CN102927959A - Automatic calibration device and calibration method for strain gauge - Google Patents
Automatic calibration device and calibration method for strain gauge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102927959A CN102927959A CN2012102733402A CN201210273340A CN102927959A CN 102927959 A CN102927959 A CN 102927959A CN 2012102733402 A CN2012102733402 A CN 2012102733402A CN 201210273340 A CN201210273340 A CN 201210273340A CN 102927959 A CN102927959 A CN 102927959A
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Abstract
The invention provides an automatic calibration device and calibration method for a strain gauge. The automatic calibration device adopts a grating displacement sensor as a standard, a stepper motor for driving, a controller for controlling, reading and processing data, and a closed-loop system is completely adopted, so that full-automatic calibration and detection are realized for the strain gauge, wherein the output accuracy of the grating displacement sensor is 3 mum, so the detection accuracy is guaranteed; a horizontal base is provided with two V-shaped guide rails which are parallel to each other, so that a movable flame can not deflect or tilt when running with load, and the loading capacity and the application range can be improved; and a high-precision ball screw can be guaranteed to transfer enough torsion accurately during the movement process. With the adoption of the method, continuous measurement for multiple positions can be realized, the work efficiency of measurement can be improved, a calibration equation adopts a simple cubic equation, so that the calibration process is greatly simplified, a zero-returning step eliminates an accumulated error caused by long-term work of a controller, and further, the detection accuracy of the method is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the computer measurement and control field, be specifically related to a kind of strainmeter self-checking device and calibration steps.
Background technology
Strainmeter is a kind of measurement instrument that construction quality detects that is widely used in, and it is of a great variety, is mainly used in the strain measurement of the various structures such as dam, bridge, pipeline, support, piling bar.During use, can be directly with in their Transducers Embedded in Concretes, thus the secular strain of Fundamentals of Measurement stake, bridge, dam, capsul, tunnel-liner etc.Thus, the performance of strainmeter and degree of accuracy have very important meaning to Construction Safety.
Especially in recent years, the accidents resulting from poor quality of projects such as bridge cracking, building collapsing appear in nationwide frequently, have caused heavy losses to national wealth, have brought great potential safety hazard also for simultaneously the people's normal life.For building a harmonious society, escort for accelerating economic construction simultaneously, be necessary to develop as early as possible, develop a kind of accurately checkout equipment of the degree of accuracy of monitor strain instrument, to respond country to the call of the supervision of reinforcement engineering safety measurement instrument and to meet the need of market.
At present, domestic industry-by-industry is uneven to the degree of accuracy standard-required of strainmeter, goes back the unified vertification regulation of neither one, makes technical supervision department very unfavorable to the supervision of this instrument.In addition, to wherein linear error and the repeatability of most important measuring index dependent variable do not have ready-made calibration equipment, great majority all to adopt dial gauge or electronic digital indicator to detect.This method detects low, the location difficulty of degree of accuracy, is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of measurement.So applying unit urgently wishes to have an authoritative pick-up unit of cover and detection method to examine and determine the precision of strainmeter.
Summary of the invention
For solving the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a cover can improve Full-automatic calibration device and the calibration steps that detects degree of accuracy, simplifies calibration process.
In order to realize above-mentioned target, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The strainmeter self-checking device, it is characterized in that, comprise: be used for the fixedly fixed mount of strainmeter one end, the tressel that is used for the aforementioned strainmeter other end of clamping, be used for placing the horizontal base of aforementioned fixed mount and tressel, be used for measuring the grating displacement sensor of aforementioned tressel shift position, be used for driving the mechanical driving that aforementioned tressel moves horizontally, be used for controlling the stepper motor that aforementioned mechanical driving moves, be used for controlling the controller of aforementioned stepper motor work; Aforementioned grating displacement sensor is fixedly connected with tressel and parallel installation, and aforementioned grating displacement sensor is connected with the controller electric signal; Aforementioned fixed mount is fixedly connected with horizontal base; Aforementioned tressel and horizontal base are slidingly connected.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device is characterized in that, the output recurrent interval of aforementioned grating displacement sensor is 0.5 μ m, and output accuracy is 3 μ m.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device is characterized in that, aforementioned mechanical driving is the high precision ball leading screw.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device is characterized in that aforementioned fixed mount, tressel have the anchor clamps for the clamping strainmeter, and aforementioned anchor clamps have anti-skidding lines, and is provided with the zinc protective seam.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device, it is characterized in that, aforementioned controller comprises: be used for sending gating pulse and to the data collecting card of aforementioned step-by-step counting to stepper motor, the aforementioned data capture card is the diaxon stepping/servo control card of built-in 28 digit counters.
Aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device is characterized in that, the aforementioned levels base comprises: two V-type rails with V-type groove that are parallel to each other, aforementioned tressel slides at V-type rail.
The method of aforesaid strainmeter self-checking device calibration strainmeter is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1), the user inputs setup parameter in controller, aforementioned setup parameter comprises: intend the strainmeter measured the dependent variable scope, measure the interval;
(2), controller reads aforementioned setup parameter and goes out the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation according to the step size computation of stepper motor;
(3), controller exports aforementioned gating pulse, makes stepper motor turn over corresponding angle, aforementioned stepper motor by the control mechanical driving movement so that drive tressel and grating displacement sensor moves;
(4), grating displacement sensor sends to controller with the displacement that detects with the form of pulse, controller compares this displacement and known target measurement value, when reaching aforementioned target measurement value, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and inputs the at this moment reading of strainmeter by the user in controller after aforementioned stepper motor stops operating; Aforementioned target measurement value draws according to dependent variable scope and measurement interval calculation;
(5), repeating step (three) and (four), continue the comparison of next target measurement value;
(6), all target measurement values all complete after, controller calculates calibration equation according to the reading of the reading of grating displacement sensor and corresponding strainmeter;
(7), output detections result, aforementioned testing result comprises: calibration point position, strain-ga(u)ge reading, grating displacement sensor measured displacements, calibration equation, error, aforementioned error are the absolute error between strain-ga(u)ge reading and the grating displacement sensor measured displacements.
The method of aforesaid calibration strainmeter is characterized in that, aforementioned calibration equation is controller according to the grating displacement sensor measured displacements P and the strain-ga(u)ge reading F that obtain, utilizes the resulting simple cubic equation of least square fitting, and is specific as follows:
P＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
Aforementioned a, b, c, d are fitting coefficient.
The method of aforesaid calibration strainmeter is characterized in that, also comprises back zero step, and aforementioned grating displacement sensor is provided with zero-bit, and controller starts stepper motor, drives grating displacement sensor by aforementioned stepper motor and gets back to the zero locatino grating place.
The method of aforesaid calibration strainmeter is characterized in that, time zero step is specific as follows:
(1), controller returns zero direction according to the position judgment of zero locatino grating;
(2), controller starts stepper motor, moved by aforementioned stepper motor driving mechanical transmission component, and then drive grating displacement sensor and move;
(3), grating displacement sensor is in real time to controller transmitted signal, when getting back to the zero locatino grating place, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and returns zero step and finishes.
Usefulness of the present invention is: device of the present invention utilizes grating displacement sensor as standard, and stepper motor drives, with controller control, reading and data process, and adopt closed-loop system fully, realized the full automatic calibration of strainmeter and detection; The output accuracy of grating displacement sensor is 3 μ m, has guaranteed the degree of accuracy that detects; Horizontal base has two V-type rails that are parallel to each other, and guarantees when tressel moves beat and pitching not to occur in the situation of load, has greatly improved ability and the applicable scope of load; Adopt the high precision ball leading screw, guarantee accurately to transmit enough large torsion in the motion process; Method of the present invention can realize the multiposition continuous coverage, has improved the work efficiency of measuring; Calibration equation utilizes least square method to obtain, and adopts simple cubic equation to express, and has greatly improved the detection degree of accuracy, has simplified calibration process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the diagrammatic cross-section of V-type rail in the strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of the method for calibration strainmeter of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process flow diagram that returns zero step in the method for calibration strainmeter of the present invention;
The implication of Reference numeral among the figure: 1-fixed mount, 2-tressel, 3-grating displacement sensor, 4-mechanical driving, 5-stepper motor, 6-controller, 7-strainmeter, 8-V type guide rail, 9-V type groove.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done concrete introduction.
With reference to Fig. 1, strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention comprises: fixed mount, tressel, horizontal base, grating displacement sensor, mechanical driving, stepper motor, controller.Their relation each other is as follows:
Fixed mount and tressel are respectively from two ends clamping, fixing strainmeter; Horizontal base is used for placing fixed mount and tressel, and horizontal base has guaranteed the relatively stable of fixed mount and tressel in the vertical direction position, and wherein, fixed mount is fixedly connected with horizontal base, and tressel and horizontal base are slidingly connected.
Fixed mount, tressel have the anchor clamps for the clamping strainmeter, and as a kind of preferred scheme, anchor clamps have anti-skidding lines, and are provided with the zinc protective seam.Anti-skidding lines can increase the friction force between anchor clamps and the strainmeter, makes strainmeter with itself not being moved with respect to anchor clamps in the process of tressel motion, guarantees the precision that detects; The zinc protective seam can increase the hardness of anchor clamps, and then can bear more heavy weight load.
Grating displacement sensor is used for measuring the position that tressel moves, be fixedly connected with and parallel installation with tressel, herein be fixedly connected with and parallel installation refers to: grating displacement sensor and tressel are fixed together by parts such as web joint (not shown), screws (not shown), concrete fixed position is the side that grating displacement sensor is fixed on tressel, but not end face, and the two is parallel to each other.This kind relative position relation has reduced the offset error that tressel brings because load is excessive greatly, thereby has improved the accuracy of detection of package unit.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the output recurrent interval of grating displacement sensor is 0.5 μ m, and output accuracy is 3 μ m.Greatly improved the degree of accuracy of the detection of strainmeter self-checking device of the present invention.
Mechanical driving is used for driving tressel and moves horizontally, and specifically is arranged on below or the side of horizontal base inside or top, tressel.
As a kind of preferred scheme, mechanical driving is the high precision ball leading screw, can guarantee can accurately transmit enough large torsion in the motion process.More specifically, the high precision ball leading screw can select diameter greater than the high precision ball leading screw of 25mm.
As a kind of preferred scheme, horizontal base includes the V-type rail of two V-type grooves that are parallel to each other, and with reference to Fig. 2, tressel slides along V-type rail under the drive of mechanical driving.The special construction of V-type rail has guaranteed when tressel moves beat and pitching not to occur in the situation of load, has greatly improved the ability of tressel load and the applicable scope of device of the present invention.
Stepper motor is used for the control mechanical driving and moves, and the control of controlled device.Controller can be calculated the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation and then the work of control step motor according to the step-length of the setup parameter of user input and stepper motor.Controller is connected with the grating displacement sensor electric signal, receives the output pulse that grating displacement sensor transmits, cease and desist order to the stepper motor transmission in due course according to the information of output pulse, and then the movement of control grating displacement sensor.
As a kind of preferred scheme, controller comprises: be used for sending gating pulse and to the data collecting card (not shown) of above-mentioned step-by-step counting to stepper motor, data collecting card is the diaxon stepping/servo control card of built-in 28 digit counters.Diaxon stepping/servo control card can be controlled pulsed frequency, pulse number and the pulsed frequency rate of change that sends accurately, because pulsed frequency, pulse number corresponding with motor rotation speed and the motor corner is corresponding, pulsed frequency rate of change and motor acceleration are corresponding, so, it can satisfy the control requirement of the various complexity of stepper motor, and then promotes the detection precision of device of the present invention.
The method of utilizing above-mentioned strainmeter self-checking device calibration strainmeter is described below, and with reference to Fig. 3, it mainly comprises following step:
(1), the user inputs setup parameter in controller, setup parameter comprises: intend the strainmeter measured the dependent variable scope, measure the interval.For example, the dependent variable scope of input is 1mm, measures to be spaced apart 0.2mm, and this group will have 5 target measurement values in measuring so, be respectively: 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm;
(2), controller reads the dependent variable scope of input and measures the interval, and goes out the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation according to the step size computation of stepper motor;
(3), controller is exported above-mentioned gating pulse, make stepper motor turn over corresponding angle, step motor control mechanical driving along continuous straight runs moves corresponding distance, because mechanical driving drives tressel and moves, and tressel is fixedly connected with grating displacement sensor, moves corresponding distance so finally driven grating displacement sensor;
(4), grating displacement sensor sends to controller with the displacement that detects with the form of pulse, controller is translated as the pulse information that receives the displacement of grating sensor again, then this displacement and known target measurement value are compared, for example: be to compare with 0.2mm first, when the displacement of grating displacement sensor reaches above-mentioned target measurement value, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and inputs the at this moment reading of strainmeter by the user in controller after stepper motor stops operating;
(5), repeating step (three) and (four), continue the comparison of next target measurement value, this next one target measurement value respectively is: 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm;
(6), all target measurement values all complete after, for example 5 target measurement value 0.2mm in the present embodiment, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm all complete after, controller calculates calibration equation according to the reading of the reading of grating displacement sensor and corresponding strainmeter;
(7), the output detections result, above-mentioned testing result comprises: calibration point position, strain-ga(u)ge reading, grating displacement sensor measured displacements, calibration equation, error, all output in the Excel form, convenient observe and print.Wherein, error is the absolute error between strain-ga(u)ge reading and the grating displacement sensor measured displacements.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the calibration equation in the step (six) is controller according to the grating displacement sensor measured displacements P and the strain-ga(u)ge reading F that obtain, utilizes the resulting simple cubic equation of least square fitting, and is specific as follows:
P＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
Wherein, a, b, c, d are fitting coefficient.
All measurement is complete when above-mentioned 5 target measurement values, will obtain fitting coefficient a, b, c, d in grating displacement sensor measured displacements P and the strain-ga(u)ge reading F substitution formula.In measurement range, give concrete numerical value of strain-ga(u)ge reading F, then will obtain corresponding grating displacement sensor measured displacements P in this concrete numerical value substitution formula, then it is poor P and F to be done, namely obtain the error of strainmeter, meet the requirements if error in allowed limits, illustrates the precision of this strainmeter, be specification product, can grant and dispatch from the factory; If error has exceeded the scope that allows, illustrate that this strainmeter precision is inadequate, belong to substandard product, can not grant and dispatch from the factory.
The calibration equation that uses in the method for the present invention utilizes least square method to obtain, and adopts simple cubic equation to express, and has greatly improved the detection degree of accuracy, has simplified calibration process.
As a kind of preferred scheme, the method for calibration strainmeter of the present invention also comprises back zero step.Grating displacement sensor is provided with zero-bit, and controller starts stepper motor after user selection returns null mode, and stepper motor drives grating displacement sensor and gets back to the zero locatino grating place.With reference to Fig. 4, concrete steps are as follows:
(1), controller returns zero direction according to the position judgment of zero locatino grating;
(2), controller starts stepper motor, moved by stepper motor driving mechanical transmission component, and then drive grating displacement sensor and move;
(3), grating displacement sensor is in real time to controller transmitted signal, when getting back to the zero locatino grating place, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and returns zero step and finishes.
Zero process of returning is used for eliminating the accumulated error that the controller long-term work causes, and can further improve the precision that the method detects.
Need to prove that above-described embodiment does not limit the present invention in any form, all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the mode of equivalent transformation obtains, all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. strainmeter self-checking device, it is characterized in that, comprise: be used for the fixedly fixed mount of strainmeter one end, the tressel that is used for the above-mentioned strainmeter other end of clamping, be used for placing the horizontal base of above-mentioned fixed mount and tressel, be used for measuring the grating displacement sensor of above-mentioned tressel shift position, be used for driving the mechanical driving that above-mentioned tressel moves horizontally, be used for controlling the stepper motor that above-mentioned mechanical driving moves, be used for controlling the controller of above-mentioned stepper motor work; Above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is fixedly connected with tressel and parallel installation, and above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is connected with the controller electric signal; Above-mentioned fixed mount is fixedly connected with horizontal base; Above-mentioned tressel and horizontal base are slidingly connected.
2. strainmeter self-checking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the output recurrent interval of above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is 0.5 μ m, and output accuracy is 3 μ m.
3. strainmeter self-checking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned mechanical driving is the high precision ball leading screw.
4. strainmeter self-checking device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, above-mentioned fixed mount, tressel have the anchor clamps for the clamping strainmeter, and above-mentioned anchor clamps have anti-skidding lines, and is provided with the zinc protective seam.
5. according to claim 1 to the described strainmeter self-checking device of 4 any one claims, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned controller comprises: be used for sending gating pulse and to the data collecting card of above-mentioned step-by-step counting to stepper motor, above-mentioned data collecting card is the diaxon stepping/servo control card of built-in 28 digit counters.
6. according to claim 1 to the described strainmeter self-checking device of 4 any one claims, it is characterized in that above-mentioned horizontal base comprises: two V-type rails with V-type groove that are parallel to each other, above-mentioned tressel slides at V-type rail.
7. utilize the method for strainmeter self-checking device calibration strainmeter claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1), the user inputs setup parameter in controller, above-mentioned setup parameter comprises: intend the strainmeter measured the dependent variable scope, measure the interval;
(2), controller reads above-mentioned setup parameter and goes out the umber of pulse of the gating pulse of control step electric machine rotation according to the step size computation of stepper motor;
(3), controller exports above-mentioned gating pulse, makes stepper motor turn over corresponding angle, above-mentioned stepper motor by the control mechanical driving movement so that drive tressel and grating displacement sensor moves;
(4), grating displacement sensor sends to controller with the displacement that detects with the form of pulse, controller compares this displacement and known target measurement value, when reaching above-mentioned target measurement value, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and inputs the at this moment reading of strainmeter by the user in controller after above-mentioned stepper motor stops operating; Above-mentioned target measurement value draws according to dependent variable scope and measurement interval calculation;
(5), repeating step (three) and (four), continue the comparison of next target measurement value;
(6), all target measurement values all complete after, controller calculates calibration equation according to the reading of the reading of grating displacement sensor and corresponding strainmeter;
(7), output detections result, above-mentioned testing result comprises: calibration point position, strain-ga(u)ge reading, grating displacement sensor measured displacements, calibration equation, error, above-mentioned error are the absolute error between strain-ga(u)ge reading and the grating displacement sensor measured displacements.
8. the method for calibration strainmeter according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned calibration equation is controller according to the grating displacement sensor measured displacements P and the strain-ga(u)ge reading F that obtain, utilizes the resulting simple cubic equation of least square fitting, and is specific as follows:
P＝a+b×F+c×F
2+d×F
3
Above-mentioned a, b, c, d are fitting coefficient.
9. according to claim 7 or the method for 8 described calibration strainmeters, it is characterized in that also comprise back zero step, above-mentioned grating displacement sensor is provided with zero-bit, controller starts stepper motor, drives grating displacement sensor by above-mentioned stepper motor and gets back to the zero locatino grating place.
10. the method for calibration strainmeter according to claim 9 is characterized in that, time zero step is specific as follows:
(1), controller returns zero direction according to the position judgment of zero locatino grating;
(2), controller starts stepper motor, moved by above-mentioned stepper motor driving mechanical transmission component, and then drive grating displacement sensor and move;
(3), grating displacement sensor is in real time to controller transmitted signal, when getting back to the zero locatino grating place, controller sends to stepper motor and ceases and desist order, and returns zero step and finishes.
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