CN102972384A - Intelligent meloidogyne drip-irrigation preventing device - Google Patents
Intelligent meloidogyne drip-irrigation preventing device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent meloidogyne drip-irrigation preventing device, comprising an ozone generating device, a refrigerator, a heat exchanger, a liquid collecting tank and a liquid storage tank, wherein the heat exchanger is provided with a circulating water inlet, a circulating water outlet, two cooling inlets and one cooling outlet; a water outlet of the refrigerator is communicated with the circulating water inlet of the heat exchanger, and a water return port of the refrigerator is communicated with the circulating water outlet of the heat exchanger; an outlet of a filter is communicated with an air inlet of the ozone generator; an air outlet of the ozone generator is communicated with one cooling inlet of the heat exchanger by a first electromagnetic valve; the ozone generator is electrically connected with an ozone generation controller; the other cooling inlet of the heat exchanger is connected with pure water by a second electromagnetic valve; a liquid inlet of the liquid collecting tank is communicated with the cooling outlet of the heat exchanger and the liquid storage tank; a liquid-feeding electromagnetic valve is arranged between the liquid inlet of the liquid collecting tank and the liquid storage tank; and oxygen-dissolved plant extract is obtained by plant extract and ozone water under low temperature. The intelligent meloidogyne drip-irrigation preventing device adopts the oxygen-dissolved plant extract to prevent meloidogyne and has the advantages of good preventing effect and no pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equipment of preventing and treating the root nematode, specifically, relate to a kind of intelligent root nematode drip irrigation control device.
Background technology
The expansion of winter warm type vegetable growing area, for many years continuous cropping, the excessive chemical fertilizer of using are the main causes that causes the soil-borne disease of root nematode to be on the rise.Vegetable root nematode main harm root, the outstanding behaviours of symptom are that the root at solanaceous vegetableses such as tomato, eggplant, capsicums forms beading, size like the large root knot of the grain of rice, then form the block root knot of enlargement at the lateral root of beans and gourd vegetables.Because root is injured, carry the ability of nutrient and moisture to descend, or the jaundice of Plant Leaf look thin out, plant are short and small, a little less than the growth potential, are injured when serious, plant can wilt, withered.The various vegetables such as normal harm sponge gourd, cucumber, sponge gourd, balsam pear, muskmelon, custard squash, tomato, eggplant, capsicum, the serious underproduction is more than 60%, even total crop failure.
Simultaneously, the root nematode is also increased the weight of the occurrence and harm of the soil-borne diseases such as melon and fruit dish fusarium wilt, root rot, and root nematode disease has become vegetable growing and produced the most serious a kind of " cancer ", has seriously hindered the development that pollution-free vegetable produces.
Because root nematode host range is wide, occurs in again in the soil, brings very big difficulty to control.At present, chemical control is still the topmost prophylactico-therapeutic measures of phytotrophy root nematode disease evil, but there are the problems such as large, the residual height of toxicity, cost are high, easily contaminated environment, Environmental compatibility be relatively poor in nematocide.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is for above deficiency, provides a kind of intelligent root nematode drip irrigation pollution-free, that control efficiency is good to prevent and treat device.
For overcoming the above problems, the technology used in the present invention mode is: intelligent root nematode drip irrigation control device, and it is characterized in that: described control device comprises ozone generating-device, refrigerator, heat exchanger, liquid collecting tank, fluid reservoir;
Heat exchanger is provided with circulating water intake, circulating water outlet, two cooling imports and a coolant outlet;
The delivery port of refrigerator is communicated with the circulating water intake of heat exchanger, and the water return outlet of refrigerator is communicated with the circulating water outlet of heat exchanger;
Ozone generating-device comprises filter, air pump, ozone generator and ozone generator controller, the outlet of filter is communicated with the air inlet of ozone generator through air pump, gas outlet first magnetic valve of ozone generator is communicated with a cooling import of heat exchanger, and ozone generator is electrically connected with the ozone generator controller;
Another cooling import of heat exchanger connects pure water through the second magnetic valve;
Liquid collecting tank is provided with inlet and liquid outlet; The inlet of liquid collecting tank is communicated with the coolant outlet of heat exchanger, fluid reservoir; Be provided with liquid inlet electromagnetic valve between the inlet of liquid collecting tank and the fluid reservoir;
Fill plant extraction liquid in the fluid reservoir.
As further improvement in the technical proposal:
Described fluid reservoir comprises the first fluid reservoir and the second fluid reservoir; Liquid inlet electromagnetic valve comprises the 3rd magnetic valve, the 4th magnetic valve; The 3rd magnetic valve is connected between the inlet of the first fluid reservoir and liquid collecting tank; The 4th magnetic valve is connected between the inlet of the second fluid reservoir and liquid collecting tank.
Described the first magnetic valve, the second magnetic valve, the 3rd magnetic valve, the 4th magnetic valve are electrically connected with proportional controller;
Proportional controller is according to the ratio of ozone, pure water, the first fluid reservoir implants extract and the second fluid reservoir implants extract set, control the first magnetic valve, the second magnetic valve, the 3rd magnetic valve, the action of the 4th magnetic valve, the first fluid reservoir implants extract, the second fluid reservoir implants extract and cooled Ozone Water in the liquid collecting in-tank mixing, are carried out drip irrigation through the liquid outlet of liquid collecting tank to vegetables.
Described plant extraction liquid for will 200 parts fresh of born sub-fruits, 40 parts of lycopod careless 15 parts and melia toosendan skins, get juice through mechanical presses, add again 10 parts of powdered glucoses and pure water to be mixed with plant extraction liquid, the percentage by weight of juice is 5%-10%.
Fill percentage by weight in described the first fluid reservoir and be 5% plant extraction liquid.
Fill percentage by weight in described the second fluid reservoir and be 10% plant extraction liquid.
The present invention takes above technical scheme, compared with prior art, have the following advantages: plant extraction liquid and Ozone Water are obtained the dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid at low temperatures, adopt this dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid control root nematode, its active component such as organic acid, glyceric acid, polypeptidase etc. can penetrate and protect wax layer and outer endepidermis layer arrival dermal cell, the decomposition of inhibition dermal cell and synthetic causes dermal cell generation physiological to change, and affects normal physiological function.Make root nematode larval digest and decompose of endepidermis layer in the old epidermis in the process of casting off a skin, and synthetic, the secretion of new epidermis and deposition forming process can't normally be finished smoothly, the old epidermis of final appearance is difficult to slough off, the new thin soft various lopsided symptom of epidermis, and control efficiency is good, pollution-free; Proportional controller is according to the ratio of ozone, pure water, the first fluid reservoir implants extract and the second fluid reservoir implants extract set, control the first magnetic valve, the second magnetic valve, the 3rd magnetic valve, the action of the 4th magnetic valve, with the first fluid reservoir implants extract, the second fluid reservoir implants extract and cooled Ozone Water in the liquid collecting in-tank mixing, through liquid outlet vegetables are carried out drip irrigation, realize intelligent.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the front portion structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention medium-height trestle;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the rear structure schematic diagram of embodiment of the invention medium-height trestle;
Accompanying drawing 3 is the connection diagram of control device in the embodiment of the invention;
Among the figure,
The 1-support, 2-refrigerator, 3-heat exchanger, 4-liquid collecting tank, 5-the first fluid reservoir, 6-the second fluid reservoir, 7-filter, 8-air pump, 9-ozone generator, 10-ozone generator controller, 11-the first magnetic valve, 12-the second magnetic valve, 13-the 3rd magnetic valve, 14-the 4th magnetic valve, 15-proportional controller.
Embodiment
Embodiment, such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, intelligent root nematode drip irrigation control device comprises support 1, support 1 is provided with ozone generating-device, refrigerator 2, heat exchanger 3, liquid collecting tank 4 and fluid reservoir, fills plant extraction liquid in the fluid reservoir;
Liquid collecting tank 4 is provided with three inlets and a liquid outlet;
The inlet of liquid collecting tank 4 is communicated with coolant outlet, the fluid reservoir of heat exchanger 3; Be provided with liquid inlet electromagnetic valve between the inlet of liquid collecting tank 4 and the fluid reservoir;
The delivery port of refrigerator 2 is communicated with the circulating water intake of heat exchanger 3, and the water return outlet of refrigerator 2 is communicated with the circulating water outlet of heat exchanger 3;
Ozone generating-device comprises filter 7, air pump 8, ozone generator 9 and ozone generator controller 10, the outlet of filter 7 is communicated with through the air inlet of air pump 8 with ozone generator 9, gas outlet first magnetic valve 11 of ozone generator 9 is communicated with a cooling import of heat exchanger 3, and ozone generator 9 is electrically connected with ozone generator controller 10;
Another cooling import of heat exchanger 3 connects pure water through the second magnetic valve 12, and ozone and pure water obtain Ozone Water at heat exchanger 3 interior combination coolings;
Fluid reservoir comprises the first fluid reservoir 5 and the second fluid reservoir 6; Liquid inlet electromagnetic valve comprises the 3rd magnetic valve 13, the 4th magnetic valve 14;
The first fluid reservoir 5 is through an inlet of the 3rd magnetic valve 13 connected set flow containers 4; The second fluid reservoir 6 is through another inlet of the 4th magnetic valve 14 connected set flow containers 4; The 3rd inlet of liquid collecting tank 4 is communicated with the coolant outlet of heat exchanger 3;
The first magnetic valve 11, the second magnetic valve 12, the 3rd magnetic valve 13, the 4th magnetic valve 14 is electrically connected with proportional controller 15, proportional controller 15 is according to the ozone of setting, pure water, the ratio of the first fluid reservoir 5 implants extracts and the second fluid reservoir 6 implants extracts, control the first magnetic valve 11, the second magnetic valve 12, the 3rd magnetic valve 13, the action of the 4th magnetic valve 14, with cooled ozone and pure water mixture, the first fluid reservoir 5 implants extracts and the second fluid reservoir 6 implants extracts obtain the dissolved oxygen vegetation water and through the liquid outlet of liquid collecting tank 4 vegetables are carried out drip irrigation in liquid collecting tank 4 interior mixing.
Get the material of following weight portion:
Get 40 parts of 200 parts fresh of born sub-fruits, 15 parts of fresh lycopod grass and fresh melia toosendan skins, get juice by mechanical presses, add 10 parts of powdered glucoses and pure water again and be mixed with plant extraction liquid, the percentage by weight of juice is 5%-10%.
Fill percentage by weight in the first fluid reservoir 5 and be 5% plant extraction liquid, fill percentage by weight in the second fluid reservoir 6 and be 10% plant extraction liquid, can be as required by the consumption of proportional controller 15 control the first fluid reservoir 5 implants extracts and the second fluid reservoir 6 implants extracts.
Ozone Water under plant extraction liquid and the low-temperature condition is mixed to get the dissolved oxygen vegetation water.
With upper member, be known products, can buy in market.
Test shows, take air as raw material, the ozone that produces under the frequency conversion high pressure conditions is colourless gas under the normal temperature and pressure, when concentration reaches 15%, be light blue, be slightly soluble in water, find by comparative trial repeatedly, the different solubility of ozone in water under different temperatures, under the low-temperature condition, the solvability of ozone in water is high, and ozone is the solvability under the condition of different temperatures such as following table in water;
| Temperature (℃) | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 |
| Solvability (mg/L) | 1.13 | 0.78 | 0.57 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.10 |
Ozone is a kind of very strong oxidant, after ozone is water-soluble, can direct oxidation decompose the necessary enzyme of pathogenic microorganism internal oxidation glucose at vegetable surface, thereby the cell membrane of destroy microorganisms kills pathogenic microorganism.Test shows: the Ozone Water of 0.80 mg/L can be killed the intractable germs such as airborne gemma.Ozone sterilization and chemical pesticide sterilization relatively it is advantageous that there is not any medicament residue in the organism do not have secondary pollution.
Test shows that ozone is water insoluble under the normal temperature state, and the different solubility of ozone in water under different low-temperature conditions in order to improve the concentration of Ozone Water, is controlled at water temperature first about 7-8 ℃, the O that again ozone generator is produced
3Be filled with in the water at low temperature, solvability reaches 0.7mg/L, and pathogenic microbe killing has preferably effect.
Proportional controller selects to adopt " MC68HC908AP64 " microcontroller of the up-to-date research and development of Motorola; Bus operating frequency 8M,, 64k flash memory, 8 road 10bit analog input mouths, 4 road timer input, 8 bit data bus, a common SCI port, an infrared SCI port, a SPI port, a general Parallel I/O port possesses and interrupts and multiple reset mode.This function of the MCU is powerful, and extended capability is abundant, has expanded 5 digital quantity input ports by other logic chips, 5 analog input ports and 4 expansion slot.
The control efficiency of dissolved oxygen vegetation water is tested in the 4-7 month in 2011 and is carried out at Shandong Province vegetables engineering research institute ecological laboratory, and pot experiment was carried out at high-tech vegetables Technology Park, Shouguang City demonstration booth in the 8-11 month in 2010.
Experimental instrument
One of light microscope, one in electron microscope, 10 of glass culture dishs, 2 of disecting microscopes, 1 of electronic balance, 12 pairs of rubber glovess, each 2 in 10 to 20 times magnifying glass, 1 kilogram in paraffin, 20 on blade, 5 of tweezers, 10 in 100mL, 200mL measuring cup are produced two of the cauldrons of plant extraction liquid, 10 of miniaturised nebulisers (800mL), 1 of pesticide sprayer (5KG), acetone 100mL, two of 100 purpose screen packs, 5 of balances etc.
Soil sample is taked in being extracted near the serious green house of vegetables of the knot of Shouguang vegetables science and technology demonstration root eelworm harm of test material and vegetation water, is seeded to the enterprising pedestrian worker's breeding of tomato seedling.From infecting the fresh egg capsule of tomato old complaint picking of root nematode, place culture dish (d=6cm), 1 of the moistening filter paper of ware heelpiece places 25 ± 1 ℃ incubator, and when treating behind 5～7d that the ovum hatching produces a large amount of 2 instar larvae, collection root nematode is for subsequent use.Get old complaint more consistent egg capsule of picking size under anatomical lens, the clorox surface sterilization 3-4min with 1%, rinsed with sterile water 4-5 time, for subsequent use.
Get 5%, 10% plant extraction liquid and 5%, 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water and 1.8% Avermectin, 20% nematode compares test only.
Test method
In the greenhouse of Shouguang high-tech vegetables Demonstration Garden, collect the larvae and eggs of root nematode, test the numerous foster generation of indoor culture dish after, select 2 day old larva of growing neat and consistent and the ovum of 4 ages in days and carry out following comparative trial.
1, the test of root nematode larval
The root nematode larval of selecting 2 ages in days of growing neat and consistent is 27 ℃ in room temperature, air humidity is under 34% the same environmental condition, medicine with heterogeneity and content carries out the polypide spray testing, be advisable to medicine by even spraying with polypide, control group is the normal development state of larva under same environmental condition, processes and each 4 times repetitions of contrast.
Add 50 root nematodes in each culture dish (d=2.5cm, 12 orifice plates), process and add respectively that 5% vegetation water, 10% vegetation water, 5% dissolved oxygen vegetation water, 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water, 1.8% Avermectin, 20% nematode are clean, control group adds the 3mL aqua sterilisa.Process and each 4 times repetitions of contrast.Be positioned in 25 ℃ of incubators, behind the 48h with the dead quantity of needle contact method microscopy root nematode, to control rate such as the following table of vegetables root nematode in two ages:
Test shows, different medicaments have different effects to the change ovum that suppresses the root nematode larval, be sprayed onto polypide with 5%, 10% dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid after, larva shows as mobility and reduces gradually, is chronic death; And other reagent sprays are behind polypide, and most polypides are subject to being dead state in the short time behind the drug effect.And by comparative trial, take 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water as best effectively concentration, surpassing 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water, concentration is not directly proportional with effect.In this process, play a part very importantly after the ozone under the low-temperature condition is water-soluble, ozone can be cleared up the periostracum of chorion, protein degradation, thus vegetation water is infected, and root nematode substance in vivo is destroyed utilization fully.
2, the test of root line eggs
The ovum of selecting 4 ages in days of growing neat and consistent is 27 ℃ in room temperature, air humidity is with behind 500 times of the drug dilutions of heterogeneity under 34% the same environmental condition, carry out the polypide droplet test, control group is the normal development under the same environmental condition, hatch number at 2,6,10 and 14 d by dissecting the Microscopic observation ovum respectively, and the inhibiting rate of calculating egg capsule hatching, result such as following table:
Test shows, by the ovum of growing 4 ages in days being carried out the polypide droplet test of different medicaments, through 2,6,10 and the observation of 14d find that all processed group have in various degree inhibitory action to southern root line eggs hatching.10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water inhibitory action is the most obvious during 14d, inhibiting rate is up to 81.32%, be higher than the independent vegetation water of same concentrations and dissolved oxygen water, and variable concentrations vegetation water liquid has been compared significant difference to the inhibiting rate of southern root knot root line eggs hatching with dissolved oxygen vegetation water Combined Processing.Behind plant extraction liquid drop oophyte, the Development of egg performance slowly, and is dead gradually in the incomplete process of casting off a skin.And after other component medicament point dripped to oophyte, the mobility of oophyte just began to descend at short notice, then began death.
The microsection manufacture of test polypide epidermis
To the Toxicity Analysis of 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water, to the polypide of different medicament dripping-drop atomizations after 144 hours, carry out microsection manufacture for further, the chamber microscopic examination is analyzed by experiment.
1, paraffin section is made: to the larva of processing 2 ages in days with 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water and other medicament drops, the lopsided polypide that symptom just occurs is fixed with the picric acid fixer, the paraffin in the whole cross section of polypide is cut into slices, with haematine-Yihong double staining, the terpineol dehydration is transparent, the situation of tissues observed structural change after the mounting.Control group is selected under same environmental conditions identical with the teratoid egg developmental stage, and the polypide crosscut of spraying without plant extraction liquid compares observation.
2, the making of ultra-thin section and viewed in transmittance: the larva of processing 2 age in days vegetables with 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop, the lopsided larva that getting to cast off a skin enters 7 ages in days, dissecting body wall fixes with glutaraldehyde-osmic acid, ethanol dehydration, epoxy resin embedding, ultra-thin section amplifies the tissue growth situation that 3000---5000 doubly observes body wall dermal cell and inside and outside epidermal structure with transmission electron microscope.Control group is selected under same environmental conditions and is observed with the 7 day old larva making section that begins to cast off a skin.
3, the analysis of cuticle component is prepared: with chest 1-3 joint and the belly 1-3 joint body section of 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop vegetable root nematode larval, treat abnormal ovum on the first appearance, select 100 of the lopsided larvas of " larva-ovum " intermediate, clean root nematode body surface with pure water, dissect and remove digestive system, fat etc., remain complete body wall, the crosscut of belly 2-3 internode is divided into leading portion and back segment.Pre-ovum epidermis and the oophyte wall of each section are separated (being called procuticle and new epidermis).
Control group is under same environmental conditions, and the polypide that is about to casting off a skin ovum carries out same procedure and processes.The new and old epidermis of each body section is clean with purified rinse water, and suck dry moisture is placed in the ultrared drier and dries.Record the dry mass of new, the procuticle of each body section with electronic analytical balance.Wrap the dried epidermis Soxhlet extraction equipment for fat of packing into filter paper, with benzinum backflow degreasing 24 hours.Epidermis after the degreasing is dried the title quality again.The difference of the epidermal stem quality before and after the degreasing is crude fat content.Again the dried epidermis after the degreasing is boiled 50min with saturated sodium hydroxide solution in 160 ℃ glycerol bath, the transparent chitin residue of residue is put on the filter paper and slowly rinses well with distilled water behind the alkaline hydrolysis protein, sucks moisture, and oven dry is to permanent quality.Mass Calculation according to the chitin residue goes out chitin content.And calculate crude protein content by the difference of degreasing epidermal stem quality and chitin quality.The processing of simultaneously carrying out same way as with 20% nematode clean (300ug/mL) and sterile water under same environmental conditions in contrast.
The chemical examination constituent analysis of plant extraction liquid is according to assay, its main component of born sub-vegetation water is 9,12-octadecadienoic acid ethyl ester (27.34%), ethyl palmitate (23.99%), dibutyl phthalate (6.18%), diisobutyl phthalate (5.52%), 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl esters (4.72%), methyl palmitate (4.67%), 9,12,15-octatecatrienoic acid ethyl ester (4.48%), 9-vaccenic acid acetoacetic ester (3.80%), furfural (2.53%), Ethyl Stearate (1.42%), 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (1.26%).Contain a large amount of active ingredient and the antineoplastic component that can significantly suppress Cell Differentiation in the fresh fruit milk.
Contain lycopodine in the main component of lycopod grass vegetation water, lycodoline, adopt silica gel column chromatography that lycopod methyl alcohol is extracted and carry out separation and purification night, obtain 5 monomers, and identified its structure by spectral analysis, be respectively 1-octene-O-α-L-arabopyranose-(1-6)-O-[β-D-glucopyranose-(1-2)]-β-D-glucopyranose (I), n-Butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (II), 6,7-dihydroxy-coumarin (III), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy flavone (IV) and sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (V), its active ingredient has certain inhibitory action to central nervous system, and the calm venereal disease evil of experimental silicon of animal is had preferably impact effect.
Main active ingredient in the melia toosendan skin is chinaberry ketone, fat melianol, acetyl group Fructus meliae toosendan triol of toosendanin and multiple bitter taste etc.; the Fructus meliae toosendan element can see through the polypide epidermis and act on internal organs muscle in the body; the polypide Adenosine triphosphate is decomposed to accelerate; supply falls short of demand for energy, and polypide can not be casted off a skin.
Test results and analysis
1, the observation of paraffin section
Larva with 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop, 2 age in days root nematodes, (polypide is by pre-ovum epidermis parcel for formed abnormal ovum behind 6 ages in days, can't break ovum and be " larva-ovum intermediate " state with sloughing off old epidermis), choose the polypide that just will sprout wings that obtains behind the larva same period and do contrast, carry out the whole crosscut of paraffin embedding, find that with observation by light microscope abnormal ovum mesothorax (drop position) has more completely pre-ovum epidermis to surround.The oophyte wall has formed fairly perfectly; Many Organ and tissues are all than compared with normal.Further process to observe the abnormal ovum of epidermal area topology discovery and contrast polypide very significantly difference is arranged.The pre-ovum epidermis of contrast polypide is very thin one deck exocuticle and the epicuticle of remnants only, and it is thicker illuvial horizon that epidermal area is arranged on the oophyte wall, and can see that obvious hierarchical structure is arranged; The dermal cell layer is arranged more neatly.Except the appearance cortex of epicuticle, also have the endepidermis layer of obvious color to be connected together.The oophyte wall epicuticle layer of abnormal ovum is very thin, and not obvious.The dermal cell layer is arranged and is not so good as the neat of control group.
By the Phenomena Observation analysis: the Main Function of 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water is to make the endepidermis layer of the pre-ovum epidermis of vegetable root nematode not have catapepsis to decompose in the process of casting off a skin, and that the epidermal area material in the new oophyte wall that forms not have is fully synthetic, secretion and the complete epidermal area of deposition formation.This is the thick tough and thin soft main cause of oophyte wall of pre-ovum epidermis of abnormal ovum just.Thereby become again the main cause of deformity during being ovum.When observation was cut into slices away from the larva body wall at drop position, finding did not have above-mentioned obvious difference between processor and the contrast.
2, electron microscope observation
The topology discovery of the larva body wall when casting off a skin with transmission electron microscope observing 6-7 age in days, during 2 ages in days, with the formed lopsided worm chest body wall of 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop thoracic dorsal, can be observed incomplete 7 age in days epidermal areas and overlap with the 4 age in days epidermal areas that can't slough off.Its 6 age in days epidermal area is very thin, does not have the level characteristics of obvious line lamellar structure and epicuticle, exocuticle and endepidermis.Though 6 age in days epidermises have part digested, but still retain one deck that thicker outer endepidermis forms, and do not have molten absciss layer clearly between the epidermis of 6 ages in days and 7 ages in days.This shows larva when casting off a skin, and the deposition of new epidermis forms and the decomposition digestion process of old epidermis has been subject to obstruction.
In the cytoplasm of deformity polypide wall dermal cell more cavity is arranged, the dyeing contrast grade of Cytoplasmic inclusions is significantly less than contrast.The structure of intracellular various organelle and content is relatively more loose fuzzy, and is difficult to observe complete cell nucleus.And the control larvae body wall of identical developmental stage has formed the abundant epidermal area of comparison complete sum.Epidermal area has line lamellar structure clearly, and can see hole, wax road.6 remaining age in days epidermal areas separate with 7 age in days epidermal areas of new formation.The cytoplasm of skin corium is denser, and the dyeing contrast grade is larger.Cell nucleus is clear complete, and various organelles and Cytoplasmic inclusions structure are closely in order.The result of whole electron microscopic observation reconfirms that plant extraction liquid can disturb the process of casting off a skin, and shows by the dermal cell layer at drop position change has occured.This pathology may affect the normal physiological function of cell, thereby the synthetic deposition process of the digest and decompose that makes old epidermis in the process of casting off a skin and new epidermis is interfered, and the result causes casting off a skin and is obstructed and forms lopsided polypide.
3, cuticle component chemical analysis
With 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop, 2 age in days vegetable root nematode larvals (2uL/ worm), pick out behind 6 ages in days together
100 lopsided oophytes of one symptom are dissected pre-ovum epidermis and oophyte wall and are carried out chitin, crude fat and gross protein value analysis.And 20% line of choosing similar effects under identical environmental condition goes out clean and not treated control group carries out the analysis of oophyte wall, and its analysis result sees the following form:
Illustrate: data are difference on 5% level (DMRT method) in the table; Process every worm drop plant extraction liquid 1.6ug, 20% line goes out only, and control group is the normal development under the same environmental condition.
4, interpretation of result
The teratoid egg chest segment body dry mass that produces with 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop only has 59.70% of contrast, and residual pre-ovum epidermal stem quality contrast group increases by 43.05%.But do not have the abdomen section with 10% dissolved oxygen vegetation water drop, the dry mass of its abnormal oophyte wall and contrast do not have significant difference; But its residual pre-ovum epidermal stem mass ratio contrast has increased by 19.75%.This illustrates that again plant extraction liquid has obvious impact to the decomposition of old epidermis and the quality of neomorph wall.This influence degree and the distance dependent system that contacts lycopod grass plant extraction liquid position.Go out with 20% line and only to carry out the identical teratoid egg that processing was produced, the residual pre-ovum epidermal stem quality of its chest section and contrast difference are not remarkable, and its oophyte wall dry mass is on the contrary a little more than contrast.The residual pre-ovum epidermal stem mass ratio contrast of abdomen section is high 35.2%, and oophyte wall dry mass is but greater than contrast.Although as seen dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid and 20% line go out and only the vegetable root nematode larval had teratogenesis, the impact of body wall (epidermis) dry mass there are different characteristics.
The dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid can make that chitin content reduces in the abnormal oophyte wall of new formation.By the chest segment body wall of the direct drop of dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid, chitin content only has 40.9% of contrast, and the abdomen section oophyte wall chitin content difference that does not have directly to contact the dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid is less.The chitin of the residual old epidermis of chest section is but apparently higher than contrast, but the abdomen section be lower than contrast.The 20% line clean teratoid egg that forms no matter chest section or the abdomen section processed of going out, no matter oophyte wall or residual pre-ovum epidermis, its chitin content all is starkly lower than control group.This local drop causes the affected systemic effect characteristics of whole body epidermis chitin content with the effect of plant extraction liquid locality obvious difference to be arranged again.
Crude fat and crude protein content analysis result show, plant extraction liquid and 20% line go out in the clean ovum epidermis of processing and the pre-ovum epidermis, and crude fat content all is higher than contrast in various degree, and this may be because processed rear physiological activity has been subject to the result who disturbs.
Utilize the active ingredient of dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid to affect the formation of insect body wall, make the vegetable root nematode larval when changing ovum, suppress to grow, lopsided larva and teratoid egg occur, reach the research of control root nematode insect pest, before this, find no the report of this respect.According to Shandong Province's Science and Technology Information Searching, at present the active substance of the interference of growing, inhibition or the regulating action of insect mainly contained two large types: the first kind is that the insect endocrine system causes disorder.For example, the juvenile hormone of insect and natural or synthetic multiple hormone cause the physiological function of association's harmonic balance of insect bodies internal hormone secretion to upset; Wherein juvenile hormone acts on the pharynx side position of insect; And some synthetic hormone acts on insect nerve and endocrine system; disturb normal internal secretion; the symptom that causes occurs the various lopsided polypides when abnormal except insect molting, usually can also observe prolongation or shortening that the confusion of insect sexual behavior and each developmental stage go through the phase.Another type is suppress insect chitin synthetic, causes to form just new epidermis when casting off a skin, and causes deformity or death.Material with this mechanism mainly is the benzoyl group carbamide compounds, also comprises artificial synthetic Buprofezin.This class material also can cause the symptom of various lopsided polypides and new epidermis can not form the characteristics soft with attenuation.
According to test result analysis, the dissolved oxygen vegetation water suppresses the growth and development characteristics of vegetable root nematode and the line clean class of going out some similarities.For example the dissolved oxygen vegetation water is with after root nematode body wall contacts; the protective layer of Oxidative demage body wall at first; and newly form chitin content in the epidermis; the epidermal area deposition is very thin; the new body wall attenuation of deformity polypide; and drop process after the ovum of 2 day old larva and 4 ages in days significantly do not shorten or prolong breeding time, the characteristics of these reactions and symptom and line go out has difference behind the clean drop.It is take stomach poison function as main that line goes out clean, has action of contace poison concurrently, and poisoning is characterized as in early days and does not take food, inertia, dead gradually to the later stage.Yet dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid composition and chitin synthesis inhibitor are in not very close contacting of chemical constitution.But old epidermis residual after dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid drop is processed is thicker and tough, and the clean effect of going out of the locality effect phenomenon that lopsided characteristics are relevant from the drop position and line is again different.
Result and analysis by test, the dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid mechanism that suppresses to grow is done following understanding: after dissolved oxygen plant extraction liquid drop is processed, its active component such as organic acid, glyceric acid, polypeptidase etc. can penetrate and protect wax layer and outer endepidermis layer arrival dermal cell, the decomposition of inhibition dermal cell and synthetic, cause dermal cell generation physiological to change, affect normal physiological function.Make root nematode larval digest and decompose of endepidermis layer in the old epidermis in the process of casting off a skin, and synthetic, the secretion of new epidermis and deposition forming process can't finish smoothly normally, old epidermis finally occur and be difficult to slough off, the new thin soft various lopsided symptom of epidermis.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that; above-mentioned embodiment is exemplary; in order to make those skilled in the art can better understand content of the present invention; should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention; so long as the improvement of doing according to technical solution of the present invention for example, is only adopted a fluid reservoir; in fluid reservoir, add plant extraction liquid or do not adopt support, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. intelligent root nematode drip irrigation is prevented and treated device, and it is characterized in that: described control device comprises ozone generating-device, refrigerator (2), heat exchanger (3), liquid collecting tank (4), fluid reservoir;
Heat exchanger (3) is provided with circulating water intake, circulating water outlet, two cooling imports and a coolant outlet;
The delivery port of refrigerator (2) is communicated with the circulating water intake of heat exchanger (3), and the water return outlet of refrigerator (2) is communicated with the circulating water outlet of heat exchanger (3);
Ozone generating-device comprises filter (7), air pump (8), ozone generator (9) and ozone generator controller (10), the outlet of filter (7) is communicated with through the air inlet of air pump (8) with ozone generator (9), gas outlet first magnetic valve (11) of ozone generator (9) is communicated with a cooling import of heat exchanger (3), and ozone generator (9) is electrically connected with ozone generator controller (10);
Another cooling import of heat exchanger (3) connects pure water through the second magnetic valve (12);
Liquid collecting tank (4) is provided with inlet and liquid outlet; The inlet of liquid collecting tank (4) is communicated with coolant outlet, the fluid reservoir of heat exchanger (3); Be provided with liquid inlet electromagnetic valve between the inlet of liquid collecting tank (4) and the fluid reservoir;
Fill plant extraction liquid in the fluid reservoir.
2. intelligent root nematode drip irrigation as claimed in claim 1 is prevented and treated device, and it is characterized in that: described fluid reservoir comprises the first fluid reservoir (5) and the second fluid reservoir (6); Liquid inlet electromagnetic valve comprises the 3rd magnetic valve (13), the 4th magnetic valve (14); The 3rd magnetic valve (13) is connected between the inlet of the first fluid reservoir (5) and liquid collecting tank (4); The 4th magnetic valve (14) is connected between the inlet of the second fluid reservoir (6) and liquid collecting tank (4).
3. intelligent root nematode drip irrigation as claimed in claim 2 is prevented and treated device, and it is characterized in that: described the first magnetic valve (11), the second magnetic valve (12), the 3rd magnetic valve (13), the 4th magnetic valve (14) are electrically connected with proportional controller (15);
Proportional controller (15) is according to the ratio of ozone, pure water, the first fluid reservoir (5) implants extract and the second fluid reservoir (6) the implants extract set, control the first magnetic valve (11), the second magnetic valve (12), the 3rd magnetic valve (13), the 4th magnetic valve (14) action, the first fluid reservoir (5) implants extract, the second fluid reservoir (6) implants extract and cooled Ozone Water are mixed in liquid collecting tank (4), through the liquid outlet of liquid collecting tank (4) vegetables are carried out drip irrigation.
4. intelligent root nematode drip irrigation is prevented and treated device as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, it is characterized in that: described plant extraction liquid for will 200 parts fresh of born sub-fruits, 40 parts of lycopod careless 15 parts and melia toosendan skins, get juice through mechanical presses, add 10 parts of powdered glucoses and pure water again and be mixed with plant extraction liquid, the percentage by weight of juice is 5%-10%.
5. intelligent root nematode drip irrigation control device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: fill percentage by weight in described the first fluid reservoir (5) and be 5% plant extraction liquid.
6. intelligent root nematode drip irrigation control device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: fill percentage by weight in described the second fluid reservoir (6) and be 10% plant extraction liquid.
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