CN102922083B - A kind of welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel - Google Patents
A kind of welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel, by setting rational welding parameter, control interlayer temperature and root run carried out to the mode of gas shielded arc welding and SMAW, improve the performance of welding point, especially intensity and decay resistance, makes the properties of welding point meet and reaches RCC-M standard, saves operation, improve welding efficiency, reduce production cost; Domestic nuclear grade stainless steel wlding is adopted to weld, the monopolization of the state such as American-European-Japanese to the extraordinary wlding technology and market of China can be broken, break away from the situation that steel welding material relies on import, progressively realize production domesticization, promote the autonomy-oriented process of nuclear power generating equipment manufacture, installation, maintenance key technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, particularly relate to a kind of welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel.
Background technology
Nuclear grade stainless steel is a kind of novel stainless steel material of application in recent years, and its main chemical compositions is 00Cr18Ni9, has ultralow S, P content and excellent mechanical property and corrosion resistance.This novel stainless steel may be used in the core I grade of equipment such as some parts, primary Ioops main pipeline, main pump in pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant reactor core internals, driving mechanism, having stronger intensity and corrosion resistance, is a kind of economical material with high life cycle and low cost.
This novel nuclear grade stainless steel welding material all monopolize by offshore company, not only expensive, procurement cycle is long, and quality control is difficult, and there is the risk be blocked because of politics cause, is unfavorable for the development of China's Nuclear Electricity.Only there is certain knowhow in current China substantially in the production of non-core level product, but apart from the technical requirement of core level wlding, especially the technical requirement of core level wlding also has very large gap, and the occupation rate in the non-core level material market at home produced is less than 50%, therefore the nuclear grade stainless steel wlding of domestic, especially core level wlding is the development promoting national nuclear industry.Develop the core level welding material of oneself, the monopolization of the state such as American-European-Japanese to the extraordinary wlding technology and market of China will be broken, establish the brand of oneself, break away from the situation that Novel steel welding material relies on import, progressively realize production domesticization, promote the autonomy-oriented process of nuclear power generating equipment manufacture, installation, maintenance key technology.
Therefore, need a kind of new technical scheme to solve the problem.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to develop domestic core level welding material, for the production of state's kernel level welding material provides relevant test basis, break Europe, beautiful, Deng state is to the monopolization of China's core level welding material, establish the brand of oneself, break away from the situation that welding core I grade of material relies on import, and a kind of welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel is provided, by setting rational welding parameter, control interlayer temperature and root run carried out to the mode of gas shielded arc welding and SMAW, improve the performance of welding point, the properties of welding point is met and reaches RCC-M standard, save operation, improve welding efficiency, reduce production cost.
The object of the invention is to be realized by following technical scheme.
The welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel of the present invention, comprises the welds prepares operation being prepared by stainless steel to groove, groove Butt Assembling and selected welding material, bottoming welding sequence, and fills welding and cover welding operation; Welding material selected in described welding sequence is all the welding rod be made up of domestic nuclear grade stainless steel and welding wire; Before welding, welding rod or welding wire need preheating; Interlayer temperature will be controlled during welding; Described bottoming welding, filling welding, cover welding operation adopt GTAW or SMAW.
As preferably, the chemical composition of described nuclear grade stainless steel, according to mass percent, each constituent content is as follows: C:0.020 ~ 0.025%, Si:0.530 ~ 0.62%, Mn:1.41 ~ 1.94%, P:0.006 ~ 0.017%, S:0.006 ~ 0.011%, Ni:9.78 ~ 10.29%, Cr:19.75 ~ 20.68%, Mo:0.017 ~ 0.030%, Co:0.013 ~ 0.041%, and surplus is Fe;
The welding method of aforesaid nuclear grade stainless steel, wherein welding rod is nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L, and welding wire is nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L.
The welding method of aforesaid nuclear grade stainless steel, the welding parameter of described GTAW is: gage of wire is Φ 1.5-2mm, and tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15-25mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Back of the body protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15-25mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Welding arc voltage is 10-15V, and welding current is direct current, and polarity is straight polarity direct current, and current strength is 100-140A; Speed of welding is 65-80mm/min; Welding position is all positon, upright.
The welding method of aforesaid nuclear grade stainless steel, the welding parameter of described SMAW is as follows: welding rod preheat temperature is 300 DEG C and is incubated 2 hours, and adopt the welding method of multiple tracks multilayer welding and swing, full swing width is the core diameter scope of 2.5 times; Adopt ER308L stainless steel electrode; Welding current is direct current, and polarity is DC reverse connection, and current strength is 90-135A, and speed of welding is 100-150mm/min; Welding position is all positon, upright.
The welding method of aforesaid nuclear grade stainless steel, in the step that described interlayer temperature controls, interlayer temperature≤150 DEG C.
The welding method of aforesaid nuclear grade stainless steel, describedly prepares in the step of groove, and the groove of preparation is one side V-shaped groove, and bevel angle is 60 DEG C, and gap is 2mm, and root face is 1mm.
The welding method of aforesaid nuclear grade stainless steel, nuclear grade stainless steel is wherein 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel.
Beneficial effect: the welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel of the present invention, it is by the rational welding parameter of setting, control interlayer temperature and root run carried out to the mode of gas shielded arc welding, improve the performance of welding point, especially intensity and decay resistance, the performance of welding point reaches and the properties of welding point is met reach RCC-M standard, save operation, improve welding efficiency, reduce production cost, develop domestic core I grade of welding material, for the production of state's kernel level welding material provides relevant test basis, establish the brand of oneself, break away from nugget I grade and connect the situation that material relies on import, promote nuclear power generating equipment manufacture, install, the maintenance autonomy-oriented process of key technology and the development of national nuclear industry.
Detailed description of the invention
The welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel of the present invention, comprises the welds prepares operation being prepared by nuclear grade stainless steel to groove, groove Butt Assembling and selected welding material, bottoming welding sequence, and fills welding and cover welding operation; Its improvements are, welding welding material used is all domestic nuclear grade stainless steel material; Described bottoming, filling, cover welding operation all adopt GTAW or SMAW.
The welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel of the present invention, wherein welding base metal is 00Cr18Ni9, and welding material is: welding rod is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L; Welding wire is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L.The welding parameter of GTAW is: gage of wire is Φ 1.5-2mm, and tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15-25mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Back of the body protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15-25mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Welding arc voltage is 10-15V, and welding current is direct current, and polarity is straight polarity direct current, and current strength is 100-140A; Speed of welding is 65-80mm/min; Welding position is all positon, upright.
The welding parameter of SMAW is as follows: welding rod preheat temperature is 300 DEG C and is incubated 2 hours, and adopt the welding method of multiple tracks multilayer welding and swing, full swing width is the core diameter scope of 2.5 times; Adopt ER308L stainless steel electrode; Welding current is direct-current polarity is DC reverse connection, and current strength is 90-140A, and speed of welding is 90-135mm/min; Welding position is all positon, upright.
embodiment 1
The 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel of specification 400 × 150 × 12 (mm) is welded.Main operational steps is as follows:
1, welds prepares operation:
1. prepare groove, prepare one side V-shaped groove by plasma method, bevel angle is 60 °, and gap is 2mm, and root face is 1mm; Groove and internal and external walls both sides are cleared up, until expose metallic luster;
2. Butt Assembling groove, zero defect within the scope of the 20mm at the inspection welded position of confirmation and edge thereof, spot welding is assembled;
3. selected welding material, welding wire adopts domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L, and diameter is Φ 2mm.
2, bottoming welding sequence:
Adopt GTAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is aforesaid three kinds of welding wires, and tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protection argon gas flow is 15mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Back of the body protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15/min, purity >=99.99%, and welding arc voltage is≤15V; Welding current is direct current, and polarity is straight polarity direct current, and current strength is 130A, and speed of welding is 65mm/min, controls heat input and is less than 30KJ/cm.
3, welding and cover welding operation is filled
Adopt GTAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is aforesaid three kinds of welding wires, and tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protection argon gas flow is 15mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Welding arc voltage≤14V, welding current is direct current, and current strength is 120A, and adopt the weldering of 8 layers, 10 road, speed of welding is 80mm/min, controls heat input and is less than 13KJ/cm; Control interlayer temperature≤150 DEG C.
Adopt other welding method, use domestic common E308L welding rod and state's outer core level E308L welding rod to carry out welding testing as a comparison.
Postwelding, butt welded seam sample carries out Performance Detection, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding wire welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 636MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 327MPa, the ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 86.70J, 104.50J, 111.87J, and its performance all meets the setting of RCCM standard; The strength of joint adopting domestic core level ER308L argon arc welding wire to weld is higher than domestic common E308L welding rod and state outer core level E308L welding rod, but ballistic work decreases.The Seam and heat effected zone tissue of domestic core level E308L welding rod welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is column austenite and adds delta ferrite, and is evenly distributed; Domestic core level ER308L argon arc welding wire composition and mechanical property meet the requirement of RCCM standard, and are better than external like product; Ferrite content meets standard, is better than other products.
embodiment 2
The 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel of specification 400 × 150 × 12 (mm) is welded.Main operational steps is as follows:
1, welds prepares operation:
1. prepare groove, prepare one side V-shaped groove by plasma method, bevel angle is 60 °, and gap is 2mm, and root face is 1mm; Groove and internal and external walls both sides are cleared up, until expose metallic luster;
2. Butt Assembling groove, zero defect within the scope of the 20mm at the inspection welded position of confirmation and edge thereof, spot welding is assembled;
3. selected welding material, welding wire adopts domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L, and diameter is Φ 2mm.
2, bottoming welding sequence:
Adopt GTAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L, and diameter is Φ 2mm, and tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protection argon gas flow is 15mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Back of the body protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15/min, purity >=99.99%, and welding arc voltage is≤15V; Welding current is direct current, and current strength is respectively 140A, 120A and 100A, and speed of welding is 65mm/min, controls heat input and is less than 15KJ/cm.
3 fill welding and cover welding operation
Adopt GTAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L, and diameter is Φ 2mm, and tungsten electrode diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protection argon gas flow is 15mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Welding arc voltage≤14V, welding current is direct current, and current strength is respectively 140A, 120A and 100A, and adopt the weldering of 8 layers, 10 road, speed of welding is 80mm/min, controls heat input and is less than 13KJ/cm; Control interlayer temperature≤150 DEG C.
Postwelding, butt welded seam sample carries out Performance Detection, and when welding current intensity is 140A, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding wire welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 611.21MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 334.02MPa, and yield tensile ratio is 0.55; The ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 88.45J, 98.40J, 102.12J; When welding current intensity is 120A, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding wire welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 636.00MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 325.00MPa, and yield tensile ratio is 0.51; The ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 86.70J, 79.07J, 100.21J; When welding current intensity is 100A, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding wire welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 621.07MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 342.26MPa, and yield tensile ratio is 0.55; The ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 79.09J, 93.73J, 102.48J; In metallographic structure, when welding current intensity is 120A, heat affected area grain growth degree is less, and organizing of joint welding district is more tiny, closely.Comprehensively aforementioned can the 120A that goes out be better welding current.
embodiment 3
The 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel of specification 400 × 150 × 12 (mm) is welded.Main operational steps is as follows:
1, welds prepares operation:
1. prepare groove, prepare one side V-shaped groove by plasma method, bevel angle is 60 °, and gap is 2mm, and root face is 1mm; Groove and internal and external walls both sides are cleared up, until expose metallic luster;
2. Butt Assembling groove, zero defect within the scope of the 20mm at the inspection welded position of confirmation and edge thereof, spot welding is assembled;
3. selected welding material, welding rod adopts domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L;
4. weld preheating, before welding, welding rod need be preheating to 300 DEG C and be incubated two hours;
2, bottoming welding sequence:
Adopt SMAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is aforesaid three kinds of welding rods, and welding arc voltage is 12V; Welding current is direct current, and polarity is DC reverse connection, and current strength is 90A, and speed of welding is 100mm/min.
3, welding and cover welding operation is filled
SMAW is adopted to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is aforesaid three kinds of welding rods, welding arc voltage≤14V, welding current is direct current, polarity is DC reverse connection, and current strength is 115A, adopts the welding method of the weldering of 3 layers, 5 road and weave bead welding, swing width controls within the scope of the core diameter of 2.5 times, and speed of welding is 150mm/min; Control interlayer temperature≤150 DEG C.
Adopt other welding method, use external nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L, state's kernel I grade of common stainless steel welding rod ER308L carry out welding testing as a comparison.
Postwelding, butt welded seam sample carries out Performance Detection, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level E308L welding rod welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 642MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 337MPa, the ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 76.89J, 76.47J, 98.28J, and its performance all meets the setting of RCCM standard; The strength of joint adopting domestic core level ER308L argon arc welding wire to weld is higher than domestic common E308L welding rod and state outer core level E308L welding rod, but ballistic work decreases.The Seam and heat effected zone tissue of domestic core level E308L welding rod welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is column austenite and adds delta ferrite, and is evenly distributed; Domestic core level E308L components of welding electrode, ferrite content and mechanical property all meet the requirement of RCCM standard, and are better than external like product.
embodiment 4
The 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel of specification 400 × 150 × 12 (mm) is welded.Main operational steps is as follows:
1, welds prepares operation:
1. prepare groove, prepare one side V-shaped groove by plasma method, bevel angle is 60 °, and gap is 2mm, and root face is 1mm; Groove and internal and external walls both sides are cleared up, until expose metallic luster;
2. Butt Assembling groove, zero defect within the scope of the 20mm at the inspection welded position of confirmation and edge thereof, spot welding is assembled;
3. selected welding material, welding rod adopts domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L;
4. weld preheating, before welding, welding rod need be preheating to 300 DEG C and be incubated two hours;
2, bottoming welding sequence:
Adopt SMAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding wire is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L; Welding current is direct current, and polarity is DC reverse connection, and current strength is respectively 125A, 90A and 95A, and speed of welding is 100mm/min.
3 fill welding and cover welding operation
Adopt SMAW to carry out bottoming welding, welding parameter is set as: welding rod is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L; Welding arc voltage≤14V, welding current is direct current, and polarity is DC reverse connection; Current strength is respectively 135A, 115A and 95A, and adopt the welding method of the weldering of 3 layers, 5 road and weave bead welding, swing width controls within the scope of the core diameter of 2.5 times, and speed of welding is 150mm/min; Control interlayer temperature≤150 DEG C.
Postwelding, butt welded seam sample carries out Performance Detection, and when welding current intensity is 135A, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding rod welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 610.55MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 367.80MPa, and yield tensile ratio is 0.60; The ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 39.98J, 43.99J, 99.85J; When welding current intensity is 115A, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding wire welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 642.42MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 337.30MPa, and yield tensile ratio is 0.53; The ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 76.89J, 76.47J, 97.62J; When welding current intensity is 95A, the tensile strength Rm of domestic core level ER308L welding wire welding 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel welded joint is 604.06MPa, yield strength Rp0.2 is 348.53MPa, and yield tensile ratio is 0.58; The ballistic work at Weld pipe mill, melt run and melt run+2mm place is respectively 40.72J, 51.41J, 104.14J; Be 115A by testing the welding stream finally drawing suggestion, under this welding condition, the tensile strength of welding point, plasticity, toughness and decay resistance are all enough good.
embodiment 5
In the present embodiment, welds prepares operation, bottoming welding sequence, filling weld substantially identical with previous embodiment 1 ~ 4 with cover welding operation, difference is, the chemical composition of the nuclear grade stainless steel selected, according to mass percent, each constituent content is as follows: C:0.025%, Si:0.62%, Mn:1.41%, P:0.006%, S:0.006%, Ni:10.29%, Cr:20.68%, Mo:0.017%, Co:0.013, and surplus is Fe; Adopt the welding rod be made up of above-mentioned nuclear grade stainless steel to weld, the tensile strength of welding point, plasticity, toughness and decay resistance are all enough good.
embodiment 6
In the present embodiment, welds prepares operation, bottoming welding sequence, filling weld substantially identical with previous embodiment 1 ~ 4 with cover welding operation, difference is, the chemical composition of the nuclear grade stainless steel selected, according to mass percent, each constituent content is as follows: C:0.020%, Si:0.530%, Mn:1.94%, P:0.017%, S:0.011%, Ni:9.78%, Cr:19.75%, Mo:0.030%, Co:0.041%, and surplus is Fe; Adopt the welding rod be made up of above-mentioned nuclear grade stainless steel to weld, the tensile strength of welding point, plasticity, toughness and decay resistance are all enough good.
Effect and the advantage of the welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel of the present invention are: 1, use domestic nuclear grade stainless steel wlding as welding material, make weld seam properties excellent.Because P, S content of the magazine element of 00Cr18Ni9 austenitic stainless steel is lower, make it have good weldability, corrosion resistance and good plasticity and high-temperature behavior, and be used in the nuclear power generating equipment of nuclear power station.2, adopt the welding method of argon tungsten-arc welding and SMAW, be not only applicable to the welding of sheet material, be more suitable for the welding of various nuclear grade stainless steel material, and can be used fast in actual production.Especially argon tungsten-arc welding, its mechanism is, argon arc welding adopt tungsten electrode, during welding, tungsten electrode is non-fusible, thus be a kind of arc stability, thermal source concentrate welding method.In addition use very highly purified argon gas as protection gas during welding, can have and effectively prevent the oxidation of alloying element and obtain the good welding point of performance.3, the production domesticization of nuclear grade stainless steel wlding can break the monopolization of the state such as American-European-Japanese to the extraordinary wlding technology and market of China, break away from the situation that Novel steel welding material relies on import, progressively realize production domesticization, promote the autonomy-oriented process of nuclear power generating equipment manufacture, installation, maintenance key technology.Enable the development that China's Nuclear Electricity is safe, stable.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a welding method for nuclear grade stainless steel, comprises the welds prepares operation being prepared by stainless steel to groove, groove Butt Assembling and selected welding material, bottoming welding sequence, and fills welding and cover welding operation; It is characterized in that: described welding sequence welding material used is all the welding rod be made up of domestic nuclear grade stainless steel or welding wire; Before welding, welding rod or welding wire need preheating; Interlayer temperature will be controlled during welding; Described bottoming welding, filling welding, cover welding operation all adopt GTAW or SMAW; The welding parameter of described SMAW is as follows: welding rod preheat temperature is 300 DEG C and is incubated 2 hours; Described nuclear grade stainless steel is 00Cr18Ni9 stainless steel, and described welding rod is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding rod ER308L, and welding wire is domestic nuclear grade stainless steel welding wire ER308L;
The welding parameter of described GTAW is: gage of wire is Φ 1.5-2mm, tungsten electrode: diameter is Φ 2.4mm; Protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15-25mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Back of the body protective gas is argon gas, and argon flow amount is 15-25mL/min, purity >=99.99%; Welding arc voltage is 10-15V, and welding current is direct current, and polarity is straight polarity direct current, and current strength is 100-140A; Speed of welding is 65-80mm/min; Welding position is all positon, upright;
The welding parameter of described SMAW is as follows: welding rod preheat temperature is 300 DEG C and is incubated 2 hours, and adopt the welding method of multiple tracks multilayer welding and swing, full swing width is the core diameter scope of 2.5 times; Welding current is direct current, and polarity is DC reverse connection, and current strength is 90-135A, and speed of welding is 100-150mm/min; Welding position is all positon, upright.
2. the welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the chemical composition of described nuclear grade stainless steel, according to mass percent, each constituent content is as follows: C:0.020 ~ 0.025%, Si:0.530 ~ 0.62%, Mn:1.41 ~ 1.94%, P:0.006 ~ 0.017%, S:0.006 ~ 0.011%, Ni:9.78 ~ 10.29%, Cr:19.75 ~ 20.68%, Mo:0.017 ~ 0.030%, Co:0.013 ~ 0.041%, and surplus is Fe.
3. the welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in the step that described interlayer temperature controls, interlayer temperature≤150 DEG C.
4. the welding method of nuclear grade stainless steel according to claim 2, is characterized in that: describedly prepare in the step of groove, and the groove of preparation is one side V-shaped groove, and bevel angle is 60 DEG C, and gap is 2mm, and root face is 1mm.
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| CN101972878A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2011-02-16 | 中国化学工程第七建设有限公司 | Process for welding duplex stainless steel |
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