CN102974204A - Reaction device for SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration system of circulating fluid bed - Google Patents
Reaction device for SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration system of circulating fluid bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102974204A CN102974204A CN2012105364984A CN201210536498A CN102974204A CN 102974204 A CN102974204 A CN 102974204A CN 2012105364984 A CN2012105364984 A CN 2012105364984A CN 201210536498 A CN201210536498 A CN 201210536498A CN 102974204 A CN102974204 A CN 102974204A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reaction device for an SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration system of a circulating fluid bed, and relates to a smoke denitration reactor in a power plant. The reaction device provided by the invention is characterized in that one side of a circulating fluid bed boiler is connected with one ends of a horizontal flue and a material returning device respectively, the other end of the horizontal flue is provided with a tail flue, and a cyclone separator is arranged between the other ends of the horizontal flue and the material returning device; one side of the upper part of a cylinder body is provided with an air inlet connected with the horizontal flue, a center cylinder connected with one end of an exhaust port is arranged at the upper part of the cylinder body, the other end of the exhaust port is connected with the tail flue, the lower part of the cylinder body forms a cone which is gradually shrunken, one end, which is far from the cylinder body, of the cone is provided with a discharge port, and the tail end of the discharge port is connected with the material returning device; and a phase change heat storage material layer is arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body. The reaction device provided by the invention can well control the escape quantity of a reducing agent, has wide load range of the boiler, can meet the discharage of NOX with high requirements, and realizes the purpose that the SNCR system runs normally.
Description
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Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power-plant flue gas Benitration reactor, specifically be applicable to the cyclone separator of CFBB flue gas SNCR denitrating system, belong to the technical field that smoke eliminator is made.
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Background technology
Combustion technology of circulating fluidized (CFB) is a high-efficiency low-pollution clean burning branch art that develops rapidly in recent ten years, have that coal adaptability is strong, load regulation range is large, add the low-cost desulfurization of lime stone in the flameholding, stove internal combustion, fractional combustion effectively reduces the advantages such as NOx discharging, ash comprehensive utilization, is specially adapted to use inferior fuel and load variations frequently variable load plant and the larger private station of load fluctuation.
According to " fossil-fuel power plant atmospheric pollutant emission standard " of issue in 2011, the NO of thermal power plant
XThe discharge standard increasingly stringent, the necessary synchronized construction denitrification apparatus of new-built unit, it is imperative that the denitration of active service unit is transformed.The denitration technology field is to take the status as the leading factor with the NOx reduction technique, its NO
XReduction technique is divided into two large classes: SCR technology SCR and SNCR technology SNCR, these two kinds of technology all are applicable to the denitration engineering of CFBB.Contrast two kinds of denitration technologies, the engineering investment cost of SNCR, annual operating cost all are lower than SCR, when old unit CFBB is carried out the denitration transformation, the SNCR technology can be avoided the transformation of the aspects such as air preheater, air-introduced machine and economizer, the quantities less, the duration is short, particularly, the SCR technology is higher to the dust contained flue gas rate, catalyst easily occurs stop up poisoning.Therefore, the SNCR denitration technology is applicable to new-built unit and the old Transformation of Unit of CFBB.
The SNCR denitration technology mainly is that the reducing agent that will contain ammonia sprays in the flue gas in 800 ℃～1000 ℃ temperature ranges, with the NO reduction, generates the nitrogen G﹠W.A large amount of engineering practices facts have proved that the SNCR technology is very responsive to reaction temperature, reduce with temperature, and its reduction reaction Speed Reduction, thus make a large amount of reducing agents have little time reaction and the reduction denitration efficiency, increase reducing agent escape amount.But reaction temperature can not be too high, when temperature is higher than 1100 ℃, and NH
3Oxidation reaction speed surpass reduction reaction and play a leading role, thereby may cause NO
XConcentration of emission is higher than the benchmark concentration of emission.
CFBB has a very effective reducing agent and sprays into a little and mixing reactor-cyclone separator.Flue gas disturbance in the separator is strong, extremely is beneficial to realize mixing rapidly and uniformly between the reducing agent that sprays into and the flue gas, and gas flow paths is longer in the separator, and reducing agent obtains than long residence time at reaction zone.The combustion system special according to CFBB, in boiler operating mode at full capacity, the cigarette temperature at cyclone inlet place between 800 ℃～1000 ℃, SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope just.
Boiler load is one of key input parameter of SNCR system operation control.Boiler load reduces, and flue-gas temperature descends in the cyclone separator, when flue-gas temperature is lower than the minimum limit value of SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope with load decline, and the denitration reaction Speed Reduction, reducing agent escape amount increases, NH in the fume emission measured value
XDischarging exceeds standard, NH
3Discharging exceeds standard, and finally causes the SNCR system not move.Boiler load increases, and flue-gas temperature rises in the cyclone separator, when flue-gas temperature is higher than the ceiling value of SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope with load, and NH
3Oxidation reaction surpasses reduction reaction and plays a leading role, and also can cause NH in the fume emission measured value
XDischarging exceeds standard, NH
3Discharging exceeds standard, and the SNCR system can not move.In circulation cycle fluidized bed range of load fluctuation, flue-gas temperature generally can not be higher than the ceiling value of SNCR optimal reaction temperature, and therefore, the SNCR system operation problem of CFBB is more outstanding during underload.
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Summary of the invention
Technical problem: in order to solve the boiler load operation fluctuation problem that the operation of SNCR denitrating system exists when larger, the object of the invention provides a kind ofly can better control reducing agent escape amount, and the boiler load scope is wide, can satisfy requirements at the higher level NO
XDischarging realizes the normal reaction unit that is used for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system that moves of SNCR denitrating system.
A kind of reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system, comprise CFBB, horizontal flue, material-returning device, back-end ductwork, one side of CFBB respectively with horizontal flue, one end of material-returning device connects, the other end of horizontal flue is arranged back-end ductwork, horizontal flue, arrange cyclone separator between the other end of material-returning device, described cyclone separator comprises air inlet, cylindrical shell, cone, central tube, exhaust outlet, discharge gate, top one side of cylindrical shell is arranged the air inlet that is connected with horizontal flue, the top of cylindrical shell arranges the central tube that is connected with exhaust outlet one end, the other end of exhaust outlet is connected with back-end ductwork, the cone of shrinking is gradually formed at the bottom of cylindrical shell, cone arranges discharge gate away from an end of cylindrical shell, and the end of discharge gate connects material-returning device; The inwall of cylindrical shell is arranged the phase change heat storage material layer.
Cyclone separator is the critical component of CFBB main circulation loop, finishes the gas solid separation of dust-contained airflow, and the loopback of material of collecting to burner hearth, also be the critical component of SNCR denitrating system simultaneously, finish denitration reaction and reduce discharging NO
X, and purifying smoke delivered to back-end ductwork.The cyclone inlet section sprays into reducing agent, and separator disposed inboard phase change heat storage material layer is to increase the thermal inertia of cyclone separator integral body.
When boiler at low load moves, continue to reduce boiler load, the cyclone inlet flue-gas temperature reduces, so that break away from SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, phase change heat storage material layer (the being in liquid state) temperature of cyclone separator disposed inboard is higher than flue-gas temperature, heat-storing material (selected heat-storing material has larger latent heat of phase change and density) undergoes phase transition (it is solid that liquid becomes) and emits latent heat of phase change, flue gas absorbs rapidly this part heat, flue-gas temperature is increased to rapidly in the SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, flue gas fully mixes with reducing agent in the cyclone separator, and obtain enough time of staying, thereby guarantee denitration reaction efficient, control reducing agent escape amount.
When the boiler heavy-duty service, continue to improve boiler load, the cyclone inlet flue-gas temperature raises, phase change heat storage material layer (the being in liquid state) temperature of cyclone separator disposed inboard is lower than flue-gas temperature, heat-storing material (selected heat-storing material has high liquid phase specific heat, high heat conductance) absorbs rapidly amount of heat from flue gas, flue gas is emitted heat and temperature is reduced in the SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, flue gas fully mixes with reducing agent in the cyclone separator, and obtain enough time of staying, establishment NH
3Oxidation reaction, guarantee denitration reaction efficient, control reducing agent escape amount.
(when particularly boiler at low load moves) temperature fluctuation was conducive to the NO that reaches higher to the adverse effect of SNCR denitrating system when the present invention can effectively cut down the boiler load variation
XEmission request is controlled reducing agent escape amount better, can guarantee in broader boiler load scope, realizes the normal operation of SNCR denitrating system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cyclone separator among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of I section among Fig. 2.
Wherein: 1, CFBB, 2, the injection of reducing agent injection device, 3, cyclone separator, 4, material-returning device, 5, back-end ductwork, 3.1, air inlet, 3.2, cylindrical shell, 3.3, cone, 3.4, central tube, 3.5, exhaust outlet, 3.6, discharge gate, 3.7, the phase change heat storage material layer, 3.8, refractory masses, 3.9, steel plate, 3.10, heat-insulation layer.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated: the explanation of this part only is exemplary and explanatory, should any restriction not arranged to the protection domain of invention.
Such as Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2, a kind of reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system, comprise CFBB 1, horizontal flue, material-returning device 4, back-end ductwork 5, one side of CFBB 1 respectively with horizontal flue, one end of material-returning device 4 connects, the other end of horizontal flue is arranged back-end ductwork 5, horizontal flue, arrange cyclone separator 3 between the other end of material-returning device 4, described cyclone separator 3 comprises air inlet 3.1, cylindrical shell 3.2, cone 3.3, central tube 3.4, exhaust outlet 3.5, discharge gate 3.6, top one side of cylindrical shell 3.2 is arranged the air inlet 3.1 that is connected with horizontal flue, the top of cylindrical shell 3.2 arranges the central tube 3.4 that is connected with exhaust outlet 3.5 1 ends, the other end of exhaust outlet 3.5 is connected with back-end ductwork 5, the cone 3.3 of shrinking is gradually formed at the bottom of cylindrical shell 3.2, cone 3.3 arranges discharge gate 3.6 away from an end of cylindrical shell 3.2, and the end of discharge gate 3.6 connects material-returning device 4; The inwall of cylindrical shell 3.2 is arranged phase change heat storage material layer 3.7.
As shown in Figure 1, arrange injection of reducing agent injection device 2 in the horizontal flue of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 3, refractory masses 3.8 is arranged in the outside of phase change heat storage material layer 3.7 of the present invention.Refractory masses 3.8 of the present invention can adopt calcium silicate products or alumina silicate.
As shown in Figure 3, steel plate 3.9 is arranged in the outside of refractory masses 3.8 of the present invention.Steel plate 3.9 of the present invention can adopt the Q235 ordinary carbon steel.
As shown in Figure 3, heat-insulation layer 3.10 is arranged in the outside of steel plate 3.9 of the present invention.Heat-insulation layer 3.10 of the present invention can adopt rock or mineral wool product.
Phase change heat storage material layer of the present invention 3.7 is inner, and to fill the phase transition temperature scopes be wherein a kind of in 800 ℃～900 ℃ solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material villiaumite or the villiaumite eutectic mixture.
Phase change heat storage material layer 3.7 inner filling phase transition temperature scope of the present invention are 810 ℃～820 ℃ solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material LiF, CaF
2Or LiF-CaF
2Wherein a kind of in the eutectic thing.
The outside of solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material of the present invention is sealed by corrosion-resistant, anti abrasive high-temperature alloy material.
Certain 300MW CFBB adopts SNCR denitrating technique (referring to Fig. 1), exhaust gas volumn 1043500m under the BMCR operating mode
3/ h, NO
XConcentration 200mg/Nm
3(6% oxygen content, dry state), denitration efficiency 55%, flue gas NO after purifying
XConcentration 90mg/Nm
3Boiler load ruuning situation: 50%～110%BMCR moves about 16 hours/day, and flue-gas temperature is about 910 ℃～810 ℃ in the cyclone separator, and 40%～50%BMCR moves about 8 hours/day, and flue-gas temperature is about 810～790 ℃ in the cyclone separator.
Recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating technique schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, the flue gas that produces after the fuel combustion in the CFBB 1 enters cyclone separator 3 by horizontal flue, reducing agent (such as ammoniacal liquor, anhydrous ammonia, urea) sprays in the cyclone inlet section by injection of reducing agent injection device 2 and enters in the flue, in cyclone separator 3, fully mix with flue gas, in suitable SNCR denitration reaction temperature range, NO is removed in nitrogen oxide and reducing agent reaction
X, the flue gas after the purification is discharged through the cyclone separator top, enters back-end ductwork 5 and carries out heat exchange, is taken simultaneously out of solid material separated and collection in separator of boiler hearth of circulating fluidized bed by air-flow, sends burner hearth back to by material-returning device 4.
Cyclone separator structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, cyclone separator is comprised of air inlet 3.1, cylindrical shell 3.2, cone 3.3, central tube 3.4, exhaust outlet 3.5, discharge gate 3.6.Dusty gas tangentially enters separator by air inlet 3.1, and at separated space generation swirling motion, first from top to bottom rotate (being called outer eddy flow) along the separator wall, arrive cone 3.3 bottoms, Purge gas is circulated to become along the axle center by outward turning and rotates up (being called inward eddy), meanwhile, the SNCR denitration reaction is removed most of NO
X, Purge gas is discharged by central tube 3.4, exhaust outlet 3.5, and the particle in the air-flow is thrown to the separator wall under centrifugal action, arrive discharge gate 3.6 along wall under gravity and air-flow turning effort.
According to 800 ℃～1000 ℃ of different load cyclone separator of circulating fluidized bed boiler flue-gas temperature and SNCR optimal reaction temperature scopes, and consider that high load capacity is on the impact of SNCR operation less (flue-gas temperature is difficult to be higher than the ceiling value of SNCR optimal reaction temperature in the cyclone separator), and underload is on the impact of SNCR operation large (flue-gas temperature easily is lower than the minimum limit value of SNCR optimal reaction temperature in the cyclone separator), selects 800 ℃～900 ℃ of the phase transition temperature scopes of solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material.Phase change heat storage material can be selected villiaumite and villiaumite eutectic mixture, such as LiF, CaF
2Or LiF-CaF
2The eutectic thing, the mixing of the villiaumite by different melting points can obtain the heat storage medium of different phase transition temperatures.Phase change heat storage material is by corrosion-resistant, anti abrasive high-temperature alloy material or ceramic material sealing, and reservation heat-storing material phase change expansion space, thereby forms the phase change heat storage material layer.
When boiler at low load moves, continue to reduce boiler load, the cyclone inlet flue-gas temperature reduces, so that break away from SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, phase change heat storage material layer (the being in liquid state) temperature of cyclone separator disposed inboard is higher than flue-gas temperature, heat-storing material (selected heat-storing material has larger latent heat of phase change and density) undergoes phase transition (it is solid that liquid becomes) and emits latent heat of phase change, flue gas absorbs rapidly this part heat, flue-gas temperature is increased to rapidly in the SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, flue gas fully mixes with reducing agent in the cyclone separator, and obtain enough time of staying, thereby guarantee denitration reaction efficient, control reducing agent escape amount.
When the boiler heavy-duty service, continue to improve boiler load, the cyclone inlet flue-gas temperature raises, phase change heat storage material layer (the being in liquid state) temperature of cyclone separator disposed inboard is lower than flue-gas temperature, heat-storing material (selected heat-storing material has high liquid phase specific heat, high heat conductance) absorbs rapidly amount of heat from flue gas, flue gas is emitted heat and temperature is reduced in the SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, flue gas fully mixes with reducing agent in the cyclone separator, and obtain enough time of staying, establishment NH
3Oxidation reaction, guarantee denitration reaction efficient, control reducing agent escape amount.
When the boiler heavy-duty service, continue to improve boiler load, the cyclone inlet flue-gas temperature raises, phase change heat storage material layer (the being in liquid state) temperature of cyclone separator disposed inboard is lower than flue-gas temperature, heat-storing material (selected heat-storing material has high liquid phase specific heat, high heat conductance) absorbs rapidly amount of heat from flue gas, flue gas is emitted heat and temperature is reduced in the SNCR optimal reaction temperature scope, flue gas fully mixes with reducing agent in the cyclone separator, and obtain enough time of staying, establishment NH
3Oxidation reaction, guarantee denitration reaction efficient, control reducing agent escape amount.
Cyclone separator inwall as shown in Figure 3 consists of schematic diagram, and the cyclone separator inwall consists of by four layers, and the outside is successively from the flue side to cyclone separator: phase change heat storage material layer 3.7, refractory masses 3.8, steel plate 3.9, heat-insulation layer 3.10.The inner solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material LiF-CaF that fills of phase change heat storage material layer
2The eutectic thing, 810 ℃～820 ℃ of heat-storing material phase transition temperature scopes, the heat-storing material outside is sealed by corrosion-resistant, anti abrasive high-temperature alloy material, and reserves heat-storing material phase change expansion space about 25%.Adiabatic flame retardant coating can be selected calcium silicate products, aluminum silicate composite heat-insulating, and steel plate can be selected the ordinary carbon steels such as Q235, and heat-insulation layer is selected rock, mineral wool product etc.
When not adopting the cyclone separator among the present invention, in the time of in boiler load is in 40%～50%BMCR scope, the cyclone separator flue-gas temperature is lower than 810 ℃, and the SNCR denitrating system is out of service.After adopting the cyclone separator among the present invention, in the time of in boiler load is in 40%～50%BMCR scope, can guarantee that flue-gas temperature is not less than 810 ℃ in the cyclone separator, guarantee that the SNCR denitrating system normally moves, and compare before NO
XCER increases about 400 kg/day, worthwhile about 146 ton/years.
Claims (8)
1. reaction unit that is used for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system, comprise CFBB (1), horizontal flue, material-returning device (4), back-end ductwork (5), one side of CFBB (1) respectively with horizontal flue, one end of material-returning device (4) connects, the other end of horizontal flue is arranged back-end ductwork (5), it is characterized in that horizontal flue, arrange cyclone separator (3) between the other end of material-returning device (4), described cyclone separator (3) comprises air inlet (3.1), cylindrical shell (3.2), cone (3.3), central tube (3.4), exhaust outlet (3.5), discharge gate (3.6), top one side of cylindrical shell (3.2) is arranged the air inlet (3.1) that is connected with horizontal flue, the top of cylindrical shell (3.2) arranges the central tube (3.4) that is connected with exhaust outlet (3.5) one ends, the other end of exhaust outlet (3.5) is connected with back-end ductwork (5), the cone (3.3) of shrinking is gradually formed at the bottom of cylindrical shell (3.2), cone (3.3) arranges discharge gate (3.6) away from an end of cylindrical shell (3.2), and the end of discharge gate (3.6) connects material-returning device (4); The inwall of cylindrical shell (3.2) is arranged phase change heat storage material layer (3.7).
2. the reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that arranging in the above-mentioned horizontal flue injection of reducing agent injection device (2).
3. the reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that refractory masses (3.8) is arranged in the outside of above-mentioned phase change heat storage material layer (3.7).
4. the reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system according to claim 3 is characterized in that steel plate (3.9) is arranged in the outside of above-mentioned refractory masses (3.8).
5. the reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system according to claim 4 is characterized in that heat-insulation layer (3.10) is arranged in the outside of above-mentioned steel plate (3.9).
6. the reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inner phase transition temperature scope of filling of above-mentioned phase change heat storage material layer (3.7) is wherein a kind of in 800 ℃～900 ℃ solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material villiaumite or the villiaumite eutectic mixture.
7. the reaction unit for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system according to claim 6 is characterized in that the inner filling of above-mentioned phase change heat storage material layer (3.7) phase transition temperature scope is 810 ℃～820 ℃ solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material LiF, CaF
2Or LiF-CaF
2Wherein a kind of in the eutectic thing.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described reaction units for recirculating fluidized bed SNCR denitrating system, it is characterized in that the outside of above-mentioned solid-liquid phase change heat-storing material is sealed by high-temperature alloy material.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104258698A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration reducing agent injection system |
| CN105509081A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-04-20 | 杜梦凡 | System and process for denitration by spraying ammonia gas in large-sized boiler high-temperature flue gas area |
| CN105521693A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-27 | 尹国庆 | Apparatus and method for treating flue gas in glass kiln through selective non-catalytic reduction process (SNCR) |
| CN106268261A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-01-04 | 福建龙净环保股份有限公司 | A kind of method of SNCR denitrating flue gas |
| CN108295656A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-20 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of efficient catalytic denitrification apparatus of phase-change temperature control |
| CN108592016A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-28 | 清华大学 | A kind of low NOx drainage circulating fluidized bed boiler using high nitrogen biomass |
| CN115178070A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-14 | 江苏寅胜环保能源工程有限公司 | Heat-cycle self-powered desulfurization and denitration system and method |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104258698A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-07 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | SNCR (selective non-catalytic reduction) denitration reducing agent injection system |
| CN105521693A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-04-27 | 尹国庆 | Apparatus and method for treating flue gas in glass kiln through selective non-catalytic reduction process (SNCR) |
| CN105509081A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-04-20 | 杜梦凡 | System and process for denitration by spraying ammonia gas in large-sized boiler high-temperature flue gas area |
| CN105509081B (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2017-11-17 | 杜梦凡 | Spray ammonia denitrating system and denitrating technique in large-sized boiler high-temperature flue gas region |
| CN106268261A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-01-04 | 福建龙净环保股份有限公司 | A kind of method of SNCR denitrating flue gas |
| CN108295656A (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2018-07-20 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of efficient catalytic denitrification apparatus of phase-change temperature control |
| CN108295656B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2023-09-26 | 上海电力学院 | Phase-change temperature-control efficient catalytic denitration device |
| CN108592016A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-28 | 清华大学 | A kind of low NOx drainage circulating fluidized bed boiler using high nitrogen biomass |
| CN108592016B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2024-03-26 | 清华大学 | Low NOx emission circulating fluidized bed boiler for burning high-nitrogen biomass |
| CN115178070A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-10-14 | 江苏寅胜环保能源工程有限公司 | Heat-cycle self-powered desulfurization and denitration system and method |
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Application publication date: 20130320 |