CN102944748B - Landfill resistivity irregular factor test and engineering safety warning method and system - Google Patents
Landfill resistivity irregular factor test and engineering safety warning method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944748B CN102944748B CN201210455244.XA CN201210455244A CN102944748B CN 102944748 B CN102944748 B CN 102944748B CN 201210455244 A CN201210455244 A CN 201210455244A CN 102944748 B CN102944748 B CN 102944748B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a landfill resistivity irregular factor test and engineering safety warning method and system. The method comprises the following steps that in the whole process of landfill stacking body construction, operation and maintenance period, a data acquiring probe acquires a horizontal resistance signal and a vertical resistance signal of a landfill body which is tested by a landfill; a data acquiring control module calculates a horizontal resistance value and a vertical resistance value of the landfill which is tested by the landfill according to an unbalanced bridge principal; an intelligent control terminal calculates a resistivity irregular factor according to the horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistance value of the tested landfill body, thereby monitoring the change situation of the internal structure of the landfill stacking body in the whole process of construction, operation and maintenance period, and further performing landfill engineering safety warning. The system provided by the invention can be used throughout the construction of the landfill work, and has the advantages of simple and fast operation, continuousness and non-destructiveness, reliable result, low cost, easiness in promotion and the like, and filling the blank of landfill work risk evaluation and engineering safety warning, and has strong promotion and application values.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to project security monitoring and early warning technology field, relate in particular to a kind of method and system of testing the irregular factor of refuse landfill resistivity.
Background technology
Garbage sanitary filling occupies critical role as the final disposal means of rubbish always, remains at present the major way of the overwhelming majority of countries garbage disposal that comprises China.Although the environmental engineering measures such as antiseepage, compacting, covering and collection have been taked in sanitary landfill, some characteristics such as its landfill discrepancy in elevation is large, gas production rate is many, or the safe operation of landfill yard is formed to potential threat.All there is the large landslide of junk-heap body and caused biogas big bang in ，Ru Turkey, Philippine etc. abroad, buries the tragedy in whole village.At home, having there is junk-heap body landslide in Chongqing Liangfengya refuse landfill in 2002, causes great personal injury and property loss.The domestic safety pre-warning system that also there is no maturation, refuse landfill reliably at present.Therefore, how refuse landfill being carried out to effective and safe early warning, is the important topic of pendulum in face of us.
Aspect the on-the-spot geotechnique's test of garbage loading embeading and safety monitoring, conventional on-the-spot test (probing and sampling, static sounding), shop experiment (comprising three axles and direct shear test), load test and back analysis method acquire the shearing strength of sample at present; Adopt field monitoring side slope surface displacement, lateral shift, leachate level and situation of change to carry out the project security monitoring of landfill yard.Although these traditional geotechniques test and field monitoring result can provide important evidence for differentiation and the emergency repair measure decision-making that garbage loading embeading is piled body Failure Model, can provide significant data for practice test and the choosing of safety monitoring index that garbage loading embeading is piled body Stability Assessment method, but also there is following some deficiency in undeniable these traditional monitoring technology: (1) convenient and swift real-time is inadequate; Monitoring Result is combined not tight with data such as geology, environment, constructions, fail to organically combine with the distortion microscopic mechanism of junk-heap body, thereby make monitoring result sometimes be difficult to obtain reasonable dismissal, cause its Monitoring Result application level low, engineering risk safety assessment pre-alerting ability is low.(2) traditional Monitoring Data also remains many gaps from landfill engineering safety early warning system, the current still blank out of garbage loading embeading Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety early warning system.Although develop morely and monitor at present safety forecast system software, especially take dam as main, and operation technique content and the technical requirement of some early warning systems are high, the cost of operation and maintenance is larger, is difficult to promote in garbage loading embeading engineering; The ease for use of some systems, reliability, expandability need further to improve.Therefore, at landfill engineering safety potential problem, day by day manifest instantly, be badly in need of exploitation a kind of simple and efficient, harmless continuously, economy and practicality are better, the achievement property understood, the Real-Time Monitoring new technology that reliability is stronger, monitor at any time the immanent structure situation of change of landfill heap body, thereby strengthen garbage loading embeading engineering risk safety assessment pre-alerting ability.Simultaneously, urgent need is carried out the research of the assessment of landfill heap body engineering safety, prediction and early warning system, realization to landfill yard gradually changeable and sudden deformation instability accident in time, accurately prediction, for the elimination of landfill yard engineering accident hidden danger and provide theory and technical support to the safe disposal of engineering accident.
According to document Investigation, at present, there is no the report of refuse landfill Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety early warning system software.The present invention intends introducing the irregular factor concept of resistivity, sets up the irregular factor test macro of resistivity Real-Time Monitoring refuse landfill textural anomaly situation, thereby obtains landfill Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety warning function.
Ground resistivity is one of ground inherent characteristic parameter.Some scholars' achievement in research shows, ground resistivity can reflect geotechnical structure and situation of change thereof well.In recent years, abroad some experts and scholars starts to explore the irregular factor technique of application resistivity, and the deformation process of monitoring Rock And Soil, discloses the immanent structure change mechanism in its deformation process.Such as, Jackson etc. are defined as Δ ρ by the irregular factor of resistivity
t=(ρ
t-ρ
0)/ρ
0, Δ ρ wherein
tfor the irregular factor of resistivity, ρ
0, ρ
tbe respectively initial electrical resistivity and real-time resistivity; By lasting the on-the-spot test of 18 months irregular factors of resistivity, monitor out the unusual condition in embankment.Samouelian etc. produce in the process of crack in drying and watering cycle by test loess piece, the change in resistance in different directions and the degree of depth, and the crack that has obtained soil block is developed and law of development.
Although not yet find that at present the irregular factor of resistivity is applied to the research report of garbage loading embeading field deformation and STABILITY MONITORING both at home and abroad, but above-mentioned work shows, the irregular factor technique of resistivity possesses the good Research foundation that characterizes and measure garbage loading embeading field deformation and stability parameter, in the application of garbage loading embeading engineering Real-Time Monitoring, have larger potentiality, this is the basic point of departure that the present invention carries out landfill Risk assessment on engineering and the research of engineering safety warning function.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of early warning system of testing the method for the irregular factor of refuse landfill resistivity and carrying out landfill yard engineering safety, be intended to overcome instantly, following some deficiency of the traditional monitoring technology of the on-the-spot geotechnique's test of garbage loading embeading and project security monitoring: 1) convenient and swift real-time is inadequate, Monitoring Result and geology, environment, construction information is not in conjunction with tight, fail to organically combine with the distortion microscopic mechanism of junk-heap body, make monitoring result sometimes be difficult to obtain reasonable dismissal, cause Monitoring Result application level low, engineering risk safety assessment pre-alerting ability is low.2) current, garbage loading embeading Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety early warning system or blank.And operation technique content and the technical requirement of safety pre-warning system that is applied at present the correlation engineering such as dam is high, the cost of operation and maintenance is larger, is difficult to promote in garbage loading embeading engineering, and the ease for use of its system, reliability and expandability are poor.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of testing the irregular factor of refuse landfill resistivity, resistivity is irregular because of sub-definite Δ ρ
t=(ρ
t-ρ
0)/ρ
0, Δ ρ wherein
tfor the irregular factor of resistivity, ρ
t, ρ
0be respectively real-time ball resistivity and original ball resistivity; First obtain horizontal resistivity ρ
levelwith vertical resistivity ρ
vertically, then by horizontal resistivity ρ
leveland vertical resistivity ρ
verticallybe converted to ball electricalresistivityρ
ball=(2 * ρ
water flat+ ρ
vertically)/3; The ball resistivity obtaining under original state is original ball resistivity, and the resistivity obtaining under real-time status is real-time ball resistivity, and the irregular factor computing formula of both substitution resistivity is obtained to irregular factor Δ ρ
t.
Further, in refuse landfill, the electricalresistivityρ of landfill body can be expressed as ρ=(RS)/L=(Δ VS)/(IL); In formula: S is electrode area, the m of unit
2, L is electrode separation, the m of unit, and I is strength of current, the A of unit, R is soil body resistance in refuse landfill; In rubbish landfill yard, soil body resistance R adopts nonequilibrium bridge to measure.
Further, on the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, build the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled; Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of system of testing the irregular factor of refuse landfill resistivity and carrying out the early warning of landfill engineering safety, this system comprises:
For gathering horizontal resistance signal and the vertical resistor signal of the garbage loading embeading place test soil body, and the data acquisition probe device that gathered horizontal resistance signal and vertical resistor value signal are exported;
Be connected with described data acquisition probe device, for receiving horizontal resistance value signal and the vertical resistor value signal of described data acquisition probe device output, according to nonequilibrium bridge principle, calculate horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of the garbage loading embeading place test soil body, and the data acquisition and control module that the horizontal resistance value calculating and vertical resistor value are exported with the form of electric signal;
Be connected with described data acquisition and control module, for receiving horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of described data acquisition and control module output, according to the horizontal resistance value of the tested soil body and vertical resistor value, calculate the irregular factor of acquisition resistivity, and according to the constructive variations of the irregular factor reflection of resistivity landfill body, carry out the control of intelligent terminal of safe early warning.
Further, described control of intelligent terminal, be on the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, build the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled.Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
Further, described data acquisition probe device is connected with described data acquisition and control module by shielding line, and described data acquisition and control module is connected with described control of intelligent terminal by shielding line.
Further, described data acquisition probe device comprises: horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode, cruciform testing tool, temperature sensor, penetrator;
Described horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode is arranged on the two ends of the horizontal direction of cruciform tester, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode is arranged in the end positions up and down of cruciform tester vertical direction, described temperature sensor is arranged on the foundation place of described cruciform testing tool, and described horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode and temperature sensor are connected with described data acquisition and control module by shielding line;
Described horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode carry out the measurement of resistance when different, and every 10 second wheels follow once;
Described data acquisition and control module further comprises: AC power generator, ac-dc converter circuit, unbalanced bridge, many grades of change-over switches, signal conditioning circuit;
Described AC power generator is connected with described ac-dc converter circuit, described ac-dc converter circuit is connected with described unbalanced bridge, described unbalanced bridge is connected with described many grades of change-over switches and signal conditioning circuit respectively, three arm values in described unbalanced bridge equate, in described many grades of change-over switches, be provided with the gear of 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1000 Ω, 1M Ω, soil body resistance to be measured is provided with 1-10 Ω, 10-100 Ω, 100-1000 Ω, tetra-gears of 1000-1M Ω in described many grades of change-over switches.
Further, described cruciform testing tool adopts organic glass pipe manufacturer to form, and the waterproof sealing of described cruciform testing tool joint adopts 504 glue and glass cement.
Further, described penetrator is that built refuse landfill is just enabled.Its major function is to the landfill body of built landfill yard hole (aperture), get into the pre-buried depth of described cruciform tester, the measuring point mounting cylinder that rear utilization penetrator is supporting, sends into described cruciform tester to be installed to specified location in landfill body.Described penetrator is opened cone cylinder by urceolus and measuring point mounting cylinder, sliding sleeve, four and is formed, urceolus and measuring point mounting cylinder form by 10 joints, long 1 meter of every joint, can be fixedly connected with by screw thread each other, outside surface indicates scale, is also provided with strike cap on urceolus, hits the peripheral two ends of cap and is welded with two earrings, between two earrings, be provided with a STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS, the lower end of urceolus is provided with the flapper-type four that steel make and opens cone cylinder.
Further, described control of intelligent terminal is further used for, on the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, building the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled; Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
Further, the temperature sensor on described data acquisition probe device has been realized control of intelligent terminal temperature has been compensated, the electricalresistivityρ of the soil body in the time of 18 ℃
18=ρ
t* (1+ α * (T-18)), wherein ρ
18the resistivity of soil while being 18 ℃; ρ
tfor temperature and resistance rate; T is temperature; α is test constant, adopts 0.025 ℃
-1.
The irregular factor test of refuse landfill resistivity provided by the invention and engineering safety method for early warning and system, data acquisition probe device gathers horizontal resistance signal and the vertical resistor signal of garbage loading embeading place test landfill body, data acquisition and control module calculates horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of garbage loading embeading place test landfill body according to nonequilibrium bridge principle, control of intelligent terminal calculates the irregular factor of acquisition resistivity according to the horizontal resistance value of tested landfill body and vertical resistor value, and then Real-Time Monitoring landfill heap body is in construction, operation, immanent structure situation of change in whole process of maintenance phase, thereby be the sedimentation of Landfill, seepage, landslide waits engineering safety hidden danger that reliable early warning is provided.This system can be through landfill engineering construction operation all the time, have simple and efficient to handle, continuously harmless, achievement is reliable, with low cost, be easy to the advantages such as popularization, and filled up the blank of landfill Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety early warning, there is stronger propagation and employment and be worth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of the irregular factor of test refuse landfill resistivity provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the front elevation of the data acquisition probe device that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the data acquisition probe device that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the key wiring diagram of the unbalanced bridge that provides of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 11, data acquisition probe device; 111, horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode; 112, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode; 113, cruciform testing tool; 114, temperature sensor; 115, measuring point mounting cylinder; 116 urceolus; 117 sliding sleeves; 118 4 open cone cylinder; 119 hinges; 12, data acquisition and control module; 121, AC power generator; 122, ac-dc converter circuit; 123, unbalanced bridge; 124, many grades of change-over switches; 125, signal conditioning circuit; 13, control of intelligent terminal; 14, shielding line.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, and be not used in restriction invention.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of testing the irregular factor of refuse landfill resistivity, resistivity is irregular because of sub-definite Δ ρ
t=(ρ
t-ρ
0)/ρ
0, Δ ρ wherein
tfor the irregular factor of resistivity, ρ
t, ρ
0be respectively original ball resistivity and real-time ball resistivity.
In embodiments of the present invention, first obtain horizontal resistivity ρ
levelwith vertical resistivity ρ
vertically, then by horizontal resistivity ρ
leveland vertical resistivity ρ
verticallybe converted to ball electricalresistivityρ
ball=(2 * ρ
level+ ρ
vertically)/3, the ball resistivity obtaining under original state is original ball resistivity, the resistivity obtaining under real-time status is real-time ball resistivity, and the irregular factor computing formula of both substitution resistivity is obtained to irregular factor Δ ρ
t.
In embodiments of the present invention, in refuse landfill, the electricalresistivityρ of sample can be expressed as ρ=(RS)/L=(Δ VS)/(IL);
In formula: S is electrode area, the m of unit
2, L is electrode separation, the m of unit, and I is strength of current, the A of unit, R is soil body resistance in refuse landfill.
In embodiments of the present invention, in refuse landfill, soil body resistance R adopts nonequilibrium bridge to measure.
On the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, build the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled; Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the system of the irregular factor of test refuse landfill resistivity that the embodiment of the present invention provides.For convenience of explanation, only show part related to the present invention.
This system comprises:
For gathering horizontal resistance signal and the vertical resistor signal of the garbage loading embeading place test soil body, and the data acquisition probe device 11 that gathered horizontal resistance signal and vertical resistor value signal are exported;
Be connected with data acquisition probe device 11, for receiving horizontal resistance value signal and the vertical resistor value signal of 11 outputs of data acquisition probe device, according to nonequilibrium bridge principle, calculate horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of the garbage loading embeading place test soil body, and the data acquisition and control module 12 that the horizontal resistance value calculating and vertical resistor value are exported with the form of electric signal;
Be connected with data acquisition and control module 12, for receiving horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of data acquisition and control module 12 outputs, according to the horizontal resistance value of the tested soil body and vertical resistor value, calculate the irregular factor of acquisition resistivity, and according to the structural change situation of the irregular factor reflection of resistivity landfill heap body, carry out the control of intelligent terminal 13 of safe early warning.
Control of intelligent terminal 13 is further used for, on the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, building the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled; Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
In embodiments of the present invention, data acquisition probe device 11 is connected with data acquisition and control module 12 by shielding line 14, and data acquisition and control module 12 is connected with control of intelligent terminal 13 by shielding line 14.
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, in embodiments of the present invention, data acquisition probe device 11 comprises: horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode 111, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode 112, cruciform testing tool 113, temperature sensor 114; Penetrator (by measuring point mounting cylinder 115, urceolus 116, sliding sleeve 117, four open cone cylinder 118, hinge 119 is formed);
Horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode 111 and vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode 112 are arranged on the apical position of cruciform testing tool 113, temperature sensor 114 is arranged on the foundation place of cruciform testing tool 113, and horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode 111, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode 112 and temperature sensor 114 are connected with data acquisition and control module 12 by shielding line 14;
Horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode 111, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode 112 carry out the measurement of resistance when different, and every 10 second wheels follow once;
Data acquisition and control module 12 further comprises: AC power generator 121, ac-dc converter circuit 122, unbalanced bridge 123, many grades of change-over switches 124, signal conditioning circuit 125;
In embodiments of the present invention, cruciform testing tool 113 adopts organic glass pipe manufacturer to form, and the waterproof sealing of cruciform testing tool 113 joints adopts 504 glue and glass cement.
In embodiments of the present invention, the temperature sensor 114 on data acquisition probe device 11 has been realized 13 pairs of temperature of control of intelligent terminal and has been compensated, the electricalresistivityρ of the soil body in the time of 18 ℃
18=ρ
t* (1+ α * (T-18)), wherein ρ
18the resistivity of soil while being 18 ℃; ρ
tfor temperature and resistance rate; T is temperature; α is test constant, adopts 0.025 ℃
-1.
In embodiments of the present invention, penetrator is that built refuse landfill is just enabled.Its major function is to the landfill body of built landfill yard hole (aperture), get into the pre-buried depth of described cruciform tester, the measuring point mounting cylinder that rear utilization penetrator is supporting, sends into described cruciform tester to be installed to specified location in landfill yard.
Penetrator by urceolus 116, measuring point mounting cylinder 115, sliding sleeve 117, four open cone cylinder 118, hinge 119 is formed, urceolus 116, measuring point mounting cylinder 115 form by 10 joints, long 1 meter of every joint, can be fixedly connected with by screw thread each other, measuring point mounting cylinder outside surface indicates scale, is also provided with strike cap on urceolus, hits the peripheral two ends of cap and is welded with two earrings, between two earrings, be provided with a STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS, the lower end of urceolus is provided with the flapper-type cone cylinder point that steel are made.
Below in conjunction with drawings and the specific embodiments, application principle of the present invention is further described.
Technical indicator: resistivity measurement precision 0.5%F.S; Measure the irregular factor of resistivity of the on-the-spot different section of refuse landfill and multi-measuring point, and real-time analysis and save data; Temperature sensor 114 measurement ranges are-20 ℃-50 ℃, trueness error ± 0.5%F.S; Fourth gear bridge road, every grade of arm resistance 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1000 Ω, 1M Ω, by many grades of rotary switch manual switchovers of multilayer; When horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode 111, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode 112 difference, measure, every 10 second wheels follow once; The operating voltage of unbalanced bridge 123: exchange 6.5V.
Test philosophy: resistivity is irregular because of sub-definite Δ ρ
t=(ρ
t-ρ
0)/ρ
0, Δ ρ wherein
tfor the irregular factor of resistivity, ρ
t, ρ
0be respectively real-time ball resistivity and original ball resistivity.
After test, first obtain horizontal resistivity ρ horizontal and vertical electricalresistivityρ vertical, then be converted into ball electricalresistivityρ
ball=(2 * ρ
level+ ρ
vertically)/3.Original ball resistivity and the real-time irregular factor computing formula of ball resistivity substitution are obtained to the irregular factor.
The electricalresistivityρ of sample can be expressed as: ρ=(RS)/L=(Δ VS)/(IL), in formula: S is electrode area (m
2), L is electrode separation (m), and I is strength of current (A), and electricalresistivityρ=(RS)/L must first try to achieve resistance R.
In reality, want to try to achieve faint resistance variations, generally by bridge diagram, realize.The ESEU-1 type soil Instrument Measuring Resistivity of Carbon Products of Southeast China University's development is by regulating after bridge balance, utilizing bridge balance formula to try to achieve the resistance of the soil body.But regulate bridge balance to need manual operation, be unfavorable for automatic collection, adopt nonequilibrium bridge to measure the resistance value of the soil body, principle as shown in Figure 4.
R wherein
xfor the resistance of the tested soil body or rubbish body, E, for for bridge voltage, can be direct current, can be also to exchange, and the embodiment of the present invention adopts and exchanges for bridge, utilizes high-power ac power generator 121, produces the power frequency sine wave of 50HZ.
If U
out≠ 0 o'clock, electric bridge was in non-equilibrium state, by formula:
Known resistance R
1, R
2, R
3, by data collecting card, record E, U
out, in control of intelligent terminal 13, can calculate in real time R
xvalue.
If the E measuring, U
outbe worth too smallly, for ease of measuring, the amplifying circuit that can build by AD8221 chip amplifies fixedly to be measured after multiple k again.While calculating, divided by k value, just can obtain initial value in control of intelligent terminal 13, K value by actual measurement after, obtain determining again after change in voltage scope.
If it should be noted that, for bridge voltage be interchange, and the resistance R in formula need make impedance Z into, so for accurate measurement, arm resistance R
1, R
2, R
3for high precision (per mille or ten thousand/), ultra-low temperature drift is noninductive pure resistance.Through multisim emulation, if there is electric capacity or inductance between two electrodes, can be influential to measurement result.Electric capacity is less, and inductance value is larger, larger on result impact.During reality test, the inductance value of sample can be ignored, and can revise, or choose more suitably metering system to interelectrode electric capacity.
In realistic bridges road, generally get R
1, R
2, R
3for same resistance value, can make R
1=R
2=R
3=R, has: U=0.5 * E * ((R-R
x)/(R+R
x)).
Making E, R is constant, U, R
xfor variable, U and R
xfor inverse proportion funtcional relationship.For measuring better the sample of different resistances, by R
xbe divided into 1-10 Ω, 10-100 Ω, 100-1000 Ω, 1000-1M Ω fourth gear, arm value R is respectively 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1000 Ω, 1M Ω.By many grades of rotary switch manual switchovers of multilayer.
In this system, cruciform testing tool 113 is permanent buried type, vertical checkout electrode and horizontal checkout electrode are etch-proof circular graphite material, there is good corrosion resistance, cruciform testing tool 113 adopts plexi-glass tubular to make, can play insulation and antisepsis, because temperature has a significant impact the resistivity of the soil body, cruciform testing tool 113 is equipped with corrosion resistant temperature sensor 114.And temperature is compensated the electricalresistivityρ of the soil body in the time of 18 ℃ in control of intelligent terminal 13
18=ρ
t* (1+ α * (T-18)), wherein ρ
18the resistivity of soil while being 18 ℃; ρ
tfor temperature and resistance rate; T is temperature; α is test constant, be about 0.025 ℃-1,504 glue and the glass cement for the waterproof sealing of joint of cruciform testing tool 113, record after the resistance of refuse soil, by control of intelligent terminal 13, calculate resistivity and the irregular factor of resistivity, carry out ground connection and shielding, prevent that undesired signal from exerting an influence to measurement result, when horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode 111, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode 112 difference, measure, every 10 second wheels follow once.
For convenient, cruciform tester is embedded to assigned address in built soot, makes penetrator.
Penetrator by urceolus 116, measuring point mounting cylinder 115, sliding sleeve 117, four open cone cylinder 118, hinge 119 is formed, urceolus 116 and measuring point mounting cylinder 115 form by 10 joints, long 1 meter of every joint, can pass through thread connection each other, and measuring point mounting cylinder 115 outside surfaces indicate scale.
2. make one and hit cap, facilitate excavator that penetrometer urceolus 116 is squeezed into and extracted in soil.Hit 2 earrings of the peripheral two ends welding of cap, between earrings, overlap a STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS.Excavator can be mentioned urceolus by STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS.
3. penetrator lower end flapper-type four leaves cone cylinder 118 use 304 stainless steel materials and makes, and has certain intensity, squeezes into Shi Buhui damage and be out of shape at urceolus.
Cruciform tester is embedded to the mode of assigned address in built soot: by penetrator, cruciform tester is embedded to designated depth.
1. first penetrometer urceolus is driven into designated depth under refuse soil by excavator.Penetrometer lower end is that flapper-type four is opened cone cylinder 118, and while squeezing into, flapper-type four is opened cone cylinder 118 closure under the pressure of the soil body, forms cone tip shape, is easy to squeeze into.
On urceolus square set a dozen hit cap.Excavator acts on and hits on cap, often squeezing into a joint urceolus, strike cap is unloaded, and puts another joint urceolus, loads onto strike cap, until 118 points of cone cylinder are opened in urceolus bottom four, arrives designated depth.
3. urceolus is upwards extracted to a bit of distance (0.3-0.5 rice left and right).Hit 2 earrings of the peripheral two ends welding of cap, between earrings, overlap a STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS.Excavator is mentioned certain height by STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS by urceolus.
4. take off strike cap, penetrator measuring point mounting cylinder 115, from stretch urceolus inside, is opened penetrometer lower end flapper-type cone cylinder point.
5. take out penetrator measuring point mounting cylinder 115, cruciform tester is plugged in lower end, cruciform tester is put into the degree of depth (scale of outside surface is read the concrete degree of depth) of appointment by measuring point mounting cylinder 115.
By the cable knob of resistivity tester around penetrator measuring point mounting cylinder 115 upper ends, urceolus upper end puts hits cap (measuring point mounting cylinder 115 is slightly lower than urceolus), by excavator, penetrator urceolus is extracted, then extracted penetrator measuring point mounting cylinder 115.
Operation steps:
1. by the power plug of data acquisition and control module 12, start power switch, arm resistance selector switch is placed in 10 Ω shelves,
2., after the temperature demonstration gathering until temperature sensor 114 is stablized, the value of observing current " horizontal U ", if negative value illustrates that the resistance of soil sample is greater than 10 Ω, should clockwise rotate one grade, increases arm resistance; Now, if " horizontal U " is negative value, continue to increase shelves; If on the occasion of, switch to the vertical shelves of test; " if vertical U " be on the occasion of, be switched to level shelves and can carry out lower step test; If " vertical U " is negative value, should increase again shelves, until on the occasion of; After transferring the files, should again switch horizontal vertical shelves, until " horizontal U " and " vertical U " be on the occasion of, and finally switch to level shelves and start lower step test.
3. gear is set to current gear on control of intelligent terminal 13, revised file is preserved name, clicks " starting to measure ", automatically measures current resistivity value.
4. in process of the test, have the demonstrations such as irregular time-histories figure, compression deformation time-histories figure, warning message, correlation test data can be preserved automatically.
The irregular factor test of this refuse landfill resistivity and engineering safety method for early warning and system can be used for Real-Time Monitoring refuse landfill construction, operation, safeguard the irregular factor variations of resistivity of phase junk-heap body, and then inquire into landfill heap body landfill body immanent structure situation of change in construction, operation, whole process of maintenance phase, thereby provide reliable early warning for engineering safety hidden danger such as the landslide of Landfill, sedimentation, seepages.This system can be through landfill engineering construction operation all the time, have simple and efficient to handle, continuously harmless, achievement is reliable, with low cost, be easy to the features such as popularization, there is following advantage: it is irregular because of subcase in landfill heap body construction, operation, whole process of maintenance phase, convenient and swiftly to monitor in real time ground heap body resistivity, and the irregular factor of the resistivity of its monitoring is piled the immanent structure mechanism such as body landslide, distortion, seepage failure and can be organically combined with landfill.In addition, on the basis of Monitoring Data, set up landfill heap body engineering safety assessment early warning system, thereby filled up the blank of landfill Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety early warning system.
This system both can be used for newly-built refuse landfill, again applicable to built refuse landfill, and can be applied to other ground heap body project security monitorings, it is ground heap body engineering safety early warning field new breakthrough, the irregular factor of resistivity can effectively reflect the structural of Rock And Soil and change, possesses the good Research foundation that characterizes and measure structural disturbance variable, by measuring the irregular factor of resistivity of the on-the-spot landfill body of refuse landfill, can set up landfill body landslide, distortion, the damage models such as seepage failure, and then provide reliable early warning system for the engineering safety of refuse landfill.
The irregular factor of refuse landfill resistivity that the embodiment of the present invention provides and engineering safety early warning test macro, data acquisition probe device 11 gathers horizontal resistance signal and the vertical resistor signal of garbage loading embeading place test landfill body, data acquisition and control module 12 calculates horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of garbage loading embeading place test landfill body according to nonequilibrium bridge principle, control of intelligent terminal 13 calculates the irregular factor of acquisition resistivity according to the horizontal resistance value of tested landfill body and vertical resistor value, according to the irregular factor variations situation of obtained resistivity, and then Real-Time Monitoring landfill heap body is in construction, operation, immanent structure situation of change in whole process of maintenance phase, thereby carry out the early warning of refuse landfill engineering safety.This system can be through landfill engineering construction operation all the time, have simple and efficient to handle, continuously harmless, achievement is reliable, with low cost, be easy to the advantages such as popularization, and filled up the blank of landfill Risk assessment on engineering and engineering safety early warning, there is stronger propagation and employment and be worth.
These are only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the irregular factor test of refuse landfill resistivity and an engineering safety method for early warning, is characterized in that, resistivity is irregular because of sub-definite Δ ρ
t=(ρ
t-ρ
0)/ρ
0, Δ ρ wherein
tfor the irregular factor of resistivity, ρ
t, ρ
0be respectively real-time ball resistivity and original ball resistivity; First obtain horizontal resistivity ρ
levelwith vertical resistivity ρ
vertically, then by horizontal resistivity ρ
leveland vertical resistivity ρ
verticallybe converted to ball electricalresistivityρ
ball=(2 * ρ
level+ ρ
vertically)/3; The ball resistivity obtaining under original state is original ball resistivity, and the resistivity obtaining under real-time status is real-time ball resistivity, and the irregular factor computing formula of both substitution resistivity is obtained to irregular factor Δ ρ
t, in refuse landfill, the electricalresistivityρ of landfill body can be expressed as ρ=(RS)/L=(Δ VS)/(IL); In formula: S is electrode area, the m of unit
2, L is electrode separation, the m of unit, and I is strength of current, the A of unit, R is soil body resistance in refuse landfill; In refuse landfill, soil body resistance R adopts nonequilibrium bridge to measure, on the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, build the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled; Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
2. the irregular factor test of refuse landfill resistivity and an engineering safety early warning system, is characterized in that, this system comprises:
For gathering horizontal resistance signal and the vertical resistor signal of garbage loading embeading place test landfill body, and the data acquisition probe device that gathered horizontal resistance signal and vertical resistor value signal are exported;
Be connected with described data acquisition probe device, for receiving horizontal resistance value signal and the vertical resistor value signal of described data acquisition probe device output, according to nonequilibrium bridge principle, calculate horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of garbage loading embeading place test landfill body, and the data acquisition and control module that the horizontal resistance value calculating and vertical resistor value are exported with the form of electric signal;
Be connected with described data acquisition and control module, for receiving horizontal resistance value and the vertical resistor value of described data acquisition and control module output, according to the horizontal resistance value of the tested soil body and vertical resistor value, calculate the irregular factor of acquisition resistivity, and according to the constructive variations situation of the irregular factor variations situation reflection of resistivity msw landfill, thereby carry out the control of intelligent terminal of the safe early warning of landfill engineering, described data acquisition probe device is connected with described data acquisition and control module by shielding line, described data acquisition and control module is connected with described control of intelligent terminal by shielding line, described data acquisition probe device further comprises: horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode, cruciform testing tool, penetrator, temperature sensor,
Described horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode is arranged on the two ends of the horizontal direction of cruciform tester, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode is arranged on the two ends up and down of cruciform tester vertical direction, described temperature sensor is arranged on the foundation place of described cruciform testing tool, and described horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode and temperature sensor are connected with described data acquisition and control module by shielding line;
Described penetrator is that built refuse landfill is just enabled, its major function is that the landfill body of built landfill yard is holed, get into the pre-buried depth of described cruciform tester, the measuring point mounting cylinder that rear utilization penetrator is supporting, sends into described cruciform tester to be installed to specified location in landfill body;
Described horizontal circle ring-type graphite electrode, vertical circular ring-type graphite electrode carry out the measurement of resistance when different, and every 10 second wheels follow once;
Described data acquisition and control module further comprises: AC power generator, ac-dc converter circuit, unbalanced bridge, many grades of change-over switches, signal conditioning circuit;
Described AC power generator is connected with described ac-dc converter circuit, described ac-dc converter circuit is connected with described unbalanced bridge, described unbalanced bridge is connected with described many grades of change-over switches and signal conditioning circuit respectively, three arm values in described unbalanced bridge equate, in described many grades of change-over switches, be provided with 10 Ω, 100 Ω, 1000 Ω, the gear of 1M Ω, soil body resistance to be measured is provided with 1-10 Ω in described many grades of change-over switches, 10-100 Ω, 100-1000 Ω, tetra-gears of 1000-1M Ω, described cruciform testing tool adopts organic glass pipe manufacturer to form, the waterproof sealing of described cruciform tester joint adopts 504 glue and glass cement, temperature sensor on described data acquisition probe device has been realized control of intelligent terminal temperature has been compensated, the electricalresistivityρ of the soil body in the time of 18 ℃
18=ρ
t* (1+ α * (T-18)), wherein ρ
18the resistivity of soil while being 18 ℃, ρ
tfor temperature and resistance rate, T is temperature, α is test constant, adopts 0.025 ℃
-1described penetrator is opened cone cylinder by urceolus, measuring point mounting cylinder, sliding sleeve, four and is formed, urceolus and measuring point mounting cylinder form by 10 joints, long 1 meter of every joint, is fixedly connected with by screw thread each other, and measuring point mounting cylinder outside surface indicates scale, on urceolus, be also provided with strike cap, hit the peripheral two ends of cap and be welded with two earrings, between two earrings, be provided with a STAINLESS STEEL CHAINS, the lower end of urceolus is provided with the flapper-type cone cylinder point that steel are made.
3. system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described control of intelligent terminal is further used for, on the basis of internal association of disclosing landfill heap body internal modification, crack, seepage failure and the landfill heap corresponding textural anomaly situation of body sliding failure and the irregular factor of its resistivity, building the structural strain-stress constitutive model that corresponding landfill heap body deformability, crack, infiltration, sliding failure and its structural change are coupled; Biot Consolidation Finite Element Method (BCFEM) finite element program is carried out to the modification of appropriate section, constructed structural constitutive model is weaved into subroutine, and corresponding method for solving is modified, carry out the numerical evaluation of model, and then model is applied to actual landfill engineering, whether can generating unit distortion, the landfill yard engineering safety early warning of crack, seepage failure or sliding failure if carrying out landfill yard.
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| CN104020354A (en) * | 2014-06-19 | 2014-09-03 | 上海市纺织科学研究院 | Method for detecting specific resistance of short fibers of chemical fibers |
| CN104090086B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2015-09-09 | 东南大学 | Underground bearing water position dynamic change soil under action structural testing device and method |
| CN114459537B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2023-03-10 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Monitoring method for geotechnical structure of landfill |
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