CN102937942A - Universal interface system of flight simulator based on USB (Universal Serial Bus) - Google Patents

Universal interface system of flight simulator based on USB (Universal Serial Bus) Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102937942A
CN102937942A CN201210485557XA CN201210485557A CN102937942A CN 102937942 A CN102937942 A CN 102937942A CN 201210485557X A CN201210485557X A CN 201210485557XA CN 201210485557 A CN201210485557 A CN 201210485557A CN 102937942 A CN102937942 A CN 102937942A
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interface
usb
boards
motherboard
daughter board
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CN102937942B (en
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陈又军
苏彬
周毅
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Civil Aviation Flight University of China
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Civil Aviation Flight University of China
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Abstract

The invention discloses a universal interface system of a flight simulator based on a USB (Universal Serial Bus). According to the universal interface system, the USB of a computer is taken as a communication medium between the computer and the interface system, hardware of the interface system is composed of interface mother boards and various interface daughter boards, each of the interface mother boards can drive 8 interface daughter boards at most so as to realize the expansion of the number of ports, and the computer can simultaneously drive a plurality of interface mother boards which are up to 127 in theory and can support a PnP (Precision Navigation Processor) technology. The interface mother boards and the interface daughter boards are matched to implement data exchange between the computer and a flight-simulation cabin apparatus. The interface daughter boards comprise switch quantity input daughter boards, switch quantity output daughter boards and analogue output daughter boards. The analogue input is finished by the interface mother boards. The interface system is simulated as a human interface device (HID) of the computer by firmware of the interface mother boards. The communication with the simulator is realized by Fireware software which is designed in the USB interface mother boards.

Description

Flight simulator universal interface system based on usb bus
Technical field
The present invention relates to the general-purpose interface based on usb bus, particularly a kind of general-purpose interface based on usb bus that can be applied to flight simulator.
Background technology
The interface system of flight simulator is the unique path that connects main frame and flight passenger cabin, all instrument in the aircraft cockpit and annunciator, pilot lamp are all pressed computer instruction by it and are driven, switch (discrete data) in the flight driving cabin, position transducer (simulated data) all receives and sends to main frame by it.Therefore interface system has the status according to sufficient weight in flight simulation, is the bridge between flight simulator driving cabin and the main frame.Traditional flight simulator interface circuit is directly driven by the computing machine parallel bus, and circuit is complicated, drive that development difficulty is large, expensive, poor anti jamming capability, transmission range are nearer.
Summary of the invention
The defective that exists in order to overcome above-mentioned prior art, the present invention has designed the flight simulator universal interface system based on usb bus, and USB device can be identified as different equipment by computing machine according to the difference of its inside single-chip microcomputer firmware (Firmware).As being configured to human interface device (HID Human Interface Device) mouse, keyboard, game paddle, data glove etc.; Can be configured to External memory equipment (MSD Mass Storage Device) USB flash disk, portable hard drive, external drive etc.; Can be configured to communication apparatus (CDC CommunicationDevice) virtual serial port, USB network interface card, modulator-demodular unit etc.; Also can be configured to user's specialized equipment (Custom Class/Vendor Class) such as the ICD2 debugger of the PIC single-chip microcomputer of USB interface.
General flight simulation machine interface system based on usb bus utilizes the usb bus of computing machine as the medium of communication of computing machine and interface system, consisted of by interface motherboard and each class interface daughter board on the interface system hardware, every interface motherboard can drive at most 8 interface daughter boards realizations to the expansion of port number, and computing machine can drive polylith interface motherboard simultaneously, in theory can be up to 127, and support the PnP technology.The interface motherboard is responsible for and computer communication, accepts the data that computing machine sends, and sends to the output interface daughter board of respective type by data type.The interface motherboard is accepted the input data of interface daughter board simultaneously, and sends to computing machine by usb bus behind the coding.Be connected up to the synchronous serial type bus of the SPI of 10MHZ by clock frequency between interface motherboard and the interface daughter board.The cooperating of interface motherboard and interface daughter board is finished the exchanges data of computing machine and flight simulation cockpit equipment, the kind of interface daughter board comprises switching value input daughter board, switching value output daughter board, analog output daughter board, and the input service of analog quantity is finished by the interface motherboard.
Software systems are included in the interface communication program of moving on the flight simulation computing machine and the code that moves in the interface motherboard.The interface routine of operation adopts the Visual Studio C++ exploitation of Microsoft company on computers, and interface motherboard firmware adopts the C18 exploitation of Microchip company.The firmware of interface motherboard is modeled to interface system the human interface device (HID) of computing machine, built-in such HID device driver in Windows XP operating system, thereby avoided the exploitation USB device to drive, and the development of such driver is often extremely complicated, loaded down with trivial details.
To achieve these goals, principle of the present invention is as follows:
1.USB the hardware design of interface motherboard
The realization approach of hardware, design concept mainly comprise following components: the hardware design of interface motherboard; The hardware design of switching value output daughter board; The hardware design of switching value input daughter board; The hardware design of analog output daughter board.
It is core component that the motherboard of usb interface system adopts the single-chip microcomputer of the primary USB interface of PIC18F4550, realize that computing machine and SIE engine on it pass through the usb bus communication, and the control interface daughter board carries out that operation should be arranged.
This plate can be selected external power supply or powered through USB interface of computer with wire jumper; Can finish the high speed acquisition of 12 tunnel analog input amounts; Can detect self power work situation and send caution; Red green LED light can be indicated working condition; Reset button can be to system reset; Program button can be carried out online upgrading to the firmware that user in the single-chip microcomputer writes; The JP1 socket of 20 pins is used for collection and the ICD2 debugging of analog quantity to be used; The JP2 of 14 pins provides SPI and I2C bus and device to select bus to be used for the connecting interface daughter board.
Switching value output daughter board is operated in leaves low working method, generally should pass through the external 5V Power supply of JP3, also can change the USB power supply into by wire jumper when motherboard drive daughter board is less; Have short circuit self-recovering function and Anti-surging signal impact capacity; JP1 is that the plate address arranges wire jumper; JP2 is for connecting interface at the bottom of the motherboard, and J1 is DB37 type socket, and 32 tunnel output controls are provided, and the power supply that drives the equipment such as signal lamp is provided by the outside.
Switching value input daughter board adopts to be opened into height, and positive logic detects.Generally should pass through the external 5V Power supply of JP3, when motherboard drive daughter board is less, also can change the USB power supply into by wire jumper; Can input daughter board by switching value at external switching signal power supply provides; The logical JP2 of switching value input daughter board links to each other with motherboard; JP1 can arrange the daughter board address.
The analog output daughter board receives control, the data-signal that the motherboard spi bus is sent by JP2.Need externally to has ± 15V and+the 5V power supply could work.R102 and R112 high precision adjustable resistance are responsible for respectively regulating 0 point voltage and ceiling voltage.It can drive simple pointer emulation instrument and the complicated flight simulator instrument such as electronic horizon instrument, HSI.
The development process of 18F4550 firmware.Firmware code adopts the exploitation of MPLAP IDE V7.52 the integration environment, adopts the C language development, uses the compiling of C18 compiler.During exploitation, the code of C voice calls the C18 compiler by MPLAP, and compiling generates the 18F4550 machine code file of HEX suffix name.Operation PDFSUSB.EXE file will work in the circuit board firmware of waiting under the update mode and carry out online updating, and just reset circuit plate again moves firmware and tested.This firmware code is integrated in the MCHPUSB.MCP engineering.
2.USB the Fireware Software for Design of interface motherboard
The 18F4550 single-chip microcomputer that the USB interface motherboard uses needs built-in firmware (software) just with normal operation.In the design of interface motherboard, adopted human interface device (Human InterfaceDevice HID).After a USB device was connected to the USB port of PC, PC need to be sought suitable driving to this equipment, and distributed corresponding address, initiating hardware for it.This process is divided into four steps: power-up state, default setting, address assignment state and configuration status.This process is that PC finds to have new USB peripheral hardware to connect through certain step, and PC obtains the information such as production producer, product information, configuration information, manufacturer ID in order, carries out corresponding operating, finishes initiating hardware work.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is USB simulator interface system chart.
Fig. 2 is USB interface motherboard workflow.
Embodiment:
Understand in order to make design feature of the present invention, technological means be easy to understand, further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment:
USB simulator interface system chart as shown in Figure 1.Adopt the 18F4550 single-chip microcomputer of Microchip company based on the interface motherboard core of usb bus, this chip is 40 pin DIP encapsulation or the encapsulation of 46 hem facing sheets.23 pin of chip with are connected pin and connect D-and the D+ data communication line of PC USB port by 22 Ω resistance.18 pin VUSB connect electric capacity provides stable 3.3V voltage for the USB communication.Chip adopts the 20MHZ quartz crystal that clock signal is provided, and this signal finally generates the 48MHZ clock signal for 18F4550 through the inner PLL of 18F4550.1 pin is the Reset pin, connects power supply by the 4.7K pull-up resistor, when pressing the pushbutton switch that connects it, and chip reset.38 pin RB5 connect programming and write button, when pressing reset button by after depressing this button, unclamp reset button again again, do not discharge programming this moment and write button, and monolithic function boot enters the programming write state automatically.Motherboard will be identified as 18Fxxx equipment by PC.AN0~AN11 can provide the 10bit high speed analog-to-digital conversion of every path 10 μ S for the analog input pin.Wherein AN1 connection 4.7K resistance connects power supply, for detection of system voltage, and also can be by this function of program mask.5 pin are AN3/VREF+ multifunctional multiplexing pin, can be set to the external reference voltage input by programming, and higher conversion accuracy is provided.19 with are connected pin and connect respectively red green two color LED and be used to indicate the chip operation state.34 pin provide SPI universal serial bus clock for SCL.33 pin are the input and output that SDA is used for the spi bus data.RD0~RD7 is set to output port in program, be used for selecting different daughter boards.When using maximum 8 daughter boards, need masked state demonstration LED in program.25 pin are the transmission TX pin of chip RS232 serial ports, and 26 pin are the interface RX pin of chip RS232 serial ports.This port can be used for the debugging and with the PC serial communication.As connect PC and need meet MX232 and carry out Transistor-Transistor Logic level to the conversion of RS232 communication level.The Gather and input that JP1 is used for simulating signal is connected the online single-chip microcomputer debugger of ICD2 with single-chip microcomputer.JP2 is used for the connected system daughter board.
It is SPI data receiver core that switching value output daughter board adopts string and conversion to latch chip.U1~U4 is totally 4 this chip series windings, can receive 4 byte datas that motherboard is sent, and 32 tunnel output channels are provided.Totally 4 ULN2803A chips of U9~U12 provides the driving force of maximum 500mA/48V load for the signal that amplifies U1~U4, and this chip has anti-pulse shock ability.Oneself recovers device to ULN2803A to series winding 500mA between accessory power outlet J1.Be used for overcurrent protection, avoid because load short circuits or the excessive UNL2803A of the burning chip of electric current or prime chip.The JP1 jumper wire plug can arrange the daughter board work address with wire jumper, and the address is from 1~8, and namely maximum 8 daughter boards are worked simultaneously.JP2 is used for connecting the exchange that motherboard is used for SPI signal and daughter board selection signal.
The acp chip of switching value input daughter board is the parallel-serial conversion chip, and this plate has U1~U4 four chip block operated in series connection, and the input of 32 way switch amount signals is provided.The parallel input pin of each chip is pulled to the power supply power supply by the resistor chain of 4.7K.Switch that connects it etc. need not to provide signal voltage to work again.The JP1 jumper wire plug can arrange the daughter board work address with wire jumper, and the address is from 1~8, and namely maximum 8 daughter boards are worked simultaneously.JP2 is used for connecting the exchange that motherboard is used for SPI signal and daughter board selection signal.
The acp chip of interface module conversion daughter board is SPI serial synchronous bus driver modulus conversion chip IC1, the IC2 that TI company produces, IC1, IC2 respectively provide 8 road 12bit (4096 the resolution) dac channel of precision, switching time is delicate less than 10, and adding up to provides 16 road analog outputs.Because IC1, IC2 are that the simulating signal of exporting is positive voltage, can not provide negative voltage, and analog machine uses the instrument applied signal voltage mostly to be ± 10V voltage, virtual 0 point voltage and negative reference voltage need to be set for the rear class amplifier.So adopt reference power supply and amplifier synthesized reference 0 point voltage and negative voltage.Adopt the reference power supply chip of 2.048V in the daughter board, this chip can satisfy the reference voltage precision requirement of 12bit analog-digital chip.This output voltage is through U2A, and the U2D discharge circuit is transformed to the 4.096V reference power supply, and through U2B, the U2C discharge circuit is transformed to the 4.096V reference power supply and is transformed to-the 2.048V reference voltage.Amplifier U1, U3, U4, U5 are used for amplifying the output analog signals of IC1 and IC2, the inverting input connection-2.048V reference signal of amplifier, and it is synthetic to finish the virtual earth signal ground.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as USB interface motherboard workflow, wherein whole engineering comprises a plurality of C language files.The hid.c file is used for report function and the decoding function of HID interface; The main.c file is master program file, carries out in turn control for initialization USB interface, task; The usb9.c file is used for the decoding of standard usb signal to be processed; The usbctrltrf.c file is used for decoding, the decoding of USB control data query bag to be processed; The usbdrv.c file is used for the switching controls of each state of USB; Usbdsc.c is used for the definition of usb signal; The usbmmap.c document definition each data receiver of 18F4550, send the hardware end points; The usb_generic_hid.c file is user data transmission, reception, processing module.System initialization code adopts the macro definition mode, and this define method often adopts in single-chip microcomputer.Definition UCFG working mark equals UCFG_VAL and namely sets USB and work at full speed pattern.Simultaneously to current USB duty global variable assignment.
After development was finished based on the flight simulator universal interface system of usb bus, the horizon instrument for subsequent use, velometer, signal designation board etc. that successively the summer are prolonged full operation flight analog machine drove test, and test effect meets the expection imagination.Succeeding in developing of this invention is the interface system design that first usb bus is applied to flight simulator, training aids in the domestic civil aviaton industry, filled up the blank that domestic simulator interface circuit adopts USB high-speed universal serial bus.The interface system that this invention achievement in research can be used as novel flight simulator, flight simulator uses, and also can be old analog machine upgrading corresponding technical support is provided.System's principal feature is as follows:
(1) system adopts USB2.0 full speed running mode, and theoretical velocity is up to 12Mb/S.
(2) can articulate at most in theory 127 interface motherboards.
(3) support the USB plug and play technique, matching program can be realized analog machine not shutdown maintenance, recovery.
(4) simultaneously non-interfering work of polylith motherboard, motherboard can articulate the demand that the polylith daughter board can satisfy the different simulator flights of large, medium and small type, flight simulator.
(5) interface is identified as human interface device (HID), unordered install driver in computing machine.
(6) total system is cheap.
(7) complete PC end software development kit.
(8) can drive the instrument that the Various Complex flight simulator uses.
(9) system provides self and external status detection function, cooperates probe can monitor the analog machine operational factors such as power supply power supply, working temperature.
(10) amplify transmission line by USB HUB signal, can full speed running when operating distance reaches 25M.As adopting the CAT5 extension device, transmission range can reach more than the 100M.
More than show and described ultimate principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; that describes in above-described embodiment and the instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.

Claims (3)

1. based on the flight simulator universal interface system of usb bus, it is characterized in that, utilize the usb bus of computing machine as the medium of communication of computing machine and interface system, consisted of by interface motherboard and each class interface daughter board on the interface system hardware, every interface motherboard can drive at most 8 interface daughter boards realizations to the expansion of port number, and computing machine can drive polylith interface motherboard simultaneously, in theory can be up to 127, and support the PnP technology.
2. the flight simulator universal interface system based on usb bus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the cooperating of interface motherboard and interface daughter board is finished the exchanges data of computing machine and flight simulation cockpit, the kind of interface daughter board comprises switching value input daughter board, switching value output daughter board, analog output daughter board, and the input service of analog quantity is finished by the interface motherboard.
3. the flight simulator universal interface system based on usb bus according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the firmware of interface motherboard is modeled to interface system the human interface device (HID) of computing machine.
CN201210485557.XA 2012-11-26 2012-11-26 Based on the flight simulator universal interface system of usb bus Expired - Fee Related CN102937942B (en)

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CN104062934A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-24 珠海翔翼航空技术有限公司 Simulator universal single-board controller and control method based on USB bus transfer
CN106371454A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-01 杨百川 Reconnaissance/attack integrated unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system multi-serial-port router
CN106611524A (en) * 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 冯介川 A reality control simulation system
CN112463676A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-09 青岛蓝天航空科技有限公司 Universal interface card of flight simulator cabin simulation equipment
CN116886532A (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-10-13 空间液态金属科技发展(江苏)有限公司 Adaptive configuration method for network configuration information of aerospace Ethernet switch

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CN104062934A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-09-24 珠海翔翼航空技术有限公司 Simulator universal single-board controller and control method based on USB bus transfer
CN106611524A (en) * 2015-10-26 2017-05-03 冯介川 A reality control simulation system
CN106371454A (en) * 2016-08-26 2017-02-01 杨百川 Reconnaissance/attack integrated unmanned aerial vehicle flight control system multi-serial-port router
CN112463676A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-09 青岛蓝天航空科技有限公司 Universal interface card of flight simulator cabin simulation equipment
CN112463676B (en) * 2020-11-26 2022-09-02 青岛蓝天航空科技有限公司 Universal interface card of flight simulator cabin simulation equipment
CN116886532A (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-10-13 空间液态金属科技发展(江苏)有限公司 Adaptive configuration method for network configuration information of aerospace Ethernet switch
CN116886532B (en) * 2023-09-07 2023-11-10 空间液态金属科技发展(江苏)有限公司 Adaptive configuration method for network configuration information of aerospace Ethernet switch

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