The manual electric arc welding prime coat is arc extinguishing method and in the application of Q460 high-strength steel level during fixedly butt welding of steel tube connects in a zigzag
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize the process of manual electric arc welding welding butt weld, more particularly, relate to a kind of novel prime coat welding technique and in the application of Q460 high-strength steel level during fixedly butt welding of steel tube connects.
Background technology
When manual electric arc welding bottoming welding is adopted in butt weld, what generally adopt is some arc extinguishing methods or 2 arc extinguishing methods, there is following shortcoming in these two kinds of methods: some arc extinguishing methods, and the weld seam middle part is pointed in arc burning process welding rod termination, and welding process easily produces the outstanding too high or overlap defective of root; 2 arc extinguishing methods, arc burning process welding rod termination are clicked respectively test specimen root both sides fast, and to form the molten bath, if welding process arc extinguishing frequency is very fast, then the molten bath is difficult for observing, and easily produces dreg defect, if the arc extinguishing frequency is slower, then easily produces overlap.
The Q460 high-strength steel is widely used in the large-scale framework manufacturings such as Bird's Nest, UHV transmission steel tower.500 kilovolts of burnt tower lines arised from the 500 kilovolts of universal love transformer stations in Jiaozhuo in 2009, terminate in the 500 kilovolts of towers in Xinxiang and spread transformer station, 272 steel towers of this line are all made with the Q460 high-strength steel, compare with conventional steel, the steel tower gross weight has reduced 9.4%, altogether saving steel is 1121 tons, reduces 8,970,000 yuan of construction investments, makes the engineering unit cost reduce approximately 2%.Present stage, every profession and trade adopted manual electric arc welding method to Q460 process for welding high-strength steel major part, and in welding training and site operation process, have following problem: it is improper that 1 welding procedure is formulated; 2 welding conditions are unreasonable; 3 weld seams easily produce the weld defects such as cob webbing, welding bead be excessively inhomogeneous.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of novel prime coat welding technique is provided, can observe better the molten bath in the welding process, reduce the generation of prime coat weld defect, the support of operating technology aspect is provided for the assurance of banjo fixing butt jointing prime coat welding quality, and this arc-suppressing method can effectively be controlled the shaping of the root of weld and can obtain good seam organization.
Technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by following technical proposals:
A kind of prime coat arc-suppressing method of manual electric arc welding, arcing point is positioned at the groove root near root face 2-3mm place, oblique rear along groove face to the molten bath after striking is to light band electric arc, teeter is to the groove opposite side after doing to pause, after observing this side slope mouth fusion well, to the oblique rear of arcing point to arc extinguishing, welding rod termination running orbit is just as "the" shape, specifically, take the weld width direction as X-direction, take interface length as Y direction (being welding direction), after the arcing point striking, shown in accompanying drawing 1, move, its running orbit is 30-40 ° in the projection of XOY plane and the angle α of X-direction, do rear (namely in order to form and the keep the molten bath) teeter that pauses to the groove opposite side, projection at XOY plane, this moment, the molten bath that a welding forms was passed in the welding rod termination when teeter, the distance h of passing top, line-spacing molten bath is 1/3-1/2 of whole molten bath H, after this side slope mouth fusion to be seen is good, the oblique rear of arcing point is 30-40 ° to (namely comparing with the welding direction Y direction) arc extinguishing in the projection of XOY plane and the angle β of X-direction on this side cut.Like this, adopted identical manipulation of electrode to finish the welding of whole piece prime coat weld seam, the arc manipulation track of welding process welding rod termination is similar to " it " font, and the molten bath of formation covers 1/3-1/2 of last molten bath along welding direction (being Y direction).
The current interruption soldering method is adopted in the bottom welding, adopts single-point or 2 current interruption methods in the past: some arc extinguishing methods, and the weld seam middle part is pointed in arc burning process welding rod termination, and welding process easily produces the outstanding too high or overlap defective of root; 2 arc extinguishing methods, arc burning process welding rod termination are clicked respectively test specimen root both sides fast, and to form the molten bath, if welding process arc extinguishing frequency is very fast, then the molten bath is difficult for observing, and easily produces dreg defect, if the arc extinguishing frequency is slower, then easily produces overlap.
" it " type of employing arc extinguishing method just can solve above-mentioned shortcoming well.At first, groove one side is ignited electric arc near root 2-3mm place after, with the welding rod termination along groove face fast to the oblique rear in molten bath to light band electric arc, after observing this side slope mouth fusion well, move laterally to opposite side groove face place, treat that this groove face dissolves and forms the oblique rear of backward arcing point, full molten bath arc extinguishing, forms first molten bath (seat).Can avoid the welding rod termination to melt to oblique rear to arc extinguishing and excessively paste on the groove of not welding to the molten iron in molten bath, the slag that utilizes simultaneously the power of blowing of electric arc will cover weld pool surface blows to the rear, more is beneficial to for the second time striking and is convenient to joint.The groove face side of for the first time striking can be selected in again the ignite position of electric arc, also can select for the first time groove face side of arc extinguishing, and manipulation of electrode is identical with the first time.Whole piece prime coat weld seam all welds by this mode, the arc manipulation track of welding process welding rod termination is similar to " it " font, weld with the method and can observe more clearly the molten bath, ensure the uniformity that the prime coat root is outstanding, reduce to splash, slag is on the impact of welding process, improves welding quality, can utilize the power of blowing of electric arc, the slag that covers weld pool surface is blown to the rear in molten bath, be beneficial to the observation in molten bath, be convenient to restarting and joint.
The arc-suppressing method that utilizes above-mentioned manual prime coat to Q460 high-strength steel level fixedly steel pipe dock welding, control prick Q460 high-strength steel level fixedly steel pipe dock manual electric arc welding method, step is as follows:
1) will polish metallic luster in the groove of test specimen and the surperficial both sides 10mm scope, then carry out test specimen assembled group pair, bevel angle is that 30-35 °, root gap are that (3.5-4.5) mm, root face are that (1.0-1.5) mm, unfitness of butt joint are less than 1mm;
Clock face when 2) regarding the test tube side as one positions respectively weldering on 10 points, 2 position, tack welding length is (15-20) mm;
3) welding process adopts the multi-layer multi-pass welding process method to carry out, and welding direction is for upwards vertical.Described multi-layer multi-pass welding process method comprises bottom, intermediate layer and superficial layer welding procedure:
The bottom welding: adopt " it " word arc extinguishing soldering method, electric power polarity is positive connection, and its welding condition is: welding current 120 ± 10A, arc voltage 22 ± 2V, speed of welding 90 ± 10mm/min, individual layer ≯ 3.2mm;
2) the intermediate layer welding adopts the multi-layer multi-pass welding zigzag to connect the arc-welding connection, and electric power polarity is opposition method, and its welding condition is: welding current 150 ± 10A, arc voltage 23 ± 10V, speed of welding 180 ± 20mm/min, each layer thickness ≯ core diameter;
3) the superficial layer welding adopts the multi-layer multi-pass welding zigzag to connect arc welding, and electric power polarity is opposition method, and its welding condition is: welding current 150 ± 10A, arc voltage 23 ± 10V, speed of welding 220 ± 20mm/min, each layer thickness ≯ core diameter.
Technical Analysis of the present invention: the current interruption soldering method is adopted in bottom welding, adopts single-point or 2 current interruption methods in the past: in the middle of weld seam or the arc extinguishing welding behind the electric arc of igniting of groove both sides, adopt the order of alternately stack to carry out.There is the position of starting to be positioned at the position of six thirty of clock to five thirty, easily makes the place of starting produce depression, the subtend street corner welding that is unfavorable for starting and locates.The blow-out direction of electric arc is welding direction during arc extinguishing, easily makes the welding rod termination melt and excessively paste on the groove of not welding to the molten iron in molten bath, brings artificial obstacle to welding process.
" it " type of employing arc extinguishing method just can solve above-mentioned shortcoming well.At first, after groove one side is ignited electric arc, the welding rod termination is moved quickly into the weld seam middle part, along with the fusing arm of welding rod along with lifting, slightly laterally slightly swing, dissolve and form full rear molten bath to oblique rear arc extinguishing until the groove opposite side, form first molten bath seat, just can avoid the welding rod termination to melt to oblique rear to arc extinguishing and excessively paste on the groove of not welding to the molten iron in molten bath, the slag that utilizes simultaneously the power of blowing of electric arc will cover weld pool surface blows to the rear, more be beneficial to for the second time striking and be convenient to joint, the arc manipulation track of whole welding process welding rod termination is similar to " it " word, welds with the method and can ensure the outstanding depression of evenly avoiding of the root of starting out, the impact of welding quality reduces to splash.
Intermediate layer and superficial layer use and connect the arc-welding gimmick, adopted multilayer single track welding method: the swing of welding rod is not subjected to the restriction of weld width in the welding process in the past, adopt polygometry significantly to swing, throat depth does not require yet, cause welding condition excessive, the weld defects such as easy generation is burnt, overlap, undercut make control prick the Q460 High Tensile Steel Weld Metal and organize coarse grains, combination property reduces, and affects the service life of welding point.
Adopt the welding procedure of the small size saw-tooth wobble of multilayer multiple tracks, note observing the fusing of prime coat and groove face during welding, guarantee to reach the groove face fusion between layer road good, observe the rear side in molten bath without the coating packing phenomenon, make the fusion of melt run and mother metal side intersection good, without stinging meat, slag inclusion phenomenon.In the distance last layer welding bead up-igniting electric arc at 10 ~ 15mm place, molten bath of welding bead, then electric arc is forced down rapidly and moves on to 1/2 or 2/3 place in molten bath when changing the welding rod joint, press the welding of linear manipulation of electrode, the speed of welding of joint is slightly fast.Before each layer welding, all should be with the coating of front one deck welding bead, splash and clean out.When the per pass of each layer welded, the edge line in molten bath all should be pressed in 1/2 ~ 1/3 place of one welding bead, examines the molten bath, and its edge line is covered the highest point of a upper welding bead.The width in each road is no more than 5 times of core diameter, bead thickness and is not more than core diameter in the welding process, can under the prerequisite that ensures welding quality, reduce the sweating heat input like this, avoid burning, the generation of overlap, simultaneously because the reduction of sweating heat input, it is more refinement of weld grain, thereby improved the intensity of joint on the basis that guarantees plasticity and toughness, increased service life.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that this method of operating welding rod swings schematic diagram, and arrow represents welding rod termination running orbit among the figure.
Fig. 2 is multi-layer multi-pass welding sequential schematic in this method of operating.
The metallographic of Fig. 3 commissure bainite detects figure.
The metallographic of Fig. 4 heat affected area bainite detects figure.
Fig. 5 mother metal ferrite+pearlitic metallographic detects figure.
The specific embodiment
Further specify technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Select the steel pipe of two joint φ 400*16, material is that the Q460 high-strength steel is pricked in control, will polish metallic luster in groove and the surperficial 10mm scope on request; Wlding is selected E6015-G, and diameter is 3.2mm, 4.0mm, carries out on request 350 ℃ of oven dry, and then insulation 2h places in the heat-preservation cylinder, and plugged, ready access upon use.
Group is to parameter: bevel angle is 30-35 °, and root gap is that 3.5-4.5mm, root face are that 1.0-1.5mm, unfitness of butt joint are less than 1mm.After ready, position weldering at the two ends of test specimen, length is 15mm.
1, test material and method
Test is taken from common Q 460 angle steel that thickness is 20mm with material, and used welding material is the CHE607RH welding rod that Sichuan Atlantic China Welding Consumables, Inc. produces.Implant test is carried out according to " the welding with latch cold crack test method " of GB9446-88 regulation, and latch coupon diameter is 8mm, and the breach form is annular, and notch depth is 1.0mm.Testing equipment is micro-processor controlled five bolt testing machines of follow-on HCL-3MC type, and welding condition sees Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 welding condition
Under not preheating, 50 ℃ of preheatings and 75 ℃ of three kinds of conditions of preheating, test respectively.Postwelding is chilled to 150~200 ℃ of loadings.Change proof stress and test, when obtaining latch and keeping not preheating of 16h() or during the 24h(preheating) constantly maximum stress, i.e. critical fracture strength σ cr.Critical fracture strength is to determine like this: such as the test specimen fracture that has under a certain stress value, some test specimens are continuous, then remake two samples under the stress that is lower than this stress 20MPa, as all continuous, determine that then the latter is σ cr.
The thermal simulation parameter of choosing is: firing rate is 200 ℃/s, and peak temperature Tp is 1320 ℃, weld heat input from low to high, corresponding t
8/5Be taken as respectively 10s, 20s, 30s and 40s.Thermal simulation equipment is the GLEEBLE2500 thermal simulation machine of U.S. DSI company.Determine t according to experimental data
8/5The bound scope, by the calculating of hot input range
For slab, can quote the t of German Iron Steel Institute
8/5Theoretical empirical equation is calculated the hot input range of E():
In the formula: η---the relative efficiency of different welding methods, get 0.85;
E---heat input, J/cm;
T
O---initial temperature, ℃;
F3---joint efficiency gets 1.0.
Obtain the Q460 high-strength steel for preventing that the minimum preheat temperature of cold crack is 50 ℃, t by the cold crack sensitivity tests
8/5Scope is that 13.5S-30S, optimal heat input range are 20-45KJ/cm.
Power type and polarity: prime coat (being bottom) is the straight polarity direct current method, and packed layer (being the intermediate layer) and capping layer (being superficial layer) are the dc reverse connection method.
Layer road number is five layer of 13 road, that is: bottom one deck together, three layer of eight road, intermediate layer, superficial layer one deck four roads, layering shunting welding sequence as shown in drawings, the welding condition in each layer, road such as following table:
The test effect of this embodiment:
This method of operating adopts " it " font or slightly zigzag swing manipulation of electrode welding, and wherein angle α is 30-40 °, and angle β is 30-40 °, and the distance h of passing top, line-spacing molten bath is 1/3-1/2 of whole molten bath H, to realize the covering between the molten bath.The width of controlling simultaneously each layer welding bead is no more than the welding procedure that 5 times of core diameter, thickness are not more than core diameter, can effectively avoid the depression defect at the place of starting, the impact of the welding quality that reduces to splash, and crystal grain thinning, improves the performance of welding point.For verifying better the feasibility of this welding technique, will do relevant performance test by the welding point that this process is welded.
Testing result shows: the tensile strength of weld seam detects two groups of samples (GB2651 " welding point stretching test method "), is 650Mpa and 700Mpa; The bending strength of weld seam detects (GB2653 " welding point bending and flattening test method "), and the face of choosing is curved, curved each two of the back of the body, and angle of bend reaches 180 ° and has no defective; Impact test (GB2650-89 " welding point impact test method, impact specimen is opened v-notch ") is got respectively three groups of samples and is carried out-40 ℃ of tests in weld seam, heat affected area, average ballistic work is respectively 88J, 187J; It is bainite that the microcosmic metallographic detects (OLYMPUS PME3) weld seam, and the heat affected area is that bainite, mother metal are ferrite+pearlite; Hardness (digital display Michael Burawoy hardometer THBRV-187.5D) detects weld seam, heat affected area, mother metal, and ball hardness number is as follows: mother metal mean value 226, and heat affected area mean value 213, weld seam mean value 220 is all qualified; Conclusion is qualified.
Above the present invention has been done exemplary description; should be noted that; in the situation that do not break away from core of the present invention, the replacement that is equal to that any simple distortion, modification or other those skilled in the art can not spend creative work all falls into protection scope of the present invention.