CN102970615A - System for efficient transmission and coding/encoding of high-definition videos - Google Patents
System for efficient transmission and coding/encoding of high-definition videos Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for efficient transmission and coding/encoding of high-definition videos. The system comprises a transmitting terminal and a client, wherein the transmitting terminal is used for collecting stream media data, coding the collected stream media data and sending the collected data to the client; the stream media data comprises audio data and video data; the transmitting terminal transmits the stream media data packet to the client of each playing node through network; during transmission, the playing node firstly requests a stream media data packet in advance from a neighboring node; when the requested stream media data packet arrives, the multimedia integer data packet is transmitted to the playing node requesting the data packet by PUSH policy; and the client analyzes and decompresses the stream media data packet after receiving the stream media data packet; therefore, the transmission efficiency and stability of the data packet of a stream media server of the P2P (peer-to-peer) system architecture in the case of frequent entry and exit of frequency points can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Streaming Media and transmit and the encoding and decoding field, relate in particular to a kind of efficient transmission of HD video and the system of encoding and decoding.
Background technology
Usually, after user's program request, server response organising data also sends data to the purpose user, and cumulative data reaches amount of buffered data and just begins to play, and this process duration is the response time.At present, the streaming media playing response time is long.Be presented at according to the TubeMogul data in the time of video buffer, 81% user can select to leave, and therefore, short response time is very important for stream media system.The combination of peer-to-peer network (P2P) network technology and stream media technology, streaming media service quality has been brought up to a new height, the typical application as domestic PPlive, PPstream etc., it has lowered the distributed tasks burden of content server effectively, the P2P technological merit comprises: equity is strong, and autgmentability is strong, and robustness is high, cost performance is high, load balancing.But the streaming media server of P2P system architecture frequently adds in the face of resource points and when withdrawing from, its stable wretched insufficiency.
Summary of the invention
Described in view of above content, the present invention is necessary to provide a kind of streaming media server in the P2P system architecture frequently to add in the face of resource points and autgmentability and the efficient transmission of the HD video that has good stability and the system of encoding and decoding when withdrawing from.
A kind of efficient transmission of HD video and the system of encoding and decoding comprise
Collect server, be used for stream medium data is adjusted synchronously, described stream medium data comprises voice data and video data;
Content server transmits flow media data packet to client when receiving the request of client;
Service server is used for transmitting the broadcast information of its storage to broadcast nodes;
Organization server is used for the broadcast nodes of new adding is guided, and the broadcast nodes that has added is organized;
Client, be used for receiving described flow media data packet, and according to the numbering video data in the flow media data packet and voice data are analyzed in the mode that replaces, and with MPEG21 or H.264 compression algorithm decompress, according to voice data and the video data in the timestamp synchronous decoding play stream media data bag;
When described flow media data packet was sent to the client of each broadcast nodes by network, broadcast nodes was first to neighbor node reservation flow media data packet; When the flow media data packet of reservation arrives, described multimedia entire data bag is sent to the broadcast nodes of this packet of reservation.
Further, described stream medium data is adjusted synchronously comprises:
Collect voice data and video data in the streaming media data stream, and voice data and coding video data to collecting;
The multi-medium data bag that behind the coding voice data and the video data of on-site collection is divided into different length, and voice data and video packets of data stamped timestamp;
Encode and be compressed into flow media data packet stamping the voice data of timestamp and video packets of data.
Further, the multi-medium data bag that described collection server is divided into different length to the voice data collected and video data, and when the multi-medium data bag stamped timestamp, it generated the temporal information of voice data and video data according to reference clock, and the multi-medium data bag is stamped timestamp; For voice data and the video data of on-site collection, adopt the acquisition time stamp, for voice data and the video data of non-at-scene collection, extract the timestamp in the multi-medium data bag.
Further, when described flow media data packet is sent to the client of each broadcast nodes by network, comprise broadcast nodes is joined step in the network:
For the new broadcast nodes that adds is distributed a sequence number, and with described sequence number and the binding of this broadcast nodes information, described broadcast nodes information comprises: IP address, port numbers, NAT type and bandwidth;
Judge the NAT type of described new adding broadcast nodes, if type is can't the penetrating NAT type, then this broadcast nodes is joined the tail of the queue of the formation of weak broadcast nodes;
Judge described new adding broadcast nodes whether less than predetermined value, be then by the sequence number order join weak broadcast nodes formation believe the position, otherwise this broadcast nodes is joined the relevant position of strong played column.
Further, described predetermined value is 1.2 to 1.5 times of multi-medium data source node.
Further, during voice data in the described client terminal playing flow media data packet, with the current time contrast of timestamp and the reference clock of voice data, when voice data reaches reproduction time, the decoding playing audio-fequency data.
Further, during video data in the described client terminal playing flow media data packet, the timestamp of video data and the time of current in progress voice data are compared, when voice data is play simultaneously, play synchronously this video data.
Further, described broadcast nodes comprises to neighbor node reservation flow media data packet first:
Numbering by the multi-medium data bag is divided into groups to multi-medium data, and numbering in the group is set;
By numbering random request neighbor node in the group, the multi-medium data bag in the subscription group;
Described reservation is unsuccessful, then reselects neighbor node, otherwise continues reservation, finishes until the interior all multi-medium data bags of group are all preengage.
Further, described broadcast nodes also comprises after adding network:
Obtain alternately the operation information of neighbor node by networking command;
When the flow media data packet of reservation arrives, adopt the PUSH strategy described multimedia entire data bag to be sent to the broadcast nodes of this packet of reservation.
Further, described multi-medium data bag size is 900 to 1200 bytes.
The MPEG21 algorithm has mainly utilized the interframe compression coding techniques with motion compensation to reduce temporal redundancy, utilizes the discrete cosine transform technology to reduce the spatial redundancies of image, utilizes entropy coding then to reduce the statistical redundancy degree in information aspect representing.H.264 compression algorithm supports piece image to divide in flakes, and the number of macro block is arbitrarily in the sheet.Under non-FMO pattern, the macro-block order in the sheet is with the grating scanning sequency, flexible macro-block ordering FMO(Flexible Macroblock Ordering) more special under the pattern.The division of sheet can adaptive different maximum transmission unit MTU(Maximum Transmission Unit) size, also can be used for the interleaved packet packing.
The present invention is by directly collecting and the encoded multimedia data, and multi-medium data is separated into the multi-medium data bag of 900 to 1200 bytes, adopts the PUSH strategy to carry out the parcel transmission, thus the raising transmission efficiency.In transport process, broadcast nodes is first to neighbor node reservation flow media data packet; By the numbering of multi-medium data bag multi-medium data is divided into groups during reservation, and numbering in the group is set; By numbering random request neighbor node in the group, the multi-medium data bag in the subscription group; Described reservation is unsuccessful, then reselects neighbor node, otherwise continues reservation, finishes until the interior all multi-medium data bags of group are all preengage.By this mode, effectively strengthened the stability in the transport process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of client terminal playing flow media data packet in the system of the efficient transmission of HD video of the present invention and encoding and decoding;
Fig. 2 starts voice data playing flow schematic diagram during client decoding playing audio-fequency data in the system of the efficient transmission of HD video of the present invention and encoding and decoding;
Fig. 3 starts video data playing flow schematic diagram during client decoding playing video data in the system of the efficient transmission of HD video of the present invention and encoding and decoding;
Fig. 4 is multi-medium data bag reserve requests schematic flow sheet in the system of the efficient transmission of HD video of the present invention and encoding and decoding;
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for packet integrity check in the system of the efficient transmission of HD video of the present invention and encoding and decoding.
Embodiment
By the following specific embodiment the efficient transmission of a kind of HD video of the present invention and the system of encoding and decoding are further described.Specific embodiment is for further describing the present invention, non-limiting protection scope of the present invention.
A kind of efficient transmission of HD video and the system of encoding and decoding, transmitting terminal and client, described transmitting terminal is used for collecting stream medium data, and the data after will collecting are sent to client, described stream medium data comprises voice data and video data, transmitting terminal and client are used Transmission Control Protocol at transport layer, but the stability of Effective Raise in transport process.
Transmitting terminal has fixing public network IP address, monitor at certain fixing tcp port, when receiving the request of data of client, the flow media data packet that forms after the compression is covered the content part of TCP message and sends to client, if transmitting terminal and client all do not have fixing public network IP ground, then need to utilize the third-party server with public network IP address to realize data relay.
The transfer approach of the efficient transmission of HD video of the present invention and the system of encoding and decoding comprises the steps:
Step 001, described transmitting terminal is collected multi-medium data and is adjusted synchronously, collect voice data and video data in the multimedia data stream, the task of collecting is finished by collecting server, collect server adopt multimedia technology directly from media to be played in the crawl multimedia data stream data, as, voice data and video data, and voice data and coding video data to collecting.
Step 002, voice data and video data after described collection server will be encoded are cut into very little multi-medium data bag, and size is between 900 to 1200KB.The numbering of the multi-medium data bag after each is cut apart is called PacketID.Then each multi-medium data bag is added the information such as packet header and PacketID.In this step, for the stream medium data of collecting at the scene, difference according to voice data and video data, it is divided into the multi-medium data bag of different length, general video data is according to the unit count of frame, voice data is according to time counting, and generates simultaneously the temporal information of two media datas according to reference clock, before data encoding these multi-medium data bags stamped timestamp.For the data of non-at-scene collection, adopt the method for extracting the timestamp in the multimedia file.Can not change in the ordinary course of things the character of these multi-medium data bags, such as the timeslice of voice data; But in some cases, may change, as owing to need to do for the second time compression, the timeslice of above-mentioned voice data may be elongated or reduce.The mode that multi-medium data bag after transmitting terminal will be adjusted synchronously generally so replaces according to " video packets of data, packets of audio data, video packets of data, packets of audio data ... " is encoded and is generated a large flow media data packet of giving the P2P system.
Step 003, transmitting terminal adopt MPEG21 or compression algorithm H.264, will stamp timestamp voice data and video data packet encoder and be compressed into flow media data packet;
Step 004 is sent to the flow media data packet after the described compression client of each broadcast nodes by network.Above-mentioned server is sent to content server continuously with the multi-medium data bag that adds the information such as packet header and PacketID.When content server receives the request of client, transmit the multi-medium data bag to client.During transmission, broadcast nodes is first to neighbor node reservation flow media data packet; When the flow media data packet of reservation arrives, adopt the PUSH strategy described multimedia entire data bag to be sent to the broadcast nodes of this packet of reservation.Described content server also comprises and carries out network code, for system provides Network Packet Loss request ARQ(Automatic Repeat-reQuest, autonomous retransmission) support.
Wherein, broadcast nodes described in the step 004 is wanted the play stream media data bag, must add first P2P medium living broadcast network.Node obtains broadcast information from service server, adds to the organization server request.Organization server guides the broadcast nodes of new adding, and the broadcast nodes that has added is organized, and comprises that node is newly-increased, knot removal and node loss etc.Especially when new adding broadcast nodes, can this node effectively be guided according to NAT and the bandwidth information of this node.Organization server is safeguarded a node queue, so that the guiding new node in an organized way adds in the existing P2P medium living broadcast network.
At first to add fashionable step as follows for new node, after node adds, for the new node that adds distributes a sequence number ID, and with described sequence number ID and the binding of this broadcast nodes information, namely this sequence number and broadcast nodes information are jointly as the attribute of this node, and described broadcast nodes information comprises IP address, port numbers, NAT type and bandwidth etc.
Then judge the NAT type of the broadcast nodes of described new adding, if type is can't the penetrating NAT type, because the restriction of fire compartment wall and router, done the network address translation of NAT, other network node can't initiatively connect with this node, illustrates that Connectivity is very poor, in order not affect the overall performance of network, then this broadcast nodes is joined the end of weak broadcast nodes formation, this judgement detects server by NAT and finishes.
Judge that the bandwidth of broadcast nodes of described new adding whether less than predetermined value, is generally 1.2 to 1.5 times of the original bandwidth of multimedia, think the node that bandwidth ability is strong.Then this broadcast nodes is joined the relevant position of broadcast nodes formation by sequence node ID, anyway join the relevant position of weak broadcast nodes formation, this decision operation is finished by bandwidth detection server.
Step 005, described client is after described flow media data packet, generally according to numbering flow media data packet is carried out the analysis stream media data packet according to the mode that " video packets of data, packets of audio data, video packets of data, packets of audio data ... " so replaces, and decompress; Stamp timestamp at the complete stream medium data that decompresses, then play.
See also Fig. 1, described client is as follows according to timestamp synchronous decoding play stream media data bag detailed process: judge whether the end of flow media data packet, if so, then take out a flow media data packet from this flow media data packet, if not, then finish this process; Judge that the data of taking out are voice data or video data, if voice data then joins the audio frequency broadcast and lines up, if video data then joins video playback and lines up.
See also Fig. 2, the voice data playing flow that when the decoding playing audio-fequency data, starts of the present invention, detailed process comprises: judge audio frequency plays in the formation whether data are arranged, if do not have, then proceed to judge, if have, then therefrom extract a packets of audio data, and the timestamp of this voice data and the current time of reference clock are contrasted, whether audio data has arrived reproduction time, if not, then proceed contrast, if so, decoding audio data then, then accent begins to judge audio frequency plays in the formation whether data are arranged, until whole playing process is finished.
See also Fig. 3, the video data playing flow that when the decoding playing video data, starts of the present invention, detailed process comprises: judge whether video data is arranged in the video playback formation, if do not have, then continue to judge whether video data of playlist, if have, then from video play lists, extract a video playback packet, judge that whether the timestamp of the timestamp of video data and current in progress voice data is for playing simultaneously, if not, continue to judge that whether the timestamp of the timestamp of video data and current in progress voice data is for playing simultaneously, if so, playing video data and return and continue to judge whether video data is arranged in the video playback formation just synchronously.By playing end synchronous decoding play stream media data bag middle pitch video packets of data, so that the impact of existing player and decoder is avoided in the rear exploitation of system, thus the encoding and decoding flexibility that improves the multi-medium data bag.
In the P2P system, because the network condition of broadcast nodes and operation conditions all are constantly to change, when unstable networks, can cause data transmission error.So after broadcast nodes adds, the running status of neighbor node around on the one hand the peer node in the network can being obtained by networking command is mutual in real time, and adjust the algorithm policy of this node according to the running status of neighbor node, simultaneously, by the study between the node and information exchange, can obtain the nodes that data are arranged more, thereby effectively increase the stability in the transport process.
Because coated voice data or the video data that is divided into 900 to 1200KB sizes of multi-medium data, adopt the PUSH strategy to transmit in the transport process, before adopting the PUSH strategy, broadcast nodes sends multi-medium data bag reserve requests to its neighbor node, when the packet of request reached neighbor node, neighbor node adopted the mode of PUSH to send this packet to node that the request of transmission is play.Before the multi-medium data bag reservation, need divide into groups to the multi-medium data bag, by 1 ~ 16 grouping, every group is numbered by 1 ~ 16, becomes SliceID with PacketID.The multi-medium data of finishing transmitting in the data flow by this mode divides into groups, the multi-medium data bag of the data flow that transmits in the network is finished division operation after, will flow particle size reduction to stream of packets.Under this Packet State, any one node need to be to some other node request msgs, and after the request, the data volume that any link in the network will transmit no longer needs the integral multiple of multimedia code check, thereby improve the transmission efficiency of node, and guarantee that the utilance of bandwidth is improved.
In conjunction with Fig. 4, multi-medium data bag reserve requests, broadcast nodes are obtained the data source guidance table of self maintained; I multi-medium data bag in the beginning subscription group, from the data source guidance table, choose at random a neighbor node A, wherein, the preferred runner of random algorithm is calculated method, send the request of i multi-medium data bag of reservation to node A, if returning, preengages successfully A, judge then whether packet asks complete in this group, if complete, then finish reservation request, otherwise continue the next multi-medium data bag of request, if it is unsuccessful that node A returns reservation, then node A is removed the data source guidance table, from the data source guidance table, again get another neighbor node and continue reservation, until all group inner multimedia packet reservations are complete.
Before multi-medium data of the present invention is play, also can receive packet is carried out integrity check.The Adoption Network buffering area carries out buffered to the multi-medium data bag that network arrives, and the data buffer zone is actually an ordered queue take PacketID as key assignments.After playlist was received the multi-medium data bag, PUSH did sorting operation by PacketID and inserts successively to the data buffer zone in buffering area immediately.Usually the most emerging packet zone, the randomness of packet is more obvious, and claims that this zone is disordered regions, old data area, the complete sum order of packet is more obvious, and claims that this zone is the stability region.May there be the packet that does not reach simultaneously in network disordered regions and stability region, but in these two zones not arrive the information that packet shows different, disordered regions does not arrive packet and may transmit in the way, can arrive behind certain hour; But the packet that the stability region does not arrive is lost usually and in transmitting the way, if untimely taking measures will be lost forever.
The flow process of the method for packet integrity check as shown in Figure 5, is finished by integrity checking scanning thread in the broadcast nodes.This thread start by set date, situation about then carrying out according to the last time is moved determined network stabilization zone with this, after the appointed area that definite needs scan, multi-medium data bag scanning process is carried out in beginning take PacketID as index, if the packet that PacketID is corresponding does not exist, then need this PacketID is put in the packet loss formation.After the been scanned, can obtain PacketID tabulation, tabulate this moment client and do not receive packet if receive this, namely need acquisition request packet again.Because may there be larger situation in the size of packet loss tabulation, if only to a destination node request, then may be that this destination node load increases suddenly and affects its stability, so need to tabulate and to be divided into some aliquots, then still utilize the roulette algorithm to instruct from data source and select corresponding some nodes to carry out the packet loss request the tabulation.
The present invention is by directly collecting and the encoded multimedia data, and multi-medium data is separated into the multi-medium data bag of 900 to 1200 bytes, and adopt the PUSH strategy to carry out parcel and transmit, thus the raising transmission efficiency.In transport process, broadcast nodes is first to neighbor node reservation flow media data packet; By the numbering of multi-medium data bag multi-medium data is divided into groups during reservation, and numbering in the group is set; By numbering random request neighbor node in the group, the multi-medium data bag in the subscription group; Described reservation is unsuccessful, then reselects neighbor node, otherwise continues reservation, finishes until the interior all multi-medium data bags of group are all preengage.By this mode, effectively strengthened the stability in the transport process.
The above only is embodiments of the invention; be not so limit claim of the present invention; every equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or directly or indirectly be used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner be included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention
Claims (10)
1. the efficient transmission of a HD video and the system of encoding and decoding comprise:
Collect server, be used for stream medium data is adjusted synchronously, described stream medium data comprises voice data and video data;
Content server transmits flow media data packet to client when receiving the request of client;
Service server is used for transmitting the broadcast information of its storage to broadcast nodes;
Organization server is used for the broadcast nodes of new adding is guided, and the broadcast nodes that has added is organized;
Client, be used for receiving described flow media data packet, and according to the numbering video data in the flow media data packet and voice data are analyzed in the mode that replaces, and with MPEG21 or H.264 compression algorithm decompress, according to voice data and the video data in the timestamp synchronous decoding play stream media data bag;
It is characterized in that: when described flow media data packet is sent to the client of each broadcast nodes by network, preengage flow media data packet to neighbor node first during broadcast nodes; When the flow media data packet of reservation arrives, described multimedia entire data bag is sent to the broadcast nodes of this packet of reservation.
2. the as claimed in claim 1 efficient transmission of HD video and the system of encoding and decoding, described stream medium data is adjusted synchronously comprises:
Collect voice data and video data in the streaming media data stream, and voice data and coding video data to collecting;
The multi-medium data bag that behind the coding voice data and the video data of on-site collection is divided into different length, and voice data and video packets of data stamped timestamp;
Encode and be compressed into flow media data packet stamping the voice data of timestamp and video packets of data.
3. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 1 and the system of encoding and decoding, it is characterized in that: the multi-medium data bag that described collection server is divided into different length to the voice data collected and video data, and the multi-medium data bag stamped timestamp, according to the temporal information of reference clock generation voice data and video data, the multi-medium data bag is stamped timestamp; For voice data and the video data of on-site collection, adopt the acquisition time stamp, for voice data and the video data of non-at-scene collection, extract the timestamp in the multi-medium data bag.
4. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 1 and the system of encoding and decoding are sent to described flow media data packet before the client of each broadcast nodes by network, broadcast nodes need to be joined in the network:
For the new broadcast nodes that adds is distributed a sequence number, and with described sequence number and the binding of this broadcast nodes information, described broadcast nodes information comprises: IP address, port numbers, NAT type and bandwidth;
Judge the NAT type of described new adding broadcast nodes, if type is can't the penetrating NAT type, then this broadcast nodes is joined the tail of the queue of the formation of weak broadcast nodes;
Judge described new adding broadcast nodes whether less than predetermined value, be then by the sequence number order join weak broadcast nodes formation believe the position, otherwise this broadcast nodes is joined the relevant position of strong played column.
5. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 4 and the system of encoding and decoding, it is characterized in that: described predetermined value is 1.2 to 1.5 times of multi-medium data source node.
6. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 3 and the system of encoding and decoding, it is characterized in that: during voice data in the described client terminal playing flow media data packet, the timestamp of voice data and the current time of reference clock are contrasted, when voice data reaches reproduction time, the decoding playing audio-fequency data.
7. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 6 and the system of encoding and decoding, it is characterized in that: during video data in the described client terminal playing flow media data packet, the timestamp of video data and the time of current in progress voice data are compared, when voice data is play simultaneously, play synchronously this video data.
8. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 1 and the system of encoding and decoding, described broadcast nodes comprise to neighbor node reservation flow media data packet first:
Numbering by the multi-medium data bag is divided into groups to multi-medium data, and numbering in the group is set;
By numbering request neighbor node in the group, the multi-medium data bag in the subscription group;
Described reservation is unsuccessful, then reselects neighbor node, otherwise continues reservation, finishes until the interior all multi-medium data bags of group are all preengage.
9. the efficient transmission of HD video according to claim 1 and the system of encoding and decoding, described broadcast nodes also comprises after adding network:
Obtain alternately the operation information of neighbor node by networking command;
When the flow media data packet of reservation arrives, adopt the PUSH strategy described multimedia entire data bag to be sent to the broadcast nodes of this packet of reservation.
10. according to claim 1 to the efficient transmission of 9 each described HD videos and the system of encoding and decoding, it is characterized in that: described multi-medium data bag size is 900 to 1200 bytes.
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