CN102930974A - Humidity adjustment-based manufacturing method for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets - Google Patents

Humidity adjustment-based manufacturing method for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets Download PDF

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CN102930974A
CN102930974A CN2012103878201A CN201210387820A CN102930974A CN 102930974 A CN102930974 A CN 102930974A CN 2012103878201 A CN2012103878201 A CN 2012103878201A CN 201210387820 A CN201210387820 A CN 201210387820A CN 102930974 A CN102930974 A CN 102930974A
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sintered
inert gas
magnet
oxygen content
humidity
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CN102930974B (en
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永田浩
吴冲浒
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Fujian Jinlong Rare Earth Co ltd
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Xiamen Tungsten Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a humidity adjustment-based manufacturing method for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets. The manufacturing method comprises the following step of controlling the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere to be between 10 and 80 percent in a procedure of manufacturing Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with less than 2,500 ppm of oxygen content in the sintered magnets and in the procedure of shaping in magnetic fields in a spaced sealed by inert gas. According to the method, the humidity of the inert gas atmosphere in the fully airtight environment is specifically set, and the adverse problems of fractures, broken corners and cracks easily and frequently appearing after the Nd-Fe-B magnets are sintered can be effectively solved.

Description

A kind of manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation
Technical field
The present invention relates to the manufacturing technology field of magnet, particularly relate to a kind of manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation.
Background technology
Magnet is the object that can produce magnetic field, is a magnetic dipole, can attract the metals such as ferromagnetic substance such as iron, nickel, cobalt.Nd-Fe-B system (Nd-Fe-B) magnet is a kind of in the magnet, it is to find at present the highest magnet of commercialization performance, be called the magnetic king by people, have high magnetic property, its maximum magnetic energy product (BH) max exceeds ferrite (Ferrite) more than 10 times; The machining property of itself is also suitable good, and working temperature reaches as high as 200 degrees centigrade, and its quality is hard, and stable performance has good cost performance, so its application is extremely extensive.
The manufacture craft of Nd-Fe-B system (Nd-Fe-B) magnet has two kinds, and a kind of is the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet, and another kind is the bonded Nd-Fe-B based magnet.The manufacture craft of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet of prior art mainly comprises following flow process: raw material preparation → melting → casting → hydrogen breaks the oxygen content evaluation in shaping → sintering in pulverizing → Crushing of Ultrafine → magnetic field → heat treatment → magnetic property evaluation → sintered body etc.In the manufacture craft of sintering Nd-Fe-B magnet, for forming process in the magnetic field, the early stage manufacturing process that is called as two-phase method that generally uses, the method is to use simple assembling die at low pressure (about 0.2ton/cm 2) after be shaped in the magnetic field (first paragraph shapings), after manually taking out, packing, at oil pressure high pressure (1.4ton/cm 2) in carry out hydrostatic pressing (second segment shaping) be manual methods because two-stage forming uses, so operation is longer, the oil pollution behind the hydrostatic pressing (second segment shaping) and the oxidation in the course of conveying etc. can cause in the quality management and constantly go wrong.Prior art is used the manufacturing process that is called as one-stage process usually, and namely adopting laterally, (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming equipment carries out automatic forming.
Formerly apply for a patent (US6461565, JP3233359, CN1195600, the JP2002-088403) of Japan discloses this press (i.e. horizontal (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming equipment), but the complete closed technology of this press (i.e. horizontal (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming equipment) also is not very ripe, because contain the following oxygen of 10000ppm, so the focus of technological improvement mainly concentrates in the bad prevention of the products such as formed body burning, heating.In addition, formerly apply for a patent in the technology and also can only make the sintered magnet that contains about oxygen 2900~6000ppm.The automated mechanical operation is also mentioned in Japanese formerly applying for a patent in the technology, not only product produces easily because of breaking that machinery causes, and frequently maintenance of equipment, so just easier generation oxidation, and seal can't improve.
Continuous stage along with technology, but the inert gas atmosphere replacement technique of the complete closed of simple realization, the oxygen content technology of controlling in the inert gas atmosphere of the following oxygen content of thousands of ppm in the forming machine (namely laterally (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming equipment) is also very flourishing.Therefore, can take complete closure technology as prerequisite, carry out the laterally peripheral technological development of (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming equipment.
Yet using laterally in the complete closed environment of inert gas, (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming equipment forms (the highest forming pressure 0.8ton/cm 2About) time, compare with two-stage forming because forming pressure is not enough, behind the sintering easily frequent occurrence break, the bad problems such as unfilled corner, crackle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, a kind of manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation is provided, by the humidity of inert gas atmosphere in the complete closed environment is carried out special setting, can effectively eliminate break behind the Nd-Fe-B based magnet sintering, the bad problem such as unfilled corner, crackle take place frequently.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation, that oxygen content is that Nd-Fe-B below the 2500ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet in making sintered magnet, in the space airtight with inert gas, carry out in the operation of magnetic forming, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%.
Further, the manufacture method of described sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet, that oxygen content is that Nd-Fe-B below the above 2500ppm of 300ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet in making sintered magnet, in the space airtight with inert gas, carry out in the operation of magnetic forming, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%.
Further, be that the relative humidity in the inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~65%.
Oxygen content in the described inert gas atmosphere is below 1000ppm.
The manufacture method of a kind of sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation of the present invention, when in the forming machine when airtight, in the inert gas atmosphere below oxygen content 2500ppm, relative humidity is greatly about being very dry state below 1%.We know that also too drying produces static easily, cause cob webbing to increase.The present invention finds that by moisture being offered the atmosphere in the forming machine making relative humidity improve and be controlled at 10%~80%(optimum is 10%~65%), can make break, unfilled corner and crackle is bad greatly reduces.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, because having adopted in making sintered magnet oxygen content is that Nd-Fe-B below the 2500ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet, in the space airtight with inert gas, carry out in the operation of magnetic forming, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%, the method is by carrying out special setting to the humidity of inert gas atmosphere in the complete closed environment, can effectively eliminate break behind the Nd-Fe-B based magnet sintering, the bad problem such as unfilled corner, crackle take place frequently.
General knowledge is in the past thought: be anti-oxidation, the words that the oxygen content in the inert gas atmosphere is lower are relatively good.In addition, also know a hawk from a handsaw and think: under the semiclosed environment of inert gas of oxygen content 10000ppm degree, for preventing the heating of catching fire, the words that humidity is lower are relatively good.But, in fully airtight forming machine, under the low oxygen content atmosphere below the 2500ppm, use when laterally (right angle) magnetic field orientating type-1 section automatic forming technology is carried out magnetic forming, the problems such as unfilled corner crackle can frequently occur breaking.This is main or with the electrostatic repulsion of powder very large relation is arranged.By in inert gas atmosphere, adding 10%~80% moisture, the static of powder is eliminated, the electrostatic repulsion between powder dies down.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail; But the manufacture method of a kind of sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation of the present invention is not limited to embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment,
The manufacture method of a kind of sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation of the present invention, that oxygen content is that Nd-Fe-B below the 2500ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet in making sintered magnet, in the operation of under the space airtight with inert gas, carrying out being shaped in the magnetic field, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%.
This manufacture method also can be: oxygen content is that the NdFeB below the above 2500ppm of 300ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet in making sintered magnet, in the space airtight with inert gas, carry out in the operation of magnetic forming, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%.
For relative humidity control, preferably: the relative humidity in the inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~65%.
Oxygen content in the described inert gas atmosphere is below 1000ppm.
Below by a plurality of experiments, describe manufacturing process of the present invention in detail:
For the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet, its manufacture craft mainly comprises following flow process: raw material preparation → melting → casting → hydrogen breaks the oxygen content evaluation in shaping → sintering in pulverizing → Crushing of Ultrafine → magnetic field → heat treatment → magnetic property evaluation → sintered body etc.
At the raw material preparation process: prepare the Co of Nd, the industrial Fe-B of purity 99.5%, industrial pure Fe, purity 99.9%, the weight ratio of each composition meets following table:
Nd Fe B Co
31 67 1 1
Form for finishing above-mentioned preparation, add up to weighing, prepared the raw material of 500kg.
In the melting operation: the raw material after the preparation is put into the crucible of oxidation aluminum, uses the high-frequency vacuum induction melting furnace, 10 -2In the vacuum of Pa, vacuum melting to 1500 ℃.
At casting process: after passing into Ar gas to 1 ten thousand Pa in the smelting furnace after vacuum melting, use centre spinning to cast.
Break pulverizing process at hydrogen: the purity that at room temperature passes into 0.1MPa is 99.5% hydrogen, places to vacuumize after 2 hours, takes out 2 hours vacuum under 500 ℃ temperature; Cool off afterwards, take out the test portion after hydrogen breaks pulverizing.
In the Crushing of Ultrafine operation: under the atmosphere below the oxygen content 100ppm, be to carry out JM under the pressure of 0.4MPa to pulverize at pulverizing chamber pressure; Particle mean size after the pulverizing is 3 μ m;
Add the shaping of selling on the market wax (wax system) and the shaping dies lubricant that use as shaping additive in the powder after pulverizing, add up to and add 0.3%, fully mix with the V-type batch mixer again;
Forming process in magnetic field: all powder all uses the pressing under magnetic field machine of right angle orientation type, in the alignment magnetic field of 2T, under 20 ℃ temperature, at 0.8ton/cm 2Briquetting pressure under, 100 length of sides that have been shaped are about the cube of 20mm; In the magnetic field of 0.2T, demagnetize after being shaped;
When guarantee being shaped in the atmosphere below the oxygen content stuck-at-1 000ppm; Humidifier is set in forming machine, and humidifier begins action after (not humidification) when relative humidity drops to below 3%, forms in humidity is changed to 1% ~ 100% atmosphere;
Unfilled corner slight crack investigation after having carried out being shaped: as long as even if permanent magnetic material has the slight crack unfilled corner of any to break bad, at once by range estimation, as long as find the unfilled corner slight crack that breaks that length 3mm is above, just be judged as badly after being shaped, calculate fraction defective;
In sintering circuit: each formed body is carried to sintering furnace and carries out sintering; Sintering is 10 -1Under the vacuum of Pa, after respectively keeping 2 hours under 300 ℃, 800 ℃ the temperature, with 1050 ℃ temperature sintering 2 hours, pass into afterwards Ar gas to 0.1MPa, be cooled to room temperature;
At heat treatment step: sintered body in high-purity Ar gas, carry out heat treatment in 1 hour with 580 ℃ of temperature after, take out after being cooled to room temperature;
Estimate operation at magnetic property: sintered magnet uses the NIM-10000H block rare earth permanent magnetism nondestructive detection system of China metering institute type to carry out magnetic property and detects;
Oxygen content in sintered body is estimated operation: the oxygen content in the sintered body uses the EMGA-620W type oxygen-nitrogen analyzer of Japanese HORIBA company to detect.
It below is the magnetic property table of comparisons of this bright embodiment and comparative example (in different relative humidity situations)
Figure BDA00002244650600051
In fully airtight forming machine, pass into inert gas in the atmosphere, form at low oxygen content, low humidity, splintering problem occurs easily.Pure nitrogen gas is when the low dew point below-60 ℃, because contain hardly moisture, the atmosphere in the forming machine is in the super drying regime of relative humidity below 1%.This super drying regime produces static easily, and static can make between powder and to produce very strong electrostatic repulsion and cause the formability variation.The degree of orientation is reduced, and Br, (BH) max reduce.This is because powder surface does not have oxygen and moisture, will produce firm combination as metal bond, and the degree of orientation between powder will reduce like this.
In fully airtight forming machine, pass into inert gas in the atmosphere, form at low oxygen content, low humidity, also the problem of easy abnormal crystal grain-growth (AGG), coercive force reduction.More very, because the oxygen content in the sintered body is extremely low, also can cause the bad problem of HAST test.This be because, almost do not have oxidizing component in Ultra Low-oxygen content, ultralow humidity, the metal Nd composition that oxidation does not occur will sharply increase, and this just causes abnormal grain growth (AGG) easily, make coercive force reduce the experimental result variation of corrosion resistance (HAST).
Can find out that by above-described embodiment and comparative example an amount of moisture can make the degree of orientation increase as lubricant, improves Br, (BH) max.As long as by introducing suitable humidity, the unfilled corner problem of breaking is greatly reduced.By in forming machine, replenishing an amount of moisture, just can improve magnet performance (Br, (BH) max, Hcj).In addition, also can improve corrosion resistance.
Above-described embodiment only is used for further specifying the manufacture method of a kind of sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation of the present invention; but the present invention is not limited to embodiment; every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all falls in the protection range of technical solution of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification that above embodiment does.

Claims (5)

1. manufacture method based on the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet of humidity regulation, it is characterized in that: be that oxygen content is that Nd-Fe-B below the 2500ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet in making sintered magnet, in the operation of under the space airtight with inert gas, carrying out being shaped in the magnetic field, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%.
2. the manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: further, the manufacture method of described sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet, that oxygen content is that Nd-Fe-B below the above 2500ppm of 300ppm is in the operation of sintered magnet in making sintered magnet, in the operation of under the space airtight with inert gas, carrying out being shaped in the magnetic field, the relative humidity of inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~80%.
3. the manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: further, be that the relative humidity in the inert gas atmosphere is controlled at 10%~65%.
4. the manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the oxygen content in the described inert gas atmosphere is below 1000ppm.
5. the manufacture method of the sintered Nd-Fe-B based magnet based on humidity regulation according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the oxygen content in the described inert gas atmosphere is below 1000ppm.
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PCT/CN2013/085035 WO2014056447A1 (en) 2012-10-11 2013-10-11 Process for manufacturing formed body of rare earth alloy magnetic powder and process for manufacturing rare earth magnet
US14/435,017 US10062503B2 (en) 2012-10-11 2013-10-11 Manufacturing method of green compacts of rare earth alloy magnetic powder and a manufacturing method of rare earth magnet

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Cited By (6)

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CN103600070A (en) * 2013-10-24 2014-02-26 厦门钨业股份有限公司 Production method for rare earth alloy magnetic powder forming body and rare-earth magnet
WO2014056447A1 (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 厦门钨业股份有限公司 Process for manufacturing formed body of rare earth alloy magnetic powder and process for manufacturing rare earth magnet
CN103990794A (en) * 2014-06-10 2014-08-20 江苏巨鑫磁业有限公司 Method for oxidizing residual crystalline solids of bonded neodymium iron boron rapid-quenching permanent magnetic powder
CN106356173A (en) * 2015-07-14 2017-01-25 株式会社东芝 Permanent magnet
CN106783127A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-31 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 NbFeB sintered method based on weather
CN112164571A (en) * 2020-08-17 2021-01-01 包头韵升强磁材料有限公司 Preparation method of sintered rare earth permanent magnet material

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CN1944018A (en) * 2006-09-01 2007-04-11 浙江大学 Method for preparing strong magnetic-weak magnetic gradient material formed by slip casting in pulse magnetic field
CN202366774U (en) * 2011-12-15 2012-08-08 天津三环乐喜新材料有限公司 Air source control device

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CN202366774U (en) * 2011-12-15 2012-08-08 天津三环乐喜新材料有限公司 Air source control device

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014056447A1 (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 厦门钨业股份有限公司 Process for manufacturing formed body of rare earth alloy magnetic powder and process for manufacturing rare earth magnet
US10062503B2 (en) 2012-10-11 2018-08-28 Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd. Manufacturing method of green compacts of rare earth alloy magnetic powder and a manufacturing method of rare earth magnet
CN103600070A (en) * 2013-10-24 2014-02-26 厦门钨业股份有限公司 Production method for rare earth alloy magnetic powder forming body and rare-earth magnet
CN103990794A (en) * 2014-06-10 2014-08-20 江苏巨鑫磁业有限公司 Method for oxidizing residual crystalline solids of bonded neodymium iron boron rapid-quenching permanent magnetic powder
CN106356173A (en) * 2015-07-14 2017-01-25 株式会社东芝 Permanent magnet
CN106783127A (en) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-31 廊坊京磁精密材料有限公司 NbFeB sintered method based on weather
CN112164571A (en) * 2020-08-17 2021-01-01 包头韵升强磁材料有限公司 Preparation method of sintered rare earth permanent magnet material
CN112164571B (en) * 2020-08-17 2022-02-11 包头韵升强磁材料有限公司 Preparation method of sintered rare earth permanent magnet material

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