CN102944596A - Preparation method of graphene modified glassy carbon electrode and application thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of graphene modified glassy carbon electrode and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944596A CN102944596A CN2012104470238A CN201210447023A CN102944596A CN 102944596 A CN102944596 A CN 102944596A CN 2012104470238 A CN2012104470238 A CN 2012104470238A CN 201210447023 A CN201210447023 A CN 201210447023A CN 102944596 A CN102944596 A CN 102944596A
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene modified glassy carbon electrode and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps of: (1) preparing an oxidized grapheme dispersion liquid; (2) cleaning up the glassy carbon electrode, dropping the oxidized grapheme dispersion liquid on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode and airing; (3) carrying out electrochemical reduction in a buffer solution by using an oxidized graphene modified glassy carbon electrode as a work electrode to obtain the graphene modified glassy carbon electrode; and detecting the work electrode of an oxidoreduction active pigment as the graphene modified glassy carbon electrode. The graphene modified glassy carbon electrode is prepared by electrochemical reduction of the oxidized graphene modified glassy carbon electrode. The method has the advantages of simpleness in operation, short detection time, sensitive response and good analyzing effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrochemical field, especially the application of the preparation method of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode and Electrochemical Detection thereof.
Background technology
Lure redly, chemical name: 6-hydroxyl-5-(2-methoxyl-4-sulfonic acid-5-tolyl) azonaphthalene-2-disodium sulfonate salt is water-soluble synthetic dyestuff.Allured red pigment often is used to food production processing as food additives, and it can increase the food appetite with improving people attractive in appearance, but uses excessive meeting that human body is produced illeffects, thereby China has stipulated to lure red use to limit the quantity of.Have bibliographical information to adopt high performance liquid chromatography that allured red pigment is separated detection, but its analysis cost is high, liquid chromatograph price and daily servicing expense are expensive, and use too much organic solvent easily to environment.
Common national standard method is paper chromatography, and under acid condition, polyamide or steeping wool can be combined with water-soluble acid pigment, again can desorption under alkali condition, the pigment of resolving is separated with paper chromatography.The method complex operation, complexity, time-consuming, effort.
Patent disclosure has been arranged a kind of synthetic dyestuff method for quick, absorption chip sorption reaction with sample preparation liquid and pigment test card, drip the synthetic dyestuff developer at the absorption thin slice, the doubling test card, allow absorption thin slice and colour developing thin slice be in contact with one another overlapping, open the pigment test card and observe the color of colour developing thin slice, according to change color, whether contain synthetic dyestuff in the judgement sample.The method is simple, but can only carry out qualitative analysis to synthetic dyestuff, and can not carry out quantitative test.
The method of electrochemical reduction graphene oxide is adopted in this invention, and report mostly is chemical reduction method redox graphene, i.e. reductive agent redox graphene at present.But there are some shortcomings in the reductive agent redox graphene: the reductive agent that adopt (1) is the hydrazine class, phenols etc., and this type of organic reducing agent toxicity is larger, does not meet the requirement of Green Chemistry; (2) reaction time consumption is long, usually will react the time of 12 ~ 24h; (3) the Graphene product of low temperature hydrazine hydrate reducing process preparation has stronger lattice imperfection.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the deficiency that overcomes prior art reductive agent redox graphene, and a kind of application of preparation method and Electrochemical Detection thereof of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode is provided.
The preparation method of the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode that the present invention adopts, concrete steps are:
(1) preparation graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(2) glass-carbon electrode is cleaned out, and drips the graphene oxide dispersion liquid on the glass-carbon electrode surface, dries;
(3) take the graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, electrochemical reduction in buffer solution namely obtains the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode;
The massfraction of graphene oxide is 0.5 in the graphene oxide dispersion liquid described in the step (1).
Graphene oxide dispersion liquid described in the step (1) is to join by the graphene oxide powder that ultrasonication 90min obtains in the distilled water.
The amount of the graphene oxide dispersion liquid of the dropping described in the step (2) is 10 μ L.
Electrochemical reduction described in the step (3) is the constant potential electrochemical reduction, reduction potential is-0.9 ~-1.1V, the recovery time is 80 ~ 120min.
Buffer solution described in the step (3) is 0.1 ~ 0.3mol/L NaH
2PO
4Buffer solution.
Lead to first blanket gas 10min before the electrochemical reduction described in the step (3).
The graphene modified glass-carbon electrode of said method preparation can be applicable to Electrochemical Detection, and described graphene modified glass-carbon electrode is for detection of the redox active pigment.The redox active pigment is red as luring, erythrosine, Monascus color, light blue etc.
Take the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode as working electrode, the method for detection redox active pigment of the present invention, step is:
Add supporting electrolyte in fluid sample, regulating its pH with corresponding mineral acid is 1; Take the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode as working electrode, mercurous chloride electrode is contrast electrode, and platinum plate electrode is that electrode is formed three-electrode system; Three electrodes are immersed in the sample solution, adopt the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry enrichment; Adopt differential pulse voltammetry can judge whether to contain the size of pigment and concentration thereof after the enrichment.
Described supporting electrolyte NaCl or Na
2SO
4Or Na
3PO
4, concentration is 0.1mol/L; Described electrochemical cyclic voltammetry current potential is-0.2 ~ 0.7V, enrichment 1min.
Described differential pulse voltammetry condition is: the scanning current potential is-0.2 ~ 0.7V, stepping current potential 5mV, pulse height 50mV, pulse width 0.05s, recurrence interval 0.2s, equilibration time 2s; Can judge whether to contain red pigment and the concentration thereof of waiting of temptation according to differential pulse voltammetry figure.
The method for preparing graphene oxide of the present invention is improved Hummers method;
The step of cleaning glass-carbon electrode of the present invention is: glass-carbon electrode is polished to minute surface with α-alundum (Al2O3) of 1 μ m, 0.3 μ m, 0.05 μ m successively, more successively through HNO
3, ethanol and distilled water ultrasonic cleaning, glass-carbon electrode is stand-by after nitrogen dries up pre-service.
The present invention by electrochemical reducing prepare graphene modified glass-carbon electrode and routine utilize the reductive agent redox graphene to prepare the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode to compare and have the following advantages:
(1) adopt electrochemical reducing to have the requirement that the nontoxic characteristics of environmental protection meet Green Chemistry;
(2) electrochemical reducing has shortened the reaction time greatly;
Chemically modified electrode is the method with chemistry or physics, at conductor and semiconductor material fixedly unimolecule, polymolecular, ion, polymer film, thereby changes galvanochemistry, optics and original not available electrochemical function of electrode.The purpose of chemical modification is to improve sensitivity, selectivity, the electrochemical stability of electrode, obtains the antijamming capability of wider electrochemical window, raising electrode.
The electrochemical methods that the present invention adopts the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode to detect the redox active pigment is compared with other analytical approachs, required instrument is simple, very high sensitivity and accuracy are arranged, analysis speed is fast, particularly measure the electric signal of process, easily with the computing machine coupling, can realize robotization or continuously analysis.At present, electrochemical analysis method has become a kind of analysis means of widespread use in production and the scientific research.
Description of drawings
The SEM figure of the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode of Fig. 1 embodiment 1 preparation;
Fig. 2 graphene modified glass-carbon electrode detects the differential pulse voltammetry figure of the allured red pigment of variable concentrations;
Fig. 3 detects the range of linearity figure of allured red pigment.
Embodiment
Electrochemical method of the present invention is and uses electrochemical workstation to realize.
The preparation of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode: (1) joins ultrasonication 90min in the distilled water with the graphene oxide powder to obtain massfraction is 0.5% graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(2) glass-carbon electrode is cleaned out, and drips 10 μ L graphene oxide dispersion liquids on the glass-carbon electrode surface, dries;
(3) take the graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, at 0.3mol/L NaH
2PO
4Constant potential electrochemical reduction in the buffer solution led to nitrogen 10 minutes first before the reduction, current potential :-1.0V, and time: 90min, reduction finishes to be the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode.The SEM of prepared electrochemical reduction graphene modified glass-carbon electrode schemes as shown in Figure 1, and as can be seen from the figure, Graphene successfully loads on the glass-carbon electrode, namely can make the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode by the inventive method.
The mensuration that the analytical approach of setting up is used for the drink sample allured red pigment.Preparation sample solution: get the 2.5mL sample, add the deionized water constant volume and be mixed with 25mL solution.
(1) add NaCl in the above-mentioned fluid sample that makes so that 0.1mol/L NaCl as supporting electrolyte, regulating its pH with hydrochloric acid is 1;
(2) take the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode as working electrode, mercurous chloride electrode is contrast electrode, and platinum plate electrode is that electrode is formed three-electrode system;
(3) three electrodes are immersed in the sample solution-0.2V ~ 0.7V electrochemical cyclic voltammetry enrichment one minute;
(4) record differential pulse voltammetry figure, scanning current potential-0.2 ~ 0.7V; Stepping current potential 5mV, pulse height 50mV; Pulse width 0.05s; Recurrence interval 0.2s, equilibration time 2s;
(5) can judge whether to contain allured red pigment and concentration thereof according to differential pulse voltammetry figure.According to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 as can be known in concentration 3.0 * 10
-4~1.0 * 10
-6In the mol/L scope, lure red oxidation peak current and concentration linear, detect and be limited to 3.0 * 10
-8Mol/L (S/N=3), luring red equation of linear regression is i
Pa(μ A)=14.8044+0.1316c (μ M) (
R2=0.99845).Whether therefore can come the red concentration of judgement trap to reach according to the size of response current exceeds standard.
Adopt standard addition method to the red sample recovery testu that carries out of the temptation of variable concentrations.Concrete measurement result is as shown in table 1, each sample replicate determination 5 times, and its relative standard deviation is less than 4%, and investigation mark-on recovering state, and the recovery of mensuration is between 98% ~ 101%.Above data show that the analytical approach of setting up has higher accuracy and operability, can be used for the test of actual sample fully.
The red analysis result of temptation in table 1 drink sample
Embodiment 2
The preparation of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode: (1) joins ultrasonication 90min in the distilled water with the graphene oxide powder to obtain massfraction is 0.5% graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(2) glass-carbon electrode is cleaned out, and drips 10 μ L graphene oxide dispersion liquids on the glass-carbon electrode surface, dries;
(3) take the graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, at 0.1mol/L NaH
2PO
4Constant potential electrochemical reduction in the buffer solution led to nitrogen 10 minutes first before the reduction, current potential :-0.9V, and time: 120min, reduction finishes to be the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode.
The mensuration that the analytical approach of setting up is used for the drink sample monascorubin.Preparation sample solution: get the 2.5mL sample, add the deionized water constant volume and be mixed with 25mL solution.
(1) in the above-mentioned fluid sample that makes, adds Na
2SO
4So that 0.1mol/L Na
2SO
4As supporting electrolyte, regulating its pH with sulfuric acid is 1;
(2) take the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode as working electrode, mercurous chloride electrode is contrast electrode, and platinum plate electrode is that electrode is formed three-electrode system;
(3) three electrodes are immersed in the sample solution-0.2V ~ 0.7V electrochemical cyclic voltammetry enrichment one minute;
(4) record differential pulse voltammetry figure, scanning current potential-0.2 ~ 0.7V; Stepping current potential 5mV, pulse height 50mV; Pulse width 0.05s; Recurrence interval 0.2s, equilibration time 2s;
(5) can judge whether to contain monascorubin and concentration thereof according to differential pulse voltammetry figure.In concentration 2.9 * 10
-6~7.1 * 10
-4In the mol/L scope, oxidation peak current and the concentration of Monascus color are linear, detect and are limited to 2.1 * 10
-8Mol/L (S/N=3), the equation of linear regression of Monascus color are i
Pa(μ A)=29.501+0.1847c (μ M) (R
2=0.99823).Therefore can judge the concentration of Monascus color and whether exceed standard according to the size of response current.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode: (1) joins ultrasonication 90min in the distilled water with the graphene oxide powder to obtain massfraction is 0.5% graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(2) glass-carbon electrode is cleaned out, and drips 10 μ L graphene oxide dispersion liquids on the glass-carbon electrode surface, dries;
(3) take the graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, at 0.1mol/L NaH
2PO
4Constant potential electrochemical reduction in the buffer solution led to nitrogen 10 minutes first before the reduction, current potential :-1.1V, and time: 80min, reduction finishes to be the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode.
The mensuration that the analytical approach of setting up is used for drink sample erythrosine pigment.Preparation sample solution: get the 2.5mL sample, add the deionized water constant volume and be mixed with 25mL solution.
(1) in the above-mentioned fluid sample that makes, adds Na
3PO
4So that 0.1mol/L Na
3PO
4As supporting electrolyte, regulating its pH with phosphoric acid is 1;
(2) take the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode as working electrode, mercurous chloride electrode is contrast electrode, and platinum plate electrode is that electrode is formed three-electrode system;
(3) three electrodes are immersed in the sample solution-0.2V ~ 0.7V electrochemical cyclic voltammetry enrichment one minute;
(4) record differential pulse voltammetry figure, scanning current potential-0.2 ~ 0.7V; Stepping current potential 5mV, pulse height 50mV; Pulse width 0.05s; Recurrence interval 0.2s, equilibration time 2s;
(5) can judge whether to contain erythrosine pigment and concentration thereof according to differential pulse voltammetry figure.In concentration 1.6 * 10
-6~3.8 * 10
-4In the mol/L scope, oxidation peak current and the concentration of erythrosine are linear, detect and are limited to 1.2 * 10
-8Mol/L (S/N=3), the equation of linear regression of erythrosine are i
Pa(μ A)=20.681+0.256c (μ M) (R
2=0.99716).Therefore can judge the concentration of erythrosine and whether exceed standard according to the size of response current.
Claims (7)
1. the preparation method of a graphene modified glass-carbon electrode, thus the graphene oxide reduction that is about to be modified on the glass-carbon electrode obtains the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode, and concrete steps are:
(1) preparation graphene oxide dispersion liquid;
(2) glass-carbon electrode is cleaned out, and drips the graphene oxide dispersion liquid on the glass-carbon electrode surface, dries;
(3) take the graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode as working electrode, electrochemical reduction in buffer solution namely obtains the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode.
2. the preparation method of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the electrochemical reduction described in the step (3) is the constant potential electrochemical reduction, and reduction potential is-0.9 ~-1.1 V, and the recovery time is 80 ~ 120min.
3. the preparation method of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the buffer solution described in the step (3) is 0.1 ~ 0.3mol/L NaH
2PO
4Buffer solution.
4. the preparation method of graphene modified glass-carbon electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: lead to first blanket gas 10min before the electrochemical reduction described in the step (3).
5. detect the method for redox active pigment, it is characterized in that right to use requires the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode of 1 ~ 4 preparation to carry out Electrochemical Detection.
6. the method for the described detection redox active of claim 5 pigment is characterized in that step is:
Add supporting electrolyte in fluid sample, regulating its pH with corresponding mineral acid is 1; Take the graphene modified glass-carbon electrode as working electrode, mercurous chloride electrode is contrast electrode, and platinum plate electrode is that electrode is formed three-electrode system; Three electrodes are immersed in the sample solution, adopt the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry enrichment; Adopt differential pulse voltammetry can judge whether to contain the size of pigment and concentration thereof after the enrichment.
7. detect according to claim 6 the application of redox active pigment, it is characterized in that: described supporting electrolyte is NaCl or Na
2SO
4Or Na
3PO
4, concentration is 0.1 mol/L; Described electrochemical cyclic voltammetry current potential is-0.2 ~ 0.7V, enrichment 1 min; Described differential pulse voltammetry condition is: the scanning current potential is-0.2 ~ 0.7V, stepping current potential 5mV, pulse height 50mV, pulse width 0.05s, recurrence interval 0.2s, equilibration time 2s; Can judge whether to contain pigment and concentration thereof according to differential pulse voltammetry figure.
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