CN102950424B - Preparation method of LD steel cold roll ejector for small-pore stainless seamless pipe - Google Patents
Preparation method of LD steel cold roll ejector for small-pore stainless seamless pipe Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an LD steel cold roll ejector for a small-pore stainless seamless pipe. The preparation method includes: blanking, preheating, rough machining with lathe, fine machining, thermal treatment and precision machining. By modifying feeding amount and uniform reserving allowance parameters of outer conical surface in the rough grinding procedure in fine machining, feeding amount parameters in the fine grinding procedure, and process parameters in the super grinding procedure of precision machining, the preparation method is reasonable in process, simple and practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the special cold rolling top production field of metallurgy, machinery industry production seamless steel pipe, be specifically related to the preparation method of a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe with cold rolling top.
Background technology
Seamless steel pipe is common metallurgical metal goods, and aperture seamless alloy tube is the high-end product in seamless steel pipe, and aperture (steel tube inner hole diameter) is generally less than 20mm, is applied to special dimension, technology content and production difficulty higher.In seamless steel tube production, cold deformation processing is main production process; Cold rolling production is the cold deformation processing mode extensively adopted.
Two roller cold-rolling pilger mills are seamless steel pipe cold-rolling equipments conventional at present, top is main rolling deformation instrument, adopt top and pass be combined to form numerously from large to small contains circle, realize cold deformation (extruding metal) to seamless steel pipe and process; Wherein top is the conical elongated metallic bars of a band curve, and material selects tool steel or mould steel usually, is arranged on plug, processes for seamless steel pipe internal wall (internal via shape) flow of metal; Pass and top, all through heat-treatment quenching, jointly constitute the warp tool of the cold rolling production of seamless steel pipe, mutually mate, indispensable.
Top is divided into linkage section, changeover portion, deformation section, sizing section, Strain During Finishing Stage usually according to using function; Linkage section Surface Machining closely-pitched angular thread, for connecting top and being fixed on plug; Changeover portion is turbination, for the uniform smooth transition of linkage section and deformation section; Deformation section is that length is longer by several (usual more than 20, maximum 40) the continuity curve that forms of the point of different-diameter from large to small, is generally 2/3 of top total length, for the metal homogeneous deformation of pipe; Sizing section is the continuity curve be made up of the point of two different-diameters from large to small, be shorter in length than deformation section, be generally 1/6 of top total length, for the accurate distortion of steel pipe inner wall, determine wall thickness, guarantee that together with the sizing section of pass the external diameter of steel pipe meets technical requirement; Strain During Finishing Stage is in top end, and be the continuity curve be made up of the point of two different-diameters from large to small, the circularity for pipe after sizing ensures, the usual thread mill drilling of Strain During Finishing Stage core, draws rod for installing.
According to different rolling specs, there are corresponding processing dimension and required precision in top; Job specification due to top determines its surface curve and must reach continuity, uniformity, slickness, no concave-convex hollow, therefore usually adopts grinding as the fine finishining mode of top.The structural representation of top is shown in Fig. 1, and the curve data table of existing new No. 13 tops is in Table 1..
The new No. 13 top curve data tables of table 1
| Extension position | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | D7 | D8 | D9 | D10 |
| Diameter | 25.00 | 25.00 | 25.00 | 24.24 | 23.49 | 22.79 | 22.15 | 21.55 | 20.99 | 20.48 |
| Extension position | D11 | D12 | D13 | D14 | D15 | D16 | D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 |
| Diameter | 20.00 | 19.56 | 19.15 | 18.76 | 18.38 | 18.01 | 17.66 | 17.31 | 16.99 | 16.67 |
| Extension position | D21 | D22 | D23 | D24 | D25 | D26 | D27 | D28 | D29 | D30 |
| Diameter | 16.36 | 16.07 | 15.78 | 15.51 | 15.29 | 14.98 | 14.74 | 14.50 | 14.27 | 14.04 |
| Extension position | D31 | D32 | D33 | D34 | D35 | D36 | D37 | D38 | D39 | D40 |
| Diameter | 13.82 | 13.61 | 13.41 | 13.21 | 13.01 | 12.82 | 12.63 | 12.46 | 12.34 | 14.25 |
Top is the slender axles of a band curve, end machining screw, Surface heat-treatent, and top material is mould steel.Top processing needs through manufacturing procedures such as material preparation, blanking, lathe, grinding machine, heat treatments.Aperture stainless steel aviation seamless pipe is current enterprise is meet market demand product newly developed, and this model seamless steel pipe specification is generally φ 15*142mm, therefore the length ratio (work draw ratio) of cold rolling top is 750/13; Top material is LD steel (7Cr7Mo5V2Si).
Illustrate: LD Steel Properties is good, strength and toughness is the twice of general cold work die steel, there is good wear-resisting, intensity, toughness, quenching degree, non-oxidizability and erosion resistant ability are all better, belong to high strength, high-ductility alloy mould steel, the needs of high speed tube rolling being adapted to, requiring high-strength tenacity and anti abrasive all kinds of cold-work die greatlyr mainly for the manufacture of meeting with stresses.
The processing method of cold rolling top, current small-bore mainly contains three kinds, that is: (1) Digital manufacturing center processing, and (2) Digit Control Machine Tool is processed, and (3) machine tool is processed.
(1) Digital manufacturing center processing: the processing of Digital manufacturing center is exactly use existing Digital manufacturing center, by the round steel blank after surely cutting, work in-process adopts multiple operation in the heart, repeatedly cuts, not one machining (not containing heat treatment), there is the advantages such as machining accuracy is high, speed is fast, lumber recovery is secure, shortcoming is that processing cost is high, and equipment investment is many.
(2) Digit Control Machine Tool processing: Digit Control Machine Tool processing is exactly adopt single Digit Control Machine Tool (lathe, grinding machine etc.), multiple clamping, repeatedly to process, processing is not until shaping (containing heat treatment) successively, there is machining accuracy higher, rely on programme-control without the need to copying template (pattern) as machining benchmark, shortcoming is strong to program dependence, programs easily to make mistakes with input program complex operation;
(3) machine tool processing: be exactly machine tool (lathe, copying lathe, planer, grinding machine etc.) multiple lathe, multiple clamping, repeatedly process, processing is not until shaping (containing heat treatment) successively, there is equipment requirement low, multistation (operation) can be realized coordinate to carry out, be easy to the advantages such as processing operation, shortcoming adopts copying template (pattern) as machining benchmark, require higher to copying template (pattern), higher to machine operation personnel technical requirement, and working (machining) efficiency is low, lumber recovery is low.
In sum, the technical problem in " the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel aviation seamless pipe LD steel " processing (preparation) is:
1) the slender axles band curve external form due to cold rolling top is adopted, common process equipment and technology method can not meet the processing request of LD steel, that is: the draw ratio that works is between 25-40, average out to more than 30, belong to thin and long shafts workpiece, engine lathe is processed with difficulty, come directly towards bus is curve simultaneously, follow-rest can not be used, poor rigidity during cutting, easy vibrations, bending, distortion, difficulty of processing is large, conventional CF7112 type forming lathe complex structure, costly, bulky, the processing of interpolation copying device can only be adopted to ensure crudy, and cutting output is restricted, process velocity is slow, operation is loaded down with trivial details, lumber recovery is low,
2) rough surface requires high, be equivalent to 0.8, dimensional accuracy franchise is ± 0.01mm, therefore technical requirement is very high, last fine finishining can only select grinding machine, and plain external grinding machine can only grinding continuous level, the conical surface, grinding continuous curve surface must increase profiling servicing unit guarantee crudy;
3) lathe and grinding machine all need to add auxiliary copying device, and adopt conventional rigidity pattern method, because top dimensions is many, curve differs, need to prepare polylith master plate (copying template) cost high, and pattern is owned by France in rigid contact, pattern is easy to wear, the Worker's Stadium precision after processing is lower, can not meet technical requirement;
4) Digital manufacturing center machining accuracy is high, efficiency is high, but processing cost is higher, buy voluntarily and once invest too high, regular maintenance expense is not low afterwards, if high, the cycle length of external processing top processing charges can not meet rhythm of production needs, and there is technical data and to leak hidden danger;
5) Digit Control Machine Tool processing machining accuracy is higher, working (machining) efficiency higher than machine tool lower than Digital manufacturing center, without the need to copying template (pattern), but it is strong to program dependence, program loaded down with trivial details (needing to calculate each point key node measuring continuous curve surface), be easy to make mistakes during program input.
Therefore, with regard to current process technology, all there is certain deficiency in " the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel aviation seamless pipe LD steel ", needs, by optimizing machining technology (preparation) technique, could meet need of production.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide that a kind of working (machining) efficiency is high, cost is low, does not need the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel of programming.
Technical scheme of the present invention is, the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel, and comprise blanking, heat treatment in advance, lathe roughing, retrofit, heat treatment and Precision Machining, the method key step is as follows:
(1) in described lathe roughing, lathe and profiling processing mechanism are processed and comes directly towards basic forming; At profiling processing mechanism template place, installation curve top as template, and corrects the original position of lathe tool with top blank, rough turn top profile;
(2) retrofit: the top after roughing after half finish turning, heat treatment and aligning, respectively through corase grind and fine grinding; Described corase grind adopts straight method segmentation corase grind profile, the depth of cut 0.05 ~ 0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put in outer cone surface, and every section of light requirement degree of slipping over connects; Described fine grinding be by corase grind after top vertical hanging place and eliminate machining stress, the depth of cut is 0.01 ~ 0.03mm;
(3) Precision Machining: be divided into super mill and polishing two step; Described super mill be by fine grinding after top vertical hanging place and eliminate machining stress, be superly milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut 0.005 ~ 0.01mm; Described polishing is by top cylindrical continuous curve surface polishing.
In step (1), preferably adopt large anterior angle to be the lathe tool of 20-40 degree, be easy to machining and not lifts, optimum is angle is 30 degree.
In the precision grinding step of step (2), general fine grinding is about 0.05mm (because the diameter dimension coming directly towards each section is different to leaving surplus, institute's made allowance for add 0.05mm in this section of diameter actual size, tolerance 0.01mm (because the diameter dimension coming directly towards each section is different, so-called tolerance is exactly the departure≤0.01mm of each section of diameter dimension after processing); Fine grinding be by corase grind after top vertical hanging place, be in order to natural distortion, eliminate machining stress, generally need hang 48 hours, as 40-60 hour, be advisable with 48 hours.The preferred 0.05mm of the depth of cut of corase grind, the preferred 0.01mm of the depth of cut of fine grinding., the surface roughness of precision grinding step is Ra0.2.
In the super mill step of step (3), super mill tolerance 0.01mm (departure≤0.01mm of each section of diameter dimension namely after processing); Also be in order to natural distortion by top vertical hanging in super mill step, elimination machining stress, generally needs suspension 24 hours, as 20-30 hour, was advisable with 24 hours.The preferred 0.005mm of the depth of cut of super mill, surface roughness is Ra0.2.Surface of polished roughness is Ra0.1.
According to the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel of the present invention, be preferably, described profiling processing mechanism is counterweight profiling processing mechanism, described counterweight profiling processing mechanism is primarily of positioning support mechanism, profiling balance weight mechanism, roller rotating mechanism, stencil master element composition, described positioning support mechanism is for being fixed on guide ways on lathe bed by stencil master, and described profiling balance weight mechanism is arranged on lathe middle carriage end face.
The present invention can adopt hydraulic tracing control mechanism, hydraulic tracing control mechanism is prior art, mainly contain hydraulic system and copying system composition, wherein hydraulic system is made up of elements such as hydraulic cylinder, fuel tank, reversal valve, pipeline, filter, Pressure gauges, adopts electrical control; By profiling bearing, profiling mould, locating centre, walking be top etc., element forms feeler mechanism.Its operation principle is exactly the tool track that copying system provides lathe tools, controls cutter and walks along profiling mould, realizes precision processing rapidly and efficiently; Hydraulic system provides pressure, makes cutter under the control of hydraulic coupling, along running orbit walking (feed) that copying system provides.Hydraulic tracing control technology is the blank of Digit Control Machine Tool, improves a little and coordinates PLC control system just can become economical NC machine tool (being also called simple nc).Be characterized in simple and compact for structure, be easy to Operation and Maintenance, good stability, but the leakage problem of hydraulic oil is the chronic disease of hydraulic system, and the cleannes of hydraulic oil require high, therefore be applicable to environment and comparatively clean, vibrate little occasion, oil suction facility is set in fuel tank surrounding simultaneously.When adopting hydraulic tracing control mechanism, be at template place of hydraulic tracing control mechanism, installation curve top as template (pattern), and corrects the original position of lathe tool with top blank.
As individual preferred embodiment, the present invention can also adopt counterweight feeler mechanism.Counterweight copying device is the technological improvement utilizing gravity principle to implement machine tool, adopts counterweight replacement liquid pressure, primarily of element compositions such as positioning support mechanism, profiling balance weight mechanism, roller rotating mechanism, stencil masters; Positioning support mechanism is for being fixed on guide ways on lathe bed by stencil master, profiling balance weight mechanism is arranged on lathe middle carriage end face, control the adhesive force of roller and stencil master under gravity, roller travel mechanism is arranged on lathe middle carriage, for profiling feed; Template arranges according to different curved surface specifications and changes, and is directly placed in positioning support mechanism, is fixed by fixed block, for the shape of Control curve; Counterweight copying device is arranged on the bed ways of common C-620 lathe and middle carriage and uses, and realizes radial with axial interlock machining, for the machining of the surperficial continuous curve surface in cold rolling top.Be characterized in compact conformation, working service is convenient, needs to select counterweight amount according to workpiece, be easy to control, have the advantages such as investment little, cost is low, No leakage pollution than hydraulic tracing control mechanism, stability is close to hydraulic tracing control mechanism, and larger to the improvement implementation of machine tool.
Preferably, the middle carriage of described lathe is provided with emery wheel mechanism.This emery wheel mechanism can be implemented on lathe can turning, again can grinding.
According to the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel of the present invention, be preferably, in described lathe roughing, control all to put surplus 3.5-4.5mm, surface roughness is Ra12.5.
Further, in the described half finish turning operation of step (2), the depth of cut is not more than 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is Ra3.2.Be 0.5mm-2mm as the depth of cut.Half finish turning operation installs large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool, and angle is easy to machining when 20-40 spends and not lifts, more optimizedly γ=30 degree.
Preferably, the heating-up temperature of described heat treatment in advance is 840-860 DEG C.
After half finish turning step, planing step can also be comprised.The flat body of shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, for spanner flat locking during the dismounting of top, scene.
After being machined to a stage, product is tested.As arranged checking procedure after planing step, according to process specifications inspection top machining situation, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves surplus number, and in top, changeover portion knocks steel seal, numbering.
Can heat treatment step be arranged after half finish turning step, operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, adopt vacuum furnace to carry out.Preferably, described Technology for Heating Processing comprises primary quenching, three high temperings.Adopt the vertical mode of heating in top during heat treatment, namely adopt special cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching.See Fig. 2 and Fig. 4.
Further, described heat treated quenching technical is: 540-560 DEG C, twice preheating of 840-860 DEG C temperature section, twice preheating insulation time is all 10-15 minute, 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C insulation 10-15 minute after oil cooling or air cooling, HRC62 ~ 64; Described tempering process is: at 530 ~ 570 DEG C of insulation 50-70 minute, HR DEG C 59 ~ 62.
Further, described Technology for Heating Processing also can comprise an end differential annealing.One time end differential annealing is to end, top differential annealing, reduces the hardness of top afterbody, for the afterbody cutted thread processing of subsequent handling top.Annealing process is shown in Fig. 3.
Preferably, described annealing process, for be heated to 835-850 DEG C in 27-33 minute, is then incubated 27-33 minute at 835-850 DEG C, and cooled to 530 ~ 570 DEG C at 11-13 hour, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
After heat treatment, according to process specifications inspection top heat treatment process situation, emphasis is hardness after heat treatment and flexibility.
Cutting thread is generally carried out after aligning.As adopted C6140 lathe, adopt the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, precision 7 grades.
The present invention is by providing kind of a preparation method for the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel, machine tool is combined with the Dominant Facies of Digit Control Machine Tool, utilize hydraulic tracing control mechanism, by being combined by processing technologys such as sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat treatments, realize the object of the cold rolling top of machining small footpath stainless steel jointless effective LD steel on universal machine process equipment, effective raising is processed lumber recovery, reduces production cost, is reduced process time, meets the needs of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe seamless steel tube production.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. rational technology, operation is compact, practical;
2. simple to operate, working service is convenient, and machining accuracy is high, safe and efficient;
3. adopt hydraulic tracing control mechanism, simple and easy to do, efficiency is high, precision good;
4, counterweight feeler mechanism can be adopted further to replace hydraulic tracing control mechanism, No leakage, need to select counterweight amount according to workpiece, be easy to control;
4. adopt universal machine tools and numerically control grinder Combined process, reduce production cost and equipment investment;
5. highly versatile, has certain reference, using value to close elongated shape Machining of Shaft-type Parts;
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of top, small-bore.
In figure, 1. linkage section, 2. changeover portion, 3. deformation section, 4. sizing section, 5. Strain During Finishing Stage.
Fig. 2 is heat treatment quenching process figure.
Fig. 3 is heat-treatment of annealing artwork.
Fig. 4 is tempering heat treatment artwork.
Fig. 5 lathe feeler mechanism structural representation.
Fig. 6 be in Fig. 5 A to sectional view.
Fig. 7 is lathe copying device working state schematic representation.
In figure, 6-positioning support mechanism, 7-profiling balance weight mechanism, 8-roller rotating mechanism, 9-stencil master, 10-head of a bed gear-box, 11-lathe chuck, 12-top to be processed, 13-lathe tailstock, 14-lathe cutting device, 15-lathe carriage, 16-lathe vehicle body, 17-positioning support mechanism supporting base, supporting plate in 18-lathe.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Certain steel tube factory of iron company, implement the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel provided by the present invention, be the LD steel cold rolling top machining of certain model nuclear power stainless steel seamless pipe of 15*1.42 for specification, it is characterized in that: be made up of sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat-treatment processing process, that is:
Process model is: blanking (Cutting Length, sawing machine) → heat treatment in advance (stress relief annealing) → rough turn (shape molding, C6140 lathe) → (continuous curve surface is contoured half finish turning, C6140 lathe) → dig flat body (the flat body of technique, B650 planer) → inspection (beating steel seal) → heat treatment (1 quenching, 3 high temperings, 1 differential annealing) → inspection (hardness, flexibility) → aligning → cutting thread (external screw thread, C620 lathe) (C620 lathe and special glazing machine) → checking oils puts in storage in → corase grind (M131 cylindrical grinder) → fine grinding (H160 numerically control grinder) → super mill (H160 numerically control grinder) → polishing.
The invention provides the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of small dimension stainless steel aviation seamless pipe LD steel, include following job step, that is:
1) blanking: adopt sawing machine, longitudinally cuts surely by the LD round steel of φ 35mm, every segment length 751mm;
2) heat treatment in advance: exactly stress relief annealing is carried out to blank round steel, object eliminates the internal stress in round rolling production, improve its mechanical performance, be easy to machining, require heating-up temperature 850 ± 10 DEG C, evenly ,≤40 DEG C/h temperature control is cooled to 500 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and refers to accompanying drawing 2-2 in heating (thoroughly burning);
3) rough turn (one): adopt C6140 lathe, carry out rough turn machining according to technical requirement to top blank, that is: both ends of the surface put down long 750mm, φ 5mm centre bore is bored in one end, the other end bores and attacks M6*1 screw thread, screw thread effective depth 30mm, and bores correction 60 degree of center holes; One top one folder mode clamping turnery processing M14*1.5 thread segment, outside diameter φ 20mm, length 37mm;
4) rough turn (two): adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to process to combination rough turning and come directly towards basic forming, counterweight 12KG, that is: top tune (changing direction), one top one folder mode clamping, scroll chuck folder φ 30mm place, Mohs 5# active top top M6*1 screwed hole (60 degree of circular cone chamfering places), installs YT15 billmpse tool; At counterweight feeler mechanism template place, the curve top of φ 15*1.42 is installed as template (pattern), and correct the original position of lathe tool with top blank, because Workpiece length ratio is 750/13, belong to slender axles, and working bus bar is curve, poor rigidity can not use follow-rest, therefore adopts large anterior angle to be the lathe tool of 30 degree; Rough turn top profile, all puts surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is 12.5;
As shown in Figure 5, counterweight feeler mechanism is primarily of element compositions such as positioning support mechanism 6, profiling balance weight mechanism 7, roller rotating mechanism 8, stencil masters 9; Positioning support mechanism 6 is for being fixed on guide ways on lathe bed by stencil master 7, profiling balance weight mechanism 7 is arranged on lathe middle carriage 18 end face, control the adhesive force of roller and stencil master under gravity, roller travel mechanism is arranged on lathe middle carriage 18, for profiling feed; Template arranges according to different curved surface specifications and changes, and is directly placed in positioning support mechanism 6, is fixed by fixed block, for the shape of Control curve; Counterweight copying device is arranged on the bed ways of common C-620 lathe and middle carriage and uses, and realizes radial with axial interlock machining, for the machining of the surperficial continuous curve surface in cold rolling top.
5) half finish turning: adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to process to combination half finish turning and come directly towards basic forming, install large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool, γ=30 degree, the depth of cut is not more than 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is 3.2;
6) plane: adopt the flat body of B650 shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, for spanner flat locking during the dismounting of top, scene;
7) (one) is checked: according to process specifications inspection top machining situation, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves surplus number, and changeover portion knocks steel seal in top, numbering;
8) heat treatment: operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, that is: vacuum furnace is adopted to carry out primary quenching, three high temperings, an end differential annealing (object cutting thread), the vertical mode of heating in top is adopted during heat treatment, namely adopt special cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching, that is: 550 DEG C, 850 DEG C twice preheatings during quenching, 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C of oil coolings or air cooling, and HRC62 ~ 64, refer to accompanying drawing 2; 530 ~ 570 DEG C of * 1h tri-times during tempering, HRC59 ~ 62, refer to accompanying drawing 4;
9) check (two): according to process specifications inspection top heat treatment process situation, emphasis is hardness after heat treatment and flexibility;
10) align: adopt the artificial mode that combines with mechanical device, straightening work is carried out to the top after heat treatment, improves its linearity, meet lower passage grinding requirement;
11) cutting thread: adopt C6140 lathe, adopts the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, precision 7 grades;
12) roughly grind: adopt M131 cylindrical grinder according to process specifications corase grind top, adopt straight method segmentation to roughly grind profile, the depth of cut is not more than 0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put in outer cone surface, and every section of light requirement degree of slipping over connects;
13) refine: after after corase grind, top vertical hanging places 48 hours, (object is that nature is out of shape, eliminate machining stress), adopt H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine according to process specifications fine grinding top, employing is numbered O3333 program, fine grinding is to leaving surplus 0.05mm, and the depth of cut is not more than 0.03mm, fixed through section size φ 12.25mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
14) super mill: after top vertical hanging places 24 hours after fine grinding, (object is that nature is out of shape, eliminate machining stress), adopt H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine according to the super mill top of process specifications, employing is numbered O3333 program, surpass and be milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut is not more than 0.01mm, fixed through section size φ 12.20mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
15) polishing: adopt the C620 lathe mode that combines with special glazing machine to implement polishing to coming directly towards surface, top employing one is pushed up a folder mode clamping on C620 lathe, start lathe top to rotate, by special gas dynamic formula belt sander, adopt 120# accurate abrasive band essence to throw top cylindrical continuous curve surface, surface roughness is 0.1;
16) warehouse-in that oils is checked: test in the top after processing, the precision of emphasis inspection cylindrical continuous curve surface, linearity and hardness, grease (preventing corrosion) on top after the assay was approved, adopt special cock suspender after warehouse-in, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (preventing distortion).
Embodiment 2
Certain steel tube factory of iron company, implement the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel provided by the present invention, be the LD steel cold rolling top machining of certain model stainless steel for aviation seamless pipe of 19*1.5 for specification, it is characterized in that: be made up of sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat-treatment processing process, that is:
Process model is: blanking (Cutting Length, sawing machine) → heat treatment in advance (stress relief annealing) → rough turn (shape molding, C6140 lathe) → (continuous curve surface is contoured half finish turning, C6140 lathe) → dig flat body (the flat body of technique, B650 planer) → inspection (beating steel seal) → heat treatment (1 quenching, 3 high temperings, 1 differential annealing) → inspection (hardness, flexibility) → aligning → cutting thread (external screw thread, C620 lathe) (C620 lathe and special glazing machine) → checking oils puts in storage in → corase grind (M131 cylindrical grinder) → fine grinding (H160 numerically control grinder) → super mill (H160 numerically control grinder) → polishing.
The invention provides the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of small dimension stainless steel aviation seamless pipe LD steel, include following job step, that is:
1) blanking: adopt sawing machine, longitudinally cuts surely by the LD round steel of φ 40mm, every segment length 751mm;
2) heat treatment in advance: exactly stress relief annealing is carried out to blank round steel, object eliminates the internal stress in round rolling production, improve its mechanical performance, be easy to machining, require heating-up temperature 850 ± 10 DEG C, evenly ,≤40 DEG C/h temperature control is cooled to 500 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and refers to accompanying drawing 2-2 in heating (thoroughly burning);
3) rough turn (one): adopt C6140 lathe, carry out rough turn machining according to technical requirement to top blank, that is: both ends of the surface put down long 750mm, φ 5mm centre bore is bored in one end, the other end bores and attacks M8*1 screw thread, screw thread effective depth 30mm, and bores correction 60 degree of center holes; One top one folder mode clamping turnery processing M18*1.5 thread segment, outside diameter φ 20mm, length 37mm;
4) rough turn (two): adopt C6140 lathe and hydraulic tracing control mechanism to process to combination rough turning and come directly towards basic forming, counterweight 18KG, that is: top tune (changing direction), one top one folder mode clamping, scroll chuck folder φ 30mm place, Mohs 5# active top top M12*1.5 screwed hole (60 degree of circular cone chamfering places), installs YT15 billmpse tool; At template place of hydraulic tracing control mechanism, the curve top of φ 19*1.5 is installed as template (pattern), and correct the original position of lathe tool with top blank, because Workpiece length ratio is 750/13, belong to slender axles, and working bus bar is curve, poor rigidity can not use follow-rest, therefore adopts large anterior angle to be the lathe tool of 30 degree; Start hydraulic pressure profile modeling mechanism, adjustment pressure is 4 kilograms, and rough turn top profile, all puts surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is 12.5;
5) half finish turning: adopt C6140 lathe and hydraulic tracing control mechanism to process to combination half finish turning and come directly towards basic forming, install large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool, γ=30 degree, depth of cut 1mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is 3.2;
6) plane: adopt the flat body of B650 shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, for spanner flat locking during the dismounting of top, scene;
7) (one) is checked: according to process specifications inspection top machining situation, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves surplus number, and changeover portion knocks steel seal in top, numbering;
8) heat treatment: operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, that is: vacuum furnace is adopted to carry out primary quenching, three high temperings, an end differential annealing (object cutting thread), the vertical mode of heating in top is adopted during heat treatment, namely adopt special cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M8*1 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching, that is: 560 DEG C, 855 DEG C twice preheatings during quenching, 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C of oil coolings or air cooling, and HRC62 ~ 64, refer to accompanying drawing 2; 530 ~ 570 DEG C of * 1h tri-times during tempering, HRC59 ~ 62, refer to accompanying drawing 4;
9) check (two): according to process specifications inspection top heat treatment process situation, emphasis is hardness after heat treatment and flexibility;
10) align: adopt the artificial mode that combines with mechanical device, straightening work is carried out to the top after heat treatment, improves its linearity, meet lower passage grinding requirement;
11) cutting thread: adopt C6140 lathe, adopts the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, precision 7 grades;
12) roughly grind: adopt M131 cylindrical grinder according to process specifications corase grind top, adopt straight method segmentation to roughly grind profile, depth of cut 0.05mm, surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put in outer cone surface, and every section of light requirement degree of slipping over connects;
13) refine: after after corase grind, top vertical hanging places 48 hours, (object is that nature is out of shape, eliminate machining stress), adopt H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine according to process specifications fine grinding top, employing is numbered O4444 program, fine grinding is to leaving surplus 0.05mm, and depth of cut 0.02mm, determines through section size φ 16.12mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
14) super mill: after top vertical hanging places 24 hours after fine grinding, (object is that nature is out of shape, eliminate machining stress), adopt H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine according to the super mill top of process specifications, employing is numbered O4444 program, surpass and be milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut is not more than 0.008mm, fixed through section size φ 16.04mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
15) polishing: adopt the C620 lathe mode that combines with special glazing machine to implement polishing to coming directly towards surface, top employing one is pushed up a folder mode clamping on C620 lathe, start lathe top to rotate, by special gas dynamic formula belt sander, adopt 120# accurate abrasive band essence to throw top cylindrical continuous curve surface, surface roughness is 0.1;
16) warehouse-in that oils is checked: test in the top after processing, the precision of emphasis inspection cylindrical continuous curve surface, linearity and hardness, grease (preventing corrosion) on top after the assay was approved, adopt special cock suspender after warehouse-in, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (preventing distortion).
Embodiment 3
Certain steel tube factory of iron company, implement the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel provided by the present invention, be the LD steel cold rolling top machining of certain model stainless steel for aviation seamless pipe of 17*1.35 for specification, it is characterized in that: be made up of sawing machine, lathe, forming lathe, cylindrical grinder, numerically control grinder, polishing and heat-treatment processing process, that is:
Process model is: blanking (Cutting Length, sawing machine) → heat treatment in advance (stress relief annealing) → rough turn (shape molding, C6140 lathe) → (continuous curve surface is contoured half finish turning, C6140 lathe) → dig flat body (the flat body of technique, B650 planer) → inspection (beating steel seal) → heat treatment (1 quenching, 3 high temperings, 1 differential annealing) → inspection (hardness, flexibility) → aligning → cutting thread (external screw thread, C620 lathe) (C620 lathe and special glazing machine) → checking oils puts in storage in → corase grind (M131 cylindrical grinder) → fine grinding (H160 numerically control grinder) → super mill (H160 numerically control grinder) → polishing.
The invention provides the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of small dimension stainless steel aviation seamless pipe LD steel, include following job step, that is:
1) blanking: adopt sawing machine, longitudinally cuts surely by the LD round steel of φ 40mm, every segment length 751mm;
2) heat treatment in advance: exactly stress relief annealing is carried out to blank round steel, object eliminates the internal stress in round rolling production, improve its mechanical performance, be easy to machining, require heating-up temperature 850 ± 10 DEG C, evenly ,≤40 DEG C/h temperature control is cooled to 500 DEG C of air coolings of coming out of the stove, and refers to accompanying drawing 2-2 in heating (thoroughly burning);
3) rough turn (one): adopt C6140 lathe, carry out rough turn machining according to technical requirement to top blank, that is: both ends of the surface put down long 750mm, φ 5mm centre bore is bored in one end, the other end bores and attacks M6*1 screw thread, screw thread effective depth 30mm, and bores correction 60 degree of center holes; One top one folder mode clamping turnery processing M16*1.5 thread segment, outside diameter φ 20mm, length 37mm;
4) rough turn (two): adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to process to combination rough turning and come directly towards basic forming, counterweight 15KG, that is: top tune (changing direction), one top one folder mode clamping, scroll chuck folder φ 30mm place, Mohs 5# active top top M6*1 screwed hole (60 degree of circular cone chamfering places), installs YT15 billmpse tool; At counterweight feeler mechanism template place, the curve top of φ 17*1.35 is installed as template (pattern), and correct the original position of lathe tool with top blank, because Workpiece length ratio is 750/13, belong to slender axles, and working bus bar is curve, poor rigidity can not use follow-rest, therefore adopts large anterior angle to be the lathe tool of 30 degree; Rough turn top profile, all puts surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is 12.5;
5) half finish turning: adopt C6140 lathe and counterweight feeler mechanism to process to combination half finish turning and come directly towards basic forming, install large anterior angle half finish turning lathe tool, γ=30 degree, depth of cut 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is 3.2;
6) plane: adopt the flat body of B650 shaping machine planing top changeover portion technique, for spanner flat locking during the dismounting of top, scene;
7) (one) is checked: according to process specifications inspection top machining situation, emphasis is the machining accuracy (linearity, conicity) of continuous curve surface and leaves surplus number, and changeover portion knocks steel seal in top, numbering;
8) heat treatment: operation is heat-treated in the top of half finish turning machine-shaping, that is: vacuum furnace is adopted to carry out primary quenching, three high temperings, an end differential annealing (object cutting thread), the vertical mode of heating in top is adopted during heat treatment, namely adopt special cock suspender, be screwed in top end face M6*1 screwed hole vertical hanging (reducing the distortion after heating); Technology for Heating Processing model is :+three tempering of quenching, that is: 540 DEG C, 845 DEG C twice preheatings during quenching, 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C of oil coolings or air cooling, and HRC62 ~ 64, refer to accompanying drawing 2; 530 ~ 570 DEG C of * 1h tri-times during tempering, HRC59 ~ 62, refer to accompanying drawing 4; Also can carry out an end differential annealing, in 27-33 minute, be heated to 835-850 DEG C, then at 835-850 DEG C, be incubated 27-33 minute, cooled to 530 ~ 570 DEG C at 11-13 hour, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.Refer to Fig. 3.
9) check (two): according to process specifications inspection top heat treatment process situation, emphasis is hardness after heat treatment and flexibility;
10) align: adopt the artificial mode that combines with mechanical device, straightening work is carried out to the top after heat treatment, improves its linearity, meet lower passage grinding requirement;
11) cutting thread: adopt C6140 lathe, adopts the direct installation way of scroll chuck, finish turning M14*1.5 external screw thread, precision 7 grades;
12) roughly grind: adopt M131 cylindrical grinder according to process specifications corase grind top, adopt straight method segmentation to roughly grind profile, the depth of cut is not more than 0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put in outer cone surface, and every section of light requirement degree of slipping over connects;
13) refine: after after corase grind, top vertical hanging places 48 hours, (object is that nature is out of shape, eliminate machining stress), adopt H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine according to process specifications fine grinding top, employing is numbered O5555 program, fine grinding is to leaving surplus 0.05mm, and the depth of cut is not more than 0.03mm, fixed through section size φ 14.40mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
14) super mill: after top vertical hanging places 24 hours after fine grinding, (object is that nature is out of shape, eliminate machining stress), adopt H160 numerical control external cylindrical grinding machine according to the super mill top of process specifications, employing is numbered O5555 program, surpass and be milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut is not more than 0.01mm, fixed through section size φ 14.34mm, surface roughness is 0.2, tolerance 0.01mm;
15) polishing: adopt the C620 lathe mode that combines with special glazing machine to implement polishing to coming directly towards surface, top employing one is pushed up a folder mode clamping on C620 lathe, start lathe top to rotate, by special gas dynamic formula belt sander, adopt 120# accurate abrasive band essence to throw top cylindrical continuous curve surface, surface roughness is 0.1;
16) warehouse-in that oils is checked: test in the top after processing, the precision of emphasis inspection cylindrical continuous curve surface, linearity and hardness, grease (preventing corrosion) on top after the assay was approved, adopt special cock suspender after warehouse-in, be screwed in top end face M12*1.5 screwed hole vertical hanging (preventing distortion).
The invention provides the preparation method of the cold rolling top of a kind of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel, realize processing on universal machine process equipment, meet the processing needs of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel, effective raising is processed lumber recovery, reduces production cost, is reduced process time.Rational technology, operation is compact, practical, and machining accuracy is high, safe and efficient, employing universal machine tools are processed, and reduce production cost and equipment investment, adopt hydraulic tracing control mechanism, simple and easy to do efficiency is high, highly versatile, has certain reference, using value to close elongated shape Machining of Shaft-type Parts, can reduce correlative charges more than 150,000 yuan every year.
Claims (8)
1. a preparation method for the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel, comprises blanking, heat treatment in advance, lathe roughing, retrofit, heat treatment and Precision Machining, it is characterized in that: the method key step is as follows:
(1) in described lathe roughing, lathe and profiling processing mechanism are processed and comes directly towards basic forming; At profiling processing mechanism template place, installation curve top as template, and corrects the original position of lathe tool with top blank, rough turn top profile;
(2) retrofit: the top after roughing after half finish turning, heat treatment and aligning, respectively through corase grind and fine grinding; Described corase grind adopts straight method segmentation corase grind profile, the depth of cut 0.05 ~ 0.10mm, and surplus 0.20-0.30mm is all put in outer cone surface, and every section of light requirement degree of slipping over connects; Described fine grinding be by corase grind after top vertical hanging place and eliminate machining stress, the depth of cut is 0.01 ~ 0.03mm;
(3) Precision Machining: be divided into super mill and polishing two step; Described super mill be by fine grinding after top vertical hanging place and eliminate machining stress, be superly milled to dimensional requirement, the depth of cut 0.005 ~ 0.01mm; Described polishing is by top cylindrical continuous curve surface polishing; The heating-up temperature of described heat treatment in advance is 840-860 DEG C; Described Technology for Heating Processing comprises primary quenching, three high temperings.
2. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described profiling processing mechanism is counterweight profiling processing mechanism, described counterweight profiling processing mechanism is primarily of positioning support mechanism, profiling balance weight mechanism, roller rotating mechanism, stencil master element composition, described positioning support mechanism is for being fixed on guide ways on lathe bed by stencil master element, and described profiling balance weight mechanism is arranged on lathe middle carriage end face.
3. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: on the middle carriage of described lathe, be provided with emery wheel mechanism.
4. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described lathe roughing, controls all to put surplus 3.5-4.5mm, and surface roughness is Ra12.5.
5. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the described half finish turning operation of step (2), the depth of cut is not more than 2mm, all puts surplus 1.0-1.2mm, and surface roughness is Ra3.2.
6. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described heat treated quenching technical is: 540-560 DEG C, twice preheating of 840-860 DEG C temperature section, twice preheating insulation time is all 10-15 minute, 1100 ~ 1150 DEG C insulation 10-15 minute after oil cooling or air cooling, HRC62 ~ 64; Described tempering process is: 530 ~ 570 DEG C of insulation 50-70 minute, HRC59 ~ 62.
7. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Technology for Heating Processing comprises an end differential annealing.
8. the preparation method of the cold rolling top of aperture stainless steel seamless pipe LD steel according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described end differential annealing technique for be heated to 835-850 DEG C in 27-33 minute, then at 835-850 DEG C, 27-33 minute is incubated, cooled to 530 ~ 570 DEG C at 11-13 hour, air cooling is to room temperature subsequently.
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| CN102069345A (en) * | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-25 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing large-specification steel pipe retained mandrel |
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| CN101913057A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2010-12-15 | 湖北威风汽车配件股份有限公司 | Production method of low-consumable engine camshaft |
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