CN102946992A - Water absorbent material - Google Patents
Water absorbent material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102946992A CN102946992A CN2011800305451A CN201180030545A CN102946992A CN 102946992 A CN102946992 A CN 102946992A CN 2011800305451 A CN2011800305451 A CN 2011800305451A CN 201180030545 A CN201180030545 A CN 201180030545A CN 102946992 A CN102946992 A CN 102946992A
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- Prior art keywords
- oil palm
- water
- raw material
- parenchymal tissue
- trunk
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/485—Plants or land vegetals, e.g. cereals, wheat, corn, rice, sphagnum, peat moss
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/68—Superabsorbents
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed is a water absorbent material-which has as a primary component a minute particulate material that is obtained from oil palm trunks and that is called parenchyma that is in the trunks-wherein the abovementioned parenchyma has porous structural characteristics, and has the excellent characteristic of water absorbing performance decreasing very little even with respect to liquids containing organic solvents or liquids with high salt concentration such as seawater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the water imbibition raw material of natural origin.
Background technology
The high-hydroscopicity raw material be the decades of times that can absorb own wt to the raw material of thousands of times water, according to JIS method-K-7223, stipulate that the resin that every 1g resin possesses the above water absorbing properties of 10g is super absorbent resin.At present, use resin that N-N '-the methylene-bisacrylamide crosslinking sodium polyacrylate forms as synthetic be the representative of super absorbent resin and being widely used.Although synthetic is that super absorbent resin is widely used in disposable sanitary articles etc., biological degradability is low, and its method of disposal becomes problem.
Belong to the raw-material starch of natural origin or the cellulose of paper pulp, paper etc. and have water imbibition, being better than synthetic from the viewpoint of biological degradability is high hydroscopic resin.But cellulosic water imbibition is based on interfibrous capillarity, in any case be super absorbent resin less than synthesizing also.In addition, the water absorbing properties of water-absorbing material that is derived from starch is also low, does not belong to high absorbency material.And then, can become pulpous state during the starch suction, so difficult treatment.
Except cellulose, starch, as the high-hydroscopicity raw material take the polysaccharide of natural origin as principal component, the known polymer (patent documentation 1) that is derived from xanthans, be derived from the polymer (patent documentation 2) of Karaya Gum.
The prior art document
Patent documentation
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2003-192703 number
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2005-246121 number
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
But the xanthans, the Karaya Gum that belong to the polysaccharide of natural origin are water miscible, and be same with starch, can dissolve during suction, therefore is difficult to process.In order to address this problem, in the patent documentation 1, xanthans to be mixed 90 ℃ ~ 120 ℃ lower heating or with the poor solvent of xanthans carry out again heat treated.In addition, in the patent documentation 2, in Karaya Gum, add polybasic carboxylic acid, 120 ℃ ~ 180 ℃ lower heating, carry out surface-crosslinked again.As mentioned above, for the polysaccharide that utilizes natural origin as the water imbibition raw material, usually need to extract from natural material, refining such operation, and then, need as Karaya Gum, xanthans, process processing and make raw material insoluble.
Now, about the suction raw material of natural origin, need raw material easily to obtain, need not additionally to process to process and can reduce the raw material of operating cost.
The inventor etc. are studied the absorbent material of natural origin, found that, are not yet utilized so far and suffer the trees tissue in discarded oil palm source to have high-hydroscopicity, thereby finished the present invention.
For the scheme of dealing with problems
That is, the invention provides a kind of water imbibition raw material, it is take the raw material that are called as the parenchymatous fine particle shape in the trunk that obtained by the oil palm trunk as principal component.Parenchymal tissue in the oil palm trunk is the raw material of the fine particle shape that exists in the xylem of trunk inside.Water imbibition raw material of the present invention for example can be dry by the oil palm trunk that will fell and the solid constituent from xylem in separate parenchymal tissue and obtain.
The effect of invention
Water imbibition raw material of the present invention are raw material of natural origin, can be used in excreta processing, feed addictive, agricultural and gardening that animal uses with various fields such as materials.
Need to prove, different from xanthans, Karaya Gum, can make at an easy rate owing to need not to carry out heat treated.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the image of the outward appearance of the oil palm trunk that uses among the present invention of expression.
Fig. 2 is the cutaway view after the dotted line according to Fig. 1 cuts the oil palm trunk along its length.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the parenchymatous image (* 1) in expression oil palm source.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the fascicular image (* 1) in expression oil palm source.
Fig. 5 is the figure of the parenchymatous enlarged image (* 150) in expression oil palm source.
Fig. 6 is the figure of the fascicular image (* 550) in expression oil palm source.
Fig. 7 is the figure of the enlarged image (* 370) of parenchymal tissue after ball mill is processed in expression oil palm source.
The specific embodiment
Oil palm is the babassu of cultivating be used to taking palm oil, in order to keep the grease production rate, fells, replants in approximately per 25 years.In Malaysia, at present, in order to carry out annual approximately 40,000 hectares replant, approximately 3,000 ten thousand tons oil palm is felled, but the recycling of its trunk there is no and carry out, and directly places afterwards in felling.
Fig. 1 represents the outward appearance of oil palm trunk.Fig. 2 is according to the cutaway view after shown in Fig. 1 dotted line the oil palm trunk being cut along its length.As shown in Figure 2, the oil palm trunk is the xylem structure that is formed by parenchymal tissue 1, vascular bundle 2 and bark 3.Near the bark 3 outer section is because moisture is lower, thereby only outer section can realize utilizing at glued board.But, about parenchymal tissue 1, vascular bundle 2, only to have studied its hydrolysis and the raw material used as alcohol fermentation, it utilizes not yet and establishes.In addition, the inventor etc. have reported following content: in the oil palm trunk of felling, contain in a large number the fermentable hexose that is suitable for alcohol fermentation in contained a large amount of resin, therefore, can be with resin directly as the raw material of alcohol fermentation.
For the oil palm trunk, will extract water insoluble active ingredient behind the resin, namely squeeze the juice residue after drying, can easily be separated into pulverous fine particle shape solid constituent and needle-like solid composition by sieve etc.In this specification pulverous fine particle shape solid constituent is called parenchymal tissue.In addition, also can not squeeze resin and with the oil palm trunk drying of felling, from xylem, separate parenchymal tissue.
The parenchymal tissue of oil palm, be that water imbibition raw material of the present invention have the intensive loose structure that forms in fine hole, think that this loose structure plays an important role to water absorbing properties.
The parenchymal tissue of oil palm only by the xylem in the trees of oil palm trunk is carried out fiber separation, drying obtains, do not need the additional treatments such as heat treated under the high temperature, energy required when therefore making is also few, compares with extraction, the purifying of polysaccharide, has reduced operating cost.
The parenchymal tissue of oil palm is the meeting swelling when adding water, but is not gel under water-free state.
Even containing salt, the parenchymatous water absorbing capacity of organic principle in the moisture also is the large feature of one less than changing almost also.Therefore, it is the absorbent articles of purpose that parenchymal tissue can be applied to absorb the body fluid such as urine, sweat, saliva, blood, and the freshness of the excreta absorbing material of using such as paper nappy, portable toilet, pet, meat, fish keeps material etc.In addition, be not only body fluid, can also make the absorbent articles of the Construction of Civil Engineering material that absorbs muddy water, river, seawater, mix with soil, fertilizer as soil improvement material or as the absorbent articles of the agricultural such as the water-keeping material in nonirrigated farmland and gardening material and use etc., extensively scope utilization.
Parenchymal tissue can be individually made absorbent articles with cloth for example, nonwoven parcel, also as required potpourri, deodorant, inorganic matter etc. in absorbent articles.
Water imbibition raw material of the present invention also can contain water in advance, mix with inorganic matter, soil or fertilizer again.
Followingly according to embodiment water imbibition raw material of the present invention and manufacture method thereof are described.Need to prove, the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The oil palm trunk is divided into around the hard bark in the outside and the xylem of yellow-white.
Remove the bark of the oil palm of felling, the solid residue behind squeezing xylem, the resin of will squeezing the juice was descended dry 1 day to 3 days at 60 ℃.After dry thing pulverized gently with mortar, when separating by sieve separable go out pulverous fine particle, parenchymal tissue (diameter 30 μ m ~ 50 μ m), with hard solid constituent, the vascular bundle of needle-like.
Parenchymatous image is shown in Fig. 3, and fascicular image is shown in Fig. 4.As can be known, parenchymal tissue is pulverous fine particle, and vascular bundle is the form of needle-like.About parenchymal tissue and fascicular group component, approximately 50 ~ 60% of xylem, parenchymal tissue, remaining is vascular bundle.
Parenchymal tissue and vascular bundle is lower dry 1 day at 70 ℃.Each solid constituent of weighing 1g, but put into respectively the tea bag (tea bag) of the condition (even 100 times of sack sizes that suction is not also broken) that satisfies free swell, and dipping is 1 hour in 1 liter 20 ℃ distilled water.Then, with tea bag hang up 3 hours, weighing (20 ℃) behind the dry, and obtain water absorbent rate by the weight difference before and after the dipping by following formula.Show the result in table 1.
Weight (g) before water absorbent rate=(weight (g) before the weight behind the dipping (g)-dipping)/dipping
In order to compare, microcrystalline cellulose powder (the Sigmacell of difference weighing 1g, Sigma-Aldrich), cellulose powder (WATT MANN CO, .LTD), starch (corn source, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), silica gel (WakoPure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), agar (cultivate and use by microorganism, Wako PureChemical Industries, Ltd.), gellan gum (Wako Pure ChemicalIndustries, Ltd.), put into the tea bag of the condition (even 100 times of sack sizes that suction is not also broken) that satisfies free swelling, dipping is 1 hour in 1 liter 20 ℃ distilled water.Then tea bag is hung up weighing (20 ℃) behind 3 hours, dry (it is designated as amount of resin behind the dipping), by with dipping before the weight difference of amount of resin obtain water absorption rate.Show the result in table 1.
[table 1]
Can clearly be seen that from this result, the solid constituent, the especially parenchymal tissue that are obtained by the oil palm trunk have very high water absorbing properties.Vascular bundle is 1.4 times water absorbent rate, and parenchymal tissue demonstrates its approximately water absorbent rate of 20 times.That is, water-absorbing material of the present invention possesses the performance that the super absorbent resin with JIS method-K-7223 defined is equal to mutually as can be known.
The known solid constituent that derives from the oil palm trunk contains cellulose, hemicellulose and a small amount of starch as its constituent, but compares with commercially available cellulose, the starch component enumerated as a comparative example, has shown high water absorbing capacity.Therefore, shown that this parenchymatous water absorbing properties has based on the different function of the water absorbing capacity that has from cellulose, starch or the water absorbing capacity of structure.In addition, demonstrate as can be known the water absorption rate that the gellan gum with commercial natural origin is equal to mutually.
Embodiment 2
In order to study parenchymatous water absorption character, the solution that contains high salt concentration, the soaking effect that contains the solution of organic solvent are tested.
The 1g parenchymal tissue is put into tea bag, is immersed in 1 liter 20 ℃ sodium chloride 5%(w%), in 10%, 20% solution.Show the result in table 2.
About containing the solution of organic solvent, prepare respectively methyl alcohol (Wako PureChemical Industries, Ltd. superfine)-distilled water 10%, 30%(v%) solution and ethanol (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. superfine)-distilled water 10%, 30%(v%) solution, carry out parenchymatous dipping.To the results are shown in table 3.
[table 2]
[table 3]
Compare with impregnated parenchymatous water absorbent rate in distilled water, impregnated parenchymatous water absorbent rate is not almost observed variation in 5%, 10%, 20% sodium chloride solution.In addition, when parenchymal tissue is flooded, observe some reductions of water absorbent rate in methyl alcohol, ethanol water, but demonstrate the water absorption rate that almost equates with distilled water.Can clearly be seen that from these results, even to the solution that contains high salt concentration, the solution that contains organic solvent, parenchymal tissue also has and wettability power to the distilled water same level.
Embodiment 3
For the parenchymatous water absorbing capacity to the oil palm trunk studies in great detail, with the parenchymatous structure of electron microscope observation post preparation.Its electron microscope image is shown in Fig. 5.Can clearly be seen that from Fig. 5, parenchymal tissue has the intensive structure of cellular structure fine as eggshell.Relative therewith, as shown in Figure 6, there is not fine hole intensive in the vascular bundle part as can be known, structurally be diverse.
In order to confirm whether this structure is relevant with water imbibition, carry out ball mill and process (processed in 6 hours at 5 minutes intervals), destroy parenchymatous loose structure and confirm by electron microscope.Its electron microscope image is shown in Fig. 7.Its results verification to 8 becomes above porous to break, destroyed.The parenchymal tissue of using this loose structure to be destroyed is carried out impregnation process in distilled water, found that water absorbent rate is 2.5 times, significantly reduces.Can clearly be seen that from these results, for parenchymatous water absorbing capacity, the loose structure that this parenchymal tissue has is important.
Embodiment 4
In order to confirm parenchymatous biological degradability, after parenchymal tissue flooded, will be transferred to culture dish with the parenchymal tissue that gauze is removed excessive moisture in 0.05M phosphate buffer pH5.5, the soil that contains microorganism with about 0.5g mixes, sprawl flatly, make solid medium, 30 ℃ of lower cultivations.Be cultured to the 2nd day and mainly confirm hyphomycetic vigorous breeding.
In order to confirm whether parenchymal tissue can decompose by fungous enzyme, (Sigma company Cellulase), reacted 48 hours under 50 ℃, in the acetate buffer solution (pH5.0) to add the commercially available fungous enzyme of 1ml with respect to the 1g parenchymal tissue.After the reaction, under rotating speed 14000,4 ℃, with decomposed solution after centrifugal 5 minutes,, sugar formed measure to debita spissitudo with the distilled water diluting supernatant.
In order to measure each contained in decomposed solution free sugar, (Shimadzu Seisakusho Ltd. makes, and Prominence) measures by using high performance liquid chromatograph based on the differential refraction detector of AMINEX HPX-87P chromatographic column (Bio-Rad).
Its result detects cellobiose, glucose, xylobiose, wood sugar, arabinose, confirms parenchymal tissue and decomposes by enzyme.Can confirm parenchymal tissue from these results is the high-hydroscopicity raw material with biodegradability.
Can clearly be seen that from above result, the high-hydroscopicity that is had by the drying standby parenchymal tissue of oil palm tree can depend on its distinctive cellular structure characteristic, and then distinguishes that it has biodegradability.
Therefore, can be utilized as the high-hydroscopicity raw material by oil palm tree drying standby solid constituent, especially parenchymal tissue.
The dank material parcel such as water imbibition raw material of the present invention also can paper using, cloth and make absorbent articles.In addition, because based on the cellular structure characteristic, thereby the high salt concentration solution such as seawater, the water absorbing properties that contains the solution of flammable organic solvent almost do not reduced yet, therefore owing to these reasons, also can be used in and be subject to poor environment environmental pollution, disaster, in the poor environment region and improve raw material.In addition, can be as the soil improvement material that absorbs moisture, again the moisture that absorbs is slowly discharged.
Claims (4)
1. water imbibition raw material, wherein, its with the raw material that are called as the parenchymatous fine particle shape in the trunk that obtained by the oil palm trunk as principal component.
2. water imbibition raw material according to claim 1, wherein, described parenchymal tissue is the granular raw material that obtained by the oil palm trunk of felling.
3. water imbibition raw material according to claim 1, wherein, described parenchymal tissue is the residue that obtains after described oil palm trunk is squeezed the juice.
4. the raw-material manufacture method of water imbibition is characterized in that, separates parenchymal tissue from the solid constituent that the oil palm trunk by oil palm trunk or felling obtains.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010-097436 | 2010-04-20 | ||
| JP2010097436A JP2011224479A (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2010-04-20 | Water absorbing material |
| PCT/JP2011/059629 WO2011132675A1 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-04-19 | Water absorbent material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102946992A true CN102946992A (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| CN102946992B CN102946992B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180030545.1A Expired - Fee Related CN102946992B (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-04-19 | Water absorbent material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2011224479A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102946992B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY171656A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2011132675A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107072917A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-08-18 | 东亚纳米纤维素株式会社 | It make use of the nano-cellulose of non-wood system biomass and cosmetic composition, the high absorbency material including it |
| CN112604389A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-04-06 | 无锡华南钢结构环保有限公司 | Water mist separator for gas turbine air intake system |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6086523B2 (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2017-03-01 | 株式会社パームホルツ | Oil palm compact |
| WO2016159402A1 (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2016-10-06 | 주식회사 아시아모빌 | Paper composition using oil palm trunk and method for preparing same |
| ES2834054T3 (en) * | 2016-03-01 | 2021-06-16 | Biosolvit Ind Comercio E Distribuicao De Fibras Vegetais E Productus Derivados Ltda | Procedure to obtain hydrocarbon absorbent and product obtained |
| JP7260861B2 (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2023-04-19 | 株式会社パームホルツ | How to use palm wood |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010000491A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Hokkaido Ecosys:Kk | Oil adsorbent having water repellency |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0671171A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1994-03-15 | Masanaka Watanabe | Tropical palm adsorbent |
| JPH11293677A (en) * | 1998-04-14 | 1999-10-26 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Vegetation basic material |
| JP3969913B2 (en) * | 1999-11-19 | 2007-09-05 | 正中 渡邉 | Raw garbage processing method and processed product |
| JP4604136B1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社 東亜興業 | Pulp manufacturing apparatus, pulp manufacturing method, and high-concentration pulper |
-
2010
- 2010-04-20 JP JP2010097436A patent/JP2011224479A/en active Pending
-
2011
- 2011-04-19 CN CN201180030545.1A patent/CN102946992B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-04-19 MY MYPI2012700795A patent/MY171656A/en unknown
- 2011-04-19 WO PCT/JP2011/059629 patent/WO2011132675A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010000491A (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2010-01-07 | Hokkaido Ecosys:Kk | Oil adsorbent having water repellency |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| BRIAN J.B. WOOD: "《发酵食品微生物学》", 31 July 2001, article "酒精饮料", pages: 537-538 * |
| TOMIMURA, YOICHI: "Chemical Characteristics of Oil Palm Trunk", 《BULLETIN OF THE FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, IBARAKI》, no. 362, 31 December 1992 (1992-12-31) * |
| 向林仕: "《三点一测丛书高中化学（选修）有机化学基础》", 31 August 2006, article "高分子材料", pages: 167 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107072917A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-08-18 | 东亚纳米纤维素株式会社 | It make use of the nano-cellulose of non-wood system biomass and cosmetic composition, the high absorbency material including it |
| CN112604389A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-04-06 | 无锡华南钢结构环保有限公司 | Water mist separator for gas turbine air intake system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2011224479A (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| WO2011132675A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
| CN102946992B (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| MY171656A (en) | 2019-10-22 |
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