunion degree is lower, and magnetic separation effect is better.
Prior art is thought in reduction-oxidation roasting technique, suitable sintering temperature is 600 ~ 900 DEG C, such as, recording sintering temperature the best in Chinese patent 200510019917 is 600 ~ 850 DEG C, recording rational sintering temperature in document " refractory iron ore magnetizing roast mechanism and flash magnetization roasting technology; Wang Qiulin etc., metal mine, the 12nd phase in 2009 " is 700 ~ 900 DEG C, reduction gained magnetic iron ore is generally after oxygen-free atmosphere is cooled to 400 DEG C, then contacts with air and generate γ-Fe 2o 3.
Although research shows; at relatively high temperatures (more than 570 DEG C); raw ore comparatively fast can change magnetic iron ore into; but due in large-scale production process, process conditions often have and to a certain degree fluctuate, when sintering temperature is higher; once ore is the zone of reduction time of staying is slightly long or reducing agent is superfluous; mineral surface burning can be caused at once, phenomenon that segment magnet ore deposit is reduced into Fu Shi body, cause ore magnetic to reduce, iron loss degree increases the weight of.On the other hand, although the magnetic iron ore of reduction gained can be oxidized into γ-Fe below 400 DEG C and under aerobic conditions 2o 3, but affect by mineral granularity and oxidizing process, magnetic iron ore is converted into γ-Fe 2o 3effect be also different, particularly in oxidizing process, if control improper, can cause crystal phase transition not exclusively or generate α-Fe 2o 3.From mineral granularity, magnetic iron ore granularity is less, and magnetic iron ore specific area is larger, and it contacts with air and is converted into γ-Fe 2o 3ratio higher, but undersized, again by agglomeration when increasing the weight of product magnetic separation; In addition, temperature is too low will cause oxidation not exclusively, and the reaction time extends; Temperature is too high, causes α-Fe 2o 3generation or sinter.
Conventional Fe 3o 4oxidation preparation γ-Fe 2o 3technique is by Fe 3o 4at 220 ~ 250 DEG C of oxidation 2h, but the method operating flexibility is little, is difficult to effective control of real implementation procedure.Document " Fe 3o 4oxidation preparation γ-Fe 2o 3magnetic process kinetics, Zhao Xinyu etc., East China University of Science's journal, phase nineteen ninety-five the 10th " in provide a kind of first low rear high heating schedule, controlled to try hard to making oxidizing process become and stablize, but this course of reaction is not obviously suitable for the Fe of more than 400 DEG C temperature 3o 4cooling oxidation preparation γ-Fe from high to low 2o 3technique.
Based on above-mentioned various reasons, the iron ore reduction roasting-oxidation-magnetic separation sorting process of prior art exists that sintering temperature is high, product of roasting magnetic not enough, Fe always 3o 4oxidation preparation γ-Fe 2o 3stable not, the γ-Fe of process 2o 3transformation of crystal is insufficient, product magnetic separation comparatively difficulty, high, the not high many defects of concentrate grade of flowing molten iron mistake, causes the utilization of refractory iron ore to maintain reduced levels always.Those skilled in the art cannot find from prior art so far a kind of can the roasting condition of real commercial application comparatively relaxes, roasting effect is preferably based on the refractory iron ore sorting process of reduction roasting-oxidation-magnetic separation principle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for above-mentioned deficiency, a kind of sorting process being suitable for industrialized refractory iron ore is provided, the method reaction condition comparatively relaxes, process stabilization is easily controlled, can be used in the sorting of the refractory iron ores such as poor red (magnetic) iron ore, siderite, limonite, oolitic hematite, and obtain the higher γ-Fe of grade 2o 3concentrate, in preparation process, flowing molten iron loses less simultaneously, iron recovery is high entirely.
Technical purpose of the present invention is realized by following scheme:
A sorting process for refractory iron ore is that the raw ore of dry powdery is carried out flash magnetization roasting under high temperature reducing atmospheres condition, and obtaining valuable mineral is Fe 3o 4roasting material, sorting gained roasting material, obtain concentrate, wherein the granularity of powdery raw ore is not more than 1mm, and in flash magnetization roasting process, sintering temperature is 520 DEG C ~ 560 DEG C, roasting time 350 ~ 450s.
As previously mentioned, in iron ore magnetic separation process, along with mineral fineness improves, agglomeration in magnetic separation process also increases the weight of corresponding, and therefore mineral granularity can not be meticulous, but mineral granularity strengthens, sintering temperature answers corresponding increase, otherwise internal layer mineral cannot decompose during roasting, and after sintering temperature increase, can have an impact to roasting time, oxidizing atmosphere composition again.Be exactly specifically sintering temperature higher time, easily cause burning or segment magnet ore deposit to be reduced into Fu Shi body.
Although prior art once mentioned that in flash magnetization roasting process, original ore size can be less than 3mm, and sintering temperature can be 600 ~ 900 DEG C, but the angle of collateral security roasting effect, this particle size range and sintering temperature scope are still wide, particularly raw ore weight one timing, granularity is less, and mineral specific area is larger, granularity is larger, and mineral specific area is less; , mineral consumption one timing certain at reducibility gas consumption, raw meal particle size is larger, the reducibility gas amount contacted with theoretical weight mineral is fewer, and reducibility gas is more easily had more than needed, and causes reduction (namely segment magnet ore deposit is reduced into Fu Shi body) situation heavier thus.On the other hand, because this particle size range being less than 3mm is wider, those skilled in the art are difficult to the sintering temperature determining to be applicable to.And in the temperature range of 600 ~ 900 DEG C that prior art is recorded, when choosing lower sintering temperature, the mineral grain of about granularity 3mm easily decomposes insufficient, when choosing higher temperature, the easy burning of mineral that granularity is thinner and be reduced into Fu Shi body, thus can not obtain and stablize controlled roasting effect and the product of roasting of greater homogeneity.
Therefore, the present invention is not more than 1mm by controlling original ore size, and reduce sintering temperature, choose suitable roasting time simultaneously, roasting process is carried out when stable, controlled, not only raw ore (as ferrous carbonate) decomposition is abundant, reduction reaction is stable, and the situation that burning or segment magnet ore deposit are reduced into Fu Shi body is less likely to occur, product of roasting greater homogeneity, and valuable mineral runs off less, energy consumption of reaction is low.
In this programme, raw ore through coarse crushing-in broken-in small, broken bits after 5 ~ 20mm, recycling ultrafine grinding equipment, as the fine grinding such as high-pressure roller mill, vertical mill, can realize finally by air classification system the sorting being not more than 1mm fineness ore.In reducing roasting process, reducibility gas composition etc. can refer to prior art; Be γ-Fe for valuable mineral 2o 3grog, conventional high intensity magnetic separation process process can be adopted.Such as the material not having impurity, if roasting grog valuable mineral good monomer dissociation, then direct magnetic separation is carried out to it; If monomer dissociation degree not but have part gangue monomer dissociation, then can adopt the way of magnetic separation-ore grinding-magnetic separation to process; If valuable mineral and the fine and close symbiosis of gangue mineral, and thickness is evenly distributed, then direct to its ore grinding, then the way of magnetic separation processes; If valuable mineral thickness skewness, then adopt the way of stage grinding-stage grading to process; Meanwhile, in above-mentioned technological process, the way such as dusting cover, column magnetic separator, flotation can also be utilized to improve concentrate grade further.For the material containing impurity, as the phosphorus in high-phosphorus iron ore, can be processed by floatation or lixiviation process.
Preferably, the mode of flash magnetization roasting is suspension fluidization magnetizing roast.Suspension fluidization magnetizing roast can make roasting effect more abundant.
Preferably, the sorting mode of gained roasting material is: described roasting material is first cooled to 340 ~ 350 DEG C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, then in oxidizing atmosphere, be cooled to 250 ~ 260 DEG C within 15 ~ 30min time, then naturally cool to room temperature, both obtaining valuable mineral is γ-Fe 2o 3mineral aggregate, mineral aggregate described in high intensity magnetic separation, obtains concentrate.The present invention studies discovery, and in 15 ~ 30min temperature range, material is cooled in 250 ~ 260 DEG C of processes by 340 ~ 350 DEG C, and crystal lattice rearrangement effect is better, γ-Fe 2o 3changing effect is outstanding.If do not adopt this cooling mode of oxidizing, although also γ-Fe will be generated 2o 3, but its conversion is sufficient not.
Preferably, described reducing atmosphere is by CO and CO 2form, the volume fraction of CO in reducing atmosphere is 25% ~ 30%.In reducing atmosphere, reducibility gas excessive concentration, easily caused reduction, and for technical scheme of the present invention, CO concentration is 25% ~ 30% to be comparatively suitable for.
beneficial effect of the present invention:
In sum, the invention provides a kind of sorting process of refractory iron ore, be granularity is not more than 1mm dry powdery raw ore under high temperature reducing atmospheres condition in 520 DEG C ~ 560 DEG C flash magnetization roasting 350 ~ 450s, obtaining valuable mineral is Fe 3o 4roasting material, sorting gained roasting material, both concentrate, this technique is by controlling original ore size, and reduce sintering temperature, choose suitable roasting time simultaneously, make roasting process stable, carry out when controlled, not only raw ore (as ferrous carbonate) decomposes fully, reduction reaction is stablized, and the situation that burning or segment magnet ore deposit are reduced into Fu Shi body is less likely to occur, product of roasting greater homogeneity, and valuable mineral runs off less, energy consumption of reaction is low, reaction condition comparatively relaxes, process stabilization is easily controlled, can be used in poor red (magnetic) iron ore, siderite, limonite, the sorting of the refractory iron ores such as oolitic hematite, and obtain the higher γ-Fe of grade 2o 3concentrate (grade is not less than 60%), full iron recovery can be not less than 75%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for containing Fe 3o 4the XRD collection of illustrative plates of material;
Fig. 2 is for containing γ-Fe 2o 3the XRD collection of illustrative plates of material.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Certain oolitic hematite ferrous grade 40.56% of east, Chongqing, phosphorous 1.02wt%, valuable mineral is based on hematite-limonite, and disseminated grain size is thin.By crushing raw ore to after being not more than 5mm, utilizing high-pressure roller mill in small, broken bits, the classification of wind-force gas phase, obtain the mineral aggregate in small, broken bits that granularity is not more than 1mm, and namely-0.1mm(be not more than 0.1mm) granularity mineral aggregate weight accounts for 75% of mineral aggregate weight in small, broken bits; This material is entered suspending magnetization roasting furnace and roasting under oxygen-free atmosphere, and roasting condition is: in reducing atmosphere, CO volume fraction is 30%, CO 2volume fraction is 70%, sintering temperature 560 DEG C, roasting time 450s, cold wind wind speed 2.1m/s, and obtaining valuable mineral is Fe 3o 4roasting material; Adopt X-ray polycrystalline diffraction test material composition, test result is shown in Fig. 1.
Described roasting material is first cooled to 340 ~ 350 DEG C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, then in oxidizing atmosphere, is cooled to 250 ~ 260 DEG C within 15 ~ 30min time, then naturally cools to room temperature, both obtaining valuable mineral is γ-Fe 2o 3mineral aggregate, adopt X-ray polycrystalline diffraction to test this mineral aggregate composition, test result is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 is for containing Fe 3o 4the XRD collection of illustrative plates of material, Fig. 2 is for containing γ-Fe 2o 3the XRD collection of illustrative plates of material; As can be seen from Fig. 1, we, have obvious Fe 3o 4characteristic peak exists, with Fe 3o 4standard spectrogram (JCPDS No.72-2303) is consistent, shows that roasting material is from Fe 2o 3transform Fe 3o 4.As can be seen from Fig. 2, we, have obvious γ-Fe 2o 3characteristic peak exists, the diffraction maximum of Fig. 2 sample and γ-Fe 2o 3standard spectrogram (JCPDS No.39-1346) consistent, show that roasting material has changed γ-Fe into 2o 3.
Sorting gained γ-Fe 2o 3material, sorting mode is, first by roasting material through ore grinding to the material content of granularity-0.074mm be 90wt%, granularity be the material content of-0.045mm is about 30wt%, then be under the condition of 85.1kA/m in magnetic field intensity, the concentrate of TFe grade 58.037%, the TFe rate of recovery 87.77% is obtained through a magnetic separation.
Again rough concentrate sized mixing and carry out reverse flotation, during reverse flotation, the starch (starch is as valuable mineral inhibitor) of 300 grams of/ton of raw ore consumptions and the enuatrol (enuatrol is as collecting agent in reverse floatation) of 100 grams of/ton of raw ore consumptions is added in ore pulp, all the other technological parameters are with reference to prior art, obtain flotation froth and floatation underflow, described floatation underflow is iron ore concentrate; Ore pulp natural ph is in reverse flotation process.
Finally obtain full Iron grade 61.08%, phosphorus grade 0.18%, the full iron overall recovery of flow process reaches 78.83%.
Embodiment 2
Tcrude ore TFe grade 38.91%, according to the material phase analysis of iron, the iron in this iron ore is mainly composed and is stored among siderite, and its content is 24.98wt%; Its second part iron exists with the form of bloodstone and limonite, and iron content is 16.67wt%; The iron of 0.28wt% is separately had to be present among other iron-bearing mineral.
Operating procedure:
The raw ore of dry powdery is carried out flash magnetization roasting in suspending magnetization roasting furnace under high temperature reducing atmospheres condition, and obtaining valuable mineral is Fe 3o 4roasting material, wherein, in reducing atmosphere, CO volume fraction is 25%, CO 2volume fraction is 75%, and sintering temperature is 520 DEG C, roasting time 350s; Before roasting, feed preparation unit size is not more than 1mm, and-0.1mm granularity mineral aggregate accounts for 81wt%; , feed cold air air quantity: 1.5m 3/ h, pressure 0.04MPa; Hot blast rate: 4m 3/ h, performance wind speed 0.43m/s in suspending magnetization roasting furnace.
After roasting completes, gained roasting material is first cooled to 350 DEG C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, then in oxidizing atmosphere, is cooled to 250 ~ 260 DEG C within the 25min time, then naturally cools to room temperature, both obtaining valuable mineral is γ-Fe 2o 3mineral aggregate, be under the condition of 85.1kA/m in magnetic field intensity, high intensity magnetic separation gained mineral aggregate, obtains iron ore concentrate.
To record iron ore concentrate productive rate be 54.12%, TFe grade be 60.52%, the TFe rate of recovery is 84.18%.
Embodiment 3
Tcrude ore TFe grade 36.22%, according to the material phase analysis of iron, the iron in this iron ore is mainly composed and is stored among limonite, and its content is 25.20wt%; Its second part iron exists with the form of bloodstone, and iron content is 10.15wt%; The iron of 0.87wt% is separately had to be present among other iron-bearing mineral.
Operating procedure:
Raw ore is carried out suspending magnetization roasting in suspending magnetization roasting furnace under high temperature reducing atmospheres condition, and obtaining valuable mineral is Fe 3o 4roasting material, wherein, in reducing atmosphere, CO volume fraction is 20%, CO 2volume fraction is 80%, and sintering temperature is 550 DEG C, roasting time 355s; Before roasting, feed preparation unit size is not more than 1mm, and-0.1mm granularity mineral aggregate accounts for 90wt%; , feed cold air air quantity: 1.8m 3/ h, pressure 0.05MPa; Hot blast rate: 4.5m 3/ h, performance wind speed 0.48m/s in suspending magnetization roasting furnace.
After roasting completes, gained roasting material is first cooled to 350 DEG C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, then in oxidizing atmosphere, is cooled to 250 ~ 260 DEG C within the 25min time, then naturally cools to room temperature, both obtaining valuable mineral is γ-Fe 2o 3mineral aggregate, be under the condition of 85.1kA/m in magnetic field intensity, high intensity magnetic separation gained mineral aggregate, obtains iron ore concentrate.
To record iron ore concentrate productive rate be 47.28%, TFe grade be 60.31%, the TFe rate of recovery is 78.72%.
Embodiment 4
Tcrude ore TFe grade 30.84%, according to the material phase analysis of iron, the iron in this iron ore is mainly composed and is stored among red, limonite, and its content is 22.25wt%; Its second part iron exists with the form of siderite, and iron content is 7.12wt%; The iron of 1.47wt% is separately had to be present among other iron-bearing mineral.
Operating procedure:
Raw ore is carried out suspending magnetization roasting in suspending magnetization roasting furnace under high temperature reducing atmospheres condition, and obtaining valuable mineral is Fe 3o 4roasting material, wherein, in reducing atmosphere, CO volume fraction is 25wt%, CO 2volume fraction is 75wt%, and sintering temperature is 560 DEG C, roasting time 360s; Before roasting, feed preparation unit size is not more than 1mm, and-0.1mm granularity mineral aggregate accounts for 95wt%; , feed cold air air quantity: 1.8m 3/ h, pressure 0.04MPa; Hot blast rate: 4.2m 3/ h, performance wind speed 0.50m/s in suspending magnetization roasting furnace.
After roasting completes, gained roasting material is first cooled to 350 DEG C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, then in oxidizing atmosphere, is cooled to 250 ~ 260 DEG C within the 25min time, then naturally cools to room temperature, both obtaining valuable mineral is γ-Fe 2o 3mineral aggregate, adopt under magnetic field intensity is the condition of 85.1kA/m, high intensity magnetic separation gained mineral aggregate, obtains iron ore concentrate.
To record iron ore concentrate productive rate be 37.97%, TFe grade be 60.94%, the TFe rate of recovery is 75.02%.
Finally it should be noted that; above embodiment is only unrestricted for illustration of technical scheme of the present invention; although be described in detail technical scheme of the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment; those skilled in the art are to be understood that; can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement; and not departing from the purpose and scope of the invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the sorting process of a refractory iron ore, that the raw ore of dry powdery is carried out flash magnetization roasting under high temperature reducing atmospheres condition, obtain the roasting material that valuable mineral is Fe3O4, sorting gained roasting material, obtain concentrate, it is characterized in that: the granularity of powdery raw ore is not more than 1mm, in flash magnetization roasting process, sintering temperature is 520 DEG C ~ 560 DEG C, roasting time 350 ~ 450s; The sorting mode of gained roasting material is: described roasting material is first cooled to 340 ~ 350 DEG C in an oxygen-free atmosphere, then in oxidizing atmosphere, within 15 ~ 30min time, 250 ~ 260 DEG C are cooled to, then room temperature is naturally cooled to, both the mineral aggregate that valuable mineral is γ-Fe2O3 had been obtained, mineral aggregate described in high intensity magnetic separation, obtains concentrate.
2. the sorting process of refractory iron ore according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the mode of flash magnetization roasting is suspension fluidization magnetizing roast.
3. the sorting process of refractory iron ore according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described reducing atmosphere is made up of CO and CO2, and the volume fraction of CO in reducing atmosphere is 25% ~ 30%.
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