CN102972557A - Method for producing instant tea powder by using steam explosion technology to treat tea raw materials - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing instant tea powder by using a steam explosion technology to treat tea raw materials. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-dissolving the tea raw materials such as tea leaves, tea stems and tea residue, performing steam explosion under the pressure of 0.8 to 1.8MPa, keeping the pressure for 0.5 to 5 times, collecting the steam explosion material, and performing purification, concentration and drying according to the state of a steam explosion system to produce the instant tea powder. The instant tea powder is produced through the steam explosion technology, so that automation of the process can be improved; and the conventional boiling production link is replaced by using the steam explosion, so that the production process is optimized, 10 to 30 percent of energy and 15 to 40 percent of water are reduced in the whole link of steam explosion, purification, concentration and rectification, the yield of the product is improved by 2 to 15 percent, the production cost is reduced by 10 to 30 percent, meanwhile, the production sources and space are saved, and the method plays an important role in saving energy, reducing emission and improving the economic benefits.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of new method of utilizing teas raw material steam blasting to produce instant tea powder, adopt steam blasting technique to replace traditional boiled process and finish tealeaves lixiviate link, and then optimize follow-up purification, concentration technology process for the quick-fried process stream characteristics of vapour, whole technical process reduces energy consumption, water consumption and production cost, improve tea powder product yield, realized efficient, energy-conservation, row and free of contamination target fall.
Background technology:
Instant tea is into samples tea or bright leaf is raw material by the novel product of a kind of Powdered or fragment shape or fine granularity that operation is processed into such as extracting, concentrated and dry.This product bath is instant, does not stay recrement, so must be called " instant tea ", is that the crystal block shape claims again " yellow quartz " because of profile also.Because instant tea kept the original color of tealeaves substantially, and possessing simultaneously nutrition, the characteristics such as convenient, healthy, graceful and deeply be subjected to liking of external many consumers, is external current the most popular a kind of beverage.
Progress along with science and technology, people obtain in-depth to the economic worth of tealeaves and the understanding of physiological function, especially the intervention of medical science pharmacy, concentrate the relation of having studied tea and health, profoundly having disclosed tea has pharmacodynamic feature, thereby has more promoted advancing of instant tea treatment cardiovascular disease, the aspect such as anti-oxidant, anti-ageing and antitumor; Simultaneously oneself becomes healthy food or the beverage of comparison fashion because tea and other natural plants are carried out product that reasonable compatibility forms as raw material, thereby has also advanced widely the industrial production of instant tea.Because instant tea industry obtains integrated use so that tea making, biochemistry, seasoning, spices, pharmacy, medical science etc. are multidisciplinary, concurrent spread has become a kind of new deep processing subject, and the research and development in this field have become most active research contents in tealeaves and even the whole beverage ambit.Because instant tea has been taken contemporary chemical industry basic equipment, and the biochemical basic principle of utilization tealeaves, adopt the mature experience of tea making and beverage double technique, thereby be easy to realize serialization production, and possessing the primary condition that realizes process fully automation, automatic control, it will promote the modernization of Tea Production effectively.
Tea beverage is called as " new age beverages " from a long-term point of view in the world, is the product that can contend with soda, is characterized in natural, health care and can quenches one's thirst, and meets the modern and advocates natural, as to pursue health care consumer psychology demand.China is the native place of tea, has the developing history in more than 4000 year.Elder generation are take tea as carrier, centered by China, propagate the bag tea culture to countries in the world and area, have strengthened China and contacting all over the world, have promoted interchange and friendship, have promoted the development of Chinese science and technology, economy, culture.
Summary of the invention:
Utilization of the present invention is carried out the tea raw material preliminary treatment and then is produced instant tea powder in the widely used steam blasting technology of biomass resource development field, the steam blasting technology is about to infilter by micropore the high pressure pressure saturation vapour abrupt release of plant tissue inside, in the 0.00875s scope, dodge quick-fried to atmospheric pressure.In the steam blasting process, energy density is high and concentrated, and steam molecule can be penetrated between the large biological molecule, can on large molecular level material decomposed fully.When vapour is quick-fried, tealeaves (explosion matter) is placed in the pressure blast chamber, utilize plant top layer micropore and organize the space, the high pressure saturation vapour is penetrated into plant tissue inside, after inside plants pressure and container pressure balance, moment, vapour was quick-fried, pressure drop is atmospheric pressure, so that major part is stored in the high pressure saturation vapour of inside plants, inside and outside differential pressure do with under finish the acting of expanding, more effective destruction tea plant organization internal structure is finished plant cell wall lignin, cellulose, the segmentation of the tissue such as hemicellulose and sugar chain separates, and greatly improves Tea Polyphenols in Tea, the extraction efficiency of the active principles such as catechin; Adopt steam blasting technique to replace traditional boiled process and finish tealeaves lixiviate link, process water significantly reduces, leaching liquor concentration improves 10%～30%, material moisture is reduced to 80%～50% by 97%～90% of former technique after the lixiviate, and then follow-up purification, the comprehensively optimization of concentration technology process, processing cost and energy consumption significantly reduce by 10%～20%, final whole production technology is compared water consumption with traditional cooking process and has been reduced by 15%～40%, Energy Intensity Reduction 10%～30%, quantity of wastewater effluent reduces by 10%～35%, and whole process procedure is efficient, energy-conservation, reduction of discharging, pollution-free.
A kind of method of utilizing steam blasting technical finesse teas raw material to produce instant tea powder may further comprise the steps:
(1) raw materials such as tealeaves, tea stalk, tea grounds is carried out pre-molten processing;
(2) carrying out autoclave through the raw material after (1) processing intermittently steams quick-fried processing or makes pressure continuous steam explosion treatment;
(3) system after (2) vapour is quick-fried obtains to be rich in the quick-fried liquid of vapour of the active ingredient such as Tea Polyphenols through solid-liquid separation process;
(4) it is concentrated the quick-fried liquid of vapour after (3) processing to be carried out step-down rectifying;
(5) process the quick-fried concentrate of vapour afterwards through (4), adopt the modes such as freeze drying or spray-drying to produce the instant tea powder product.
Wherein said tealeaves can be fresh tea passes, stem tea.
Wherein said pre-molten treatment process its objective is that the materials such as cellulose in the raw material cell walls such as making tealeaves or tea grounds and hemicellulose have obtained sufficient swelling in pre-molten processing procedure, can significantly improve the quick-fried effect of vapour in the material steam blasting process.
Further, employed pre-solubility temperature is 45～75 ℃ in the pre-molten treatment process of the dry raw materials such as tealeaves, and pre-solution is ethanol water, and the ethanol mass concentration is 0%～55%, the mass ratio of pre-solution and dried tea raw material is 1:1～6:1, and the pre-molten time is 0.5～12 hour.
Taking autoclave intermittently to steam quick-fried processing, continuous screw extruding or reciprocating type making through the tea raw material after the pre-molten processing presses steam blasting to process.The autoclave intermittently quick-fried testing stand of vapour can realize that the Alternative parameters such as steam pressure, vapour detonation pressure power, the quick-fried temperature of vapour, dwell time independently adjust, and any combination is done widely the quick-fried engineer testing of vapour to tealeaves and determined optimum process combination; In the quick-fried process of vapour, the explosive material to be steamed of 0.5～15L is encased in the reactor, sets the quick-fried dwell time of vapour, then open steam valve, to material heat up, pressurization, when reaching setting-up time, equipment draws quick-fried, the material moment in the reactor produces in the separator;
Integrated making continuously press to be steamed quick-fried device and adopted tealeaves to enter Screw Extrusion to make press, through preheating, dipping, rubbing and pulverizing, pass into the steam of HTHP, rapid permeability is inner to material, temperature of charge is risen rapidly, make steam pressure balance in material organization internal pressure and the chamber.Material is pushed and advances, control ribbon rotational speed regulation residence time of material.After material arrives and spurts the place, the quick-fried quick-fried process of vapour of finishing of moment spray.
Further, the quick-fried processing mode of wherein said vapour is, steam is kept and burst pressure is 0.8～1.8MPa, and the dimension pressure time is 0.5～5 minute.
Further, the system after vapour is quick-fried is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid by the mode of centrifugal or plate-frame filtering while hot and is obtained cooking liquor.
In the centrifugal process the quick-fried mixture of the vapour behind the steam blasting is transported in the separation centrifuges by transfer canal, in-built filter bag, control centrifuge speed 2000rpm～4000 rpm, keep 5～15 min, the washing lotion mouth adds 45～75 ℃ of ethanol waters, and the ethanol mass concentration is 0%～25%, and the adding quality is 0.5～3 times of amount of dry matter, after mixing solid is carried out again centrifugally, clear up recrement after repeating 1～3 time.
Plate-frame filtering is that the quick-fried mixture of the vapour behind the steam blasting is transported in the plate and frame filter press by transfer canal.The concentration of solid particles of the quick-fried mixture of vapour that is fit to is 15%～35%, and operating pressure is 0.5～1.5 MPa.By charging pump the quick-fried mixture of vapour is pressed into filter chamber, forms filter residue at filter cloth, then add 0.5～3 times of quality ethanol water of 45～75 ℃ of dries, the ethanol mass concentration is 0%～25%, after mixing solid is filtered again, repeats 1～3 time.
Further, the technique taked of the concentration technique of the quick-fried liquid of vapour is that rotary evaporation in vacuo is concentrated.The rotary evaporation in vacuo concentration technology utilizes cold boiler the quick-fried liquid of vapour to be carried out the technique of efficient concentration, keep more than vacuum 500 mmHg in the process that rotary evaporation in vacuo concentrates, thickening temperature is 30 ℃～55 ℃, and concentrated rear solid quality content is 15%～45% of total concentrate quality.
Advantage of the present invention
The inventive method both can finished tea, brick tea is raw material, also can further utilize the waste resources such as fannings, tea grounds and tea stalk, obtained the quick-fried treatment fluid of vapour through preliminary treatment and the advanced steam blasting technique of cleaning, obtained the tea concentrate through the purifying after optimizing and concentration technology processing, further drying has been produced the instant tea powder product.The compact easy operating of whole technique, raw material wide material sources and low production cost, economic worth is high, has also reduced agro-industry discarded object pollution on the environment simultaneously, produces to have sustainability.
The innovation of the inventive method be in: in the technique conversion process, adopt steam blasting technique to replace traditional boiled process and finish tealeaves lixiviate link, the more effective organization structure of the plant of breaking, improved the concentration of extraction rate and the leaching liquor of active principle, process water significantly reduces, leaching liquor concentration improves 10%～30%, material moisture is reduced to 80%～50% by 97%～90% of former technique after the lixiviate, and then follow-up purification, the concentration technology process is optimized comprehensively, processing cost and energy consumption significantly reduce by 10%～20%, final whole production technology is compared water consumption with traditional cooking process and has been reduced by 15%～40%, Energy Intensity Reduction 10%～30%, quantity of wastewater effluent reduces by 10%～35%, has realized efficient, energy-conservation, row and free of contamination target are fallen.
The specific embodiment
Mode by following examples further specifies the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Concrete steps and the technological parameter of present embodiment are as follows:
Select the dry green tea materials 1kg of food-grade to carry out pre-molten processing, pre-solubility temperature is 50 ℃, and pre-solution is ethanol water, ethanol mass concentration 35%, and solution is 3:1 with the mass fraction ratio of stem tea raw material, the pre-molten time is half an hour;
Raw material after the water-soluble processing carries out autoclave and intermittently steams quick-fried processing, the 4kg mixed material is put into tube for feed be encased in the quick-fried reactor of vapour, set 90 seconds quick-fried dwell times of vapour behind the valve-off, open steam valve, material is heated, pressurizeed, setting pressure 1.0MPa to be reached, the timing dimension is pressed, and in the time of 90 seconds, equipment draws quick-fried, obtain the quick-fried mixture of vapour, its mass of solid particles concentration is 29.7%;
The quick-fried rear system of vapour is transported in the separation centrifuges, and rotating speed 2500 rpm keep 10 min, then adds 50 ℃ of ethanol water 0.6L, and the ethanol mass concentration is 10%, mixes solid to be carried out again centrifugal afterwards, repeats to clear up recrement behind the aforesaid operations 2 times; The quick-fried liquid 3.52L of vapour after the collection and purification, wherein active ingredient Tea Polyphenols concentration is 24.2g/L, carry out evaporation and concentration to purifying the quick-fried liquid of vapour, utilize cold boiler that the quick-fried liquid of vapour is carried out efficient concentration, vacuum-0.08Mpa, temperature is 45 ℃, volume is 1.1L after concentrated, and solid content 28% in the concentrate, carries out vacuum freeze drying and processes concentrate, obtain instant tea powder 269g, its active ingredient Tea Polyphenols quality accounts for 25.6% of tea powder.
Embodiment 2
Concrete steps and the technological parameter of present embodiment are as follows:
Select food-grade fannings raw material (Xihu Longjing Tea newly picked and processed tea leaves fannings end) 500g, raw material is carried out pre-molten processing, pre-solubility temperature is 65 ℃, and pre-solution is water, and solution is 1:1 with the mass fraction ratio of stem tea raw material, and the pre-molten time is 6 hours;
Raw material after the water-soluble processing carries out autoclave and intermittently steams quick-fried processing, mixed material is encased in the quick-fried reactor of vapour, set 120 seconds quick-fried dwell times of vapour behind the valve-off, open steam valve, material is heated, pressurizeed, setting pressure 1.5MPa to be reached, the timing dimension is pressed, and in the time of 120 seconds, equipment draws quick-fried, obtain the quick-fried mixture of vapour, its mass of solid particles concentration is 32.3%;
The quick-fried rear system of vapour is transported to separation centrifuges, in the filter bag of packing into, and speed setting 3000 rpm, then centrifugation time 8 min add 40 ℃ of water 0.5L, mix solid to be carried out again centrifugal afterwards, repeat to clear up recrement behind the aforesaid operations 1 time; The quick-fried liquid 1.82L of vapour after the collection and purification, wherein active ingredient Tea Polyphenols concentration is 19.8g/L, carry out evaporation and concentration to purifying the quick-fried liquid of vapour, utilize cold boiler that the quick-fried liquid of vapour is carried out efficient concentration, vacuum-0.07Mpa, temperature is 55 ℃, volume is 0.33L after concentrated, and solid content 31.2% in the concentrate, carries out the spray drying treatment concentrate, obtain instant tea powder 129g, its active ingredient Tea Polyphenols quality accounts for 27.4% of tea powder.
Embodiment 3
Concrete steps and the technological parameter of present embodiment are as follows:
Select tea stalk raw material (Fujian Anxi Tieguanyin Tea green tea tea stalk) 10kg to carry out pre-molten processing, pre-solubility temperature is 45 ℃, and pre-solution is ethanol water, ethanol mass concentration 10%, and solution is 1:1 with the mass fraction ratio of stem tea raw material, the pre-molten time is 10 hours;
Prepared using continuous screw after the water-soluble processing is made to press and is steamed quick-fried processing, mixed material is conveyed into Screw Extrusion makes press, set 180 seconds quick-fried dwell times of vapour, setting pressure 1.2MPa opens steam valve, passing into high temperature and high pressure steam heats, pressurizes material, setting pressure to be reached, the timing dimension is pressed, and equipment drew quick-fried in 180 seconds, obtain the quick-fried mixture of vapour, its mass of solid particles concentration is 34.8%;
The quick-fried mixture of vapour behind the steam blasting is transported in the plate and frame filter press, be to filter under the 0.55MPa condition at operating pressure, form filter residue at filter cloth, then add 45 ℃ of ethanol water 5.5L, the ethanol mass concentration is 15%, after mixing solid is filtered again, repeat to clear up recrement behind the aforesaid operations 1 time; The quick-fried liquid 16.3L of vapour after the collection and purification, carry out evaporation and concentration to purifying the quick-fried liquid of vapour, utilize cold boiler that the quick-fried liquid of vapour is carried out efficient concentration, vacuum-0.075Mpa, temperature is 40 ℃, concentrated rear volume is 3.5L, solid content 27.3% in the concentrate, carry out the spray drying treatment concentrate, obtain instant tea powder 885g, its active ingredient Tea Polyphenols quality accounts for 19.6% of tea powder.
Claims (6)
1. a method of utilizing steam blasting technical finesse tea raw material to produce instant tea powder is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) tealeaves, tea stalk, tea grounds, brick tea or fannings raw material are carried out pre-molten processing;
(2) carrying out autoclave through the raw material after (1) processing intermittently steams quick-fried processing, continuous screw extruding or makes the quick-fried processing of pressure continuous steam these vapour of explosion;
(3) system after (2) vapour is quick-fried obtains to be rich in the quick-fried liquid of vapour of the active ingredient such as Tea Polyphenols through solid-liquid separation process;
(4) it is concentrated the quick-fried liquid of vapour after (3) processing to be carried out step-down rectifying;
(5) process the quick-fried concentrate of vapour afterwards through (4), adopt the modes such as freeze drying or spray-drying to produce the instant tea powder product.
2. according to claim 1 method, wherein said tealeaves is fresh tea passes or stem tea.
3. method according to claim 1, the pre-solubility temperature of wherein said pre-molten processing is 45～75 ℃, and pre-solution is ethanol water, and the ethanol mass concentration is 0%～55%, the mass ratio of pre-solution and raw material is 1:1～6:1, and the pre-molten time is 0.5～12 hour.
4. method according to claim 1, the quick-fried processing steam of described vapour is kept and burst pressure is 0.8～1.8MPa, and the dimension pressure time is 0.5～5 minute.
5. method according to claim 1, the system after vapour is quick-fried is carried out Separation of Solid and Liquid by the mode of centrifugal or plate-frame filtering while hot and is obtained cooking liquor.
6. method according to claim 1 utilizes the quick-fried liquid step-down of the vapour rectifying after rotary evaporation in vacuo concentration technology mode is processed (3) concentrated; Keep below the air pressure 0.07MPa in the process that the rotary evaporation in vacuo concentration technology concentrates, thickening temperature is 30 ℃～55 ℃, and concentrated rear solid quality content is 15%～45% of total concentrate quality.
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